tema 3. los glucidos (biomoléculas)

8/17/2019 Tema 3. Los Glucidos (biomoléculas)

1/12

\CGO 84 MNX BMÔHILNX

OVOZ\OLNX LCM \CGO4

?. CX\ZSH\SZO BC@CZOM LC MNX BMÔHILNX:. HMOXIAIHOHIØ@ LC MNX BMÔHILNX8. GN@NXOHÏZILNX


2/12

K&,&&!$(*#*6$%&( (&!& (' 6'$/' )` /$& %' ,&`&(*#6$%&.

K'/'6&&!$(*#*6$%& (' 6'$/' ,( %' )` ,&`&(*#6$%&.

). GN@NXOH*ZILNX

X&` ()(/*`#$*( +!*`#*( & ,'%$& /6*`(*6'`/'( ()'!'` 6'(&`%'6 * !* &6,* '`'6*! %'!"#$%&(. X)( #*6*#/'6(/$#*( (&`

• V&6 !& '`'6*! /&%&( (&` %)!#'( 5&%'6 '%)!#&6*`/'=.• X&` /&%&( #6$(/*!'(.• X&` (&!)+!'( '` '! *)* 5(' %$()'!'` +$'`=.

V)'%'` /'`'6 6)& )`#$&`*! *!%'%& & #'/&`*.

\ZINXOX

X&` ,&`&(*#6$%&( #&`/6'( #*6+&`&( #&` 6)&#*6+&7$!& 5*!%&/6$&(*= &#*6+&`$!& 5#'/&/6$&(*=.

M* $(&,'6* '( )`*#*6*#/'6(/$#* %' ,)#&(#&,)'(/&( 9)' ($'`%&

%$(/$`/&( /$'`'` !* ,$(,*46,)!* ,&!'#)!*6.C7$(/'` %$'6'`/'( /$&(%' $(&,'6*(

M*( *!%&/6$&(*( (&` ,&!-#)!*( %$(/$`/*( (&` $(4,'6&( '(*#$*!'( * 9)' ('%$'6'`#$*` '` !* &($#$4` %'! 6)& NK '` '! #*6+&`& %&(.

S` or+,', o-ig/ri, '( )` #*6+&`& 9)' &('' #)*/6& '`!*#'( %$(/$`/&(. C! #*6+&`&: '( *($,-/6$#&. M* '7$(/'`#$* %' #*6+&`& *($,-/6$#& $,!$#* !* **6$#$4` %' i-,gcrço-4/$#* '(*#$*!.


3/12

M* i-,gcrço øp/io !* 6'('`/*` !&( ,&`&(*#6$%&( 9)' #&`/$'`'` #*6+&`&(*($,-/6$#&(. C(/* 6&$'%*% #&`($(/' '` !* #**#$%*% %' &%'6 %'($*6 !* !) &!*6$*%*9)' */6*$'(* )`* %$(&!)#$4` %' ,&`&(*#6$%&(.

X$ !* !) '( %'($*%* * !* %'6'#* 5'` ('`/$%& %' !*( *)*( %'! 6'!&= (' %$#' 9)' '(

LC6\Z(BIZN 5>= ($ '( %'($*%* * !* $9)$'6%* 5('`/$%& #&`/*6$& %' !*( *)*( %'!6'!&= '( MC(BIZN 5F=.

O #*%* )`& %' !&( $(4,'6&( %' !'( !!*,* '`*`/$4,'6& '`*`/$&,&6& $(4,'6&(9)$6*!'(.

C'o'/iøgcr, !* &($#$4` %' /&%&( !&( NK %' !&( #*6+&`&( *($,-/6$#&( *6*. V&6/*`/& )`* ,&!'#)!* '( '! 6''& %' () '`*`/$4,'6& 5(&` $,'`'( '('#)!*6'(=. M*&($#$4` %'! 6)& NK %'! #*6+&`& *($,-/6$#& ,( *!'*%& %'! 6)& )`#$&`*! '6,$/'%$'6'`#$*6 *,+*( ,&!-#)!*(.

• M* :,rgo L #)*`%& '! NK '(/ * !* %'6'#*.• M* :,rgo M #)*`%& '! NK '(/ * !* $9)$'6%*.

C` !* #'/&/6$&(* `$`"` #*6+&`& '( *($,-/6$#& &6 '(& `& 6'('`/* $(&,'6*(.

\C\ZNXOX

C` !*( *!%&/'/6&(*( !&(#*6+&`&( *($,-/6$#&( (&`

: 8.

L \6'&(* M \6'(&(* (&`'`*`/$4,'6*( '`/6' (.

M C6$/6&(* '( '`*`/$4,'6*#&` L \6'&(*.

CV8GCZOX %&( ,&!-#)!*( (&` ','6*( #)*`%& ('%$'6'`#$*` '` !* &($#$4` %'! NK %' )` "`$#& #*6+&`&*($,-/6$#&. L C6$/6&(* M \6'&(* (&` '$,'6*(.

M*( ,&!-#)!*( M (&!& (' ($`/'/$*` '` '! !*+&6*/&6$& * 9)''` !* `*/)6*!'* (&!& '7$(/'` L.

VC@\NXOX


4/12

$C6NXOX

Bmu,-o


5/12

?.?.?.?.?.

?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.

?.?.?.

C! #$#!& 6'()!/*`/' )'%' /'`'6 &6,* '`/*&`*! 5)6*`&= & '7*&`*! 5$6*`&=%'`&,$``%&(' !&( ,&`&(*#6$%&( :uro',-o- , piro',-o- 6'('#/$*,'`/'.

:. C! #*6+&`& #*6+&`!$#& #&66'(&`%$'`/' * !&( 6)&( *!%'%& #'/&`* (' %'($`*'` !* 46,)!* ##!$#* #&` '! `&,+6' %' #*6+&`& *`&,-6$#& 9)'%* )`$%& *!6)& NK.

8. M* &($#$4` %'! 6)& NK )`$%& *! #*6+&`& *`&,-6$#& %'/'6,$`* )` `)'& /$&%' '(/'6'&$(&,'6* #&`$%* #&,& *`&,'6*. C7$(/'` %&( &6,*( *`&,-6$#*(

•

A,rgo om:o #&. C! NK %'! #*6+&`& *`&,-6$#& 9)'%* +*& '! !*`&. X'%'`&,$`* #&`)6*#$4` /ro'- *! 9)'%*6(' '(/' NK '` '! !*%& #&`/6*6$&%'! NK %'! #*6+&`& '7/'6$&6 *! #$#!&.

• A,rgo +c/o #5&. C! NK %'! #*6+&`& *`&,-6$#& 9)'%* (&+6' '! !*`&. X'%'`&,$`* #&`)6*#$4` i- *! 9)'%*6(' '` '! ,$(,& !*%& 9)' '! #*6+&`&'7/'6$&6 %'! #$#!&.


6/12

HIHMOHI(@ LC MO AZSH\NXO

M*

,':,rgoiø'rcom 3c m,-

g,',-o9ri3,- '` %$(&!)#$4` *6* #&` 6'('#/& * !* 6&)'(/* &6 K*E&6/ * 9)'%'+$%& * !* 6'('`#$* %' '`!*#'( #&*!'`/'( ('`#$!!&( !*( ,&!-#)!*( `& )'%'` ('6!*`*(. X' *` ()'6$%& &/6*( &6,*( %' 6'6'('`/*#$4` '` ($!!* '` +&/' '` !*( 9)'!&( #*6+&`&( H: H8 H3 '! &7'`& '(/` '` '! ,$(,& !*`&. M* #&`)6*#$4` %'($!!* '( ,( '(/*+!' 9)' !* #&`)6*#$4` '` +&/' &69)' * ,'`&( $,'%$,'`/&'(/-6$#&.


7/12

$CV\NXOX

=. NMIBNXOH*ZILNX

M&( &!$&(*#6$%&( (&` !"#$%&( &6,*%&( &6 )` `",'6& '9)';& %' ,&`&(*#6$%&(5%' : * ?= (' !!*,*` LIXOHÏZILNX ($ '(/` #&,)'(/&( &6 %&( ,&`&(*#6$%&(

\ZIXOHÏZILNX ($ '(/` #&,)'(/&( &6 8 ,&`&(*#6$%&( \C\ZOXOHÏZILNX *(()#'($*,'`/'.

LIXOH*ZILNX

X' &6,*` &6 !* )`$4` %' %&( ,&`&(*#6$%&( ,'%$*`/' '`!*#' N!BMSHNX8LIHN.

GOM\NXO4

C( )` %$(*#6$%& 9)' `)`#* (''`#)'`/6* !$+6' '` !* `*/)6*!'*.A&6,* *6/' %'! *!,$%4` & %'!!)#4'`&. X' !' !!*,* ,(#&,"`,'`/' *"#*6 %' ,*!/* /$'`' )` (*+&6 %)!#' !$'6*,'`/'/&(/*%&. C(/ &6,*%& &6 %&(

!)#&(*( 5FLFB!)#&$6*`&(*=. X'&6,* )` '`!*#' 5?F


8/12

Z'#$+' '! `&,+6' %' ο-L-Bmuhnpiro`nsim-(?


9/12

ZCOHHI(@ AC$MI@B

Au'3ogc'/,4 X' +*(* '` '! #*6#/'6 6'%)#/&6 %' !&( ,&`&(*#6$%&( %' !* ,*&6*

%' !&( %$(*#6$%&( 5'7#'/& !* (*#*6&(*=. X$ '! !"#$%& 9)' (' $`'(/$* '( 6'%)#/&6 ('&7$%*6 %*`%& !)*6 * !* 6'%)##$4` %'! ()!*/& %' #&+6' 5II= %' #&!&6 *)! * 47$%& %'#&+6' 5I= %' #&!&6 6&&F*`*6*`*%&.

M* 6'*##$4` %' A'!$` (' 6'*!$* %'! ($)$'`/' ,&%&

• X' /&,*` 8 ,! %' !* ,)'(/6* 9)' (' 9)$'6* *`*!$*6

• O;*%$6 ? ,! %'! 6'*#/$& A'!$` O ? ,! %'! 6'*#/$& A'!$` J

• C! !9)$%& %'! /)+& %' '`(*& *%9)$6$6 )` )'6/' #&!&6 *)!.

• H*!'`/*6 '! /)+& *! +*;& G*6* & %$6'#/*,'`/' '` )` ,'#'6& %' M*+&6*/&6$&

• M* 6'*##$4` ('6 &($/$* ($ !* ,)'(/6* (' )'!' %' #&!&6 6&&F!*%6$!!& **6'#')` 6'#$$/*%&

• Mo rcohhiø` scrï `cbotivo si mo gucstro quclo ozum, n hogjio o u` tn`n ozum-vcrlnsn.

M* (*#*6&(* `& &('' &%'6 6'%)#/&6 * 9)' `& /$'`' '! #*6+&`& *`&,-6$#& !$+6'.

Z'#$+$6* '! `&,+6' %' FLFB!)#&$6*`&($!F5?:=FFLFA6)#/&)6*`4($%& 5$`%$#* 9)' `&/$'`' &%'6 6'%)#/&6=.

S` '',!& %' 6'*##$4` &($/$* ('6* !* !)#&(* * 9)' () H? '( !$+6'.

0. VNMIXOH*ZILNX


10/12

X' #!*($#*` '` &,&&!$(*#6$%&( &6,*%&( &6 )` "`$#& /$& %' ,&`&(*#6$%&6''/$%& !&( '/'6&&!$(*#6$%&( ($ '` () #&,&($#$4` * ,( %' )` /$& %',&`&(*#6$%&.

• C',!&( %' &,&&!$(*#66$%&( 53F1 #*6+&`&(= '( '! *!,$%4` !* #'!)!&(* '!

!)#4'`& !* 9)$/$`*.• C',!&( %' '/'6&&!$(*#6$%&( '#/$`* ',$#'!)!&(* '! **6F**6 !* &,*

*6+$*.

V)'%'` ('6 '`/&(*`*( '7&(*`*( 5!)#&(*`*( *!,$%4` !)#4'`& #'!)!&(*=.

$NGNVNMIXOH*ZILNX

OMG#L%&4

C( )` &,&&!$(*#6$%& %' 6'('6* '`'6-/$#* 9)' (' '`#)'`/6* '` !*`/*( 5*/*/**66& '/#.=. C(/ &6,*%& &6 !* ,'#!* %' %&( &!$(*#6$%&( OGIMNXO OGIMNVCH\I@O.

M* ogim,-o '(/ &6,*%* &6 !)#&(*( )`$%*( &6 '`!*#' 5?


11/12

_C! '`!*#' 9)' /$'`' ,'`&6 $,'%$,'`/& '(/-6$#& '( ,( '(/*+!' ,( 6'($(/'`/'

,'`&( '`'6-/$#& 9)' '! 9)' )*6%* ,)#* '`'6*.

'#\#&O

C( )` &,&&!$(*#6$%& 9)' (' '`#)'`/6* '` !&( *6/64&%&( &6,*`%& () '7&'(9)'!'/& !* *6'% #'!)!*6 %' !&( &`&(. C(/ &6,*%& &6 `F*#'/$!F!)#&(*,$`*( )`$%*( &6'`!*#' 5?

¾Y huïmcs sn` cstruhturomcs>

$C\CZNVNMIXOH*ZILNX

C(/` &6,*%&( &6 %&( ,&`&(*#6$%&( %$'6'`/'(.

!\#&O4 C(/ #&,)'(/* &6 )`$&`'( %' *!*#/&(*( '` !*( 9)' (' $`/'6#*!*` %'' '` #)*`%& 6*,&(*(. O*6'#' '` !*( *6'%'( #'!)!*6'( 6$,*6$*( %' !*( !*`/*(.

*!G#!M'MNXO4 C(/ #&,)'(/* &6 *6$&( &!$(*#6$%&( &6,*%&( &6 7$!&(* *6*+$`&(* )`$%*( &6 5?


12/12

8. Bmu,pr,/cç'o-4 !* *6/' %'`&,$`*%* *!)#4` '( )`* 6&/'`* #&,& !*($`,)`&!&+)!$`*( !* 6&/6&,+$`* & !*( &6,&`*( AXK MK.

6/ #GN$\O&#O "#NM%B#O L! MNX BM#LNXAu'iø' c'cr2/io4 #&,& '! *!,$%&` & '! !)#4'`& 9)' )*6%*` '`'6* 9)'(&+6* #&,& 6'('6* '`'6-/$#* #)*`%& (' 6&,'` !&( '`!*#'( !$+'6*` '`'6*.C(/& (' *#' ,'%$*`/' !* 9)',* %' !* !)#&(* 5#&,+)(/$4` #'!)!*6=.Au'iø' c-/ru/urom4 * `$'! ,&!'#)!*6 #'!)!*6 & %' &6*`$(,& '`/'6&. M*9)$/$`* & !* #'!)!&(*.M* '(/6)#/)6* %' OL@ & %'! OZ@ * `$'! ,&!'#)!*6 (' !* %*` !*( 6$+&(*( & !*(%'(&7$66$+&(*(.

tema 3. los glucidos (biomoléculas)

Documents