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TEMEL SORUKİTAPÇIĞI

AÇIKLAMA

1. Bu kitapçıkta İngilizce / Sosyal Bilimler Testi bulun-maktadır.

2. Bu test için verilen cevaplama süresi 180 dakikadır (3 saat).

3. Testteki her sorunun sadece bir doğru cevabı vardır. Bir soru için birden çok cevap yeri işaretlenmişse o soru yanlış cevaplanmış sayılacaktır.

4. İşaretlediğiniz bir cevabı değiştirmek istediğinizde, sil-me işlemini çok iyi yapmanız gerektiğini unutmayınız.

5. Bu sınavın değerlendirilmesi doğru cevap sayısı üzerinden yapılacak, yanlış cevaplar dikkate alın-mayacaktır. Bu nedenle, her soruda size en doğru gö-rünen cevabı işaretleyerek cevapsız soru bırakmama-nız yararınıza olabilir.

6. Cevaplamaya istediğiniz sorudan başlayabilirsiniz. Bir soru ile ilgili cevabınızı, cevap kâğıdında o soru için ay-rılmış olan yere işaretlemeyi unutmayınız.

7. Sınavda uyulacak diğer kurallar bu kitapçığın arka ka-pağında belirtilmiştir.

2012-ÜDS Sonbahar/İNG-Sos.Bil. İNGİLİZCE SOSYAL BİLİMLER

Bu testte 80 soru vardır.

1. - 9. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlereuygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Countries need to utilize the full scope ofappropriate policies to maintain financial stability inthe face of shocks to avoid abrupt economic ----.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

provisions similarities

opportunities fluctuations

precautions

The brain allows you to cope masterfully with youreveryday environment and is also capable ofproducing breathtaking athletic feats and ----scientific insights.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

hostile naive

obscure notorious

profound

Public health strategies regarding nutrition arebased largely on a biomedical model of diet thatrequires individual consumers to comply ---- withdietary advice.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

regretfully anxiously

voluntarily adversely

coincidentally

1.

2.

3.

Whatever your age and your circumstances are, thebest way to minimize any health risks is to ----healthy habits.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

adopt consume

withdraw relieve

illustrate

In a 'chemical reaction' operation, different chemicalelements ---- changes to one another to producenew compounds.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

call off bring about

put out turn over

throw away

More than 40 percent of men show signs ofbaldness between the ages of 20 and 49, but studieson genomes of this group have failed to ---- apotential cure.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

look up to run out of

do away with cut down on

come up with

4.

5.

6.

Diğer sayfaya geçiniz.1

2012-ÜDS Sonbahar/İNG-Sos.Bil.

The word ‘acupuncture’ ---- from a Dutch physician,William Ten Rhyne, who ---- in Japan during thelatter part of the 17th century.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

was originating / lived

originates / has been living

originated / had been living

had originated / could have lived

is originating / was living

In general, the political ideas of classical liberalism---- rapidly in the nations of Western Europe,whereas Eastern Europe ---- by autocraticmonarchies.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

advanced / was dominated

had advanced / has been dominated

advance / must be dominated

were advancing / is dominated

have advanced / could be dominated

The first known idea of the stars ---- to a sphere, orhemisphere, rotating around us ---- to Anaximenesof Miletus in the 6th century BC.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

to fix / had been attributed

being fixed / is attributed

fixing / has been attributed

to be fixed / will be attributed

having fixed / was attributed

7.

8.

9.

10. - 17. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlereuygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Recent research on the psychology of infants hasmade a compelling case ---- the view that newbornscome into the world already equipped ---- a lot ofinnate knowledge.

A) B) C)

E)D)

of / from towards / by on / through

for / with about / in

Dental Public Health is the non-clinical specialty ofpreventing and controlling dental diseases,delivered ---- a target population or a community ---- a regional or national basis.

A) B) C)

E)D)

with / at in / over to / on

by / for from / through

None of the agricultural developments of the 20th

century is ---- more significance than the rapidadvance ---- the use of engines.

A) B) C)

E)D)

by / through with / at about / for

to / over of / in

10.

11.

12.



The introduction of the new ideas that led to theRenaissance in the late 15th century sparked achange of mindset ---- people began to look moretowards reason than faith to find answers.

A) B) C)

E)D)

unless in case whether

even if as

---- commonly associated with hot and dryenvironments, reptiles are found in a wide range ofhabitats and climates around the world.

A) B) C)

E)D)

Although Now that When

Since Just as

Many teenagers suffer from acne, which is triggeredby hormonal changes at puberty, ---- it usually clearsup as they reach their 20s.

A) B) C)

E)D)

thereby but if

because once

13.

14.

15.

Several studies have recently shown that, ----popular stereotypes, most grandparents do not wishto take on a parental role toward theirgrandchildren.

A) B)

C) D)

E)

by means of owing to

contrary to for the sake of

in addition to

Human beings will always be smart enough tomanipulate their environment ---- adapting to it.

A) B) C)

E)D)

because of in terms of in spite of

rather than such as

16.

17.



18. - 22. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya daifadeyi bulunuz.

The attempts, first by British warships and then troops,to force the Dardanelles in 1915 (18)---- one of the mostfascinating and controversial campaigns of World War I.The Allies hoped to pass through the Dardanelles, driveTurkey out of the war and provide assistance throughthe warm water ports of the Black Sea (19)---- ahard-pressed Russia. Winston Churchill insisted on war,(20)---- his senior naval colleagues objected. It was thefirst major amphibious operation in modern warfare,using aircraft and photography (21)---- radiocommunications and submarines. Its lessons, positiveas well as negative, (22)---- by the British planners forNormandy and even in the Falklands conflict of 1982.

A) B) C)

E)D)

intend surrender destroy

submit constitute

A) B) C)

E)D)

to upon within

about at

A) B) C)

E)D)

unless though moreover

since thus

18.

19.

20.

A) B) C)

E)D)

because of just as in terms of

along with in spite of

A) B)

C) D)

E)

are studied may be studied

were studied must be studied

have been studied

21.

22.



23. - 27. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya daifadeyi bulunuz.

Water recycling is reusing wastewater to save bothenergy and the environment. Landscape irrigation,cooling processes in oil refineries and dust control are(23)---- the most common non-potable (not for drinking)purposes. Recycled water can meet most waterdemands (24)---- it is adequately treated to ensure waterquality. In situations where people are overly (25)---- torecycled water, they are more likely to contractdiseases. However, no documented cases of humanhealth problems (26)---- contact with recycled waterhave been reported. As such, demand for recycledwater is increasing very rapidly, and with no doubt, it(27)---- many recycling projects across the world infollowing decades.

A) B) C)

E)D)

upon over with

about among

A) B) C)

E)D)

so that as long as even though

as if whereas

A) B) C)

E)D)

exposed objected devoted

sentenced entitled

23.

24.

25.

A) B) C)

E)D)

as well as rather than as opposed to

instead of due to

A) B)

C) D)

E)

has been prompting is prompting

will be prompting was prompting

had been prompting

26.

27.



28. - 37. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekildetamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

No matter which approach scientists use to developvaccines, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

some diseases respond perfectly well to earlytreatment

more and more infants are being vaccinated againstmeasles throughout the world

the vaccine against yellow fever is one of the mosteffective ever produced

they must start by conducting basic research on arange of experimental formulas

vaccines are also recommended for those who arefood handlers or international travellers

Although creativity has long been considered a giftof a select minority, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

psychologists are now revealing its seeds in mentalprocesses that all of us undergo such asdecision-making

journalists in particular can come up with effectivetechniques that break down people’s establishedviewpoints

idea generation is indeed the first important stage oforiginality, which helps in the workplace a lot

the contributions of creative thought can directlytranslate into career advancement as well asfinancial rewards

researchers have recently discovered the mysteriesof exceptional creativity exhibited by the artists of theAge of Enlightenment

Once the immune system has weakened, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

it is not clear why some people get recurringinfections

a virus can overcome the body’s primary defencesand cause colds and flu

antibiotics will only be suggested if there is anotherbacterial infection

taking painkillers will probably ease the earlysymptoms of the disease

one can use menthol products to help clear a runnynose

28.

29.

30.

If galaxies pass near each other or converge, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

they would have surely caused a great cosmiccollision

the proximity between them is not always stable dueto movements in space

the process was usually accompanied by otherphenomena

they can be reshaped by each other’s gravitationalforces

the Milky Way Galaxy has existed for millions oflight-years

When asked who they really are, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

many ideas about the mind are derived fromscholastic principles

contemporary philosophers see people as theembodiment of their minds

most people will try to describe their behaviouralcharacteristics or ways of thinking

it might be thought that self-esteem is totallyresponsible for one’s rational decisions

the soul is defined as the cognitive and immortal selfof a person by psychologists

Eczema is an allergic skin reaction to a wide rangeof external and internal irritants, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

whether fish oil is an effective therapy for thiscondition requires more research

although studies show that ill people suffer fromhigher levels of anxiety

however it can be difficult to identify the exact causein some cases

whereas it commonly appears on the hands, arms,elbows and knees

if patients are encouraged to learn how to resist theurge to scratch

31.

32.

33.



----, Pythagoras developed both scientific andeccentric theories about the physical universe.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Even if new inventions had replaced the tools thatwere used in prehistoric times

Since he was favoured neither by the public nor byany influential government authorities

Despite having computed the distance between theSun and the Moon

Because Greece was threatened by an invadingarmy

In addition to figuring out useful things related totriangles

Stress and worry are common triggers for insomnia,----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

if it contributes to daytime tiredness which could beresponsible for accidents

thus people who are struggling with difficult issuesare particularly vulnerable to it

while attempts to restore a normal sleep patternthrough exercise may fail

as sufferers try to follow a routine by going to sleepand getting up at the same time

but it is doubtless that it affects many children andtheir parents as well

----, there are some species of tortoises that haveprobably never encountered any open bodies ofwater in their lifetimes.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Even though most of them live both on land and inwater

Since our planet hosts many land animals withdiffering characteristics

Just as crocodilians lay eggs in nests near the water

Whereas deep-sea fish live in a world with no lightwhatsoever

When it is difficult to distinguish seals from sea lions

34.

35.

36.

Many scientists maintain that susceptibility toautism is inherited, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

as certain autistic individuals display incredibletalents in very specific domains

whether there is a connection between the illnessand newly discovered class of nerve cells

so an autistic child prefers to be alone and resistschange

whereas environmental risk factors also seem toplay a role in the development of the disease

once physicians have developed better ways todiagnose and successfully treat the disorder

37.



38. - 41. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleyeanlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleyeanlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

Specialists suggest that patients who complainabout joint pains stemming from calcificationshould take short walks regularly or apply toalternative medicine methods like hydrotherapy.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Uzmanlar, planlı bir şekilde kısa yürüyüşleryapmanın veya su tedavisi gibi alternatif tıpyöntemlerine başvurmanın, hastaların kireçlenmeyüzünden yakındıkları eklem ağrılarını ortadankaldırdığını dile getiriyor.

Uzmanlar, hastalar kireçlenmenin yol açtığı eklemağrılarından yakındıklarında onlara sık sık kısayürüyüşler yapmalarını veya su tedavisi gibialternatif tıp yöntemlerine başvurmalarını tavsiyeediyor.

Uzmanların, kireçlenmenin neden olduğu eklemağrılarından yakınan hastalara tavsiye ettikleri şey,belirli aralıklarla kısa yürüyüşler yapmaları veya sutedavisi gibi alternatif tıp yöntemlerinebaşvurmalarıdır.

Uzmanlar, kireçlenmeden dolayı eklem ağrıları olanhastalara, bu ağrılardan daha fazla yakınmamalarıiçin sık sık kısa yürüyüşler yapmalarını veya sutedavisi gibi alternatif tıp yöntemlerinebaşvurmalarını tavsiye ediyor.

Uzmanlar, kireçlenmeden kaynaklanan eklemağrılarından yakınan hastalara, düzenli olarak kısayürüyüşler yapmalarını veya su tedavisi gibialternatif tıp yöntemlerine başvurmalarını tavsiyeediyor.

38.

While laptops are mostly used for personalactivities, large computers are used by corporationsand government agencies as central computers thatcan be simultaneously accessed by many users.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Dizüstü bilgisayarlar çoğunlukla kişisel uğraşlar içinkullanılmasına rağmen, büyük bilgisayarlar gibi aynıanda birçok kullanıcı tarafından erişilen merkezîbilgisayarlar olarak şirketler ve resmî dairelertarafından da kullanılabilir.

Dizüstü bilgisayarlar çoğunlukla kişisel faaliyetler içinkullanılırken, büyük bilgisayarlar, birçok kullanıcınıneş zamanda ulaşabildiği merkezî bilgisayarlar olarakşirketler ve resmî daireler tarafından kullanılır.

Büyük bilgisayarlar genellikle şirketler ve resmîdairelerde birçok kişinin aynı anda ulaşabildiğimerkezî bilgisayarlar olarak kullanılır, dizüstübilgisayarlar ise daha çok kişisel faaliyetler için tercihedilmektedir.

Dizüstü bilgisayarlar kişisel kullanımlar içintasarlanmış olsa da şirketlerde ve resmî dairelerdebirçok kullanıcının aynı anda erişebildiği merkezîbilgisayarlar olarak da çalışabilir.

Dizüstü bilgisayarları büyük bilgisayarlardan ayıranözellik, hem kişisel işler için hem de şirketler vedevlet daireleri tarafından aynı zamanda birçokkullanıcının erişebildiği merkezî bilgisayarlar olarakkullanılabilmeleridir.

39.



Batı’yla karşılaştırıldığında Asya ülkeleri, yaşlı vehasta akrabalara ailenin bakacağı varsayımınadayanarak emekli maaşlarına ve sosyal güvenliksistemlerine daha az yatırım yapmıştır.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Thinking that the family will look after their elderlyand ill relatives, Asian countries have hardly madeinvestment in pensions and social security systems,compared with the West.

When compared with the West, Asian countrieshave invested less in pensions and social securitysystems, but they believe the family will look afterthe old and ill relatives.

Asian countries, compared with the West, haveinvested less in pensions and social securitysystems, on the assumption that the family will lookafter the elderly and ill relatives.

In comparison with the West, Asian countriesassume that the family will look after the elderly andill relatives, thus they invest less in pensions andsocial security systems.

As Asian countries, unlike the West, think that thefamily will be able to look after the old and illrelatives, they invest less in pensions and socialsecurity systems.

40. Vücudun kendini önemli ölçüde yenilemesinisağlayan öğle uykusu, özellikle Arjantin ve Filipinlergibi sıcak ülkelerde uygulanan yaygın bir gelenektir.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

In hot countries like Argentina and the Philippines,siesta is a common tradition which is particularlypractised in order to help the body renew itselfremarkably.

Generally practised in hot countries like Argentinaand the Philippines, siesta is a popular tradition thathelps the body renew itself with ease.

Siesta helps the body renew itself substantially, andit is a common tradition mostly practised in hotcountries such as Argentina and the Philippines.

Siesta, which helps the body renew itselfconsiderably, is a widespread tradition especiallypractised in hot countries such as Argentina and thePhilippines.

In addition to being a widespread tradition mainlypractised in hot countries like Argentina and thePhilippines, siesta helps the body renew itself to agreat extent.

41.



42. - 45. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya görecevaplayınız.

Although Aeschylus is considered to be the first greatinnovator of Western drama, it is sometimes difficult tojudge the full extent of the innovations he introduced,since no plays by his predecessor, Thespis, have beenpreserved. What we know about Greek drama beforeAeschylus suggests that it had developed gradually outof choral lyrics, occasionally interrupted by shortdialogues between the chorus and a single speaker orsinger representing an individual character. Aeschylustook the decisive step of introducing a second actor,thus enabling for the first time a dialogue or conflictbetween two individuals to take place on the stage andin front of an audience. The innovations made possibleby Aeschylus’s introduction of a second character arevery significant. In addition, an actor could leave thestage and reappear in the guise of another character,thus permitting an increase in the overall number ofpersons represented. In his later plays, Aeschylus usedthree actors, allowing him to feature a large number ofcharacters, as in The Libation Bearers, the second playof the Oresteia trilogy.

According to the passage, it is difficult to grasp theimportance of Aeschylus’s innovations, because ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

he, as his successor, parodied Thespis’s elevatedstyle

they are believed to have come into being ratherquickly

the plays of his antecedents have not been retained

his surviving trilogy was singled out in terms of itscontent

his plays expressed the confidence and authority ofan emerging empire

As indicated in the passage, prior to Aeschylus,drama ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

had choral lyrics in which short dialogues betweenchorus and characters intervened

primarily focused on the conflicts between differentcharacters

was dominated by long and continuous choral lyrics

had been specifically performed for the audience

was confined to a single character represented by aspeaker or a singer

42.

43.



It is understood from the passage that ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Aeschylus’s dramatic poetry is hard to comprehend,as he depicted sophisticated characters

the audience of the time objected to the idea that asecond actor caused chaos on stage

Aeschylus was inspired by Thespis in his attempts tointroduce a second character into his plays

with Aeschylus’s initiation, a conversation or a clashwas realized by the acts of two actors on stage

most Greek tragedies had at least three actors onstage or in the chorus

44. It is clearly stated in the passage that ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Aeschylus’s last play, Oresteia, was a trilogy wherenumerous kinds of legends were expressed

in order to raise the number of characters on stage,performers in Aeschylus’s plays changed costumesand played other parts

a heroic image was depicted throughout the plays bythe actors representing different characters

developments in drama brought by Aeschylus hadbeen controversial for a long time

Aeschylus was a man of the stage who even actedin his own plays in disguise with other actors

45.




Outside forces have played a major part in the birth anddevelopment of Middle Eastern states as well as inshaping the environment in which these states haveoperated. Since Napoleon’s intervention in Egypt in thelate 18th century, European powers have been animportant part of the Middle East’s make-up – itspolitics, socio-economic development and externalorientation. It was the European powers who tookcontrol of significant areas of the region from the 19th

century, and they gave rise to the downfall of theOttoman Empire and shared its spoils in the early 20th

century. It was the same set of European powers thatformed new states from territories under their control.But in the second half of the 20th century, the nature ofoutside intervention changed somewhat. As apenetrated regional system, the Middle East, for all itsactive internal dynamics (nationalism, the Arab-IsraeliWar, etc.), was by the 1950s subject to the influence ofstrategically-driven calculations made by the world’s twosuperpowers: the US and the USSR. The superpowers’calculations not only directly affected politics of theregion, but also the environment where the local forceswere taking shape. For over a generation, the Cold Warbetween superpowers was the framework of the MiddleEast’s regional system, from North Africa in the west tothe borders of the Soviet Caucasus and Central Asia.

During the second half of the 20th century, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

the Cold War between superpowers forced theMiddle Eastern countries to rethink their calculations

active internal dynamics in the Middle East shapedthe region’s prospects

the two superpowers began to take activeinvolvement in the Middle East

local forces in the Middle East were against thedominance of two superpowers

the Middle East was a completely different regionfrom the Soviet Caucasus and Central Asia

The author’s attitude towards the developments inthe Middle East is ----.

A) B) C)

E)D)

supportive realistic sarcastic

modest satirizing

46.

47.



One can understand from the passage that theEuropean powers disintegrated the Ottoman Empireso that they could ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

accelerate the political and economic developmentsin the Middle East

continue the conquests of Napoleon in Egypt

liberate Egypt from the Ottoman domination

benefit economically and extend their politicalinfluence

respond to the call of local people for independence

48. It can be inferred from the passage that the fate ofthe Middle Eastern states ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

was decided first by the European powers and thenthe two superpowers

depended exclusively on the policies of imperialEuropean powers of the time

was directly linked to the survival of the OttomanEmpire that controlled the region

was similar in many ways to the states in NorthAfrica and the Central Asia

was in the hands of their elected rulers for centuries

49.




Recent research suggests that not only can childrendifferentiate between two languages at an early age, butalso show cognitive benefits from being exposed to asecond language starting as early as infancy. In a studyin 2009 of ‘crib bilinguals’, cognitive psychologistsAgnes Kovács and Jacques Mehler used a visual test tomeasure cognitive flexibility in preverbalseven-month-olds. Kovács and Mehler wanted to seehow quickly the infants could adapt to changing rules.They taught the infants a pattern consisting ofspeech-like sounds. At the end of the sequence, avisual reward in the form of a puppet would appear inone part of a computer screen. The infants wereexpected to learn that a given sound pattern predicatedthe appearance of the puppet in that location. Bothbilingual and monolingual infants showed that theyassociated the sound sequence with the puppet’slocation equally well by looking in the right place for thepuppet to appear. But when Kovács and Mehlermodified the sequence – and moved the puppet – thebilingual infants adjusted, switching their anticipatorygaze to the new location. The monolingual infants,however, continued to look for the puppet in the originallocation.

One can conclude from the passage that bilingualchildren ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

are likely to make more verbal mistakes and delaythe full acquisition process because of interferencebetween two languages

can differentiate between two languages they areexposed to at an early age, but their cognitiveabilities remain indistinguishable from monolinguals

not only develop the same patterns of cognitiveflexibility as monolinguals do, but they also respondto verbal stimuli equally well

innately show more creativity than their monolingualpeers do, indicating a superior ability to graspabstract concepts

are capable of both distinguishing between twolanguages and developing cognitive flexibility at anearly age

It is obvious from the passage that Kovács andMehler wanted to ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

demonstrate the role of visual and non-visualrewards in children’s language development

prove monolingual infants complete their cognitivedevelopment later than bilinguals

find out whether bilingual and monolingual infantsdiffer in their cognitive abilities

show the role of computers in the acquisition ofdistinct sound patterns in bilinguals

explore the sound-learning strategies of themonolingual infants

50.

51.



Kovács and Mehler’s research reveals that bothmonolingual and bilingual infants ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

predict how modified sequences of speech-likesounds match with moved objects

fail to associate the sound sequence with thelocation of the object on the screen

confirm the hypothesis that the brain is preset foronly one language

guess the appearance of the puppet in a givenlocation upon a particular sound pattern

have equally sophisticated modes of thinking in thepreverbal stage of language acquisition

52. It is understood from the passage that ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

many scientists make use of visual tests to measurethe cognitive capacity of bilingual children

monolinguals were unable to guess where thepuppet would appear when a sound pattern wasgiven for the first time

growing up bilingually led to verbal delays aspsychologists demonstrate today

only bilingual infants adapted to the modified soundsequence and the relocated puppet

bilingual children’s adaptation to changing rules wassimilar to that of monolinguals

53.




A credit rating agency measures credit worthiness ofinstitutions from companies to governments andassesses their ability to pay back a loan. The top threecredit rating agencies are Standard and Poor’s (S&P),Fitch Ratings and Moody’s. Each rating agency hasdeveloped its own rating system. Fitch Ratingsdeveloped its system in 1924, which was later adoptedby S&P. Both use a system of letter sliding from the bestrating ‘AAA’ to the lowest ‘D’ for borrowers alreadydefaulting on payments. In detail, ‘AAA’ represents thebest quality borrowers that are reliable and stablewithout any foreseeable risk to future payments, while‘D’ means the institution has defaulted on paymentobligations, having failed to pay back the loans – S&Pand Fitch Ratings assert it will keep on doing so.Moody’s follows a different rating system. It argues thattheir ratings have a superior approach that considersnot only the likelihood of default, but also the severity ofthe default. In addition, S&P and Fitch Ratings are onlyinterested in how likely a borrower is to default, whereasMoody’s cares how long the default is likely to last. Mostimportantly, S&P does not care what the recovery valuewill be – the amount of money that the lender will end upwith after the borrower has defaulted. Moody’s, bycontrast, tries to figure out the expected losses, whichmakes it more preferable.

It is implied in the passage that ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

an institution will not be able to take any more loansif it has been downgraded by Moody’s

credit ratings provided by agencies determine thefinancial strength of institutions to meet thepayments

the top three rating agencies have shaped theirrating systems in cooperation with each other

S&P was the first rating agency to effectively use therating system of letter sliding from ‘AAA’ to ‘D’

no rating agencies apart from the top three are ableto provide accurate credit ratings to institutions

One point that differentiates Moody’s from othercredit rating agencies is that it ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

puts more emphasis on the probability of defaultthan what will happen when a default occurs

assigns credit ratings to institutions that havealready defaulted on payments

gives an opinion about whether an institution has areliable credit quality or if it is subject to default

measures both how likely it is that there might be adefault and the ability of the borrower to return to‘AAA’ status

is concerned with the time the institution is likely toremain in default

54.

55.




A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

the grade of an institution is not lowered if the defaultis temporary and will be resolved soon

companies are more prone to default whencompared to governments

borrowers turn to Moody’s if S&P and Fitch Ratingscannot agree with their credit grades

high grades do not guarantee that the institution isnot vulnerable to default on payments

an institution is expected to default over the longterm if it has ‘D’ grade in the rating system of S&Pand Fitch Ratings

56. It is stated in the passage that ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

the amount of money that can be refunded after adefault increases if an institution has a high grade inS&P’s rating system

S&P has been going beyond just rating institutionson the basis of how likely they are to default

payment obligations are considered to beextraneous when Moody’s is trying to estimate thepossible losses

Moody’s seems to be more advantageous, as ittakes into account how much could be suffered aftera default

how long a default will last can be partially calculatedby detecting the recovery value

57.




Today, the European Union is home to more than 20million immigrants, who represent about 4 percent of thetotal EU population and make valuable contributions toEuropean society. These new arrivals fill gaps in thelabour market that EU workers cannot or do not wish tofill, helping to address the demographic decline inEurope’s working age population. Properly managed,immigration can help contribute to the EU’s long-termeconomic development and competitiveness. At thesame time, ensuring the security and prosperity of theEU population remains vital. The key is to streamlineand simplify the legal immigration process, enforcemeasures against illegal immigrants, secure the externalborders and support the Member States’ efforts topromote the integration of immigrants so they becomefull participants in EU society. One of the EU’s moreremarkable achievements is the creation of its singlemarket, where people, goods, services and capital movefreely throughout the 27 EU Member States. The flipside of this free movement, however, is that the reducedinternal border controls necessitate strengthenedexternal borders. Each border state bears a particularresponsibility for defending its portion of the EU’sborders and with it, the security of the entire EU.

According to the passage, immigrants in the EU arecrucial as they ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

do the jobs that inhabitants are reluctant to perform

contribute to the increase of the overall population

help to increase the competition among othercountries

culturally integrate themselves to the country theyare working in

obediently fulfill all the tasks they are required to do

According to the passage, ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

local workers in EU countries are better educatedand thus more competent than the immigrants

in the long run, immigrants may contribute to themanagement of financial problems of the EU

the problem of the work gap in EU countries cannever be totally overcome

working conditions of the immigrants in the EU areworse than in their home countries

the free movement of people and goods throughoutMember States is hindered by strong internalborders

58.

59.



One of the key points stated in the passage is that----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

the immigrants should be securely placed in thecities near the external borders

integration of the immigrants is not the concern ofMember States

prevention of excessive immigration can best bepractised by changing the immigration rules

EU countries should restrict the number ofimmigrants to avoid a rapid increase in thepopulation

the EU population can be secured by takingmeasures against unlawful immigration

60. It is stated in the passage that ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

using the same currency within Member States leadsto a powerful EU economy

internal borders should be controlled as extensivelyas the external ones

sharing a single market among EU countries doesnot necessitate a stronger control over the borders

decreased control over the internal borders mayrequire stricter management of external borders

Member States should frame their immigrationprocesses themselves regarding theirsocio-economic backgrounds

61.




Humans are preoccupied with vitality; that is, a concernwith the generation, transmission, continuation andprotection of life itself. The obvious social tie formedaround this preoccupation is the family. However,numerous individual families of a nation understandthemselves to be just that; thus, the continuation of thenation into the future is regarded as entailing thecontinuation of the families into the future.Anthropological studies reveal that humans have alwaysformed not only families, but also larger groups of whichfamilies are a part. Parents transmit to their ownoffspring not only their flesh and blood – geneticproperties in a broader term – but also their culturalinheritance; the language, traditions, customs and soforth – of the larger group, of the nation. This culturalinheritance is usually viewed by the parents as beingquite precious to their existence. This intergenerationaltransmission of one’s culture may be part of the reasonfor the tendency to view the nation as a form of kinship,because what is being transmitted is a part of one’s selfto one’s descendants.


A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

cultural inheritance of a nation lies mainly in itshistorical background

larger groups are more effective than families whiletransmitting culture to a new generation

a combination of factors compels people to formgroups of families and preserve their principles

anthropologists’ efforts to explore into the formationof ancient families are worth praising

cultural properties of a nation will still be conveyeddespite structural changes in the family

It can be inferred from the passage that ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

preoccupation with vitality is no longer a relevantconcept in the contemporary world

it is not cultural inheritance, but genetic propertiesthat make people a nation

transmission of genetic properties is considered tobe the most important task of a family

the majority of people ignore the importance ofkinship to form a nation

the way we think or behave is associated with whatwe have inherited from our parents

62.

63.



One can conclude from the passage that ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

family is an inseparable part of a nation as itcontributes greatly to its sustainment

parents tend to have difficulty in conveying theircultural characteristics to children

anthropological studies ignore the role of the familyin nation formation

one’s genetic properties hardly have an influence ondeveloping his or her cultural traits

families may not remain as transmitters of physicaltraits in the future

64. The passage is mainly about the ----.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

effects of cultural differences in the transmission ofcustoms and traditions

human nature that needs to regenerate continuallyfor both biological and social reasons

superiority of the older generation over the new inmaintaining strong family relationships

improvement of the understanding of being a familyand a nation in general

historical and cultural aspects of the relationbetween family and individuals

65.



66. - 70. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boşbırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyibulunuz.

Andrew: While surfing on the Internet, I found an article

claiming that national anthems were being usedby ancient people in primitive times.

Madeline: What may have caused them to do so?

Andrew: It says they primarily played them to threaten and

deter their enemies.

Madeline: ----

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Actually, most of them mention the geographicalproperties of a country.

So, anthems written in hard times of a nation soundlike one another.

Yet, they’re more commonly used in nationalfestivals and sports events in our time.

Undoubtedly, poets who wrote them should be veryproud of themselves.

Well, I know there are anthems that don’t have anylyrics and are purely instrumental.

66.

Pelin: Although the Great Mosque and Hospital of

Divriği is on the World Heritage List, it doesn’t getthe attention it deserves by the media.

Cansu: What do you think they can do to increase its

recognition both across the country and in theworld?

Pelin: ----

Cansu: I’m sure those ideas would create a great

influence.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

TV programmers could choose to feature the placein their most-watched programs and the newspaperscould mention it.

I don’t expect any help from them, because they’regenerally interested in doing contests foramusement.

I think documentaries about historical places arevery boring, that’s why nobody wants to watch them.

In our modern world, people who work for hoursdon’t have enough time to watch TV or readnewspapers regularly to be aware of such facts.

If I were a famous singer or an actress, I would visitthere and thus everybody would hear about it thanksto me.

67.



Nicole: According to a study, almost half of the world’s

billionaires live in the US.

Claudia: ----

Nicole: That’s true, but it doesn’t mean the whole

populace of the country is rich and prosperous.

Claudia: Yes, we cannot disregard the homeless and needy

people who reside in the streets.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

I know. On the other hand, Nigeria with a loweconomic activity has the poorest citizens.

That didn’t surprise me at all, as the financial centreof the world is located there.

I bet Bill Gates is one of them with an enormousincome that he gained with the help of his genius.

Thus, the national debt of the US surpassed10-trillion dollars, bringing the country into thelargest national debt in 2008.

That’s why people argue about whether globalizationhas eradicated borders and cultural differences.

68. Mike: I’ve read an interesting article saying that

recounting an experience may enhance ourunderstanding of it, which then dulls our opinionof the incident.

Elena: That sounds interesting indeed. I can’t seem to

think of any examples, though. Can you?

Mike: ----

Elena: Excellent! This pretty much sums it up for me.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Of course. Suppose you visualize in your mind thatyou’re getting a promotion. You’re improving yourchances of getting it by doing so.

For instance, if you avoid thinking about your lastfailure, you’re more likely to leave your badmemories behind.

Let’s say you use different routes every day whiledriving home. This will make you better at givingdirections to it.

If you keep dwelling on past experiences, forexample, you can’t enjoy the moment.

Well, describing how good a cupcake tastes couldmake you enjoy it less.

69.



Altan: Why do critics have to be so harsh and rigid when

they write reviews on newly-released books andmovies?

Kerem: ----

Altan: That’s what I wanted to say. They influence other

people about what to do and make themprejudiced.

Kerem: We need to remember that it’s all a matter of

personal taste. No two people get the exact samepleasure from a given book or movie.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

They use their own preferences and biases to affectreaders and audiences.

Most of them are living without any contact withsociety, so how could they know what people like ingeneral?

You’re right. It takes a special kind of personality tobe so frank and open.

Literature needs this kind of encouragement, but themovie sector can stand on its own without critics.

This not only lowers the productivity of authors andscriptwriters, but also contributes to disappointmentand even mild depression.

70. 71. - 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçadaanlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecekcümleyi bulunuz.

While identifying the right behaviours forreinforcement, even managers who use positivereinforcement can get into trouble if they are notcareful to identify the right behaviours to reinforce.---- First, it is crucial for managers to choosebehaviours over which subordinates have control;in other words, subordinates must have the freedomand opportunity to perform the behaviours that arebeing reinforced. Second, these should provideorganizational effectiveness.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

The managers sometimes stop acting interested inthe non-work-related conversations.

No one likes being criticized or threatened in front ofother people.

People avoid performing behaviours that lead tooutcomes they do not desire.

Doing this is not always as straightforward as itmight seem.

Punishment can have some unintended side effectssuch as loss of self-respect.

71.



It is not exactly known when the practice of readingthe future in coffee grinds began. But since the urgeto decipher the brown marks left by or in the grindsseems so natural, such practices are probably asold as coffee drinking itself. In fact, Turkish coffee,whose method of preparation leads to grinds in thecup, readily lends itself to fortune-telling throughexplaining the shapes left by the grinds. ---- Peoplewould turn their cups over on their saucers to let thegrinds slide along the sides of the cup, leavingshapes and patterns that can be described.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

In the 19th century, this particular kind of coffeereading or divination by coffee grinds became quitepopular.

The first stage in the spread of coffee throughout theworld was its crossing of the Red Sea, havingtravelled from its native Ethiopia and Yemen.

Traditional fortune-tellers vary in methodology,generally using techniques long established in theircultures and thus meeting the cultural expectationsof their clients.

For example, a cross would mean that one shouldlook after his health; flames, that one should nottrust his initial impressions.

Of course, no artificial coffee flavouring is any matchfor the real thing like Arabica beans which are grownin Jamaica and Colombia.

72. A television rating is simply the number ofhouseholds tuned into a particular televisionprogram at a given point in time. Advertisersespecially rely on ratings information to increase theeffectiveness of television advertising. When theywant a commercial to reach an audience, they needto place it in TV programs that deliver a greatnumber of viewers. The more audience a programdelivers, the more the commercial time is worth toadvertisers. ----

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Furthermore, the ratings are calculated by gatheringa sample of households that represent the totaltelevision-viewing population and monitoring theirviewing behaviours.

If an advertiser spends millions running ads during aprogram that does not meet its expectations, it wouldbe economically wise to reconsider its placement inthat time slot.

For example, most TV stations broadcast news,shows or series during primetime, as they canachieve a higher viewership than other programs,and they are always high-rated.

In fact, advertisements can be harmful for theyounger population, who spend hours in front of theTV screen and are exposed to aggressiveadvertising in between popular shows.

Although user habits are rapidly changing, televisionhas long been considered the most effectivemass-market advertising medium and the ultimateplatform for targeted advertising.

73.



Literature, whether sacred or secular, is the result ofindividual and collective genius. Shakespeare was a‘dramatic God’, a maker of worlds, but he could notbe detached from the English culture that hadformed him and which he then helped to form.Imitating the literary models of other countries doesnot contribute to the formation of a nationalliterature. ---- Johann Wolfgang Goethe was the manwho was capable of that task.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

The conflict between the literature of the old and thatof the young, it seems, will exist for more thananother one hundred years.

Cervantes, Balzac, and even Dostoyevsky, ratherthan national, were universal writers who attractedmany people throughout the world.

Germany, in order to develop a national literature,had to identify and draw on its own resources.

The race between the English and the German forthe formation of the best civilization was also felt inliterature.

The printing press naturally accelerated theproliferation of the national literature in Germany.

Many instructors believe that learning depends onthe teacher. The teacher-centred model of educationplaces all of the responsibility for deciding what istaught and how it is taught on the instructor. Thismodel views teachers as active participants in theeducational process and learners as passiverecipients of knowledge. ---- The ultimate aim is toproduce educated learners, and teaching is a meansto this end. With this view, teachers should placeless emphasis on what they know and more on whatlearners bring to the educational encounter.

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Current educational theory, however, argues for alearner-centred rather than a teacher-centredapproach.

There is a natural tendency among instructors toteach others in the way they were taught before.

Educators must develop a complete understandingof what goes on in the mind of the learner to improvethe quality of education.

The discipline of most colleges and universities isgenerally framed for the ease of the masters, not forthe benefit of the students.

If learning environments become better adapted tothe needs of learners, they will emerge with agreater degree of useful connected knowledge.

74.

75.

76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozancümleyi bulunuz.

(I) Lakes have obviously played an important role in thehistorical development of communities, and modern lifeis dependent on the purification facilities and agriculturalbenefits that lakes provide. (II) As renewable energybecomes increasingly important in the 21st century, sodo lakes and the possibilities of hydroelectric power thatthey present. (III) Major threats to the longevity of lakefertility are pollution, drainage and faultywater-management practices. (IV) Economically, lakesplay an integral part in the development of majorwaterways and travel routes. (V) Fishing andaquaculture, and the jobs their industry represents, arealso principle benefits of living in a lake community.

A) B) C) D) E)I II III IV V

(I) The European Court of Human Rights is aninternational court set up in 1959. (II) It rules onindividual or state applications alleging violations of thecivil and political rights set out in the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights. (III) Since its foundation,the Court has delivered more than 10,000 judgements.(IV) The Convention, which was signed on 4th November1950 in Rome, entered into force in 1953. (V) Some ofthem have led governments to alter their legislation andadministrative practice in a wide range of areas.


(I) For the first time since the 1920s, US cities aregrowing faster than suburbs. (II) Historically, suburbangrowth has been fuelled by young urban families leavingthe city. (III) But in the tough economy, young adults areopting to stay in city rentals rather than purchasesuburban homes. (IV) Meanwhile, the normal influx ofjob-seeking graduates continues – youths keep movingin, but nobody is moving out. (V) In fact, the ‘gardensuburb’ tradition has recently come to dominate suchpopulous cities as New Orleans and San Francisco.


76.

77.

78.



(I) In comparison to Britain, industrialization in otherregions of Europe took much longer to get started.(II) The Industrial Revolution was a transition from theworld of hand-made products to a factory system basedon machine-made products. (III) With the exception ofBelgium, which began to industrialize in 1806,industrialization on the British model started after 1830.(IV) It needed the combination of several factors for theIndustrial Revolution in Britain at all. (V) Investments innew commercial enterprises, a large available workforceand active markets encouraged industrialization inBritain almost a century before the rest of Europe.


(I) The extraordinary rise of solitary living is the biggestsocial change that many sociologists neglected toidentify. (II) ‘Going solo’ started out and was mostcommon among male migrant workers, and it wasusually a short-lived stage on the road to a moreconventional domestic life. (III) A recent study hasrevealed that people who live alone make up a greatmajority, and they are tied with childless couples as themost common residential type. (IV) However, there islittle evidence that the rise of living alone is makingmore people lonely. (V) It is also more common than thenuclear family and staying with a roommate.


79.

80.

TEST BİTTİ.

CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ.27

SINAVDA UYULACAK KURALLAR

Bu testlerin her hakkı saklıdır. Hangi amaçla olursa olsun, testlerin tamamının veya bir kısmının Merkezimizin yazılı izni olmadan kopya edilmesi, fotoğrafının çekilmesi, herhangi bir yolla çoğaltılması, yayımlanması ya da kullanılması yasaktır. Bu yasağa uymayanlar gerekli cezai sorumluluğu ve testlerin hazırlanmasındaki mali külfeti peşinen kabullenmiş sayılır.

1. Cep telefonu ile sınava girmek kesinlikle yasaktır. Çağrı cihazı, telsiz, fotoğraf makinesi vb. araçlarla; cep bilgi-sayarı, kol ya da cep saati gibi her türlü bilgisayar özelliği bulunan cihazlarla; silah ve benzeri teçhizatla; müsved-de kâğıdı, defter, kitap, sözlük, sözlük işlevi olan elektronik aygıt, hesap cetveli, hesap makinesi, pergel, açıölçer, cetvel vb. araçlarla sınava girmek kesinlikle yasaktır. Bu araçlarla sınava girmiş adayların adı mutlaka Salon Sınav Tutanağına yazılacak, bu adayların sınavı geçersiz sayılacaktır. Sınava kalem, silgi, kalemtıraş, saat vb. araçla ve kulaklık, küpe, broş vb. takı, herhangi bir metal eşya ile girmek de kesinlikle yasaktır. Yiyecek, içecek vb. tüketim malzemeleri de sınava getirilemez. Adaylar sınava şeffaf şişe içerisinde su getirebilecektir.

2. Bu sınav için verilen toplam cevaplama süresi 180 dakikadır. Sınav başladıktan sonra ilk 135 ve son 15 dakika içinde adayın sınavdan çıkmasına kesinlikle izin verilmeyecektir. Bu süreler dışında, cevaplamayı sınav bitmeden ta-mamlarsanız cevap kâğıdınızı ve soru kitapçığınızı salon görevlilerine teslim ederek salonu terk edebilirsiniz.

3. Sınav salonundan ayrılan aday, her ne sebeple olursa olsun, tekrar sınava alınmayacaktır.4. Sınav süresince görevlilerle konuşmak, görevlilere soru sormak yasaktır. Aynı şekilde görevlilerin de adaylarla ya-

kından ve alçak sesle konuşmaları ayrıca adayların birbirinden kalem, silgi vb. şeyleri istemeleri kesinlikle yasaktır.5. Sınav sırasında, görevlilerin her türlü uyarısına uymak zorundasınız. Sınavınızın geçerli sayılması, her şeyden önce,

sınav kurallarına uymanıza bağlıdır. Kurallara aykırı davranışta bulunanların ve yapılacak uyarılara uymayanların kimlik bilgileri Salon Sınav Tutanağına yazılacak ve sınavları geçersiz sayılacaktır.

6. Sınav sırasında kopya çeken, çekmeye kalkışan, kopya veren, kopya çekilmesine yardım edenlerin kimlik bilgileri Salon Sınav Tutanağına yazılacak ve bu adayların sınavları geçersiz sayılacaktır. Görevliler kopya çekmeye ya da vermeye kalkışanları uyarmak zorunda değildir, sorumluluk size aittir.Adayların test sorularına verdikleri cevapların dağılımları bilgi işlem yöntemleriyle incelenecek, bu incelemelerden elde edilen bulgular bireysel ya da toplu olarak kopya çekildiğini gösterirse kopya eylemine katılan adayın/adayların cevaplarının bir kısmı ya da tamamı iptal edilecektir.Sınav görevlileri bir salondaki sınavın, kurallara uygun biçimde yapılmadığını, toplu kopya girişiminde bulunulduğu-nu raporlarında bildirdiği takdirde, ÖSYM takdir hakkını kullanarak bu salonda sınava giren tüm adayların sınavını geçersiz sayabilir.

7. Cevap kâğıdında doldurmanız gereken alanlar bulunmaktadır. Bu alanları doldurunuz. Cevap kâğıdınızı başkaları tarafından görülmeyecek şekilde tutmanız gerekmektedir. Cevap kâğıdına yazılacak her türlü yazıda ve yapılacak bütün işaretlemelerde salon görevlisinin atacağı imzalar hariç, kurşun kalem kullanılacaktır. Sınav süresi bittiğinde cevapların cevap kâğıdına işaretlenmiş olması gerekir. Soru kitapçığına işaretlenen cevaplar geçerli değildir.

8. Soru kitapçığınızı alır almaz kapağında bulunan ilgili alanlara kimlik bilgilerinizi yazınız. Sayfaların eksik olup olma-dığını, kitapçıkta basım hatalarının bulunup bulunmadığını ve soru kitapçığının her sayfasında basılı bulunan soru kitapçık numarasının, kitapçığın ön kapağında basılı soru kitapçık numarasıyla aynı olup olmadığını kontrol ediniz. Soru kitapçığınızın sayfası eksik ya da basımı hatalıysa değiştirilmesi için salon başkanına başvurunuz.Size verilen soru kitapçığının numarasını cevap kâğıdınızdaki “Soru Kitapçık Numarası” alanına yazınız ve kodlayınız. Cevap kâğıdınızdaki “Soru kitapçık numaramı doğru kodladım.” kutucuğunu işaretleyiniz.Soru kitapçığı üzerinde yer alan Soru Kitapçık Numarasını doğru kodladığınızı beyan eden alanı imzalayınız ve salon görevlisinin, kodlamanın doğru yapıldığını beyan eden hem soru kitapçığınızdaki hem de cevap kâğıdınızdaki ilgili alanı imzaladığından emin olunuz. Salon görevlisi imzasını tükenmez kalemle ve siz kod-lamayı yaptıktan sonra atmalıdır.

9. Sınav sonunda soru kitapçıkları toplanacak ve ÖSYM’de tek tek incelenecektir. Soru kitapçığının bir sayfası bile eksik çıkarsa sınavınız geçersiz sayılacaktır.

10. Cevap kâğıdına ve soru kitapçığına yazılması ve işaretlenmesi gereken bilgilerde bir eksiklik ve/veya yanlışlık olması hâlinde sınavınızın değerlendirilmesi mümkün olamamaktadır, sorumluluk size aittir.

11. Soru kitapçığının sayfalarındaki boş yerleri müsvedde için kullanabilirsiniz.12. Soruları ve/veya bu sorulara verdiğiniz cevapları ayrı bir kâğıda yazıp bu kâğıdı dışarı çıkarmanız kesinlikle yasaktır.13. Sınav salonundan ayrılmadan önce, soru kitapçığınızı ve cevap kâğıdınızı salon görevlilerine teslim etmeyi unutmayınız.

2012 – ÜNİVERSTELERARASI KURUL YABANCI DİL SINAVI (ÜDS) SONBAHAR DÖNEMİ

İNGİLİZCE

SOSYAL BİLİMLER TESTİ 7 EKİM 2012

1. D 21. D 41. D 61. D

2. E 22. C 42. C 62. C

3. C 23. E 43. E 63. E

4. A 24. B 44. D 64. A

5. B 25. A 45. B 65. B

6. E 26. E 46. C 66. C

7. C 27. C 47. B 67. A

8. A 28. D 48. D 68. B

9. B 29. A 49. A 69. E

10. D 30. B 50. E 70. A

11. C 31. D 51. C 71. D

12. E 32. C 52. D 72. A

13. E 33. C 53. D 73. B

14. A 34. E 54. B 74. C

15. B 35. B 55. E 75. A

16. C 36. A 56. E 76. C

17. D 37. D 57. D 77. D

18. E 38. E 58. A 78. E

19. A 39. B 59. B 79. B

20. B 40. C 60. E 80. D

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