temperature chem 332. temperature what is temperature? is it the same as heat? how do thermometers...
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Temperature
Chem 332
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Temperature
• What is temperature?• Is it the same as heat?• How do thermometers
work?
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Thermometers
• Bulb of mercury (usually) at the bottom of a glass tube
• Tube has marks at different heights
mercury
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Low & High Temperatures
At low temperatures the column of mercury is near the bottom
At high temperatures the column of mercury is near the top
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Why?
• What causes the mercury to go up or down?
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Phases of Matter
• The answer lies in what we already know about matter.
• Solids consist of particles that are barely moving and are locked into position.
• Liquids consist of particles that have more energy are no longer locked into position and are able to move freely around each other.
• Gases consist of particles that have so much energy they are able to break completely free from each other and move around freely within their container.
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Phases of matter
SOLID LIQUID GAS
Low energy. Particles barely moving
Medium energy. Particles moving more
High energy. Particles moving very fast
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So….
• The more we heat up a sample, the faster the atoms move.
• What kind of energy comes from particles that are moving?
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KINETIC ENERGY
• Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
• The faster the atoms move, the more energy they have and vice versa.
• What are these particles doing to the thermometer?
• They are colliding with it and giving it their energy.
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Kinetic Energy & Thermometers
• The more energy the particles have, the more energy they can give the thermometer bulb.
• The more energy the mercury in the bulb absorbs, the faster it’s own particles move.
• The faster it’s own particles move, the more they expand.
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So what does temperature measure?
• Temperature measures the kinetic energy of the particles in a sample.
• Basically, it measures how fast the particles are moving.
• The faster they are moving, the more energy they have.
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Does temperature measure TOTAL energy?
Notice both are at the same temperature but there are different amounts of water in each.
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No
• Temperature does not measure total energy.
• The mercury in the bulb has no “idea” how much total water there is in the sample.
• It’s just coming into contact with whatever is around it.
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Conclusion
• Temperature measures the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles in the sample.
• It does not conclude how many total particles there are, it just measures how much energy the particles it comes into contact with are giving it.