Head and Neck Temporal and Infratemporal regions

Part I

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Prof. Dr . Mohamed El Fiky Associate professor of anatomy and embryology

Temporal Fascia

Temporalis Muscle

Superficial Layer

Deep Layer

Temporal Fascia

Muscles of Mastication

Temporalis Muscle

Inserted into: The Tip,

The Anterior Border and

Medial Surface of

Coronoid Process

1- Temporalis Origin : 1- inf. Temporal line 2-Bone of temporal fossa 3- temporal fascia

Retraction of

The Mandible

Elevation of

The Mandible 1- Temporalis Action

Action : 1- elevation of the mandible 2- Retraction of the mandible

Deep Temporal Nerves

Nerve Supply of Temporalis Muscle

1- Skin

2- Superficial Fascia

3- Auricularis muscles (Anterior and Superior)

4- Temporal Fascia

Relations of Temporalis Muscle 1- Superficial Relations :

5- Superficial temporal vessels

7- Zygomatic arch

8- Masseter muscle

6- Auriculo-temporal Nerve

Relations of Temporalis Muscle 1- Superficial Relations :

Lateral Pterygoid muscle

Medial Pterygoid muscle

Buccinator

Temporal fossa Deep temporal vessels and nerve

Maxillary artery and Pterygoid plexus of veins

Buccal nerve and artery Temporalis

2- Deep Relations

Lateral Pterygoid

Buccinator

Temporalis

2- Deep Relations

Masseter

Superficial Head

Deep Head

Zygomatico-temporal Suture

Insertion of Superficial Head

Insertion of

Deep Head Protraction

Nerve to

Masseter

2- Masseter Origin, Insertion, Action and Nerve Supply

Origin : •  Lower border and inner surface of zygomatic arch Insertion : •  Lateral surface of ramus of mandible Action : •  Elevation of the mandible •  Protraction of the mandible

Vertical Plane

Zygomatic branch of facial nerve

Transverse facial artery

Parotid duct and

accessory parotid

Upper buccal branch of facial nerve

Lower buccal branch of facial nerve

Mandibular branch of facial nerve

Temporal branch of facial nerve

Parotid gland

Relations of Masseter : Superficial relations

Ramus of the mandible

Masseteric nerve and vessels

The insertion of temporalis muscle

2- Deep Relations

Buccal artery

Buccal nerve

Buccinator muscle

Buccal pad of

Fat

3- Anterior Relations

Lateral Pterygoid

Upper Head

Lower Head

3- Lateral Pterygoid Origin : by 2 heads •  Upper head from infratemporal crest of greater wing of the sphenoid •  * Lower head : from lateral surface of lateral ptregoid plate Insertion : Fovea in front head of the mandible ( ptregoid fovea ) Action : Protraction of the mandible Depression of the mandible Side to side movement Nerve supply : Anterior division of the mandibular nerve

Protraction

Depression

Push to the opposite side

3- Lateral Pterygoid : Action

A- Muscles

1- Lower part of Temporalis

2- Superficial head of Medial Pterygoid

B- Vessels1- 2nd part of

maxillary artery

2- Pterygoid Plexus of veins

3- Deep facial vein

C- Nerves

1- Buccal nerve of Mandibular nerve

Relations of Lateral Pterygoid : Superficial relations :

Tensor Palati MuscleLevator Palati Muscle

2- Deep Relations :Muscles

2nd Part of Maxillary artery and it branches

Branches of 1st part of Maxillary artery 1- Deep auricular 2- Anterior Tympanic

3- Middlle meningeal4- Accessory Meningeal

5- Inferior Alveolar

2- Deep Relations :Vessels

Mandibular Nerve and its Branches

Deep temporal nerves

Buccal nerve

Auriculotemporal nerve

Inferior alveolar nerve

Lingual nerve

Chorda Tympani nerve

2- Deep Relations :Nerves

Sphenomandibular ligament

Deep temporal vessels and nerve

vessels and nerve to masseter

Inferior alveolar nerve

Sphenomandibular ligament

Lingual nerve

Buccal nerve

Maxillary artery

1- At the Upper Border

2- At the Lower Border

Inferior alveolar vessels

3- Between The Two Heads

Pterygoid Plexus of Veins Surrounds

The Whole Muscle

Deep Head Superficial Head

Nerve to Medial Pterygoid

4- Medial Pterygoid Origin : by 2 heads 1- superficial head : from maxillary tuberosity . 2- deep head from : medial surface of lateral ptregoid plate . Insertion : Medial surface of remus of the mandible Nerve supply : trunk of the mandibular nerve Action : Prtruction of the mandible Elevation of the mandible Side to side movement

Insertion

Medial Pterygoid

Protraction

Push to the opposite side

4- Medial Pterygoid :Action

Vertical Plane

3- Inferior alveolar vessel and nerve

2- Sphenomandibular ligament

4- Lingual nerve

1- Lower head of Lateral Pterygoid

5- Mandibular Foramen and

Ramus of the Mandible

6- Pterygoid Plexus of

Veins

Relations of Medial Pterygoid Superficial relations

Submandibular gland

Facial artery

Relations of Medial Pterygoid deep relations