tenses…كثف... · 2019-06-20 · waleed yassin/ general english/ twelfth grade/ 2018-2019/...

Waleed Yassin/ General English/ Twelfth Grade/ 2018-2019/ 0786546087/ Summary

Tenses

1- Present Tenses

Positive/ Affirmative Negative Question/ Interrogative Key words

V.1/ V.s

- She always comes late.

- He visits us from time to time.

- Wood floats on the surface of water.

- The bus leaves at 10 am.

Don’t/ doesn’t + V.base

- Laila doesn’t often call her friends.

- I don’t sometimes listen to music.

- He doesn’t frequently travel abroad.

- We don’t go to school on Fridays,

Do/ Does + V.base

- When do you usually play computer

games?

- Does Omar generally eat meat?

- Do the students have frequent breaks

while studying?

Always, often,usually, sometimes,

rarely,hardly, scarcely, seldom, never,

every+time, daily, weekly, monthly,

yearly, annually, occasionally,

frequently, generally, normally, from

time to time. On Sundays ……..

)جم انحقائق انصف ال ححخي ػهى دالالث

اا حؼخذ باء ػهى انؼى(

ححخي ػه ياػذ/ اقاث( timetableجم (

(is/am/are) + V.ing

- She is sleeping now.

- Look! It is raining heavily.

- Don’t disturb us, we are studying.

(isn’t/am not/aren’t) +V.ing

- He isn’t watching TV at the

moment.

- I am not using my mobile now.

(is/am/are) +V.ing

- What are you doing now?

- Is she doing well right now?

Now, nowadays, right now, at the/this

moment, look, listen, hurry up, be

careful, watch out, Don’t +V.base

(Have/ has) + V.3

He has just cleaned the dishes.

I have had my dinner already.

(Haven’t/ hasn’t) + V.3

Muna hasn’t found the key yet.

I have never been to the UK.

(Have/ has) +V.3

Have you ever eaten sushi?

Where have you been already?

Have the students watched it before?

Just, yet, already, ever, never, before

(have/has) been + V.ing

Hani has been sleeping for three hours

They have been playing all the day.

(haven’t/hasn’t) been +V.ing

He hasn’t been watching TV since the

morning.

The boys haven’t been studying

maths over the past week.

(have/has) +been + V.ing

How long have you been studying at

this school?

Has she been studying all the night?

Since, for, how long, all+ time, over

the last/past + time

2- Past Tenses:


V.2

She called me last night.

Yesterday I got up late.

Didn’t + V.base

We didn’t attend the class yesterday.

In 2010, she didn’t travel to the USA.

Did + V.base

When did you last meet her? Did you watch a horror movie in the past?

Yesterday, ago, last+ time, in the past,

اي حاسخ ا قج سابق/ باناض

(was/were) + V.ing

She was doing her homework at that

moment.

Yesterday he was sleeping at 7 pm.

(wasn’t/weren’t) + V.ing

She wasn’t sleeping when I called her

When they arrived, I wasn’t listening

to music.

(Was/ Were) + V.ing

What were you doing when he came

in?

Was she cleaning the tables at that

time?

At that moment/ time, when, while, as

اي دالنت ياض بسط يغ قج اخش

Had + V.3

By 2010, she had bought a flat.

Before I typed the letter, I had

checked it many times.

Hadn’t + V.3

She hadn’t recorded any meeting by

the last month.

After she hadn’t found the key, she

broke the window.

Had + V.3

Had you done the homework by the

last night?

Where had you fixed your car before

you sold it?

By+ قج باناض

Before, after, then, before that, after

that,

Had been + V.ing

By the time you cleaned the dishes, I

had been waiting for the guests.

She had been sleeping for 3 hours

before she left to the hospital.

Hadn’t been +V.ing

After she hadn’t been doing anything

for a year, she decided to find a job.

By the time Omar played football, he

hadn’t been looking for a hobby.

Had +been+ V.ing

Had you been typing your essay all

the night before you slept?

What had you been doing by the time

you travelled to the capital city?

By the time + Past Simple

Before, after, then + اي دالنت قج يثم

for, since, all+ time, how long …..


3- Future Tenses


will + V.base

(is/am/are) going to + V.base

He will travel to the UK next month.

I will find a job soon.

Pehaps, she will stay in Amman in the

future.

I’m sure, she is going to attend the

course tomorrow.

There are a lot of black clouds. It is

going to rain soon.

Won’t/ will not + V.base

(isn’t/am not/aren’t) going to +

V.base.

I think he won’t join us tomorrow.

Certainly, he isn’t going to buy a car

soon.

Will + V.base

(is/am/are) + going to + V.base

What will you do next week end?

Will they probably fix their computer?

Soon, tomorrow, in the future,

next+ time

اي حاسخ ا قج بانسخقبم

ػذ انخؼبش ػ: willحسخخذو

قشاس يفاجأ حى اححار نحظت انكالو -1

حبأ بذ حفش دنم كاف -2

,think, probably, perhapsيغ -3

maybe )كهاث االحخانت(

ػذ انخؼبش ػ: be going toحسخخذو

قشاس حى انخخطط ن يسبقا -1

حبأ يغ حفش دنم كاف -2

want, know, sure, certainيغ -3

)كهاث انخأكذ انؼشفت(

will + be + V.ing

(is/am/are) going to + be +V.ing.

- If you need to contact me next week,

we’ll be staying at a hotel in Aqaba.

- I can’t call my dad right now. He’ll

be boarding the plane. It takes off in

an hour.

Won’t/ will not + be + V.ing

(isn’t/am not/aren’t) going to + be

+ V.ing

- We won’t be watching a movie at

this time tomorrow.

- She won’t be working in three

years’ time.

Will + be + V.ing

(is/am/are) + going to + be + V.ing

- What will you be studying in two

days’ time?

- Where will you be wandering

tomorrow in the early morning?

دالالث انسخقبم انبسط يغ قج اخش

This time + قج بانسخقبم

Five, six …. (minutes’/days’/ weeks’/

months’/ years’ …..) time

will + have + V.3

(is/am/are) going to + have + V.3

- This time tomorrow, we’ll be

celebrating because we will have

finished our exams.

- This time next month, my parents

will have been married for twenty

years.

Won’t/ will not + have + V.3

(isn’t/am not/aren’t) going to +

have + V.3

-By 2021, she won’t have travelled

to the UK.

-She will not have cleaned the tables

by the time the guests arrive.

Will +have +V.3

(is/am/are) + going to + have + V.3

- Where will you have met your friends

by the next weekend?

- Will you have fixed the car by the

time you move to the capital city?

- In three years’ time, my brother

will have graduated from

university.

By + future time

By the time + present Simple

Future time + for

4- Use to (be familiar to/ be accustomed to/ normal)

Positive Negative Question

Present habit Used to + V.base Didn’t use to +V.abse (wh)+did+sub+use to+V.base+ comp?

Past habit (is/am/are) used to+ V.ing

Noun

Object Pronoun

(is/am/are) not used to+ V.ing

Noun

Object Pronoun

is V.ing

(wh)+ am+ sub+ used to + Noun + comp ?

are object pronoun


5- Reported Speech

د خى ححه خالف رنك بقى خى اػادة كخابخ كا سد بانجهت االصهت فثال انكهاث انخ ححخا خط سخشد بانجذال خى ححها:خى ححم انجم باء ػهى انجذال انخانت فكم يا يج

“ I am doing my homework now.”

Ali said that he was doing his homework at that moment.

جذل انضائش:

Direct Indirect Direct Indirect Direct Indirect Direct Indirect

I He/she Me His/her My His/her Mine His/hers

We They Us Them Our Their Ours Theirs

You He/she/we/they/I You Him/her/us/them/me Your His/her/our/their/mine Yours His/hers/ours/theirs/mine

جذل االفؼال


v.1 / V.s v.2 Is/am/are Was/were Have/has Had Don’t/doesn’t Didn’t

v.2 Had + V.3 Was/were Had been Didn’t+ V.base Hadn’t + V.3

Will Would Shall Should Can Could May Might

جذل انذالالث


Today On that day Tonight At that night Tomorrow The following day

The day after

Next+

(time)

The following+( time)

The+ time + (after)

Soon Later Now Then

At that moment

At the

moment

At that moment Yesterday The previous day

The day before

Last +

(time)

The previous (time)

The (time) before

Ago Before This

That These Those

Here There

6- Causative

رنك باء ػهى انخحالث انخانت: askؼخذ ححم انذسس ػهى شكم انفؼم

Sentence Causative Sentence Causative Sentence Causative Sentence Causative

Ask Have Asks Has Asking Having Asked Had

ثانث:قاػذة ححم انجم يغ االخبا انخأكذا انفؼم انشئس دائا حصشف

Sentence Causative

sub + (ask) +noun + to + V.base + Obj + Comp sub + (have)+ obj + V.3 + comp (by + sub)

sub+ helping verb + (ask) + noun+ to + V.base + Obj + comp Sub+ helping verb+ (have) + obj+ V.3+ comp

She asked the mechanic to fix her car.

She had the car fixed by the mechanic.

I had asked him to paint my home.

I had had my home painted.

7- Modal Verbs

Expression Modal Expression Modal

Is/am/are + necessary to

Have to + V.base

Has to + V.base

Isn’t/am not/ aren’t+ necessary to Don’t/doesn’t have to + V.base

Perhaps, Maybe, May/might+ V.base Perhaps, Maybe, Probably May/might have + V.3


Probably Think,Believe

)تانضاسع(

May not/mightn’t

Think,Believe

)تاناض(

May not/mightn’t have

Was/were + necessary to Had to Wasn’t/weren’t + necessary to Didn’t have to + V.base

Is/am/are + allowed to

Must+ V.base

Isn’t/am not/aren’t + allowed to

Mustn’t+ V.base

Was/were + necessary to Must have+ V.3 Wasn’t/weren’t + necessary to Mustn’t have+ V.3

Is/am/are + able to

Can + V.base Isn’t/am not/aren’t + able to

Can’t +V.base

Was/were + able to Could+V.base Wasn’t/weren’t + able to Couldn’t +V.base

Examples :

Perhaps Issa’s phone is broken. Issa’s phone might be broken

It isn’t necessary to switch off the screen. You don’t have to switch off the screen

You are not allowed to touch this machine You mustn’t touch this machine

It was necessary to arrive on time. You had to arrive on time.

8- Passive Voice

Active Passive

sub + V. + Obj + Comp Obj + (be) + V.3 + comp (by + sub)

sub+ helping verb + V. + Obj + comp Obj + helping verb + (be) + V.3+ comp

Active Passive Active Passive

v.1/v.s Is/am/are +V.3 Don’t/doesn’t+ V.base Isn’t/am not/aren’t + V.3

v.2 Was/were+V.3 Didn’t+ v.base Wasn’t /weren’t +V.3

Have/has(n’t)+ v.3 Have/has(n’t) + been+v.3 Had(n’t) + v.3 Had(n’t) been+ v.3

Modal(n’t) +v.base Modal(n’t) be + V.3 Be(not) + v.ing Be(not) being +v.3

Active Passive

She cleans the tables daily. The tables are cleaned daily.

Someone has found my missing laptop. My laptop has been found.

9- Infinitive and Gerund

(Afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, claim, decide, demand, deserve, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise,

refuse, remind, seem, tend, want, would like, would love, would prefer, the first, the second, the third…..) + to + V.base

((admit, avoid, consider, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss, postpone, prefer, quit, recommend, suggest, be accustomed to, be used to, get

used to, look forward to) + V.ing

Stop + to + V.base = to stop a short time. انرقف نفرشج جزج

Stop + V.ing = to give up. رقف ائا/ قهع ع

Remember + to + V.base = to remember what should be done later. رزكش ي رجة انقاو ت

Remember + V.ing = to remember what has been done previously. رزكش يا ذى انقاو ت يسثقا

Try + to + V.base = to make an effort to do something. عذيا ذثزل جذا نهحانح نهقاو تشء يا

Try + V.ing = to make an experiment. عذ انرعثش ع خثشج رجح نرجشتح قد تعها يسثقا


10- Relative Clauses/ Pronouns

)اسى + whose + اسى عاقم( ,)where/which/that + يكا( ,)when/which/ that + قد( ,)which/that + اسى غش عاقم( ,(who/that +اسى عاقم )

The person who contributed to the invention of the oud was Al-Kindi. (who, which, whose, when)

I bought the horse which won the race. (who, which, whose, when)

The girl whose mother won the lottery is happy. (who, which, whose, when)

The country where I did my research was England. (who, which, where, when)

The country which my brother likes most is England. (who, which, where, when)

The year when the great Mosque in Cordoba was built was 784 CE. (who, which, where, when)

The month which comes after January is February. (who, which, where, when)

Defining relative clauses provide information which is essential. No commas are used.

- Students who cheat should be punished. (only those who cheat not all the students)

Non-defining relative clauses provide additional information (not essential ). They are written between commas. The relative pronoun cannot be deleted;

neither can we use that instead.

- Dr Omar, who is the head of the Department, will call us very soon. (giving extra information about who is Dr Omar which is not necessary)

- The Sahara desert is hot. It is in Africa.

The Sahara desert, which is in Africa, is hot.

- London is a nice city. It is the capital of England.

London, which is the capital of England is a nice city.

11- Cleft Sentences

Huda won a prize for Art last year.

The place

The time

The thing

The person

The way

The reason

where

when

which

who

in which

why

حكخب انجهت يغ حز انحذد

Is/are نهضاسع

Was/ were نهاض

ضغ انحذد

The person who won a prize for Art last year was Huda.

The time when Huda won a prize for Art was last Year.

The thing which Huda won last year was a prize for Art.

It

Is

Was

انحذد

That

يا حبقى ي انجهت

Huda won a prize for Art last year.

It was Huda that won a prize for Art last year.

It was a prize for Art that Huda won last year.

It was last year that Huda won a prize for Art.


The Olympic Games were held in London in 2010CE.

انحذد

Is, are

Was, were

The person who

The thing which

The place where

The time when

The way in which

The reason why

يا حبقى ي انجهت

The Olympic Games were the event which took place in London in 2010CE.

London was the city where the Olympic Games took place.

2010CE was the year when the Olympic Games took place.

ذجثا نهخطأ تانقاعذ ي احح انفشد ا انجع ال رغش انعى. took placeتـ be held ك اسرثذال

كا سد تانحانح االخشج. ك اسرثذال انكهاخ انرانح تأي ي يشادفاذا تذ ذغش عهى انقاعذج

Place= street, village, city, country, continent, …….

Person= manager, doctor, director, inventor, scholar, philosopher, ………

Thing = event, competition, anniversary,subject …………

12- Indirect questions

Direct question Indirect question

Does

Wh + do + sub + V.base + comp?

Did

Could you tell me

Do you mind telling me V.s

Do you know + wh + sub + V.1 + comp?

Could you explain V.2

Wh + helping verb + sub + verb + comp? Could you tell me

Do you mind telling me

Do you know + wh + sub + helping verb +Verb + comp?

Could you explain

Does

Do + sub + V.base + comp?

Did

Could you tell me

Do you mind telling me V.s

Do you know + (if/ whether) + sub + V.1 + comp + or not?

Could you explain V.2

Wh + helping verb + sub + verb + comp? Could you tell me

Do you mind telling me

Do you know + (if/ whether)+sub+helping verb+Verb +comp?

Could you explain

Wh + be + comp? I wonder if you could tell me/ could explain + comp.

Modal + sub + V.base +comp? Do you mind + V.ing +comp?


13- Impersonal Passive

Active Impersonal Passive

Sub + verb + (that)+ sub + verb + comp.

Verb: think, believe, prove, claim, estimate, know, expect, say, tell

…...

Scientists believe that learning foreign languages improve

students in many different ways.

The lawyer has claimed that she is innocent.

It + be + V.3 + (that) + sub+ verb+ comp.

It is believed that learning foreign languages improve


It has been claimed that she is innocent.

Sub + verb + (that)+ sub + verb + comp.

Scientists believe that learning foreign languages improve


The lawyer has claimed that she is innocent.

Sub + be + v.3 + to + v.base + comp

Learning foreign languages is believed to improve students in

many different ways.

She has been claimed to be innocent.

Active Passive Active Passive

v.1/v.s Is/am/are +V.3 Don’t/doesn’t+ V.base Isn’t/am not/aren’t + V.3

v.2 Was/were+V.3 Didn’t+ v.base Wasn’t /weren’t +V.3

Have/has(n’t)+ v.3 Have/has(n’t) + been+v.3 Had(n’t) + v.3 Had(n’t) been+ v.3

Modal(n’t) +v.base Modal(n’t) be + V.3 Be(not) + v.ing Be(not) being +v.3

14- Wish/ If only

A- Rewrite:

Sub + wish/wishes + sub + (verb)+ comp.

If only + sub + (verb)+ comp.

Time Function Sentence Wish Sentence Wish

At present

Regert V.1/V.s Didn’t+ V.base Don’t/doesn’t+v.base v.2

Regret Is/am/are Wasn’t/weren’t isn’t/am not/aren’t Was/were

Annoyance Will/’ll Wouldn’t Will not/ won’t Would

inability Can Could* Cannot Could

In the Past

Regret v.2 Hadn’t +v.3 Didn’t+v.base Had +v.3

Regret Was/were Hadn’t been Wasn’t/weren’t Had been

B- Correct the verb:

Present Past انعطاخ

(v) v.2 Had+ v.3

(not/v) Didn’t + v.base Hadn’t+ v.3

(be) Was/were Had been

(not/be) Wasn’t/weren’t Hadn’t been

(Can) or (can/v) Could + v.base ---------

(Will) or (will/v) Would+ base ---------

(Not/will) or (Not/will/v) Wouldn’t + v.base ---------


15- Conditional statements

.جهح انششط + اداج انششط +جاب انششط Or .جاب انششط , جهح انششط + اداج ستظ

sub + verb + comp + اداج انششط + sub + verb+ comp, sub + verb + comp . Or sub+ verb + comp+ اداج ستظ

ط = انسثة/ االقذوجهح انشش

جاب انششط= انرجح/ االحذز

Type جاب انششط , جهح انششط اداج انششط

Zero (always true)

If, Provided that, As long

as, When : ارا

Even if: حرى ن

Unless يانى/ ارا نى

v.1/v.s

don’t/doesn’t + v.base , v.1/v.s

don’t/doesn’t + v.base

One(possible at present) v.1/v.s

don’t/doesn’t + v.base , Will/ ’ll + v.base

Will not/ Won’t + v.base

Two (impossible at

present)

v.2

didn’t + v.base

were

, Would/’d + v.base

Wouldn’t + base

Three (impossible in the

past)

Had/’d + v.3 , Might(n’t) have +v.3

Could(n’t) have + v.3

Would(n’t) have + v.3

:ف انع انثانسmight ذعثش ع احرانح ضعفح تاcould ذعثش ع احرانح قح

When ذسرخذو ف انعzero ف حال جدا ف جم اخرش انفعم ا صحح انفعم ذعرثش يؤشش عهى اسرخذاو انعzero

If you don’t know the answer, don’t pretend. (not/ pretend)

If you get up earlier, call me. (call)

don’t + v.base ارا كاد انجهح يفح ز حانح خاصح عهى انع االل حس ذى حزف انفاعم ذك االجاتح تاسرخذاو انفعم انجشد ارا كاد يثثرح ا

Plants die if they don’t get enough sunlight. (type zero)

Plant will die if they don’t get enough water. (type one)

Giving advice:

If I were you I would + v.base + comp. (if/were/would)

Why don’t you + v.base +comp? (why/don’t/ why don’t)

What about/ how about + v.ing + comp? (what about/ how about)

It would be a good idea for you to + v.base +comp. (a good idea)

Sub+ (should/ could/ ought to) + v.base+ comp. (should/could/ ought to)

1- You should practise the presentation several times. (were)

If I were you, I would practise the presentation several times.

2- You ought to get some work experience. (don’t)

Why don’t you get some work experience?

Rewrite (third conditional)

I worked really hard the day before the exam. I got top marks. (انؼكس صحح )الحع ا صي كال انجهخ باناض بزنك جب اسخخذاو انع انثانث كزنك انجهت انثبخت حصبح يفت

If she hadn’t worked hard the day before the exam, she mightn’t have got top marks.

I didn’t know your phone number, so I wasn’t able to contact you.

If I had known your ohone number, I could have contacted you.


16- Comparative and Superlative

Comparative = between two items. Superlative = between more than two items.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Short adjective Adj+er than The + adj+est

Long adjective More/less + adj + than The most/ least + adj

Irregular adjectives

Adjective Comparative Superlative Adjective Comparative Superlative

Good/ Well Better than The best Bad/ Ill Worse than The worst

Little Less than The least Many/ much More than The most

Far Farther than/further than The farthest/ the furthest

To express similarity (as + adjective/ adverb + as) ======== as small as/ as beautiful as/ as often as

To express difference (not as + adjective/ adverb+ as) ======= not as big as/ not as expensive as/ not as quickly as

As many as/ as many+ اسى يعذد + as ==== as many students in my class as

As much as/ as much + اسى غش يعذد + as ====== as much information on my laptop as

Neither Maths nor Science are as popular as English. (2016)

English ……………………………………………………………………………………….

Jordanian children start schoola year later than English children. (2017)

English children …………………………………………………………………………….

Studying Physics is not as popular as tudying Biology in Britain. (2017)

Studying Biology ……………………………………………………………………………

The electronic newspapers are not still as acceptable as the ordinary ones. (2018)

The ordinary newspapers ………………………………………………………………….

Business Studies is the most popular subject.

Other subjects ……………………………………………………………….

People applied for Law in 2014 CE not as many as in the previous year.

People applied for Law in 2013 CE …………………………………………

Physics isn’t as popular as Biology.

Biology ………………………………………………………………………

Law is more popular than Medicine and Dentistry.

Medicine and Dentistry ……………………………………………………..

Computer Science is the fastest growing subject.

Other subjects ……………………………………………………………….

Engineering is less popular than Visual Arts.

Visual Arts ………………………………………………………………….

Portuguese children have to go to school for longer than children in Japan.

Japanese children …………………………………………………………..

Jordanian children can leave school one year earlier than English children.

English children ……………………………………………………………

The cheapest thing on the menu is orange juice.

The least………………………………………………………………………

Geography is more interesting than History.

History ………………………………………………………………..

I can’t run as fast as you.

You …………………………………………………………………………….

There are not as many people in our class as in yours.

Your class …………………………………………………………………….


I don’t eat as much fast food as my brother.

My brother ……………………………………………………………………..

I don’t like running as much as I like swimming.

I like swimming …………………………………………………………….

Choose the correct answer

Which subjects are ……………..………....… (more popular than, the most popular, as popular as), and which are ……………………….…..

(less popular than, not as popular as, the least popular)?

Mahmoud works as ……………. as his brother. (hard, harder, hardest)

I can’t run as …………… as you. (fast, faster, fastest)

Is Maths as ……………. as Science? (less popular, more popular, popular)

17 Derivation

Noun Adjective Verb Adverb

Subject = اسى …………. + Noun Sub + ……………. …………………, sentence.

Object = اسى Intensifiers +………….. Sub+ Helping verb+ …… Sentence, …………….. .

A, an, the + …………… Linking verbs + ………… Helping verb + sub+ ……. ? ,…………………., ب فاصهخ

Demonstrative +……. Adverbs + …………… Sub+ adverb + ……….. . ………………., ب انقطت انفاصهت

بسط انجهت

Quantifiers +……………… More/less + ……… +than (not) To + …………. Sub+ ………….+ verb

prepositions + ……………. The most/least + ……….. In order (not) to+ ………. Sub+ helping verb+ ……..+ verb

Numbers + ……………….. As + ………….+ as So as (not) to + ………… ……………..+ adjective

Possessive Pronouns + ………….. Sub + …………….. adverb As+ ………………+ as

Noun 's+ + ………. Help/let/make + object+ ……….

Noun’s + ……………. Had better/would rather+

…………

Adjective + ………………… ………………+ comp.( جم االيش

(انطهة

……. + relative Pronoun

Demonstrative: this, that, these, those

Quantifiers: many, much, more, most, some, any, no, all, plenty of, few, little, neither…… nor……., either…… or, a lot of, lots of, both,

several…… السىكهاث ححذد كت ا

Prepositions: in, on, at, to, of, for, with, within, without, from, among, between, over, under, below, through, throughout, into, before, after, when,

while, as.…..

Possessive pronouns: my, his, her, its, our, your, their

Relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, when, where, that …

Intensifiers: very, too, so, quite, pretty, really, absolutely……….. كهاث ححذد قة انصفت

Linking verbs: (be), look, seem, consider, taste, smell, appear, sound, become, feel, be found, grow, get, ك اسخبذانا باحذ افؼال افؼال انشبط افؼالeb د ا

خغش انؼى

(do)+ V. base/ (modals)+ V.base/

ائاث االساء: tion, sion, ure, ence, ance, ness, ship, hood, dom, er, or, ist, ian, ment, ism, ty, age, gy, ics, cy, ing

ااث انصفاث : ful, ous, ive, ed, ing, ic, ical, less, ble, ish, ent, antory, ary, en

ااث االفؼال : ise, ize, ate, ify

ات االجال/ انظشف : ly (adjective + ly)


ارا جاء انفشاؽ ات انجهت

اسى( ضغ حال/ ظشف + ...............................(

صفت( ضغ اسى + ...............................(

..(ضغ ايا اسى ا صفت ا حال حسب انؼى )فؼم +..............................

.حال( ضغ فؼم ارا نى ححخي انجهت ػهى فؼم ا ضغ صفت ارا احخث انجهت ػهى فؼم +...............................(

انحانت ضغ صفت دائا ارا كا االخخاس اسى جب انخاكذ ا انفشاؽ نى خبغ باسى ال بز

.دائا ف حاالث انفؼم جب ا بحث ا انجهت ححخي ػهى فؼم ال اي جهت بذ فؼم حؼخبش خطأ

Noun + verb+ adverb+ adjective+ noun

ك ا خبغ اسا يخخان ز اساء يشكبت يثمbody tempreture, body idiom, seat belt, air pollution, sound pollution…..

ك ا سبق االسى بؼذة صفاث a smart beautiful girl..نزا انسبب ج انخاكذ دائا ا انفشاؽ نى خبغ باسى

Study the following sentences carefully

1. The business meeting was long, but we finally reached an agreement.

2. There is an interesting new video installation at the art gallery in the city.

3. Ali has done a calculation and decided that he can afford to buy his mother the larger bunch of flowers.

4. The career advisor’s speech was a repetition of her advice to our class.

5. I checked my letter carefully for errors and wrote a correction at the beginning.

6. My grandparents gave me a fountain pen for my birthday, and I am learning calligraphy now.

7. Some ailments can be treated effectively with homoeopathic remedies.

8. When there is not enough rainfall to grow crops, the ground must be irrigated.

9. I enjoy painting and sculpture so I decided to do a degree in Fine Arts.

10. Elderly people often suffer from dementia, which is difficult to treat.

11. Desalination plants are becoming a popular method of providing water for people living in areas that have little fresh water.

12. Many megaprojects consist of artificially-created cities, which will be built according to principles of sustainable living.

13. I came across a blog post the other day. It was discussing the importance of traditional crafts in our modern-day society.

14. Homoeopathy cannot produce antibodies needed to protect against childhood diseases.

15. One of the earliest computers took as long as 25 minutes to do simple mathematical calculation.

16. You need to get a lot of work experience if you want to progress in your chosen career.

17. If you would like to learn to play the oud, you can get private tuition.

18. At the beginning of a business meeting, it is normal to make small talk so that everyone feels comfortable.

19. Some universities offer tailor-made courses that are able to suit individual needs.

20. After doing an undergraduate degree, a number of students decide to continue their studies and do a Master's degree or a PhD.

21. You can choose to do an internship at a company before settling on a certain career.

22. If you keep working hard to improve your English, you will reach a level of proficiency in a few years.

23. Keen university students who are doing their first degree can go on to study postgraduate degrees.

24. In many schools, studying a foreign language is optional, but it is often a good idea to continue learning a second language.

25. Most university teaching is done in groups, called seminars, in which all students discuss the subject freely.

26. I am studying hard because I want to be a lawyer.

27. When you ride a bike, you should always wear a helmet.

28. Thank you so much! We are very grateful.

29. Do you think it is likely to rain tomorrow?

30. I always look at the newspaper headlines, but I don’t always read the articles.

31. Solar panels generate energy from the sun.

32. When you heat cheese, it melts.

33. Put some flour and sugar in a bowl and mix them together.

34. You need a sharp knife to slice the bread.

35. Heat the water until it boils.

36. Put the eggs in oil or butter to fry them.


37. Sprinkle some salt and pepper over the potatoes to them.

38. Roast the meat in the oven.

Explain the difference in meaning between these phrases:

1. share ideas: to give your ideas to another person or to a group.

compare ideas: where two or more people consider how their ideas are similar or different.

2. create a website: to construct a website that currently does not exist.

contribute to a website: offer your writing and work to the website.

3. research information: to use a variety of sources to find the information you need.

present information: to give the results of your research in a presentation.

4. monitor what is happening: you know what is happening and you are following the developments.

find out what is happening: you don’t know what is happening and you want to discover it.

5. give a talk to people: you have prepared a speech and you are giving this speech to a group of people who are expecting it.

talk to people: an informal discussion.

6. show photos: you show people photos that you have in person.

send photos: you send photos to someone over the Internet or by post.

Master the meaning and the use of the underlined phrasal verb

1. to know about dangers of the Internet: to distinguish

2. to connect with people on the Internet: to have the ability to reach

3. to turn on privacy settings: to activate

4. to give out personal information: to hand or pass

5. to fill in a form: to complete by writing information

6. Tell me about the novel you’re reading. Where does the story take place? Happen, occur

7. I’m sorry I’m late. I didn’t wake up early enough. Arouse after sleeping

8. When I graduate from university, I would like to buy a house and settle down. To start having a quieter way of life by staying in a place or getting married.

9. If you’re free at the weekend, let’s meet up and go shopping together. To meet somebody and go in different direction.

10. I’ve never visited that museum. I’d like to go in and look around . To visit a place of interest

11. I’ve got a lot of homework, so I think I Should get started right now! Initiate doing something.

Master the meaning of the following idioms

Color idiom Meaning Body idiom Meaning

the green light Permission. To get it off your chest to tell someone about something that has been worrying

you

Out of the blue Unexpectedly, apparently from no where To get cold feet to lose your confidence in something at the last minute

A white elephant A useless possession that costs a lot. To play it by ear to decide how to deal with a situation as it develops

To feel blue To feel sad To keep your chin up to remain cheerful in difficult situations; an expression

of encouragement

To see red To get angry To have a head for

figures

to have a natural mental ability for maths/numbers

To put my back into to put a lot of effort into something


Collocations

catch someone’s attention carbon footprint cause offence target market Bounce back Negative effects

To get an idea negative effect make a small talk age group A setback Side effects

take an interest in economic growth tell a joke department store Herbal remedy Environmentally-friendly

spend time make a mistake give a business card work experience Life expectancy Renewable energy

attend a course ask a question do a deal web enquiries Medical trial Energy grid

urban planning shake hands track record email exchange Self-confidence Carbon footprint

public transport earn respect package holiday Privacy settings Economic growth Car-free zone

biological waste join a company sales-pitch security settings Media coverage Pedestrian-friendly

Cycle-friendly Urban planning Zero-waste Banking and Finance Industrial waste Fountain pen

Public transport Artificial sustainable city Solar power Mother tongue Fully committed Ground-breaking

Biological waste Artificially-created Wind farms Gross Domestic Product Career advisor Tailor-made

Energy source Carbon-neutral Developed nations

Collocation Meaning Collection Meaning

Take a break To relax Draw up a timetable To write a schedule

Do exercise To keep fit Do a subject To study

Make a

difference

To change

something Make a start To begin

Words with a preposition

Work as Translate into Decide on Fond of

Talk about Ask about Good at Cope with

Focus on Keen on Leave out Look into

Now test your ability:

Complete the following sentences with the suitable words derived from the words in brackets.

1- We have visited many ………………. sites in Jordan.

(archeology, archeological, archeologically )

2- The teacher asked us to ………………… the text into Arabic.

(translate,translator,translation)

3- Doctors used to be …………….. about the validity of complementary medicine.

(sceptic, sceptical, scepticism)

4- …………… is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties, relationships and measurement of points, lines, curves and surfaces .

(geometric, geometry, geometrically)

5- Before travelling to Chine to do business, it’s preferable to send ………………. from previous clients.

(recommend, recommendation, recommended)

6- It is really important to …………… before exams.

(revise, revision, revised)

Correct the form of the words between brackets.

1. We have ……………… tennis this week. (be /play)

2. By 10 a.m. on the last day, the clouds had disappeared and the sun …….. (come out)

3. They are planning ………….. into another city. (leave)

4. A metal machine …………. on the seabed in Greece 2000 years ago. (find)

5. In 1983 CE, people …………. a laptop for the first time. (can/ buy)

6. Young people love …………. (learn)


7. If you………. this type of lesson, the students would be very excited. (have)

8. Computers often …………. with each other. (communicate)

9. In just a few years’ time, experts say that billions of machines …………. to each other and to the Internet. (connect)

10. Your windows …………. if it is likely to rain. (close)

11. Whereas critics …………. that there was no scientific evidence that non-conventional treatments actually worked. (use to / say)

12. By 2017 CE, they …………. 182 extra beds, along with bigger units. (add)

13. At this time next year, I will …………………. mathematics at university. (be/study)

14. Next year, my friend will ……………….. in London for five years.(have/ live)

15. Will it still ……………………… this night? (rain)

Choose the correct form of the verb from those given below to complete each of the following sentences,

1. By the time Ahmed arrived home, his mother …………. him a birthday’s gift.

(offers, has offered, had offered, will offer)

2. Tareq ……………. nervous because he had never flown before.

(feels, felt, has felt, is feeling)

3. Ahmed ……………… law for three years. (be/ study)

(studies, has been studying, will study, has been studied)

4. Next month, my parents ………………… in this house for ten years.

(will live, will have lived, were living, will have living)

5. I wish I …………….. taller.

(am, were, have been, had been)

6. She ……………… the bus provided that she got up earlier.

(will catch, would catch, would have caught, were would have catch)

Choose the suitable item from those given to complete each of the following sentences.

1- Laila’s been studying ………….. Monday. (for, from, since)

2- Omar told Muna that “I am studying Maths.”

Omar told Muna that he …………. Maths. (is studying, was studying, were studying)

3- I can’t fix my own car so I’d like to have it ………… soon. (fix, fixes, fixed)

4- I’m sure Omar has enjoyed watching the play. He ……………. Watching the play. (must enjoyed, must enjoy, must have enjoyed)

5- It’s normal for him to get up early. He ………………….. up early. (used to get, used to getting, is used to getting)

6- If I were you, I ……………… at home due to the cold. (will stay, would stay, stayed)

7- According to last events, the meeting ………………. . (postpones, postponed, was postponed)

8- London, ……………… ,is a nice city. (is the capital of Britain , which is the capital of Britain, where is the capital of Britain,

9- His parent ……………….. for 20 years next month. (will get married, will be getting married , will have gotten married)

10- The news came out of the ………….. . (red, blue, white)

11- You need to ………….. your homework with others to find the differences. (share, compare, compose)

12- I met the man ……. daughter was afraid after the accident. (whose, who, that)

13- We will go to Aqaba ………. The summer. (in, on, of)

14- She hopes ……………. medicine at university. (study, to study, studying)

15- Chinese grammar is …………………… English grammar. (difficult, more difficult, the most difficult)

16- Do you mind …….. me what I should do to study perfectly? (tell, told, telling)

17- If only she …………… on time. She missed the bus. (arrive, arrived, had arrived)

18- It is …………….. that frequent break could be useful for more concentration. (prove, proves, proved)

19- Multilingual speakers are believed to …………….……. more efficient decision- making skills. (have, has, having)

20- Before 2004 CE, very little research about sign languages of the Middle East ………………… (had do, had been done, had been doing ).

21- You get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people…………everything you translate. (understand, will understand, would understand)

22- Plants……….. as long as you keep watering them. (don’t die, won’t die, wouldn’t die)

23- We have to go to school even if we ………… tired. (are, aren’t, were)

24- I ………….. the job offer provided that it’s a part-time. (accept, would accept, will accept)

25- If I …………… you, I’d practise the presentation several times.(am, were, had been)


Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to the one before it.

1. Robots will very likely be sorting and delivering drugs, a task that requires absolute accuracy and speed.

It …………………………………………………………………………….

2. Adeeb rightly deserves his reputation as one of the youngest inventors in the world due to his inventions.

It …………………………………………………………………………….

3. A metal machine was found in the seabed in Greece more than 2000 years old.

The time ………………………………………………………………….

4. Amman is an ancient city. It is the capital of Jordan.

Amman, ………………………………………………………………………….

5. Many cancer patients live far away from Amman and the journey to and from the hospital is often difficult. The KHCC is located in Amman. (using a

relative pronoun)

Many cancer ………………………………………………………………….

6. Some patients have already tried the new drug and reported an acceptance.

The new drug …………………………………………………………………

7. “ You’re doing much better these days.”

The teacher told the students …………………………………………………

8. Ali intends to fi nish his project tonight.

Ali is ………………………………………………………………………....

9. Perhaps Issa’s phone is broken. (might)

Issa’s phone …………………….……………………………………………..

10. Somebody has found my missing laptop.

My missing laptop…………………………………………..…………………

11. I asked someone to fi x my computer.

I had ………………………………………………………………………… .

12. It isn’t necessary to switch off the screen.

You ……………………………………………………....................................

13. You are not allowed to touch this machine.

You …………………………………………………………………………...

14. I think you should send a text message.

If ………………………………………………………………….…………..

15. Press that button to make the picture move.

If you ………………………………………………………………………...

16. Mohammad checked his emails, and then he started work.

After…………………………………………………….................................

17. It’s normal for me now to speak English.

I …………………………………………………………………………….

18. He started studying at 5pm and he’s still studying until now.

He ………………………………………………………………. since 5pm.

19. Omar finished cleaning the room before the time his father arrived at.

By the time…………………………………………………………………..

20. At the time of watching a movie, my friend called me.

While ………………………………………………………………..……….

21. I think my friend is planning to travel to the UK before the beginning of 2018.

By 2018 …………………………………………………………………..…..

22. I can’t call you tomorrow morning because I have to attend my exam.

I will …………………………………………………………………………..

23- Can you help me to do this exercise?

Do you mind …………………………………………………………………………… ?


24- What is the best way to revise for exams?

I wonder if you could explain ………………………………………………………… ?

25- Did you enjoy watching the movie?

Could you tell me ………………………………………………………………………… ?

26- They claim that we remember things we hear in our sleep.

It ………………………………………………………………………………………… .

27- They say that fish is good for the brain.

Fish …………………………………………………………………………………….. .

28- It is proved that different cultures also have different ways of seeing colours.

Scientists …………………………………………………………………………... .

29- This book changed my way of thinking. (influence)

This book ………………………………………………………………………………. .

30- I didn’t learn English better when I was younger.

If only ………………………………………………………………………………….. .

31- I wish I had concentrated properly in class today. This homework is really difficult.

I ………………………………………………………………………………………… .

32- An exam that you didn’t do as well in as you expected.

Your father wishes ……………………………………………………………………. .

33- I’m looking at a beautiful view, and I’d love to take a photo.

If only……………………………………………………………………………... .

34- Nasser read the text slowly. (more quickly)

Nasser wishes ………………………………………………………………………….. .

35- Unless she finds her way to the city center, she will call 911 for a help.

If ………………………………………………………………………………………….. .

36- To get gray, you can mix black and white.

When …………………………………………………………………………………….. .

37- Saeed left his camera at home, so he wasn’t able to take pictures of the parade. (could)

………………………………………………………………………………………

38- I had a headache yesterday, and I didn’t do well in the Maths test. (might)

……………………………………………………………………………………….

39- I didn’t know your phone number, so I wasn’t able to contact you. (could)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

40- You had a brightly-coloured T-shirt on. That’s how I noticed you in the crowd. (might not)

………………………………………………………………………………………………

41- I worked really hard the day before the exam. I got top marks. (might not)

………………………………………………………………………………………………


Ali and His mother were sitting in their living room and they had this dialogue; report what is said at this dialogue. Ali told his mother “I was trying to

call you many time but you didn’t answer my call so I got worried that something happened to you, therefore, I decided to get back home as soon as possible and

I am here feeling comfortable that you are well. Next time I am going to install a new control camera so that I can see you anytime”. The mother replied “I feel

so proud of you and I am really sorry about this”. Now report the dialogue starting Ali told his mother ……………………………………………

The underlined words in the following sentences are not used correctly. Replace these words with correct ones.

1- Mariam Al- Fihri was the person which supervises the building of Al-Andalus Mosque.

2- My grandma is used to tell us stories when we were children.

3- I used to playing football at the yard nowadays.

4- Perhaps, I am going to leave early today.

5- I’m almost certain that I will meet my friends tonight at the local park.

6- The bus is leaving at 7:30 am.

7- Excuse me, is there the chemist’s near here .

8- I used to going early to school.

Study the following sentence and answer the following question that follow. (6)

1- Furthermore, in order to reduce its carbon footprint, Masdar City will be a car-free zone, designed to be pedestrian and cycle-friendly.

What is the function of using “Furthermore” in the previous sentence?

2- They’ve been sleeping all the night.

What is the function of using “the present Perfect Continuous” in the previous sentence?

3- The event which changed disabled lives was the Special Olympic Games.

What is the function of using “Cleft Sentence” in the previous sentence?

4- I wish I had travelled to the UK.

What is the function of using wish in the previous statement?

tenses…كثف... · 2019-06-20 · waleed yassin/ general english/ twelfth grade/ 2018-2019/...

Documents