term 1 : map skills. unit 2: hemispheres.unit 2 ... · latitude and longitude lines are grid...

of 2 Social Sciences - Geography: Grade 6 – Term 1: Contents page

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Term 1 : Map SkillsTerm 1 : Map SkillsTerm 1 : Map SkillsTerm 1 : Map Skills.... Unit 1: Latitude Unit 1: Latitude Unit 1: Latitude Unit 1: Latitude &&&& longitudelongitudelongitudelongitude: Globe.: Globe.: Globe.: Globe. How to use a map.

Measure distance.

New words:

Equator - Line that divides

earth into north & south.

Greenwich Meridian - Line

from North- to South Pole,

through Greenwich (town),

in England.

Latitude - Position between

the equator & the Poles.

Degree (⁰) - Unit of

measurement for angles

(right angle= 90⁰)

Longitude - Position east or

west of Greenwich Meridian

Unit 2: Hemispheres.Unit 2: Hemispheres.Unit 2: Hemispheres.Unit 2: Hemispheres. Identify hemispheres:

on a globe,

Identify hemispheres:

on a flat map.

New words:

Hemisphere - Half of a

sphere; round shape.

Unit 3Unit 3Unit 3Unit 3: Latitude: Latitude: Latitude: Latitude &&&& longitudelongitudelongitudelongitude: Map.: Map.: Map.: Map. Read latitude & longitude

on a map.

Degrees: globe to map.

New words:

Co-ordinates - Reference

points for latitude &

longitude on a map.

Unit 4: Unit 4: Unit 4: Unit 4: SSSScalecalecalecalessss.... Scales for different maps.

Read, copy, draw scales.

Line scale.

Word scale.

New words:

Scale - Distance on map

compared to actual distance

Line scale - Distance on map

to distance on ground.

Word scale - Scale in words.

of 2 Social Sciences - Geography: Grade 6 – Term 1: Contents page


Unit 5:Unit 5:Unit 5:Unit 5: MeasurMeasurMeasurMeasure e e e distance.distance.distance.distance. Measure distance.

Use scales.

Unit 6: AtlasesUnit 6: AtlasesUnit 6: AtlasesUnit 6: Atlases.... Information provided.

Contents page explained.

Read, use, compare.

New words:

Atlas - Book of maps.

Physical map - Natural

features: rivers, mountains.

Political Map - Humans

made: borders, towns.

Contents page - Front of a

book; list of topics with

page references.

Unit 7: Own province Unit 7: Own province Unit 7: Own province Unit 7: Own province in an atlas.in an atlas.in an atlas.in an atlas. Find information about

your province.

Unit 8: Unit 8: Unit 8: Unit 8: SSSStatistics.tatistics.tatistics.tatistics. Work with statistics.

New words:

Statistics - Facts measured

in numbers.

Global - Around the world.

Unit 9: Unit 9: Unit 9: Unit 9: CCCCurrent eventsurrent eventsurrent eventsurrent events.... Find news items.

New words:

Current event – Event that

happened recently, was on

the news.

of 1 Social Sciences - Geography: Grade 6 – Term 1: New words Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za

GRGRGRGR6666: : : : SSSSSSSS ---- GeographyGeographyGeographyGeography ---- NNNNew Wordsew Wordsew Wordsew Words –––– TermTermTermTerm 1111::::

U1 Equator

Line dividing

earth in north

and south.

Greenwich Meridian

Line from North- to

South Pole, through

Greenwich, England.

Latitude

Position

between

equator and

the Poles.

Degree (⁰)

Unit of

measurement for

angles.

(right angle: 90⁰)

Longitude

Position east or

west of

Greenwich

Meridian.

U2 Hemisphere

Half of a

sphere.

(round shape)

U3 Co-ordinates

Reference

points: latitude

and longitude.

U4 Scale

Distance: map

compared to

ground.

Line scale

Scale showing

distance on the map

for actual distance.

Word scale

Explained in

words.

U6 Atlas

Book of maps.

Physical map

Natural features:

rivers, mountains.

Political map

Human made:

borders, towns

Contents page

Front of book;

list of topics,

with page

references.

U8 Statistics

Facts measured

in numbers.

Global

Around the world.

U9 Current event

Recently

happened; in

the news.

Social Sciences - Geography: Grade 6 – Term 1 – Mind Map Copyright @ www.summariessa.co.za

Equator: Divides earth- north and

south. Greenwich Meridian: Divides

earth- east and west. Latitude: Lines

between equator and Poles.

(Measure: ⁰N / ⁰S) Longitude: Lines

east/west of Greenwich Meridian.

(Measure: ⁰E / ⁰W)

Co-ordinates: Points showing Latitude and Longitude.

Latitude shows distances north or south of the

Equator (sides of map).

Longitude shows distances east or west of the

Greenwich Meridian. (top or bottom of a map).

Hemisphere: Half of sphere (ball).

Next to equator – Northern and

Southern Hemisphere.

Next to Greenwich Meridian -

Western and Eastern Hemisphere.

Place a strip of paper at both points you want

to measure. Make a mark at these points.

Place the paper strip next to the line scale on

the map, with the first mark at 0 km. Where

the other mark is, is the actual distance.

Current events: Something that recently happened,

in the news. Natural happening – earthquakes or

storms. Something people did – building a big dam,

finding new medicine.

Global: Around the world.

Statistics: Facts measured in numbers.

Highest and Lowest, Length, Largest, Most, etc.

Not everyone agrees, different ways to measure something, things

can change. For example, where you start to measure distance or

height, where an ocean ends and begins, where the border ends,

population also changes.

Atlas: A book with maps. (Also facts and information)

Physical map: Natural – rivers and mountains.

Political map: Man-made – borders and countries.

Contents page: In front of the book , everything in it, page references.

Line scale: Scale that shows distance on a map

to determine distance on the ground.

Word scale: Scale explained in words.

U1: Latitude and longitude: Globe.

U2: Hemispheres. U3: Latitude and Longitude: Map.

U4: Concept of scales.

U5: Straight-line distances.

U6: Atlases, global statistics and current events.

U8: Global statistics.

U9: Current events. Map SkillsMap SkillsMap SkillsMap Skills:::: Gr. 6 Gr. 6 Gr. 6 Gr. 6 ---- GeographyGeographyGeographyGeography

Term 1 –SS-

of 29 Social Sciences - Geography – Grade 6 – Term 1


Unit 1: Latitude and Longitude on a globe. (P. 4(P. 4(P. 4(P. 4----6)6)6)6)

New words:

Equator Line that divides earth in

north and south.

Greenwich Meridian Line from North- to South

Pole, through Greenwich,

England.

Latitude Position between equator

and the Poles.

Degree (⁰) Unit of measurement for

angles.

(right angle: 90⁰)

Longitude Position east or west of

Greenwich Meridian

Page 2 of 29 Social Sciences - Geography – Grade 6 – Term 1


There are imaginary lines on maps and globes.

Help to see where places are in the world.

Two important lines: Equator (divides earth into north and south) and

Greenwich Meridian (divides earth into east and west).

Lines that show a place between the Equator and the North- or South

Pole are called lines of latitude.

This position is measured in degrees north or south.

Lines of longitude go around the earth from the North Pole to the

South Pole, east or west from the Greenwich Meridian.

This position is measured in degrees east or west.

Because earth is round, you can’t see all the sides at the same time.



Unit 2: Hemispheres. ((((PPPP.... 7777----9999))))

New words:

Hemisphere Half of a sphere.

(round shape)

“Hemi” means half.

“Sphere” is a round shape (ball).

A Hemisphere is therefore half of a sphere.

If Earth is divided along the Equator in two halves- half is Northern

Hemisphere and half is Southern Hemisphere.

If Earth is divided at the Greenwich Meridian at 180⁰ longitude line- half is

Western Hemisphere and half is Eastern Hemisphere.

Every place on earth is in two Hemispheres at the same time.

South Africa, for example,

is in the Southern Hemisphere (south of the Equator)

and in the Eastern Hemisphere (east of the Greenwich Meridian)



Unit 3: Latitude and Longitude on a map. ((((PPPP.... 10101010----11111111))))

New words:

Co-ordinates Reference points

for latitude and

longitude.

How to read degrees on a map.

(Degrees from a globe to a flat map.)

Lines of latitude - read how far a place is to north or south of the Equator.

Marked - sides of the map.

Lines of longitude - read how far a place is to east or west of the Greenwich

Meridian.

Marked - top or bottom of the map.

Refer to P.11 in the handbook for a map of the world.

Latitude and longitude lines are grid references that give an exact point and

not just a square.

This point is given in co-ordinates.

For example, 20⁰N en 80⁰E meets at a point in the middle of India.

Lines of latitude

and longitude



Unit 4: Concept of scale. ((((PPPP.... 12121212----13131313))))

New words:

Scale Distance: map compared to

distance: ground.

Line scale Scale that shows distance on

the map and what actual

distance is.

Word scale The scale is explained in

words.

1 cm on the map =

200 km on the ground.

Scales for different maps.

Scale of a map - How much smaller the map is compared to actual size of

the place.

Scales are used to work out actual distances.

You can see the different scales in each of the following pictures.

World Map South Africa



Line scales and Word scales.

Example: 1 cm on the map = 100 km on the ground.

1 cm on the map = 50 m on the ground.

A Word scale: Words that says what the scale is.

Example: 1 cm on the map = 100 km on the ground.

Mpumalanga Durban



Unit 5: Measuring straight-line distances on a South African and world map. ((((PPPP. 14. 14. 14. 14----15)15)15)15) The pictures below show how to measure distance between two places.

To measure direct or straight-line distance:

Place a strip of paper so the edge

touches both points.

Mark on the paper at each point.

Place the paper on the line scale on

the map.

Place the first mark at the 0-km point.

Where the second mark is, is the real/

actual distance.

Here is another way you can measure actual distance:

Scale for this map



Unit 6: Atlases, global statistics and current events.

New words: (P. 16(P. 16(P. 16(P. 16----18)18)18)18)

Atlas A book of maps.

Physical map Natural features:

Rivers, mountains.

Political map Human made:

Borders, towns.

Contents page Front of book; list of

topics, with page

references.



Different maps.

Physical map – Natural with mountains and rivers.

Political map – Human made with country borders and towns.

Physical map Political map

Information provided in an atlas.

World atlas: political and physical maps of the world,

also countries and continents.

World atlas for South Africa: Each province of South Africa.

An atlas may have other maps and facts that give other information, like

Population in millions

Population statistics from an atlas Photo from an atlas.



How the contents page of an atlas is organised:

An atlas: contents page in front of the book, that lists all the maps and

information it includes.

Contents

Page Page

Map Skills World

Map symbols 4 - 5 Physical 28 - 29

Direction 6 Political 30 - 31

Lines of latitude and longitude 7 Climate and vegetation 32 - 33

Scale 8 - 9 Population 34 - 35

South Africa The Continents and Pacific Ocean

Physical 10 - 11 Africa - political 36

Political 12 - 13 Africa - physical 37

Climate 14 Asia 38

Vegetation 14 Europe 39

Agriculture 15 Australia and New Zealand 40

Mining and minerals 15 North America 41

South America 42

South Africa's provinces Pacific Ocean and Islands 43

Northern Cape 16 - 17 Antarctica 44

Western Cape 18 - 19

Eastern Cape 20 - 21 Earth is Space

KwaZulu-Natal 22 The solar system 45

Mpumalanga 23 Seasons and time zones 46

Limpopo 24 The moon 47

North-West 25

Free State 26 Index

Gauteng 27 Index of place names 48 - 52



Unit 7: Our province in an atlas. ((((PPPP. 19. 19. 19. 19----20)20)20)20)

What information can a map give about a province?

There are different atlases that have maps and information about the

world, also about our country and the nine provinces.

Each province is different: size, cities, industries, wide open spaces,

amount of rivers, etc.



Unit 8: Global statistics. ((((PPPP. 21. 21. 21. 21----22)22)22)22)

New words:

Statistics Facts measured in numbers.

Global Around the world.

Statistics.

The amount of students is a statistic.

Rainfall statistics indicates the amount of rainfall in a specific time frame.

Rainfall is measured in mm.

Temperature statistics is provided with temperature in ⁰C.



Global statistics.

Global statistics include:

World records in sport- Fastest time 100 m was run.

Highest and lowest temperatures measured on earth.

Longest rivers and highest mountains.

Look at the table below:

Rivers Length (km) Mountains Height (m) Nile

Amazon

Yangtze

6 695

6 516

6 380

Mount Everest

K – 2

Kanchenjunga

8 848

8 611

8 586

Cities Population (people) Countries Size (km²) Tokyo

New York

Sao Paulo

34 400 000

20 100 000

17 700 000

Russia

Canada

China

17 098 442

9 984 670

9 640 011

Hot deserts Size (km²) Oceans Size (km²) Sahara

Arabian Desert

Kalahari

9 100 000

2 330 000

900 000

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

155 557 000

76 762 000

68 556 000

Forests Size (km²) Russian Taiga

Amazon

Canadian Taiga

7 762 602

5 500 000

3 101 340

Not everyone agrees with the statistics (different methods to measure)

A river’s length depends on the starting point.

Population depends on where the edge of a city is, amounts also change.

All oceans form one world ocean. They have different names at different

points, where one ends and the next begins, can be questioned.



Unit 9: Locate major current events or places in the news on a map. ((((PPPP 23232323----24)24)24)24)

New words:

Current event Recently happened that was

in the news.

Events.

Events are happening around the world every day.

Natural events: earthquakes/big storms.

Things that people do: building a big dam/or finding new medicine.

Current events.

An event that recently happened.

The news informs us of current events.

Usually we are told about what and where something happened.



Activity 1 – Unit 1 (P. 3)

Look at the photograph.

Look at the photograph on p.2 and discuss the following questions:

1. What is the correct name for the “ball” the learners are looking at?

A globe.

2. Choose three words from the list below to explain where each of the

three learners are pointing at:

1- Equator, Atlantic Ocean.

2- North Pole.

3- South of the Equator.

3. Discuss the places on the list you did not choose.

Where are they?

North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere.

The Pacific Ocean is east of Africa and south of Asia.

Australia is a continent (and a country) in the Pacific Ocean.

Antarctica is at the North Pole.

4. Explain why you can’t see all the places on the photo?

The photograph only shows a part of the globe, you have to turn the

globe in order to see the other places.

South of the Equator Pacific Ocean

North Pole

Indian Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

South Pole Antarctica

Equator

Australia




Identify the Hemispheres on a globe.

1. Are these sentences true or false?

a. The continent of Africa is situated in all four Hemispheres.

True

b. Egypt is in the Northern Hemisphere.

True.

c. Egypt is also in the Eastern Hemisphere.

True.

d. South Africa is both in the Southern Hemisphere and the Northern

Hemisphere.

False.




Identify the Hemispheres on a map.

1. Name the two Hemispheres in which the following continents are in:

a. Australasia

Southern and Eastern Hemispheres

b. North America

Northern and Western Hemispheres

c. Asia

Northern and Eastern Hemispheres

2. Name two continents that are in three Hemispheres.

Antarctica

South America




Read Latitude and Longitude on a map.

Use the map on p.11 to answer the following questions.

1. Name three countries which each of the following lines run through:

a. 40⁰S New Zealand, Argentina, Chilli

b. 120⁰W Australia, Indonesia, China

c. 70⁰N Russia, Alaska, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland

d. 30⁰E South Africa, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Egipt, Turkey, Ukraine

2. Which countries have these co-ordinates?

a. 20⁰N 80⁰E India

b. 40⁰N 0⁰ Spain

c. 10⁰S 50⁰W Brazil

d. 20⁰N 50⁰E Saudi Arabia

3. Which cities have these co-ordinates?

a. 30⁰N 31⁰E Cairo

b. 43⁰N 76⁰W Syracuse

c. 34⁰S 151⁰E Sydney

d. 23⁰S 40⁰W Rio de Jeneiro

4. Give co-ordinates for each of these countries:

(Choose a point that is more or less in the middle of the country)

a. South Africa 30⁰S 23⁰E

b. Canada 60⁰N 105⁰W

c. Brazil 15⁰S 50⁰W

d. Australia 25⁰S 135⁰E




Read, copy and draw different scales.

Use the four maps on p.12 to complete this activity.

1. Copy the Word scale that is provided on the world map.

1 cm on the map = 3 200 km on the ground

2. Copy and label the line scale on the map of Mpumalanga.

0 72 145 216 360

3. Look at the map of South Africa.

a. How many km on the ground is a distance of 3 cm on this map?

600 km

b. What is the distance on the ground between two places that are 7

cm apart on this map?

1 400 km

4. Look at the street map.

a. How many metres on the ground is 3 cm on the map?

3 000 km

b. What is the distance in metres between two places that are 7 cm

apart on this map?

7 000 km

5. Which one of these four maps shows the smallest area?

Durban

6. Write the Word scale for this Line scale:

1 cm on the map = 50 km on the ground

7. Draw your own Line scale for this Word scale:

1 cm on the map = 200 km on the ground.

0 200 400 600 800




Measure distances and use scales.

Look at the pictures on p.14 and answer the following questions:

Use the map of South Africa on p.15 to answer the following questions:

1. Use a ruler and the Word scale to measure the straight-line distance on

the ground:

a. from East London to Pretoria

688 km

b. from Mafikeng to Polokwane

400 km

2. Use your strip of paper and the Line scale to measure the straight-line

distance on the ground:

a. from Cape Town to Johannesburg

1 104 km

b. from Port Nolloth on the west coast to Durban on the east coast

1 200 km

Use the map of the world on p.11 to answer the following questions.

4. Use a ruler and the Word scale to measure the straight-line distance:

a. from Cape town to Perth

7 800 km

b. from Rio de Jeneiro to New York

6 000 km

5. Use your strip of paper and the Line scale to measure the straight-line

distance:

a. from Cape Town to Calcutta

6 750 km

b. from Sydney to Tokyo

6 900 km



Activity 8 – Unit 6 (P.18)

Read and use a Contents page.

Look at the contents page on p.17 and find the information to answer

these questions:

1. What are the seven headings that are given in this Contents page?

Map skills, South Africa,

South Africa’s provinces,

World,

The continents and the Pacific Ocean,

Earth in space,

Index.

2. How many pages does this atlas have?

52 pages.

3. Why does every atlas need a Contents page?

So that the reader can find information fast and easy.

4. How many topics does the Contents page list under Map Skills?

Four topics.

5. How many pages does the physical map of South Africa consist of?

Two pages.

6. Which page(s) is given for the province you live in?

Give the page number(s).

7. Which pages will you turn to if you want to find out about:

a. World population 34-35

b. Seasons 46

c. South Africa’s climate 14

d. New Zealand 40

e. Countries of the world 30-31

f. Rivers of Africa 37

8. What is on the last page of this atlas?

An index of places’ names.

It gives page references and can have more that one reference if a city is

on more than one page. (For example; Johannesburg p. 15, 27, 31, 36)



Unit 7 – Province puzzle. (P. 19)

Number 1 – Gauteng

Number 2 – Limpopo

Number 3 – Northern Cape

Number 4 – KwaZulu-Natal

Number 5 – Freestate

Number 6 – Mpumalanga

Number 7 – Eastern Cape

Number 8 – Western Cape

Number 9 – North West




Work with a statistics table.

Use the statistics table on p.21 to answer these questions:

1. a. Which is the world’s largest country?

Russia.

b. Which is the world’s highest mountain?

Mount Everest.

c. How long is the longest river in the world?

6 695 km.

d. About how many people live in the world’s largest city?

34,4 million.

2. Are these sentences true or false?

a. The Amazon River is the third longest river in the world.

False.

b. The city with the most people in the world is New York.

False.

c. The biggest hot desert is bigger than the biggest forest.

True.

d. Russia is larger than Canada and China put together.

False.

e. The Pacific Ocean is larger than the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian

Ocean put together.

True.

3. Read the information on this page about how statistics can change.

a. Give an example of a statistic on the table that could be different.

What could make it different?

An example is population

b. Give an example of any other statistic that can change.

Explain why it can change.

Give any valid answer.



Revision: Term Assessment (P. 25Revision: Term Assessment (P. 25Revision: Term Assessment (P. 25Revision: Term Assessment (P. 25----27)27)27)27) [25 Points][25 Points][25 Points][25 Points]

1. Fill in the missing words: [5]

a. We can find places on a map by using lines of latitude and

________________________.

b. The Equator is a line of ________________________.

c. 0⁰ longitude is called the _______________________________________.

d. From 0⁰ longitude you can go 180⁰ west or 180⁰ __________________.

e. The South Pole is ___________⁰ south.

2. Look at this map and answer the questions below. [7]



a. Which mountain is on the Equator? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

b. In which two hemispheres is the island of Madagascar? [2]

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

c. In what Ocean is a boat sailing at 40⁰S, 20⁰ W? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

d. Which city is at 26⁰S, 28⁰E? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

e. Give the co-ordinates for the city of Cairo in Egypt. [2]

__________________________________________________________________



3. Use the map on the previous page of the North-West Province to answer

the questions. [9]

a. Which country shares a border with the North West province? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

b. Which province is on the south-western side of the North West Province?

________________________________________________________________[1]

c. Name the mountains that are closest to Hartebeespoort Dam. [1]

__________________________________________________________________

d. How high above sea-level is Barberspan? [1]

__________________________________________________________________

e. Draw a line scale that can be used with this map [3]

- Use the word scale to give you the information you need.

- Make your line scale 10 cm long.

f. How many kilometres is the straight-line distance between Mmabatho and

Klerksdorp? [2]

__________________________________________________________________



4. List four uses of atlases that you can think of.

Start your sentences with: We need atlases in our school because: [4]

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Total [25 Points]



RevisionRevisionRevisionRevision: : : : MEMO MEMO MEMO MEMO [25 Points][25 Points][25 Points][25 Points]

1. Fill in the missing words: [5]

a. We can find places on a map by using lines of latitude and longitude.

b. The Equator is a line of latitude.

c. 0⁰longitude is called the Greenwich meridian.

d. From 0⁰longitude you can go 180⁰ west or 180⁰east.

e. The South Pole is 90⁰south.

2. Look at this map and answer the questions below. [7]

a. Which mountain is on the Equator? [1]

Mountain Kilimanjaro.

b. In which two hemispheres is the island of Madagascar? [2]

South and east.

c. In what Ocean is a boat sailing at 40⁰S, 20⁰ W? [1]

South Atlantic Ocean.

d. Which city is at 26⁰S, 28⁰E? [1]

Johannesburg.

e. Give the co-ordinates for the city of Cairo in Egypt. [2]

30⁰N 30⁰E

3. Use the map on the previous page of the North-West Province to answer

the questions. [9]

a. Which country shares a border with the North West province? [1]

Botswana.

b. Which province is on the south-western side of the North West

Province? [1]

Northern Cape.

c. Name the mountains that are closest to Hartebeespoort Dam. [1]

Magaliesburg mountains.

d. How high above sea-level is Barberspan? [1]

1 000 m



e. Draw a line scale that can be used with this map [3]

- Use the word scale to give you the information you need.

- Make your line scale 10 cm long.

4. How many kilometres is the straight-line distance between Mmabatho

and Klerksdorp? [2]

± 162 km.

5. List four uses of atlases that you can think of.

Start your sentences with: We need atlases in our school because: [4]

Reasons can include the following:

We can see where current events took place.

Atlases give different information about the world.

To learn about longitude and latitude.

We can look for the places we are learning about in the atlas.

We can use different maps to learn about scales.

Maps can be used for other subjects such as History.

It shows places around the world.

Total [25 Points]

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

1 cm = 50 km

term 1 : map skills. unit 2: hemispheres.unit 2 ... · latitude and longitude lines are grid...

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