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CHAPTER 2

RELATED STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY

The review of literatre for thi! !t"# $roa"l# fo%!e" o& Chil"hoo"

O$e!it#' it! (revale&%e a%ro!! the Phili((i&e! a&" aro&" the worl") a! wella! the %a!e a&" %o&!e*e&%e! relate" to %hil"re&+! health, S(e%i-%atte&tio& wa! .ive& to !t"ie! (re!e&ti&. "ata o& %rre&t "ia.&o!i!)/a&a.e/e&t a&" treat/e&t !trate.ie! !e" $# (rovi"er!, 0oreover) theliteratre wa! e1a/i&e" for varia$le! whi%h /a# %halle&.e (rovi"er! a&"i&e&%e health ot%o/e! for %hil"re&, 0a of the !t"ie! i"e&ti-e" &i*efa%tor! whi%h /a# $e li&3e" to the %o&ti&e" ri!e of %hil"re&+! wei.ht a&"a!!o%iate" %o4/or$i"itie!, The!e i&%l"e" ho/e a&" !%hool e&viro&/e&t)re.io& of re!i"e&%e) ra%e a&" eth&i% %ltre, 0o!t re!ear%her! ar.e thate&viro&/e&tal fa%tor! i& earl# life %a& "eter/i&e the ri!3 of later o$e!it#,Ver# #o&. %hil"re& a((ear to have the i&&ate a$ilit# to $ala&%e their %alori%

i&ta3e with the (h#!i%al otow, I& other wor"!) their i&ta3e i! $a!e" o& theire&er.# &ee"!, A! the# .row ol"er) however) the# !ee/ to lo!e thi! a$ilit#a&" i&!tea" re!(o&" to e1ter&al %e!) !%h a! the a/o&t of foo" availa$le5A&"er!o&) et al,) 26678,

A !t"# of 9)2:;< %hil"re& reveal! fa%tor! that are !tati!ti%all#!i.&i-%a&tl# a!!o%iate" with %hil"hoo" o$e!it# i&%l"i&. !e"e&tar# $ehaviora&" "ietar# (atter&! a/o&. other!, The o""! ratio of "evelo(i&. o$e!it# ha!a (o!itive li&ear %orrelatio& with the &/$er of hor! of televi!io& viewi&.5Reill#) et al,) 266;8, Chil"re& who !(e&" /ore ti/e wat%hi&. televi!io& arele!! li3el# to (arti%i(ate i& (h#!i%al a%tivit# 5Li&"!a#) et al) 26678, I& a""itio&)

=&3 foo" %o&!/(tio& (atter& at a.e : wa! !i.&i-%a&tl# a!!o%iate" witho$e!it# at a.e >, Televi!io& viewi&. /a# al!o i&"%e (oor eati&. ha$it! $#e1(o!i&. %hil"re& to %o//er%ial! for &o&4&tritio! foo"! that .reatl#i&e&%e their (refere&%e! for foo"!, I& ?@9;) Diet a&" ort/a3er fo&"that a& a""itio&al hor of televi!io& viewi&. i! a!!o%iate" with 2 (er%e&t ofi&%rea!e i& the (revale&%e of o$e!it#, Bilt e&viro&/e&t !%h a! (ro1i/it# to!%hool) re%reatio&al a%tivitie!) .ree& !(a%e a&" the !afet# to &ei.h$orhoo"have al!o $ee& i"e&ti-e" a! fa%tor! i&e&%i&. the "evelo(/e&t of%hil"hoo" o$e!it# 5Reill#) et al,) 266;8,

The 266< Natio&al Health a&" Ntritio& E1a/i&atio& Srve# 5NHANES II8

!rve#e" %hil"re& :@;9 %hil"re& $etwee& the a.e! of 2 a&" ?@ a%ro!! theU&ite" State!, The -&"i&.! were %o/(are" with "ata fro/ 2666 a&" earlierto loo3 at (revale&%e tre&"! for o$e!it#, B0I for ?>,? were /ea!re" at ora$ove the @;th (er%e&tile for a.e 5He"le#) O."e&) oh&!o&) Carroll) Crti& etal) 266

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with Chi&a !howi&. a& i&%rea!e of ?? of O$e!it# (revale&%e a&" reatBritai&+! (revale&%e &earl# tri(li&., Prevale&%e tre&"! "iFer $# ra%e a&"eth&i% ori.i& for %hil"re& 5O."e&) Carroll) Crti&) 0%"owell) Ta$a3) et al,)2667' Wa&.) 0o&teiro) G Po(3i&) 26628,

O+Rahill# a&" aroo*i 526678 ar.e that %a!ative /tatio& i& h/a&.e&e! a&" the hi.hl# herita$le &atre of o$e!it# i! the tre %a!e of the ri!ei& the (revale&%e of %hil"hoo" o$e!it#, Their re!ear%h -&"! the /tatio& to"i!r(t the f&%tio& of h#(othala/i% i&te.rative %e&ter! that lea"! toi&%rea!e foo" i&ta3e, The !t"# -&"! the e!ti/ate" herita$ilit# of B0I tora&.e $etwee& 7