1. CERONEGETTING STARTED:INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS ANDDEFINITIONS

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Wi+1A +k"-t eltpV-es-slOl. )Cl~ .so",jltjfov- V~3 -.3 =(-.3) W -I-v-..~ VZ. P. V (,~I I I :::. (-.~)("~S8~)7 7 B 1+ ILf- I ffZ.- 3 + Ii S ffl} .@o ll,f/{V2.)(2 S #,)1.3 I 8~1"1"1 i&1 2, ~ 1= O.4(11~==t> V2. ::.:. 1l..E..M Z,Z...., KNOvJN: A 34.S LUl.cJ.:et8oe5 tt compr"essJolll prDleSS, P -eSSUY-e, a,1fId volume.... are. 9,,ve.n at ftte ,t-J ihal and -f,iittLl skfe.s. P....essure o.~ V(9ICLMe. Ctr-e re."t12.. _ _ _ ...J,I ~ Ip~1"1. - f. Ii (-0,3) ~ ""M ve lu jI; VMPTIQN~~ (.,)The ga..s is a. closet:-< s~bfem. (2J The e}(pcu1!iol1 lSpo) :J wp (c. ANAI.:"S~; The pr~ssuYe - volLC.rne ye"la. hC1-. fo( +-ke pY"oc~ss l.s.PV = c. 0 l.S t, =t> f =- U>,,"st. lhu..s J ""ke p-V tLt~ra.Yfl is: SD IVz.vJ:f p~V V,/00o .2. .3.I.f.5V -Yl-1 3+0 f"-l->d.1 te(.(e nVlI ",e ike wo rk .>swbs+itv..te. +-t,e. p- V ve (a.flOY jVft, 2~. ~ ./7 0. 1.& in.f-eq ra..-Ie .W ::.JV4r0 V :: JV-z. 0:0~t.)o. V = F: V, .Q11 ~ V,~I::. (SODkPA)(O.1 mJ) ~(!2.:)IJ0,3NITV211 Ilc.:f ..: 0.1,kP""" lOtJMQ) =t8D. I, k:.J"414~ --:":"_ I. The ioa r lc is rOfdt,ve fl>r-l-he. eKpAt1SIo""-JtSlCpec+ed.. 65. PROBLEM 2,30.KNOWN: AIr- u,V&ergoe.s(L folj-lroP"" lroce~~ bt.MteVl fwo specl+Ied ~-b,FIND: "De-1e((hit1e #Ie work,SCHEMA-TLL g GIVEJJ DMA :,. ---.... .Y.l.::: O.J. Ibmof" AIr{ ~ F; = U) ,."fI i~~ tr, = u. so #3/Ib~J r: ~O Ibf/l1~ U"z.:3.Q8.ff3/{1,. . . - ,. r vJt I 2- =: c.onsfa.." +ASSWMPTL0AJ5 ~C,) The. a.~r is a. closed cSroces!.,~~, From fhe pr~$su,re-voLu.rne re-lce.fLoYl-fo.r "- ,ol~ffr0P;G frocessF: v, M=g,vi ;::> f.1J, IJt ::. pz.U2 thVV :.(0.2. 0 mo)MO) ::. S.lll.{ 0 w =. (S.1qt.(Ib) r(gO l?fhil~ )(3,(U; tlb)-(20)(U .so)] t( - l.~07) ]4LHZ ",211~118.f+.JDt Iz- 31 66. Pt P"4 -::. F: ( -_ = 2110. 23 k.P~.-rhus, the.rv: d/~rt:un is 1J% Q;< 3 1 "";;;; . ._ ~_ _ 3 .:::J.I 200 0- 100 I .O,.01.. #O~ .eq 1.)""- m 1/kjThe u.x>rk. -for eCdA Pfocess is deteYmVed. u.s lV~ E~. 2.11 W =Spav:. "" S rd.u ~> ~ ::. {f~JWO"Z.~ ~ ~ co.St do V = I,. U"~ - f. V; ) W::.t"1,~.3 Q- :t2,,Io:Z:~ c.Pa.)(.O.D2M" 1) - 3)1-1.3 (100 )(D.04)11 ,o~ Nlll"2.11 ])c.PC4. . 1c:.J" 03tJ~ I= -3.082.lC:S/KI031O~ =-+t1.q 2Lf~ kJ/t:j Wl 3M :. ~ +- W-z.3W yY _ -+I 8.."U 2 /- k:r10 _""i!!!/ Qotc:L-F"lIsQ.T Cot;,s-ta",,;.sp4>ed.F(~H)~De.,..,........... - e, 1- iY"J-r~c:l f0-Ue..... ~ t"-- PIAI/t>-.J o."d -+It (ot,.tlO",....e~f>4~dof i"-- Pl.ll t y.~CH1:tItATIC J.."Je:NDATA:R =3 in.["".3 #/S F=mg+v =3ftls m=501bASSUMPTlo,)t:/.T~objecT f,..tls ,,+ COV~tt).ll.t Sp,.~d, Z. ~,ut-eI-et"A.P(/lA of"I"OV~1.;,CO .... ~{,..l.t) d:Sl.oft IE~.Af)A l..(SI r~T~ p0c"u.e.r +r14.~~tft:d it> 1I-..J. PlAII~1 C~ ~ cit ~"1.A",:ite.dAS1ll 6,. 2. /3W= F f"= M1 V: LEM Z.3blSNOW N_: The. rO+lJ.tloto.l spe~~ aV& cllaWeJer of a. drJve s~f.I (Pql/~art? lGnowrt. Tl1e 11e+ force Ofpll.ecl b~ #le. IoeLt Or} tkJ2. @Ltl~ is ofso Bivevt.Elr:m..: ])eh~Y"M~rt(ue and -tl-te. p"wev .fro.~SMtHeJ..SC,4-6MATlC t6fVEN DA-TA:-">1r- R=1)/2 ]) = O.3M(+) 300 RPM ~= Ff ~ - F.= )..Doo N!F2"6eHfe.VlSLOJ fo ...ces fz. >~ ( net fo,nge.,titd force. due-to beJ+ +~1Il,5IC>l")&tJA1YSl~.:The -to~.AI.e.~ calc.u.la.+eJ (,(.Sl"g -I-ke+aW1Q.~tla.( 1cIr(. + Wsk.tf1 , ca Wkd@~(_1.1 w) + (f. 0 1- kW)=- o.o~~VJt t, "Dekrm"c.. ~e. WOl:. &.oVe OV te..b4,Y".5Cl+EMJarT( tGc-lEtl DA-TA:"~ ~$5" cr- C (X-)(,)/X lAr-..L....:--...&..-.....,...... F :: e: A. Co :. 2. X L01 Ie: Po... x~::. LO Cow. IrIf~z. - 10,1 (, W A- TC_d~ ..A5~UMPnQtJ5; (I) T~e. b~v is 0... c.le>E~~ ~d3~W, (2) The. movV~ o0.l.Vc.lQ.i:j i~~~ t:>V~ wo~c. ~ocke.. (3) Th~ oJ..Ydalj i~ te. OVj LOO"~ mod~. ,0) The o..pphec.( 1o(C.0.0 ft Wh. V"~ X SV +to..V~ r;~ V ~-t. ThuS) a,~pl:f~ie,. ;>..12+0 ev~LLt(.tJe. +lte. WOrk. of ~+ovce. FXz.W:-5FtiX1.,10.01 -H- =- J 10f+ (Z,S Xl0 5 X -:Z,S)C10 b ) 0)< =_r,Sf(OS(IO.OIZ.-tO&)- 2..SXIO b (10,01- lO)J =. -} ~. s H, ~foC!ioC!i-- -- _(bl From Pt"olol: D~ ~t""""""~ +~ ie-p.e.-Il.-h,..lt ~*".e"e.t. G(CI"DJ~ +k.t UJ411.SCJ.l-~MA-1c. (Oll/et-J l)fTA:-+{ O.lOtr- C.OIfC ~c.-c. ," Q,(lte*p"(l&A.fe 1/6.( .... - Ol~~__:w.

~--HJW-fll(e a.Cross+~v ..n.1J.1oMt(l;-T;) " -[Q~;1 .1 W/~ kfr~ 7.+4 A-(I~-T ~A :; - [ (l~O W)( 0.2.0 1M) J ~.t{ :K)( I~~)=- ~l,tt K2-15 80. fRO(3l.M 2. "17KNOWIJ: EVle~yb~ {onductlov o ccu.vs a.+ Sf~t:f s+tde. 1rilYlst-ev- +~Y"O~}.- ~ po..Ye. wAll, The dIMeVl.sioYS.,t~rMa.1 COVtJ.uC.+iV/~, tA.ndS ,AX:.bit, : O.5.f+1-+)(A?5UM PTION~:( I) The UJ(J.lIis a.+ stea.d4 s-/Q,.fe. (zJ The. km~ra.;kJ.ye.va.rieslineayfCf -fkrou,h tl-1e. wall. (3) -rhe. ft,eV"MQI oonducfiv,.h.J is LU;forh~vu.( heat fy-(U1SteV is b~ urntUtc,rL6xANAl.,ISIS:t{sl~j E~. 2.3 +O~+heV Wlt~ ttf>SU.""p+WVl 2. lb x =- 1< A~ dx)~ :. To - T~~AX &x" - K A (ToA-;.) se rhlI~ VetllA.-e.s ax: - (O.03t 8 Bk.t.h.,fi.oF)( (~O-10) of 0 +",2.)o.~ 4+=1018ltt/" - 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - & x 81. KNOWN: A sur+o.c.e of ~ ~VetA d.(~Mefe.(" e~L+.s +~mcJ radia~ eLf o:Lc:Vl.OlPn Y~e. 0....+ e, 5fect-rt.ec.t -teMf~.JuNe .F(N~: De+erm,Ve. tke e.missviht of -I-ke su.r.f~ ltVlJ.. flo+ -f.fAe ra.ieof (a~~IItt- etltlS5LC1lI IS. SU~ Te~era.+ure.5e~EMA-TI( , GrvetJ "DA-TA: .A 55 lJ MPTWtJS : (I ) lit e ste~V -ae., =- 15 WBolt:aMo.ll I~w I>;fP (Ii es. ~j The. 1!, =IOOOKemiss;v ~ is co)s~(A,+.ANAlN$S~ U$nj ~. z.S3 IfGe. -=-eO- Alb 50 Vlt~ to-r ..... =-= o.BLf7-. -Eete-rt~e+Ae. S--~~ - ~-tCA...(.e. htttt -tvo.~+eV" (,det~roWJ"+wz Wl.tl(.e5CHE.MMLC.a f:lVE1V DM"A :(~- ..Io v.h ic.(e.. c... f"ITo = -ooFTt:.-z o FIh, :1-5 tv.1 h.~~QR IASSUMPi~oti$: (I) T~ .sjS-kMlS a:ts+e.~jTU>lTwos1ite.(Z, N~vJ+O..sa.w lP~ c.ooh~9 Ct.,rJClS 6X ::: " "11 .for "eA.t-froM tke Q.lV- -l1> t..e. WtA.ll 1J T~e. te,M.V~ft.l-h..reo..lS.h-.bv..tO), islieQ.r ~~014~t"-e. WA"l.L() -~e. ~e.~tWA-lv.... .. ~C.ON.lu.cV i fj ()f +""e WfA,l .SV.l~orVi. I~ xANM,,iSl ~ FoV"" eievog ~ +mV.sf-e.r" be.twe.t.1I te. ~s ;tAe. Q."r o.~ +ke. waLL-Q~ = Xl.. A"(T - TCo W .)(11mf"coJ.uc.tov ttr0"1h -A.e w",U Q =-1< A ~ =- "kA LTwiA:~O) x (2)""Fk~Ll1} tor ene.r~~ ~VS-teroetwo.eV +~e.wo..ll CA~ +".e. ou;tsi:lA.c. ",,,r-a, ~.h A (Two-lo )(:~JNo,,",)-YrOM ) T w::. Tt - Q.~ C~~A) ~4)~A.) ~O~ (5) wo -=. To + 0.0 ( ~~Jt1 (5) Co~bhj(2-) J (4-)" a.cl (5) al&. Yld-I~~ i-~tG.i. ~ Q~ -;:. 40 -= Q. Q::. A (To - T ~ ) CD( -1... + ~ +- --Lhi. X ho )T~$er+ll1tj va-lues (16 0 +f Z) (530- fso) oR Q =-8....+.!:.f+ Bk + 3- .(.S h.-Z, -e.0318 ~. ~12 b h . .(:+~4Pfi)_ Q60 ) (.80) _ 772 Cf CUo. s Fl7J}:WpiSlon =? Q=+80kJUj =2709.9 kJ/kgUz =2659.6 kJ/kg A.s~""PT{()fJS: t. T"~ 5~-. IS+- c::...lo~d syS+eIM.1..h.er-e tS VI-oc.~y~-e..... n -the. /c:,Vtn fR?cessesl~ series.FlN"D: J)e+eYM I~e +he work 4Ve( heed- -fraKSfe(" for fhe sec.on.J.q"-ocess.SC.HeMA-ftcIt G=LVW PMAiprQce~s ,- 2. ~ tr, =Vi. :: 1.1.(34 .f+3/ tJ, J~ :: /00 ,ft,flt"l12.U, :: llOS.8 61u/ It,) Q,2, :: - 581.3" f>1u.Procey2-a t P :. eo Ibf"iA"2,~ V; =. 7.82 #3/lbf2.:: a u,= utu 6k.tllb!5SUMPT1DNS: (J)A clos-etl SC{6fe,wr is u,~e.te.Y" idera:I-LOIf ,(.z,J I< II;et, c.GOttsAM P01e"f.i41 ener9fu./lb-rlus) from C~)Q2..3 -:: (Z){ 1121.1- 815.12) +(75.21) = ~81.8 Bh.t -mrMIl-e ..(br 8 h f)f 0r:e r(). ft i1. (fJ..) tke +O~{ a mo(.A.~+- ef el1erlj5for~ ~ (It: Nto(. value: cf ~ s*("~ eMJrjj. S#P..M4rIC ~ tl-lvetJ DA-rA ~ W ~w:.-If:; 1==== ... 1--- - 1:;115fora.,~ :- =" -I. B :W0(dff,"J I ~t:: 9 h a: ePtelr-iei4-J v(J.(uer1 at "().()8/l:.W~ 1-,._..,. ..,. - A5SVMPTLQNS: (I) The ba-Hev-y is lA. clDSe4 s~s+-e.VV. G2) The WDf"k.~""GC -"ea..+ tytllAr-k-r Vc:lkes Cl,re UfYl.sfO..lA.-t. A=NAI./Sf~: (Cl) me a.mouu,+ &f eJlle,~~ .s+Or~ is fc-u,M fray) aM... WeN"~~bttt~eeL1E: :. (Q - W on To ev().lt..ta:f-e. & ().M.et W Ire~~cftveA~t 2 Q: Ja.dt= QAt::. (-I.B kW)(8h) :. -14.4 Ic.wh /,=- (,.Iv.M l~~_~~~~_. A5SUMPTlONS: t~~WLi aU O(7Q.t"a..+I~ ~ Q.re eunsh.c.t LUiiit h~L (3) ike. noor-mtL s ~ 1 C4YIe.;toY~ -tOo(" ed Q.~ worc, a.re.u.s~. /JrrIM.-"~l~:The. r~e. ~rw o~+.e. e.V~~ lo().~ r.eJuces Q.~ -Celowsd t.rtd ~~ ~o _.. /&t; +,;at ~~ Q. - (W.uu. + W~~)::to Q .. W + Wi~.f.+ dC(. or J us ,v..j ~ ca l/ ~ ~)(f(US ~O"A. ~ h.to.t +vet.~V vue - h A(T lit - "To) :.W +- W6~~..tlLc. ~oVlM~ ~ Tb .~W flee.+ Ws~H (-h~) Evo.l..lCd-.M1~wov-lc. -terMSWLite. :.- 1 e-1Al~ :: - 3fQOO B-W ~Ws"c.~ :dw:-(14.+ t+.l~){50o y~~ )/2.n.J!:lt"D~~ 16~ ~:M~ ~ ~~ 1018"",1 ::. .3+8U)~ J" (- 3"00 + 348bto..e& bJ tt~m.h~~(If-) 6ve~ ~ hlilAe 1>eV"loc.( ef- ~ 11. iWJ- .s t-=zl-)AE ::. J-t:.o (~-w) dt=. Q.1l.i: _~ t"~_Bt) tlt /~Z~(_e} dt].j. lJ-l;=o t=tl,=. (-to )(2.) -[~) it -[ 1.IE-8)t; 2.= -2.0-[C-tf)] -[(-8)(2-1)]::: - 8 kWh 1lwsAE. =. (-f> b-W.h)1 1I lGJ/sll?>6eosl :: -28}8c:>o b.~44-------::::=; wiLc:. l " I. At i o.e " J -f1te e~ef6~ ef #Ie sjskm is olec.r.gasi",s a.tl ra:~ ~f s.21cWbeca..u,se +he. rttfe &+ ee.,~ hu",sfev ~ b~ k.ea..t e~ceed.s tkt2. Yl~ ofeV e.Vl ~ -tv"cUuf rk. .z. ~e Jle.JJ a..fwe.. ~., k d.elto/e,s o: 1Ile:C dec.yetLSe. ~ e ke.-q ~ over #te 1-1 Me pe.v- rod.. 96. PRoPJLeM a.ezKNOW.N: A storlUJe. batt-erg aeve/ops a kMWV1 fo()Jer ou.fpl).f ~ A full1cfi01 ~ t.J1,te.FIND. Plo1- -ftte power t)u,tpLtt "K~ fLte cM.a.1l1e. ,i1 ene r9:1 of fltebatfe"-fj J ecu:..h a.. s C( #c.K C 11 Df Yi1 e . f"t> +,SeWE.MA-TtC. ~ GIVEN VArA:- - - - -J.r-,..--I+W ::t.z eKp (-il foC)I; s-tora.s e ~ (where. W ,:S 141 /c.Wa)c! -/; is +,~e J~ s).Q.::.o. - bccHe.ry- ---,- - -- IAS5UM@TLQN~~ (I) A elo.se~S~SkM is u.kdercoYsid.eYaJLo~.(2)Therl!-is-nD nea.t -frD.vlsfef".AzVAl8SI$.: The h~e raie.of dtQ.K~e. of 6ljskWl eMkV~ isc!.E - -Glt -)6l.. ;,toW-"-. cl. - - w...,... d+ -ordE -= -1.1. ~p{-t/bO)dt.~o""" i. =D -t. (J..1It -k1M..~ 1;1;L)t -::. -J o 11. el Z-SOs :1.5 - . - - - - - - - - - - , o ---r--------~ -10 -201 -30 -40 -500.5 -60 -70 -80 -h-r,...,...,....,r-r-r-r-..,....,...,...r-r-r-r-..,....,...,...,....,....,...,...,....lo50 100150 200250 o 50 100 150 200 250 t (s)t (s)(b) IV+kL IaMitD.$ i.l).OJW~o ~lId ~E-+ -12.k-T. The. plof sLtow we- kClve 5~{(.t ~e.se .wt+s (l,re ""11roCldft~.e( clc"e,l~ A~V- CA~Ou..t 2.2.5 s. For +l~es~Ye.ttttr ~" ~l.f) 0 WOY"~ elec..fvic, {owe(" ls cA-eve.lop~ Iolj fk.e.. foat+efjo.VL! t(Ae e,Ve.i, j r~VYA.it~ (.0 ~d",tJI;t. 97. K~OW~:A gas of. 1.~o(.&1lJ1etSS eXfUlds k eI. Pi.stt>~ - c.1Iildse.d .s~sk,W, CZ) /{.,;"e-}-L(, a....J. pofevtttal e/.1erYJ~ e.(.{.ecfs A ....L r1eg I i 3 ilo~, (3J The. ,rC9oe~ is pol,;/frepi" W lft" PVi,%-.= CtTYLSta.uf. AAlAt,yS($:1"e hU(;.f-~JoIlShr ca.vt. Joe. ~u..Kc.( US&IIlJ tt-" e,VI~~ bala.",c.e, Ayst fl hoC .u..e.L()OYk.u.s lH~ ~. ~al11 ~ ~ tlows:V . &Sv~ J vJ:. prAV = t/ IVItumt ttvV 1.2- :rnt~ raft i","Hel $toH1ph f Cd I ~~ W:.Pz.V2.. - p,Y, ( / -I ~ 2.) I/, 1"~ volu.Vote ~t 4ke. .t:L~o.( sfcd-~Vz. =(P/PZ.) LS IV, :.0.0 a tl ci. po 4-t VI f,. ~of ",e .... 113. T"-4. M+;~ QtI" f,V#.J. -s.+..f4>s c::v Co e ,v; I; b nv IN ~+o.." e S.Alo;)Al-YS~:(6) S.M~ -tr.....WASS o: ... ~ 4.lIe...t _ - (-~CD k-S) :t k,5 99. f~oa~ 2.l95 KN OWN ~ A-~ e lecfviG re,i,for+ro.~s.fur.s eneYt1:1 tV!- a GIf)16/aMJ rJe 10 a. ~a.s C6t~",ed l~ (4 ri~ltt -ft1..~k.. He.t;(+ iYn.~f~v" be+w~ell fWz. fJiL! tw.d ~ suV"r"l.(,~/"1.s occurs A..S o: spe4f/ed ~c~ ~~ +tiM.e.. FIND: (tt) Plot ttte +I~e. rrde. of cltak5e. .,f elllf,Y-1ct- Uu. CJa..s -(1)r ()~ t:~ 20 MIU,) (b) Dektt.Mt.L.t,,- +ke.. )let cV1aVl~e illl etteY9CJ cf. +k.t 14 5 a.ff.&- 2.0MI&.1. I(C) 1).eterMI-IA~-lite. cost 9f ~ e(e.chic-A.f l1l Ll+lotke. reslifor:SCl-fGM4,IL $ &llleAJ VA-,A: Q ~l..Y"( ::. -50 t. cvhere ~L 15;11 Waifs (}..k.t1. t is ik rl1;" ..7~VfGYes= I eoo W u>st of e(-ec+ri(,i+~ :: ~ o.os/:.w",ASSUMPTlQIVs: el) The ~CLS (.{ Clck?.s~ .11sfe.W. (z) The. eVHWJf -frtU.r.fc.r +ron-a kyesi$-k>r -k> -ttu ~(A.S oce.u.fS a..tA CC11Sla.u+ rcvle.(3) 1hev-e lS ~o Jorlc...AMAk{Sf~: (CAl 1he. +l~e .,.ale ~f clA~C!. stt.Ie,nj~ ir de. .../o J.ea;f-:: Q -)! a:t- = Q g (.4~,.+- G reDrtiEtif :: - Sot+ 1000 ( t,i,t ....;11I.)e/.E,Id.t i&.1 w)ttslhj sof+wttve -fo plof de/tt+ vs,t r~YVJ iI~ fn:>m 0 +ow VAIA : 1000 - - , . , , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 800600400200 a24 6 8 10 12 1416 18 20 t (min) (b) 1 r*UjY"a-+ll~ ~) -m,1l1 -t =ose: :: J.I- Sot + 1000J :: (_(s~ )i2. + lOoOt ] 4020 MilA r: /Elooo W",;",=(I () e Do W VI"")I ". ~ll " ~ IJ/L03W0 1 Vlll1e. 600,,-:r.. o ----------~ (c.) ~s.,. f).f ~leclY"t" llApLcess eKf~st(,)i J1/~ ~ ~ W : :. pdV -::.lV1 J9dv- :::. -rn.. 6~ vz.) 11" J"Jnr esr--v:oL."I =- l1 cr. ~ a ) ( ,;~ - 4:.) .sa h,1i1.9 +c:tr / lY-z.. 1 _ J. W "trz. -v-;~p, ~ 2. .t -.;0I )--AJllb(JO,/,l( 6-1u.) 1.2 16)( 500 l1r7flt(,4"1.) 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