Terms • Kamikaze = Japanese suicide pilots

• D-Day = the date for the invasion of Europe

• Casablanca Conference = Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to step up the bombing of Germany

Warm up• What is the historical significance of General Douglas MacArthur?• What effect did the Doolittle Raid have on the war against Japan?• How did the Japanese change their strategy after the Doolittle Raid?• What is the historical significance of the Battle of the Coral Sea?• How was the Battle of Midway a major turning point in the war against

Japan?• Why did FDR and Churchill want to defeat Germany in N. Africa before

staging a European invasion?• Who commanded the German forces in North Africa?• What battle proved to be the turning point in N. Africa against the

Germans?• How did the United States win the Battle of the Atlantic?• How was the battle of Stalingrad a major turning point in the fight to

defeat German forces in the Soviet Union?

PUSHING BACK THE AXIS

SETTING THE STAGE• AFTER BRITISH AND AMERICAN TROOPS WON VICTORIES

OVER THE AXIS IN NORTH AFRICA AND ITALY, ALLIED LEADERS MADE PLANS FOR AN INVASION OF EUROPE. LED BY ADMIRAL NIMITZ AND GENERAL MACARTHUR, AMERICAN FORCES STEADILY ADVANCED ACROSS THE PACIFIC.

STRIKING GERMANY AND ITALY• IN JANUARY 1943, FDR AND CHURCHILL MET AT THE

CASABLANCA CONFERENCE IN MOROCCO• THE TWO LEADERS AGREED TO BEGIN A MASSIVE BOMBING

CAMPAIGN OF GERMANY• ALSO AGREED TO ATTACK THE AXIS FORCES IN SICILY

STRATEGIC BOMBING• BETWEEN 1943 AND 1945, THE ALLIES DROPPED 53,000 TONS

OF EXPLOSIVES ON GERMANY EVERY MONTH• THE BOMBING CREATED AN OIL SHORTAGE AND

DESTROYED THE RAIL SYSTEM AND FACTORIES • GERMAN AIRFORCE COULD NOT REPLACE PLANES LOST =

ALLIES GAINED TOTAL CONTROL OF SKIES

STRIKING THE “SOFT UNDERBELLY”• GENERAL EISENHOWER WAS IN CHARGE OF THE SICILY

INVASION. • ITALY’S KING HAD MUSSOLINI ARRESTED, BUT GERMAN

TROOPS TOOK NORTHERN ITALY =• PUT MUSSOLINI BACK IN POWER• MUSSOLINI WOULD EVENTUALLY BE KILLED BY HIS OWN

PEOPLE. • GERMANS DEFEATED IN SICILY DON’T SURRENDER IN ITALY

THE TEHRAN CONFERENCE• FDR AND CHURCHILL MET WITH STALIN IN LATE 1943. THEY

REACHED SEVERAL AGREEMENTS:• GERMANY WOULD BE DIVIDED AFTER WAR• STALIN AGREED TO ATTACK GERMANY FROM EAST ONCE

ALLIES LAND IN FRANCE• STALIN ALSO PROMISED TO HELP DEFEAT JAPAN AFTER

GERMANY SURRENDERS

LANDING IN FRANCE• INVASION OF FRANCE KNOWN AS “OPERATION OVERLORD”• FDR SELECTED GENERAL EISENHOWER TO COMMAND THE

INVASION• HITLER FORTIFIED COAST OF FRANCE IN ANTICIPATION• THE GERMANS WERE CONVINCED ALLIES WOULD LAND IN

PAS-DE-CALAIS• TO FUEL THIS MISCONCEPTION, THE ALLIES PLACED A

“DUMMY INVASION FORCE” NEAR THIS SECTOR

LANDING IN FRANCE - CONTINUED• THEY ACTUALLY PLANNED TO LAND ON 5 BEACHES IN

NORMANDY KNOWN AS “UTAH, OMAHA, GOLD, SWORD, AND JUNO”

D-DAY• BY THE SPRING OF 1944, THE ALLIES WERE READY FOR THE

INVASION• THERE WERE SOME RESTRICTION: MUST INVADE AT NIGHT

AND IN GOOD WEATHER CONDITIONS• INVASSION BEGAN JUNE 6, 1944 = D-DAY • GERMAN RESISTANCE AT OMAHA BEACH WAS INTENSE =

SAVING PRIVATE RYAN

DRIVING BACK JAPAN• ‘ISLAND HOPPING CAMPAIGN” BEGAN IN FALL OF 1943• INCREDIBLY BLOODY FIGHTING• JAPANESE WOULD DEFEND EACH ISLAND TO THE DEATH…

NO SURRENDER = BRUTAL FIGHTING

REFLECTION• WHAT DID FDR AND CHURCHILL AGREE TO AT CASABLANCA?

• WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF MASSIVE BOMBING CAMPAIGN OVER GERMANY?

• WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN?

• WHAT AGREEMENTS WERE MADE BETWEEN CHURCHILL, FDR, AND STALIN AT TEHRAN?

• WHO DID FDR CHOOSE TO COMMAND OPERATION OVERLORD?

• WHAT ARE DID THE GERMANS BELIEVE THE ALLIES WOULD MOST LIKELY LAND IN REGARD TO THE INVASION OF EUROPE?

• WHERE DID THE ALLIES LAND?

• WHICH BEACH SUFFERED THE MOST CASUALTIES?

• WHY WAS D-DAY SUCCESS SO VITAL TO ALLIED VICTORY?

• WHAT WAS THE MILITARY STRATEGY CALLED IN REGARD TO GOING ON THE OFFENSIVE IN THE PACIFIC?

• WHAT WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT MILITARY FACTOR IN REGARD TO ISLAND HOPPING?