TERMS OF REFERENCE

If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful:Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy);Caudal (cola means butt)

Terms of Reference

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Like an apple

Like a loaf of bread

Like a hamburger(horizon)

Central Sulcus

Lateral Fissure

LATERAL VIEW

Locate:Spinal CordBrain Stem: (Pons Medulla)CerebellumCentral sulcus, lateral fissure, Lobes, Broca’s area, primary auditory, motor, and somatosensory cortex

_________ VIEW

DORSAL VIEW

VENTRAL VIEW

_________ VIEW

Locate:Spinal CordBrain Stem: CerebellumFrontal Lobe, Temporal lobeOlfactory nerve

Localize: cerebellum, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, Brainstem: medulla, pons, midbrain (superior colliculus, inferior colliculus ),

VENTRICLES - Two lateral, a third and a fourth ventricle, central canal - filled with cerebrospinal fluid

MENINGES – cover brain and spinal cord - dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater

Vertebra of Spinal column

Basal Ganglia

BRAINSTEM

HYPOTHALAMUS: 4 F’s(feeding, fighting, fleeing,sex)

MIDBRAIN– VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (reward, motivation)– SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (motor function, Parkinson’s Disease)

PONS (arousal – reticular formation),

MEDULLA (respiration, heart rate, salivation)

Spinal cord cross-section

Nissl-stained rat brain

Gross Anatomy

• The best way to learn anatomy is a combination of coloring the anatomy book and hands-on labs.

• Thus there will be no lecture on this topic

• Use the following notes & figures as prompts and reminders, rather than as a laundry list to be memorized.

Terms describing anatomical structures

A bundle of axons:

in the Central Nervous System = TRACT (e.g., ‘optic tract’)

in the Peripheral Nervous System = NERVE (e.g., optic nerve)

A collection of cell bodies

in the Central Nervous System = NUCLEUS (e.g. nucleus accumbens)

in the Peripheral Nervous System = GANGLION

(exception: basal ganglia are in the CNS)

Gray matter - cell bodies

White matter - myelinated axons

Gyrus – ridge or protuberance on surface of the brain

Sulcus – groove on surface of brain between gyri

Fissure – long, deep sulcus