Ternopil - a city of regional subordination, administrative,economic and cultural center Ternopil region. Located atp. Seret (left tributary of the Dniester). Node rail and roadways. There is an airport. Distance from Ternopil Kyiv to 415 km.

Population in January 1, 1973 - 106 300 people.The area where the Ternopil was settled long ago. In hispreserved surroundings parking Mesolithic era that there are 10.9

thousandyears ago, found the remains of settlements Tripoli culture (IIImillennium BC. e.) and burial VIII-VII centuries. BC.The first written mention of Ternopil accounts for 1540. In that year,Polish King Sigismund gave clearly Krakow tycoon JanTarnovsky in Ternopil district in the county of Terebovlia conditionbuild the river Siret fortress. The name "Ternopil" probablymean field of thorns. Construction of the castle began in 1540 andover 1548 construction of high stone walls. Around herpeople began to settle. In 1548, the city had received Magdeburg

law, it were allowed three fairs a year and weekly auctions.

The owner of the city received significant profit. Those residents who had atemporary, using small plots of land, pay taxes

corn or vidroblyaly to landowners Lanaja. Artisans and small traders by each house paid in cash. Separately, had to pay for accommodation on the main streets, the right to trade, use lordly

Brewery forest. The burghers were given free draft, housing forsoldiers, who came to town.In the first decades after most of the population of the city wasconnected with agriculture, engaged in farming andpastoralism and hunting and apiculture. Convenient locationTernopil the trade routes contributed to the rapid growth and craftstrade. Ternopil merchants in contact with, andlarge at the time of trade and craft center - Lviv.

Already in 1566, the royal government and allowed to create in Ternopil

warehouses for storage of goods coming from Russia and otherland.3 development of craft crafts created by artisans. In 1566the owner of the city charter adopted cobblers shop here first.

Later, in 1636 emerged tailors shop. The shops were small, they ob'yednuvalosya

several people. Entry into. shop was very limited. Students not receiving

board, moreover, has made a certain amount of tuition. apprenticereceived for his work low pay, his time is usuallylasted 15-16 hours a day.In the following decades the basis of economic life of the city were

craftand trade. Has significantly developed pottery, mlynarstvo,

cooperage,having blacksmith, locksmith, construction and ceramic workshops

and small bakery.

After Ternopil became the regional center changed its appearance. In the

center were laid wood, and stone pavements beganconstruction of office buildings. One of them was a two-storyconstruction of office buildings. One of them was a two-storycouncil building, built in 1809.With the development of capitalist relations in early XIX century. inthe first type of manufacturing small businesses - Bench,blacksmith, shoemakers, tailoring and processing of agriculturalproducts. There were leather, brick, tobacco company. numbertheir employees was small, they worked for free hire. thiscame from the surrounding villages, nobles released on the rent.

guildcraft while in almost declined. A significant number of residents

notbreak with agriculture. In agriculture, engagedanimal and beekeeping. Those who held the apiary, gave the lordtenth of honey.

From March 1810 to August 1815 was the administrative Ternopil center land, which by Shenbrunskym truce between France and went to. It had a progressive role to Ternopil.

His stay in the Russian state somewhat eased economic and political situation of the population. Limited to the tyranny of the Jesuits, who had is strong. Unfolded some civil engineering was

rebuilt the old castle, sorted streets. After invading armyNapoleon in Russia Ternopil was declared martial law

situation.The population of the city 's administration helped protect

himgood order at the state border, held nearTernopil.

After the reform of 1848 Ternopil increasingly drawn intocapitalist development. Economic growth significantly contributed to

building railways. Of particular importance was the line Lviv – Podvolochisk through Ternopil, which was commissioned in 1870. In the same year completed construction of the station. It was the first railway line in

Ternopil region. At the end of the XIX century. railway connecting it with Bershad. In 1906, paved rail to Zbarazh of Ternopil.

At the same time built and highways. 1895 was connected Ternopilhighway with Terebovlia, Zbraj, Podvolochisk. At the beginning of

the XX century. In acted other than those mentioned companies, power plant, built in 1900,Distillery on Zagrebellya and cheese factory. All companies were small.

And in the years industry developed very slowly, the number of workers did not increase, but sometimes, due to the crisis in Austria-Hungary's economy, declined. In 1902 the industry employed 1230 workers, and in 1910 they fell to a thousand.

In the XIX - early XX century. Ukrainian culture in the West

land was a particularly difficult situation. And forcibly polonization Germanization population, persecution of the Ukrainian language official elimination of school detrimental effect on all areas of culture. Before 1817 in Ternopil was no Ukrainian school. In 1820 opened gymnasium, which originally ran the Jesuit church Dominicans. Due to the fact that high school gave the right to join

University authorities particularly closely watched contingent of ontynhentom it students.

Access to school even for children Ukrainian wealthy elitewas very limited. Thus, in the 1895/96 academic year with 583 students wasonly 6 Ukrainian origin, others - Poles, Germans and others. In 1855was opened four years of real school. But it could getonly children of wealthy elite of the city, as a training costexpensive: the entrance fee was PLN 96.6, annual fees -in 1859 to PLN 298, and in 1876 already 903 PLN. 1875 inTernopil opened teacher institute, which prepared teachers inmainly in rural primary schools. But despite the fact thatthe vast majority of villages, and sometimes the entire population without exceptionspoke Ukrainian language, almost half of the students were personsPolish nationality. In the 70s of the XIX century. in working 2four-year public schools (male and female) who held the councilcity, but he singled out for their meager funds. In the 1895/96 academic yearin all four schools studied only 491 ratio. In 1891, fortraining of skilled labor in the city opened a two-yearIndustrial School. She prepared several workers Webmasterspecialties. The contingent of students was very limited. In 1901/02school year are enrolled only 88 children. Taking into account that1890 the city's population of 26 thousand. Man, it becomes clear thatexisting schools to be far enough and only a small proportion of childrenworkers could receive even primary education.

In the spring of 1864 in Ukraine was organized the first professional Ukrainian

Theatre Company "Russian conversation." In June 1865 the theater for the

first time came on tour in Ternopil. Since then, the city dwellers beganacquainted with the best works of Ukrainian classical drama. YourTheatre performances began play Kotlyarevskyi "Natalka Poltavka".

Therewere also shows "Nazar Stodolya" Shevchenko, "Matchmaking in Goncharovka" G.

Flower-Osnovyanenko and others. In 1875 the theater company "Russian talk "in Ternopil performed outstanding Ukrainian playwright, actor and director, founder of the Ukrainian realistic theater ML

Kropivnitskiy. In November 1903 in the city visited composer MVLysenko. He met with cultural figures, workers, studentsschool. In 1905-1906 pp. Ternopil were MK Sadovsky(Tobilevych) and MK Zankovetska.Ternopil Revolutionary Committee paid much attention to the

development of art. 15August 1920 Launched in Ternopil Ukrainian SovietDrama Theatre. Organizer M.M.Krushelnytskyy it was thatHere began his theatrical activity has 1915 actor"Ternopil Theater Nights" created O.S.Kurbasom.