terrafirma gmes service element - copernicus · integration with in situ is key. ... cost benefit...
TRANSCRIPT
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
STAGE 1 - SERVICE CONSOLIDATION ACTIONS OF THE EARTHWATCH GMES SERVICE ELEMENT
TerrafirmaPan-European ground motion hazard information service
in support of relevant polices aimed at protecting the citizen
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Relevance to ‘S’ecurity
◆ Earthquakes - obvious.
◆ Landslides - obvious.
◆ But subsidence…?◆ Stable ground taken for granted.◆ EO capabilities show everywhere is in motion.◆ Rarely catastrophic - ‘insidious degradation’.◆ Some deaths through building collapse.
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Objectives◆ To provide ground motion hazard information across
Europe and beyond.
◆ Dissemination through national Geological Surveys.
◆ Based upon InSAR technologies:◆ Using ERS archive for now.◆ Update with ENVISAT.
◆ To include urban subsidence, landslides andearthquakes.
◆ Integration with in situ is key.◆ Deconvolve single LOS.
◆ Current Stage focusing on urban subsidence asoperational now.
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Why?◆ Subsidence across Europe might be costing the
economy at least €3,500 million a year.
◆ This figure does not include the effects of landslides orearthquakes!
◆ InSAR will not cure the problem, but…◆ Can help to mitigate against the effects.◆ Can help prioritise resources.◆ Can monitor significant risks, e.g nuclear power stations.◆ Can save lives.
◆ Cost benefit analysis underway.
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Policy support◆ There is no current European policy for ground motions.
◆ There are more general policies that are relevant, e.g.◆ Those that cite protection of the citizen against natural and
anthropogenic hazards.◆ Those that cite the mandatory availability of information relating
to risk to the citizen.◆ Aarhus Convention.
◆ For Terrafirma, focus is national and local, e.g.◆ Environment assessment (e.g. Town & Country planning Act).◆ Mining (e.g. Loi No. 99-245 du 30 Mars 1999.◆ Planning laws specific to each European country.
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Terrafirma users◆ 1: Public sector (regulators, local, regional, national
bbauthorities).
◆ 2: Mineral extraction.
◆ 3: Oil and gas abstraction.
◆ 4: Engineering.
◆ 5: Utility operators.
◆ 6: Transport providers.
◆ 7: Development initiators and property owners.
◆ 8: Geo-information providers.
◆ 9: Insurers.
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Current team (expanding)
Strategy Gr oup
Michael Kosinowski (users)Mike Jamiolkowski (science)Franco Barberi (policy)
Project Manager
NPA
Expert Consultants
AETS
British Institute of Internati onal & Comparative Law
(CBA)
(Policy)
Research Partners
Currently within team
System Developer
Science Systems
Operational Service Pr oviders
TRENPAAltamiraGamma RS
Core User Group
BRGM (F) BGS (GB) TNO (NL) NGU (N)EPPO (GR) Enel-Hydro (I) Arup (GB) EMSC
(geological survey)(geological survey)(geological survey)
(geological survey)(earthquake protection)
(industry)(industry)
(seismic contact network)
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Why Geological Surveys?
◆ Assumption 1: ‘Raw’ InSAR measurements are of lessbenefit than an interpreted product.
◆ Assumption 2: GSs are (and are perceived as) thelogical repository of national ground motions riskinformation.
◆ GSs have accreditation and standing.◆ They have the resources to interpret InSAR results.◆ They might have a statutory duty to make such risk information
available.◆ They often already provide web-based, geo-spatial services.
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Arcview Report Writer
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Intranet Admin’‘Back Office’
Internet Orders
Pan-European
Country No. of towns No. of ERS footprints Existing coverageAustria 1 1Belgium 3 2Bulgaria 3 3Cyprus 0 0Czech Republic 3 3Denmark 1 1Estonia 1 1Finland 1 1France 8 8 Paris (1/3 of city)Germany 32 19Greece 2 2Hungary 1 1Ireland 1 1Italy 13 13 Catania (Mt. Etna), Milan, Prato, RomeLatvia 1 1Lithuania 2 2Luxembourg 0 0Malta 0 0Netherlands 4 2Norway 1 1Poland 15 12Portugal 2 2Romania 9 9Slovakia 2 2Slovenia 1 1Spain 17 16Sweden 3 3Switzerland 1 1Turkey 28 25United Kingdom 21 30 Edinburgh, Glasgow, London, NewcastleTotal 177 163 8
177 towns withpopulation above225,000 consideredfor all EU memberstates and applicantsand full ESA memberstates.
Processed townalthough population <225,000
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Terrafirma products
◆ Three Levels of product:
◆ Level 1: Raw (just InSAR measurements).– PS locations and coherence polygons only for marketing.
◆ Level 2: Causal interpretation.– Geological surveys have auxiliary data required.
◆ Level 3: Predictive (modelled).
Olympic Village(will be ‘affordable’ housing)
Olympic Stadium
Recent sediments
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
London+4 mm/year
-4 mm/year
0mm
Annual displacem
ent rate
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Jan-95
Jan-96
Jan-97
Jan-98
Jan-99
Jan-00
Date
Rel
ativ
e G
roun
d D
ispl
acem
ents
(mm
)
1995-2000 displacement rate ofindividual PS point
Average rate of displacement: -2.75mm/year April 2002 - Blackheath crown-hole: over 100people evacuated and subsidence diversion routes
created
Crown-holing precursors
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Team Valley (1/5)Interpolated annual velocities over topographic mapping
© Crown copyright. All rights reserved BGS GD 272191/2003
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Team Valley (5/5)
Subsidence in the central Team Valley
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Apr-92 Dec -92 Aug-93 Apr-94 J an-95 S ep-95 May-96 J an-97 S ep-97 J un-98 Feb-99 Oc t -99
D a t e
Cluster 1
Subsidence in the eastern Team Valley
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Apr-92 Dec-92 Aug-93 Apr-94 Jan-95 Sep-95 May-96 Jan-97 Sep-97 Jun-98 Feb-99 Oct-99
Date
Rel
ativ
e gr
ound
di
spla
cem
ent (
mm
)
Cluster 2
PS histories to the East of the Team Valley
-10
-5
0
5
10
Apr-92 Dec-92 Aug-93 Apr-94 Jan-95 Sep-95 May-96 Jan-97 Sep-97 Jun-98 Feb-99 Oct-99
Date
Rel
ativ
e gr
ound
di
spla
cem
ent (
mm
)
Cluster 3
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Potential to monitor coastal defences
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
A precursor to building collapse...
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…building motion history
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
IzmitMain event: 17-Aug-99
Magnitude 7.4 Richter
SAR dates:13-Aug-99 and 17-Sep-99
Tsep = 35 days
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003Copyright TRE, 2000
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Area of predicted Tokai earthquake event
< -5 -5…-3 -3…-1 -1…1 1…3 > 3
LOS average displacement rate 92-00 (mm/yr)
1: Comparison of LOS PSInSAR measurements with horizontal-only GEONET data 99-00.Both sets of data referenced to common point.
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
ESA project in London
Monitoring reservoir loadingusing CRInSAR
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Compact Active Transponder
◆ Responsive to all C-band satellites.
◆ Wide FOV for ascending and descending passes.
◆ Programmable (with delay if required).
◆ Aim to be a few hundred Euros.
Trials prototype
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Some key issues
◆ How do we make the EC recognise significance ofheterogeneous local policy?
◆ Who is going to pay for the eventual full service?
◆ Who owns the results and copyright?
◆ Liabilities?◆ De-valuing properties (blight).
◆ (a selfish point) How do service suppliers shareout supply?
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GMES Forum, Athens: June 2003
Websitewww.terrafirma.eu.com
now active!