terrasar-x: status report & polarimetric data...
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Folie [email protected] - 25.01.2007
TerraSAR-X: Status Report & Polarimetric Data Exploitation
Alberto Moreira & Irena HajnsekGerman Aerospace Center (DLR)Microwaves and Radar Institute
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TerraSAR-X: A National Science Mission withCommercial Potential
DLR- Project Management- G/S Development & Ops- Science Coordination
Infoterra- Service Infrastructure- Information Products- Commercial Exploitation
Public Private Partnership
Main Mission Goals:• Provision of TerraSAR-X data for scientific applications public interest• Commercial exploitation of TerraSAR-X data by industry
EADS Astrium- Platform Development- Instrument Development- Launch on Dnepr (2006)
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Application of SAR PolarimetryAgriculture/Land-Use (+++)
Crop classificationPlant moisture contentCrop conditionCrop yield
Forestry (+)Forest typeForest structure (horizontal)Clear cuts/Fire-scars
Geology (++)Geological structuresLava flows Weathering erosion studiesSurface roughness
Hydrology (++)Soil moistureSnow hydrologyWetlandsFlood mapping
Oceans (+++)WavesCoastal zonesShips detection
Sea / Land Ice (++)Sea ice edge & ice concentrationIce topography/structurePolar glaciology
Meteorology (+)Rain rate estimationWater/ice particle studiesSevere storm/ Flood warning
Cartography/ Urban Area (++)Direct surface slope estimationCartographic feature extractionUrban Area characterisation
Disasters (++)FloodsGeological hazardsOil spillsSearch & Rescue
(+++/high) (++/medium) (+/low) SAR Polarimetry is recommended
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center frequency 9.65 GHz (X-band)Tx bandwidth up to 150 MHz (300 exp.)PRF 3 KHz to 6,5 KHztransmit duty cycle 13-20%radiated peak power 2260 Wsystem noise figure 5 dB
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antenna dimension in azimuth 4.784 mantenna dimension in elevation 0.704 mazimuth beamwidth 0.33°elevation beamwidth 2.3°scan angle azimuth ± 0.75°scan angle elevation ± 19.2°
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TerraSAR-X Orbit
sunlight sidenight side
dusk/down orbitaltitude at equator 514.8 km inclination 97.44°sun-synchronous repeat orbit:repeat period 11 daysrevisit time 4.5 days (100%)
2.5 days (95%)orbits per day 15 2/11
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TerraSAR-X Mission Profile
X-Band Downlink@ 300 Mbit/sec
DLR GS Neustrelitz
S-BandTM & TC
Mission OperationsDLR Oberpfaffenhofen
Raw Data Acquisition
DLR GS Weilheim
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Stripmap Mode
ScanSAR Mode
Spotlight Mode (Sliding)
HighRes Spotlight Mode (Sliding)
TerraSAR-X Imaging ModesFlight direction
Nadir Track
45°
20°
SwathWidth100 km
Stripmap ScanSAR Spotlight HighRes Spotlight
full perf. inc, angle range 20° - 45° 20° - 45° 20° - 55° 20° - 55° scene size along track acqu. length acqu. length 10 km 5 km scene size ground range 30 km 100 km 10 km 10 km single look az. resolution 3 m 16 m 2 m 1 m single look range resolution 3 m (ground) 16 m (ground)
@ 5 looks 1.2 m (slant) 1.2 m (slant)
Centre of rotation
Θ1=20o Θ2=55o
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TerraSAR-X Mission
Space Segment
Satellite Bus SAR Instrument
Ground SegmentMission Operations
SegmentIOCS - Instrument Operations
& Calibration SegmentPayload Ground
Segment
Science Users
Commercial Service SegmentScience Service Segment
Commercial Users
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Transmit Receive
Ocean CurrentsTarget Velocities
Dual Receive Antenna Mode
ATI Evaluation of STRM Data, IMF
Traffic jam on A96 near GermeringESAR data analysed by S. Suchandt, IMF
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Dual Receive Antenna Mode
Tx: H V H V
Rx: H V H V H V H V
Two-way (Tx-Rx): HH HV VH VV HH HV VH VV
Transmit Receive
the antenna is electrically divided into 2 receiving antennasthis enables full-polarimetric operation and along track interferometry
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Polarization ModesH H H H
H H H H
Transmit
Receive
Single Polarization• 1 polarization
channel, {HH, VV}• stripmap, spotlight, ScanSAR
Dual Polarization• 2 polarization channels,
{HH/VV, HH/HV, VV/HV}• stripmap, spotlight• coherent pol. phase• smaller elevation beam
H H H HTransmit
ReceiveV
H H H H
V V VH H H H
Quad Polarization• All 4 pol. channels• Stripmap• coherent pol. Phase• smaller elevation beam• Experimental product
H H H HTransmit
ReceiveV
V V V V
V V V
H H H HH H H H
V V V V
Twin Polarization• 2 polarization channels,
{HH/VV, HH/HV, VV/HV}• stripmap• incoherent pol. phase• full elevation beam
H HTransmit
ReceiveV
H
V VHH
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Fully polarisation experimental mode specification:
System Parameters Values
HH/HV/VV/VH Scattering Matrix Local Incidence Angle 20-45 degreeSwath Width 15 km Slant Range Resolution 1.9 mGround Resolution 1 Look 7 m & 6 Look 15 mCross talk isolation 24 dB one wayNESZ better than -16 dB Radiometric calibration abs 1.10 dB, rel. 0.68 dB
TerraSAR-X: Fully Polarisation Mode
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Azimuth
Ran
ge
PI-SAR /Test Site: GIFU-Japan
X-band quad pol.
Courtesy: Hiroshi Kimura
Scattering Amplitude Images
HH
VV
HV
VH
⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡
VVVH
HVHH
SSSS
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X-hh X-Band R:hh-vv G:2hv B:hh+vv
Single v. Fully PolarisedIncreasing Observation Space - Adding Information
PI-SAR / Test Site: GIFU- Japan Pauli-Scattering Vector
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Polarimetric Parameters / Scattering Matrix
• Scattering Amplitudes
•Total Power
• Amplitude Ratios
• Pol Phase Differences
• Helicity
⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡−
−−=
||)(exp||)(exp||)(exp||)exp()exp(][
VVVVXXXX
VVXXXXVVHHHHVV
SiSiSiS
ririS
φφφφφφφκ
Five Parameters: 3 Amplitudes & 2 PhasesAbsolute PhaseFactor
⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡=
VVXX
XXHH
SSSS
S][
NVVVVVVNXXXXXXNHHHHHH SSSSSS ||:||:||: *0*0*0 === σσσ
)/(// 0000000VVHHXXVVXXVVHH σσσσσσσ +
VVHHHHVV φφφ −=:
||||: RRLL SSHel −=
222 ||||4||: VVXXVV SSSTP ++=
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Polarimetric Parameters: Agricultural Fields
PI-SAR X-band / Test Site: Gifu, Japan
HH
Pauli RGB HH/VV Ratio
XX/HH Ratio XX/VV Ratio
Courtesy: Hiroshi Kimura
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Second Order Polarimetric Parameters
• Correlation Coefficients
• Scattering Entropy
• Scattering Anisotropy
• Polarimetric Alpha Angle
• Polarimetric Beta Angle
XX
VVHH
VVHH
SC
SSB
SSA
2:
)(21:
)(21:
=
−=
+=
⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡=
CBA
k3
r
VV
XX
HH
SC
SB
SA
=
=
=
:
2:
:
⎥⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
>=⋅=<∗∗
∗∗
∗∗
+
CCCBCABCBBBAACABAA
kkX 333 :][rr
Nine Parameters: 3 Real & 3 Complex Elements
>><<
><=
||||||:
**
*
VVVVHHHH
VVHHHHVV
SSSSSSγ
>><<
><=
||||||:
**
*
RRRRLLLL
RRLLLLRR
SSSSSSγ
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32
32
32:PPPPA
+−
=+−
=λλλλ
321
:λλλ
λ++
= iiPi
ii PPH 3
3
1log: ∑
=
=
332211: αααα PPP ++=
332211: ββββ PPP ++=
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Polarimetric Parameters: Agricultural Fields
PI-SAR X-band / Test Site: Gifu, Japan
HH
Pauli RGB Entropy
Alpha Angle Anisotropy
Courtesy: Hiroshi Kimura
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Access to TerraSAR-X for scientific purposesTerraSAR-X mission goals:
provision of high resolution X-band data for scientific applicationsto develop a profitable and sustainable geo-information business based on TerraSAR-X data and products Equal share of the satellite’s capacity
Access for scientific purposes is gained via a selection processPre-launch AO (closed in October 2005)Further AO planned (End of 2007)General proposal submission interface (Summer 2007)
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The TerraSAR-X satellite has passed the Final Acceptance Review after successful
• Environmental testing. (Vibration, EMC, Thermal Balancing, Thermal Vacuum, Acoustic Noise, center of gravity)
• Integrated System Tests ( Functional, Performance, Characterization)
• Final antenna phase and amplitude trimming• Space segment to Ground segment Tests
(LEOP, mission sequence, end to end )
The satellite, the secondary payload (LCT and TOR) the ground segment (MOS, PGS, IOCS)are ready for launch! Shipment to Baikonouris planned for end January.
TerraSAR-X Mission Status