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Build an Amazing Tesla CD Turbineby mrfixits on October 22, 2007

Table of Contents

intro:   Build an Amazing Tesla CD Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

step 1:   Materials and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

step 2:   Design an Inlet Nozzle for the CD Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

step 3:   Fit the CD Turbine Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

step 4:   Join a Tube from the Nozzle Into the Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

step 5:   Finish Nozzle and Attach PVC Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

step 6:   Prepare the CD Spindle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

step 7:   Assemble The CD Disc Pack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

step 8:   Assemble The CD Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

step 9:   Fun Things To Do With The Basic Tesla CD Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

step 10:   How Fast Can It Go? ...and A Safety Reminder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

step 11:   Cool CD Turbine Movies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

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Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

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intro:  Build an Amazing Tesla CD Turbine

Build a real working turbine from recycled CD's!

This Tesla CD Turbine is based on the Tesla turbine, which was invented by Nikola Tesla in the early 1900's.

Tesla's pumps and motors were unique in that they only used discs, and took advantage of the boundary layer effect. His smallest designs were over 100 horsepower.

This Instructable is an introduction to my recently developed Tesla CD Turbine, which is made from CD's, CD spindle, pipe fittings and glue. This easy beginners versionruns on garden hose pressure and is fun for demonstration or experimentation purposes. This same CD Turbine can also be powerful, versatile, useful and dangerouswhen used with compressed air pressure.

The basic model Tesla CD Turbine shows how the boundary layer idea works to deliver power. The CD Turbine has unique design features such as no moving shaft, nobearings, no seals and uses recycled CD's. It is so frictionless that it can go over 500 rpm just by blowing into it hard!

The advanced model has many cool features, such as the use of neodymium magnets to separate the CD's with the correct gap and a Magnetic Coupler to attachimplements, and much more.

My next CD Turbine Instructable shows how to make a Magnetic Disc Pack and Magnetic Coupler for more advanced CD Turbine experimentation. I will developmagnetically-coupled implements that will range from the practical (Generator, SaladSpinner, etc.) to the bizarre ( Skilsaw Blade , Punch Bowl Stirrer, etc).

However, please be forewarned that this turbine on air pressure is not really a kid's toy or particularly safe to operate.On water pressure it is safe from explosion, maxing out at about 1000 rpm.

The turbine can be run on either water and air pressure without modification. Although this simple turbine can be safely run at one or two thousand rpm on water hosepressure, it can turn tens of thousands of rpm on air pressure.

I must warn you running this turbine on air pressure could be enough to explode the CD's in the turbine and cause injury. To prevent this, regulate the air supply to lowerthe psi and use a digital tachometer like this one.

If this unit is run on air pressure, precautions must be taken such as protective gear (heavy leather gloves, face shield, helmet, leather jacket & pants, cup(?), etc.), aswell as being behind a protective barrier. If the CD Turbine comes apart at 25,000 rpm, sharp CD parts will be impelled literally at the speed of a gun. You areforewarned!

I will be discussing ways to avoid any possible unpleasantness as we go along in these Instructables, but for now...let's have some FUN!

Image Notes1. CD Turbine Case; Showing empty CD Spindle and CD Cover; ready to acceptany of the CD Disc Packs below.2. Fluid Inlet Pipe3. Magnetic Disc Pack. Uses neodymium magnets between discs. This Disc Packmakes magnetic connection to the Magnetic Coupler, which is external to the CDCase. The Magnetic Disc Pack allows useful work to be done by the CD Turbine,through the magnetic coupling.4. Double-CD discs experiment. Two discs glued back-to-back, (times five), givinga greater gap between each double-disc.5. A loose CD's Disc Pack will work to demonstrate simple boundary-layerrotation with water pressure.6. CD Disc Pack glued with Methylene Chloride. This pack runs smoother thanthe loose CD's pack, above.

Image Notes1. Nozzle. In this case a Orbit Watermaster Nozzle from Home Depot. Fits 3/4inch PVC pipe. Other nozzles are available as well.2. Orbit Watermaster ABS fitting (3/4 inch plastic pipe to garden-hoseconnection.)3. Garden-hose Quick-connect coupling.4. Basic Tesla CD Turbine, with modified CD Spindle and Cover and CD DiscPack. Runs on garden-hose pressure.5. Garden-hose Shut-off Valve6. 3/4 inch PVC Pipe, 2 feet long

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

step 1: Materials and ToolsMATERIALS LIST: (Total Cost about $10.)

1.) 10 (or more) recycled CD's (no labels & no cracks)2.) CD Spindle with Cover (recycled)3.) Orbit WaterMaster Extension Nozzle Model 91129 ( Home Depot, $5.95, or try a $1.80 Nozzle from Holland GreenHouse products.)4.) 1-1/2 inch of plastic straw or tube to fit small end of Nozzle above5.) Garden Hose Shut-off Valve ($3.50)6.) 2 feet or more of 3/4 inch PVC plastic pipe ($.50?)7.) ABS to PVC cement8.) PVC Pipe Primer9.) Methylene Chloride (Plastics Shop), for welding polycarbonate CD Discs to each other.10.) Hot-glue sticks...less than a half dozen

TOOLS LIST:

GluegunHobbyknifeDremel Tool (optional)Sandpaper

Notes: 1.) More than 10 CD's may be used for taller CD spindles.2.) If you can't find the "Orbit Watermaster Nozzle", you could use any plastic or brass water nozzle, such as the Holland GreenHouse brand Plastic or Brass PowerNozzle. Or simply use a combination of pipe fittings down to a 1/8 inch nozzle, and adapt with hot-glue to the CD Cover.

Image Notes1. Orbit Watermaster Walkway Tunnel Kit and Super Sweeper ExtensionNozzle...available at Home Depot. Fits 3/4 or 1 inch PVC. Includes garden-hoseconnector.2. CD Spindle and Spindle Cover3. Dremel Tool (Lithium-Ion Cordless)4. Glue Gun...essential for this project!5. Heavy-duty hot-glue sticks (4-6 should do.)6. Assorted CD's to recycle. Don't use ones with paper labels, or that are cracked.7. Fittings to connect to garden-hose

Image Notes1. Water quick-connect, goes to Garden Hose2. Air chuck to a brass garden-hose connector. For serious experimentersonly!3. Garden-hose Shut-off Valve

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8. Garden-hose Shut-off Valve.9. Missing from photo is a 24 inch piece of 3/4 inch PVC pipe.

Image Notes1. Best nozzle....Holland GreenHouse Plastic Power Nozzle ...just $1.29, too!

step 2: Design an Inlet Nozzle for the CD TurbineThis is where the rocket scientist in you comes out...what size, shape and angle inlet nozzle should the CD Turbine have? There will be many theories, but the facts are...WHATEVER WORKS!

I have tried several different types and materials...they all worked. There's room for experimentation here. You just need to taper down to about a 1/8 inch hole into theside of the CD case with pipe fittings, or plastic pipe, then hot-glue it all in. ( Pictures in following step.)

I used an Orbit WaterMaster Extension Nozzle Model 91129 from Home Depot for the Tesla CD Turbine II nozzle. The Orbit Nozzle has an advantage of being able touse a long 3/4 inch PVC or ABS pipe with the included fittings. One fitting is a tapered nozzle, and was originally used for burrowing under concrete sidewalks with waterpressure. The other fitting connects easily to the garden-hose Shut-off Valve. A 2' piece(or longer) of PVC connects the two Orbit fittings.

Note: Brass fittings and copper pipe could be used for more of a steampunk look.(future instructable!)

A Later Note: My newer instructable makes the nozzle install process much easier!

Image Notes1. Orbit Watermaster Nozzle with initial gluing.2. CD Spindle Cover

Image Notes1. Nozzle big end of this nozzle fits 3/4 inch PVC pipe. Small end of taperednozzle gets a short extension to go through into CD Case.2. 3/4 inch Pvc pipe to GardenHose connector.

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Image Notes1. Best nozzle....Holland GreenHouse Plastic Power Nozzle ...just $1.29, too!

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

Image Notes1. Orifice created by cutting the Extender Tube flush with wall of the Cd Case.

Image Notes1. Orbit Watermaster Nozzle (or equivalent water nozzle)2. CD Case Cover

Image Notes1. Cutting 2 slots to make a rectangular hole for the Nozzle Extension Tube.

step 3: Fit the CD Turbine NozzleOk let's get started by fitting the Nozzle and its Extender Tube to the CD Case.Cut the smaller nozzle end of the Orbit Watermaster Nozzle at an approximate angle according to the pictures, so that it sits closer to the CD Case when gluing. Start thehot-gluing by putting a dab on the side of the CD Case and sticking on the Nozzle right away. Keep hot-gluing around the Nozzle, letting things cool a bit as you go, butkeep the Nozzle lined up as far as angle and direction, similar to pictures. Leave the area directly in front of the Nozzle free of glue, so that you can cut out the Case to fitan extender tube from the Nozzle into the Case. (See pics.)

A Later Note: My newer instructable makes this nozzle install process much easier!

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

step 4: Join a Tube from the Nozzle Into the CaseWe need to be able to connect the small hole in the Nozzle into the inside of the Case. Cut a small (1-1/2 inch long) piece tubing that fits the inside of the Nozzle. Cut twoslots about 1 inch long into the case in front of the Nozzle. Make them about 1/4 inch apart. (see Pics) Cut at each end of the slots to form a rectangular hole. This holewill accept the extension tube and allow it to go inside the case. Insert extension tube into both Nozzle and CD Case and hot-glue into place. Cut the tube flush with theinside of the Case when the glue is cooled. You should get something like what the pictures below show.

A Later Note: My newer instructable makes the nozzle install process much easier!

Image Notes1. Short length of tubing to connect the Nozzle to the CD Case.

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Image Notes1. Cutting 2 slots to make a rectangular hole for the Nozzle Extension Tube.

Image Notes1. Orbit Watermaster Nozzle (or equivalent water nozzle)2. CD Case Cover

Image Notes1. Nozzle-to-Case Extension Tube hot-glued into place. (continue building-up hot-glue around this)2. Nozzle hot-glued into position.3. CD Cover

Image Notes1. Cut off plastic Extension Tube flush with inside of CD Case.2. CD Case. (inside view)3. Orbit Watermaster Inlet Nozzle, (or equivalent)4. Olfa Utility Knife

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Image Notes1. Orifice created by cutting the Extender Tube flush with wall of the Cd Case.

step 5: Finish Nozzle and Attach PVC PipeContinue building up hot-glue until the Nozzle and Nozzle Extension are well secured to the CD Case. There should be no glue on the inside of the Case. The NozzleExtension should have been cut flush with the inside of the Case, giving an oblong shape to the nozzle jet opening. The Nozzle should be well supported by the build-upof glue on the Case by now. Allow the glue to cool.

Now it's time to attach the 2 foot piece of 3/4 inch PVC pipe. Sand each end of the pipe to clean it, then use the PVC primer to prep. Add PVC-to-ABS cement to eachfitting and pipe end, and twist together to connect. Let the cement set for an hour minimum. Here's an instructable for more info on cementing PVC.

Attach the Garden Hose Shut-Off fitting to the fitting on the end of the PVC pipe.

The Nozzle and CD Case Cover mods are done!

Image Notes1. Nozzle-to-Case Extension Tube hot-glued into place. (continue building-uphot-glue around this)2. Nozzle hot-glued into position.3. CD Cover

Image Notes1. Built-up hot-glue to secure Nozzle.2. CD Spindle Cover3. Nozzle. This is the Orbit Watermaster Nozzle. The Holland Water Nozzleswould also adapt.

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Image Notes1. Glue build-up area.2. Nozzle3. CD Spindle Cover

Image Notes1. Nozzle.2. CD Spindle Cover3. Hot-glue build-up area.

Image Notes1. Extension Tube, cut-off flush with wall of CD Spindle Cover.2. Hot-glue build-up area, on outside of cover.3. Nozzle.4. CD Spindle Cover

Image Notes1. Hot-glue areas were painted to match black.2. Orbit Watermaster Nozzle3. 3/4 inch PVC Pipe, 2 feet long.4. Orbit Watermaster Fitting; 3/4 inch pipe to garden hose female.5. Garden Hose Shut-off Valve.6. Quick-connect for garden hose.7. CD Turbine, complete with CD Disc Pack, prepped Spindle, and modifiedSpindle Cover.

step 6: Prepare the CD Spindle.Drill holes in the CD Spindle as shown. Clean out the holes of shavings. De-burr and polish spindle post with 400 sandpaper or cleaning pad. If desired, install a half-inchbarbed garden-hose fitting on the bottom outlet of the Spindle post. This allows a garden hose to be connected to the outlet. This works especially well if the CD SpindleCover is hot-glued or duct-taped to the bottom lip of the Spindle tray for leak-free operation.

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Image Notes1. CD Spindle Post drilled with 25 1/8 inch holes. Port and polish for bestperformance!2. CD Spindle Tray

Image Notes1. The outlet is a 1/2 inch barbed male garden hose fitting press-fit into bottom ofCD Spindle.2. Bottom of CD Spindle

step 7: Assemble The CD Disc PackThe CD Disc Pack is the rotating part that is made of CD's. It spins inside the CD Case. There are several options for CD Disc Packs.

The easiest thing to do, is...nothing! That is, just stack the CD's on the spindle post without gluing or using magnets...about 10 CD's in this case. You can use more CD'sif the CD Spindle is taller.

Disc Packs can also be built by simply gluing together discs with a few drops of Methyl Chloride (available at a plastics shop). Methyl Chloride is the solvent glue for CDDisc polycarbonate-type plastic. Put the glue on the raised ring, which you can feel near the centre of the CD, to bond each CD to the next. The glue sets fast. Try to keepthe Discs centered on the Spindle as they are glued together. A couple of wraps of paper around the Spindle to take up clearance before gluing the discs might help keepthe Disc Pack aligned best.

Let the glue set-up and get ready to assemble and test your Tesla CD Turbine!

Install the recently modified CD Case (with Cover and Nozzle) onto the CD Spindle and Disc Pack. Make sure the Disc Pack spins freely on the Spindle and in the CDCase. Hook up the water pressure supply, adjust the water pressure with the Shut-Off Valve, and the CD's should start to go around!

The speed of the CD Disc Pack is dependant on the water pressure, controlled by the garden hose shut-off valve. It should be able to go over 1200 rpm on garden-hosewater pressure.

Welcome to the wonderful world of the Tesla CD Turbine!

.

Image Notes1. 10-CD stack, glued together and ready for testing.

Image Notes1. CD Turbine Case; Showing empty CD Spindle and CD Cover; ready to acceptany of the CD Disc Packs below.2. Fluid Inlet Pipe3. Magnetic Disc Pack. Uses neodymium magnets between discs. This Disc Packmakes magnetic connection to the Magnetic Coupler, which is external to the CDCase. The Magnetic Disc Pack allows useful work to be done by the CD Turbine,

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

through the magnetic coupling.4. Double-CD discs experiment. Two discs glued back-to-back, (times five), givinga greater gap between each double-disc.5. A loose CD's Disc Pack will work to demonstrate simple boundary-layer rotationwith water pressure.6. CD Disc Pack glued with Methylene Chloride. This pack runs smoother than theloose CD's pack, above.

step 8: Assemble The CD TurbineAssemble your preferred CD Disc Pack on the CD Spindle, twist on the Spindle Cover and attach a garden hose to the Shut-off Valve (make sure it's closed first).Gradually adjust the pressure to make the turbine discs rotate. Water will spray out of the bottom part of the CD Cover between Spindle Cover and Spindle. It gets a littlemessy, so be prepared.

You can avoid most of the water spray mess by carefully sealing the Spindle Cover to the Spindle with hot-glue. If you need to change the disc pack inside, it can be doneby peeling back the cooled hot-glue, then later re-gluing the cover back on.

Image Notes1. CD Turbine Case; Showing empty CD Spindle and CD Cover; ready to acceptany of the CD Disc Packs below.2. Fluid Inlet Pipe3. Magnetic Disc Pack. Uses neodymium magnets between discs. This Disc Packmakes magnetic connection to the Magnetic Coupler, which is external to the CDCase. The Magnetic Disc Pack allows useful work to be done by the CD Turbine,through the magnetic coupling.4. Double-CD discs experiment. Two discs glued back-to-back, (times five), givinga greater gap between each double-disc.5. A loose CD's Disc Pack will work to demonstrate simple boundary-layer rotationwith water pressure.6. CD Disc Pack glued with Methylene Chloride. This pack runs smoother than theloose CD's pack, above.

Image Notes1. Hot-glue areas were painted to match black.2. Orbit Watermaster Nozzle3. 3/4 inch PVC Pipe, 2 feet long.4. Orbit Watermaster Fitting; 3/4 inch pipe to garden hose female.5. Garden Hose Shut-off Valve.6. Quick-connect for garden hose.7. CD Turbine, complete with CD Disc Pack, prepped Spindle, and modifiedSpindle Cover.

step 9: Fun Things To Do With The Basic Tesla CD Turbine

Video

Well now that you built it, what can you do with this basic version of the Tesla CD Turbine?

1.) Put on your favourite old (scratched?) CD on top for the world to see. Call it the Worlds First Turbine-Powered CD Player!

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

2.) Paint on a Hypno-Disc and watch it intently for a few hours...

3.) Attach a water pressure gage and find out how water pressure affects speed of the discs. Get a digital laser Tach and make a graph of pressure vs RPM. Use the CDTurbine as a lawn sprinkler at the same time.

4.) Try altering the Nozzle to get better speed. Is it better with smaller or larger diameter nozzle? Flat or round outlet? What angle? E-mail me when you find out!

5.) OK, maybe you find all of the above too boring.

Well then, think of the awesome possibilities when I tell you how to get power out of this same CD Turbine, with a Magnetic Disc Pack and Magnetic Coupler.

Check out new videos in the new SinkScience series showing the CD Turbine in action, running at the kitchen sinkl on water faucet pressure...First movie below, checkfor latest at my YouTube/MrfixitRick

Video

Also, check out pics of the awesome new model below; the Steampunk Parlour Room Tabletop version of the CD Turbine.

Also, see a wild CD Turbine-powered Skilsaw in my next Instructable!

Image Notes1. Magnetic Coupler2. CD Turbine Outlet3. Inlet nozzle4. To faucet water pressure.

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Image Notes1. Basic Kitchen Model CD Turbine with Magnetic Coupler. All set for holiday funand magic!2. Upper magnets inside the CD Turbine.3. Control Valve and Emergency Shut-off. ( ...like when the Punch BowlAttachment fell over.;)

Image Notes1. 1/2 inch Neodymium Disc magnet, 1/8 inch thickness2. 3/8 inch Neodymium disc magnets 1/32 inch thickness each3. Magnetic Disc Pack, to be used in the magnetic version of the CD Turbine incombination with the Magnetic Coupler. (next Instructable)

Image Notes1. CD Turbine Case; Showing empty CD Spindle and CD Cover; ready to acceptany of the CD Disc Packs below.2. Fluid Inlet Pipe3. Magnetic Disc Pack. Uses neodymium magnets between discs. This Disc Packmakes magnetic connection to the Magnetic Coupler, which is external to the CDCase. The Magnetic Disc Pack allows useful work to be done by the CD Turbine,through the magnetic coupling.4. Double-CD discs experiment. Two discs glued back-to-back, (times five), givinga greater gap between each double-disc.5. A loose CD's Disc Pack will work to demonstrate simple boundary-layerrotation with water pressure.6. CD Disc Pack glued with Methylene Chloride. This pack runs smoother thanthe loose CD's pack, above.

Image Notes1. 3/8 inch x 1/8 inch neodymium disc magnets2. Magnetic Coupler for the magnetic Tesla Cd Turbine. (see next Instructable)

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Image Notes1. CD Case and Magnetic Disc Pack2. Magnetic Coupler3. CD Spindle4. Nozzle

step 10: How Fast Can It Go? ...and A Safety Reminder.Everyone wants to know how fast it will go...that's natural in our fast-moving world. But keep something in mind...to set speed records with this tiny, but powerful, devicerequires a special test zone, preferably not in a populated area!

CD's will explode when over-revved. This includes any RPM over 20,000 rpm. It is unlikely that more than a couple thousand rpm will be achieved by ordinary waterpressure. (1400 rpm was max with my last test on water pressure).

But, again, I must stress that this innocent-looking machine becomes a screaming demon when powered by high air pressure. The CD Turbine, with 120 psi straight airpressure, will easily exceed 20,000 rpm and will violently explode the CD's in the Disc Pack. Not maybe...it will for sure. Don't use air pressure unless you are completelyaware of this!

I use an air pressure regulator, digital tachometer, and a bullet-proof enclosure for high-rpm air pressure testing. And all the usual self-protection gear for dealing withsharp shrapnel.So, be careful, wear protection and have fun!

Oh, by the way, the CD Turbine, with the plain Disc Pack has gone 14,500 rpm on half-throttle compressed air, smooth and safe!, and 11,000 rpm for the Magnetic DiscPack. So far, so good!

I'll show more secrets in the next Instructable of the amazing Tesla CD Turbine.

UPDATE: see my latest instructable for lots more CD turbine fun, with the new Kitchen Sink Model.

Image Notes1. 1/2 inch x 1/8 inch thick neodymium disc magnets2. 1 inch 1/8 inch teflon Pads

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

step 11: Cool CD Turbine MoviesHere's a few of my latest SinkScience videos. I've been having lots of fun, and learning, with the faucet-powered Tesla CD Turbine.

The first video is an overview of the basic faucet-powered CD Turbine and levitating Magnetic Coupler.

The second movie is of some unusual movement of a rotating ball magnet influenced by the turbine.

The third movie is the creation of a beautiful vortex by the magnetic coupler. Enjoy!

Video

Video

Video

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

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Comments50 comments Add Comment view all 221 comments

 cphuph1 says:  Mar 27, 2009. 11:23 PM  REPLYcould i use this sort of set up to run a turbine paint sprayer? ive been looking at the pictures and could not figure out ifthere is an outlet for the air.

 mrfixits says:  Mar 29, 2009. 2:52 PM  REPLYYou likely need compressed air from a compressor to run your turbine paint sprayer. This is a turbine not a compressor. The Tesla Turbine can be runbackwards as a compressor or pump, but it would require running it at about 20,000 to 30,000 rpm, using an electric motor to drive it.

 jraiden says:  Mar 28, 2009. 9:01 PM  REPLYattention: if your tesla cd turbine is not working, it is due to pressure (and maybe friction). Seal it (first press down on outer edge of top to ensure a sealtemporarily to check if that is the problem before permanently gluing it) and make sure friction is to a minimum.

 mrfixits says:  Mar 28, 2009. 10:06 PM  REPLYGood advice; thanks for the comment!

It's true that the Tesla design relies on a differential of pressure inside the case to operate properly. High pressure comes into the turbine through thenozzle. The outlet hole must be unrestricted for best performance ...and a larger outlet will increase rpm at the expense of low-end torque. You can useclear packing tape for a temporary bottom edge seal for testing purposes.

The nozzle size and shape makes a big difference too. The faster the fluid, the faster the turbine. An increased volume of fluid equals more torque for theturbine.

Friction can be reduced with tricks like polishing the centre post with a scrubber pad, using silicone or teflon spray on sliding parts, and using a couple ofspacer discs on the bottom bearing point. A properly designed disc pack will actually levitate in the CD case with application of fluid pressure through thenozzle.

 lukej says:  Mar 13, 2009. 7:19 PM  REPLYCould you run this off a bike tyre pump??

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

 mrfixits says:  Mar 13, 2009. 8:08 PM  REPLYOne model of the Tesla CD Turbine I built could rotate up to 500 rpm just by blowing into it, so yes, a bike pump could do it. But the turbine would have tobe well-balanced, friction-free and you would have to pump really hard!

 sagerosell says:  Feb 24, 2009. 4:13 PM  REPLYthanks for the reply mrfixits..as what i have seen in the site Philippines is on the list of their shipment so maybe i can buy online..i guess using magnets is easier, though much expensive, than other methods because i dont have much knowledge in machining..

 mrfixits says:  Feb 25, 2009. 4:04 AM  REPLYMy most expensive turbine required about $50 worth of magnets. It would be easy to build a good working unit for about half of that. The shipping, duty,fees, etc may be the expensive part.

You can save money on magnets by using smaller ones and less discs; it depends on specifically how much torque you expect to output. Smallermagnets break free of the magnetic coupling easier. I have used the 3/8 x 1/4 size for top magnets and it worked for light-duty magnetic coupling. If youwant to generate power directly from the magnets to coils, you will want to use as powerful of magnets as you can... 1/2 x 1/2 inch N52 is stronger thanN42 for the same size magnet.

 lukej says:  Mar 13, 2009. 7:20 PM  REPLYI looked at your instructableCool videosbut we have a slow internet connection (Even with broadband)

 sagerosell says:  Feb 26, 2009. 6:40 AM  REPLYmainly my target is to make a cellphone charger out of the turbine..can you give suggestions on what kind of magnet and how many discs to use to meet this desired output?i really appreciate the efforts that you are giving to all of the curious members here..hehehe..

 mrfixits says:  Feb 26, 2009. 12:03 PM  REPLYThere are various ways to generate power with this Tesla CD Turbine. You will have to determine an approach before knowing exactly whatmagnets and discs to use.

With the magnetic coupler and it's 6 x 1/2 inch neo magnets, many different attachments can be added. I have magnetically coupled a subaru radfan motor to generate power and charge a battery. At full faucet pressure on a good day, it could charge one AA battery, but not two. Seehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fogl6cFiOhEThat generator arrangement is inefficient, and needs more pressure to increase rpms to generate properly. I was getting in the range of .1 watt to1 watt power output from the 30 psi faucet pressure. A cell phone charger might require 1 - 4 watts for proper operation. The turbine wouldrequire 50-60 psi at about 5 gallons per minute to do that. Some faucet pressure systems might do it.

I also used a hand-crank type headlamp attached to the turbine to charge a cell-phone. It worked, but again the faucet water pressure was notquite enough to do the job.

Here's an idea if you would like to build a dedicated cellphone charger. You could use coils of copper wire, possibly with iron cores, to extract thepower. They could be horsehoe-shaped or u-shaped and wrap over the case.

Normally, the upper large magnets in the turbine are all north-up, NNNNNN. However, if you were to alternate the magnets NSNSNS and usecoils, it would work better to produce an alternating current that could be rectified and then used as a dc charger.

There is another way that would be interesting to try, which is to use a rotating copper disc as in the homopolar motor principle. The rotatingmagnetic field will induce currents in the rotating copper plate, and a voltage between the centre and outer edge of the plate. The rotating copperplate could be part of the turbine, or as a separate magnetically-coupled unit. The electrical contacts to the edge and middle of the plate are theconsiderations. ( See wikipedia under homopolar generator )

There's some ideas to start with. As far as the number of discs, the more discs, the more torque...provided the nozzle can supply enough fluidvolume at sufficient pressure. I used 23 discs in my successful SinkScience turbine, and only eight in some other turbines that ran well. I wouldthink for a charger you could have a thin case and, say, 8 discs. The magnets should be strongest N52 neodymium in at least a 1/2 x 1/2 inchsize.

Good luck with your project, and let me know if I can help.

 sagerosell says:  Feb 26, 2009. 4:40 PM  REPLYthanks for the help and your time..i really want to make this project..is the n52 neodymium for the coupler or it will also be used for the main turbine?

 mrfixits says:  Feb 26, 2009. 10:01 PM  REPLYThe N52 is the strongest neodymium magnet and as such works quite well but is more expensive, harder to handle and less forgiving.

N42 strength will work fine for most applications. For pushing the limits, 1/2 x 1/2 inch N52's would be best. I would use 6 of them in theturbine and then use smaller, cheaper N42 magnets for various magnetic couplers depending on what you are powering.

With powerful magnets in the turbine, you have an option to use less powerful magnets in a coupler.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

Also, keep in mind that if a NSNSNS configuration is chosen for making power with coils, it will not work well as a magnetic coupling, if atall.

 sagerosell says:  Feb 27, 2009. 5:28 AM  REPLYi see..everything seems to be clear for me about the turbine..ive got another question..can i use any kind of dc motor as the generator?

 mrfixits says:  Feb 27, 2009. 10:41 PM  REPLYYou can use almost any dc motor, but the considerations are friction and magnetic drag. There can be too much friction frombearings, seals, commutator, etc. An automotive heater blower motor is about right for the max size.

There is magnetic drag and "cogging" effects from some electric motors. The faucet-powered turbine has little power to start with,so you want a friction-free generator/motor as much as possible.

The rpm range is critical...the water-powered turbine will only be going up to 1000 rpm, less with a load. So a small gen/motor mayneed to be geared up to spin faster to make power. But then you can lose power due to gear or belt friction...

I tried to get an auto alternator to spin with the turbine and faucet water pressure, but could only manage a hundred rpm or so...notenough to generate power. (If I only had more pressure...;)

 sagerosell says:  Mar 1, 2009. 6:18 AM  REPLYlots of info..thanks sir..i got a question, again, in making a wind turbine do i need to gear the motor to gain power to light a LED?sorry for asking to many questions..

 mrfixits says:  Mar 1, 2009. 9:21 AM  REPLYThe gearing would depend on the speed of your wind turbine. Generally, a wind turbine might run in the range of 50 to1000 rpm. An small electric motor/generator or even an auto alternator, will not start to be effective until 1000 rpm andmight work best at the 2000 to 10,000 rpm range.

In this example, the wind turbine might need to be geared UP to raise the generator rpm's.(i.e. 500 rpm turbine speed at3000 rpm gen speed) A normal Tesla turbine would need to be geared DOWN that much to run a generator(say from18,000 rpm turbine speed down to 3000 rpm for generator)

If you just need to light a LED that needs 2-3 volts to light up, then using a small 12 volt motor as generator at lowerspeeds may be just right. Too much rpm's in that case will burn out the LED with excess voltage unless there is a voltageregulator in the circuit.

Tesla turbines are not usually considered for a wind turbine, but the exception is this wind power unit from Tesnik.http://www.tesnic.com/tesnic_turbine.html It uses "more than 200 discs" stacked up with a 2 mm gap between each. Theyhave tested the unit at high efficiency, but don't have commercial units available yet.

 mrfixits says:  Mar 1, 2009. 9:22 AM  REPLY

...and never be sorry for asking questions! hehe

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

 sagerosell says:  Mar 3, 2009. 5:26 PM  REPLYhehe thanks again..

 sivaramakrishnaiah says:  Mar 12, 2009. 3:03 AM  REPLYfor step9:4.) Try altering the Nasal to get better speed. Is it better with smaller or larger diameter nasal? Flat or round outlet? What angle?Ans:5 deg. better position

 Sazumo says:  Feb 19, 2009. 6:41 PM  REPLYEr, I'm also doing a science project, and im wondering on how exactly the CD turbine works. My guess is, the big black inlet thingy is connected to the cdcase and spindle and uses a water hose to shoot water through it. The water spins the cd's inside the case and then the water exits through the holes in thespindle? Also, could you help me come up with a topic concerning this? So far im considering "What is a tesla turbine and whats it do/how's it work?" Thanksin advance x]

 mrfixits says:  Feb 19, 2009. 8:53 PM  REPLYYou are correct as far as the basic way the Tesla Turbine works. The black thingy (sometimes green plastic or brass) is called the inlet nozzle. Thenozzle is very important because it accelerates the fluid to a greater speed and kinetic energy before it spirals between the discs, where it imparts it'senergy by adhesion through the boundary layer effect.

There is good background info at wikipedia under "Tesla Turbine".

"What is a Tesla Turbine and how does it work?" is a good start for a topic. The Tesla disc design works on a principle taking advantage of the adhesioncharacteristics of a fluid. I think an interesting topic would be to show what makes a Tesla Turbine different from other types of turbines.

For example, the disc design makes the Tesla turbine able to take shocks and changes in fluid better than other types. A Tesla turbine was recentlytested as being the only turbine type that can take 100% biomass combustion gasses without failure.

What is it that you find fascinating about the Tesla turbine? When you look deeply into that question, and "follow your passion" as they say, you will findthe topic that is best for you.

Are you planning on building a CD turbine as demo model?

 Sazumo says:  Feb 27, 2009. 9:52 PM  REPLYThanks, and yes I am planning to build a CD turbine as a demo model. I was thinking of comparing the tesla turbine to a wind turbine? If so, should ibuild a simple wind turbine too?

 sp33dstix says:  Feb 27, 2009. 12:13 PM  REPLYI would feel really unsafe knowing that in the event of the CD's exploding at those RPM's that the only thing saving me is that CD cover...

 mrfixits says:  Feb 27, 2009. 2:29 PM  REPLYThat' why I highly recommend a protective safety enclosure! Folks should never be beside or near a CD turbine at high rpm on air pressure. It candefinitely explode at any moment, with CD shrapnel and broken magnets smashing through the CD case easily.

I use a 6 inch diameter 1/8 wall thickness polycarbonate tube as a cover. It's the same material as bulletproof glass and is almost as strong as steel. Ifurthermore use a steel enclosure around that when running the turbine on compressed air.

On water pressure, the rpm's are much less and there is little chance of injury from an explosion, but a bigger chance of a watery mess!

 ReCreate says:  Feb 23, 2009. 5:18 PM  REPLYif it goes faster that 20,000 rpms it will explode?cool,i could make this with HDD disks that are metal so i can speed them up to 100,000 rpms or MORE!

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

 mrfixits says:  Feb 23, 2009. 8:52 PM  REPLYHere's a link to an instructable that uses hard-drive platters...http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-a-15%2c000-rpm-Tesla-Turbine-using-hard-drive-/

 ReCreate says:  Feb 23, 2009. 9:51 PM  REPLYill look into it

 mrfixits says:  Feb 23, 2009. 8:50 PM  REPLYMetal discs don't necessarily go that much faster, because they weigh more and therefore have greater forces ripping them apart. Some folks have builtTesla turbines with HDD discs and have run them as high as 30,000 rpm.

If a metal disc comes apart at 50,000 -100,000 rpm, you had better have a very good safety enclosure, 'cause not much will stop it!

 ReCreate says:  Feb 23, 2009. 9:51 PM  REPLYoh yes,maybe a metal enclosure,with metal bars welded to reinforce it

 Tanners says:  Jan 20, 2009. 6:39 PM  REPLYso for the pack were you glue em all together there wont be any space in between the discs right? so its pretty much just a cylinder?

 mrfixits says:  Jan 20, 2009. 8:57 PM  REPLYThere must be space between the discs; a cylinder won't work in the correct manner. In a Tesla turbine, the fluid must spiral inward through the discs,imparting it's energy to them, until it leaves through the centre exhaust.

In the non-magnet disc pack, I did glue the discs together...but only after carefully grinding about 8 to 10 shallow grooves across the thin circular ridgethat is close to the centre hole on each CD. Some CD's have this ridge on both sides of the CD, and they work better. The grooves allow the fluid to passthrough to the centre hole of the disc and out through the drilled centre post of the turbine.

I used methylene chloride as glue, which is the recommended solvent for polycarbonate, and made sure it didn't get in the grooves.

 Tanners says:  Jan 20, 2009. 9:38 PM  REPLYyea so i just tried building it using penny's as spacers and used super glue to glue it all together and it worked pretty good.... for a while but the topdisc broke off and then it all didn't work so I'm going to rebuild it this weekend because I'm building it for school and this project is due next Mondaydue you have any suggestions for what i could use as spacers that i might have lying around or could pick up at longs or homedepot or do u have asuggestion for a type of glue. i would use magnets but i don't have a lot of money and i don't have time for them to ship. thankyou

 mrfixits says:  Jan 20, 2009. 10:32 PM  REPLYAre you sweating yet? hehe

Dimes will work better than pennies, because they are thinner and lighter. (10x more expensive though!). Thin stainless washers are available atHome Depot, and would be better than pennies or dimes. 3/16 to 1/4 inch diameter could work ok.

The gap-filling type super glue is best, or Marine Goop can be used but needs 1-2 days time to dry. Scratching the discs and spacers(pennies,washers) with some sandpaper beforehand makes the glue stick better.

Some craft/hobby stores have 1/2 inch x 1/8 inch neodymium magnets that work ok for the top disc magnets for light applications. (4 magnets areabout $5.)

 PKTraceur says:  Feb 22, 2009. 3:51 PM  REPLYActually, dimes are created using 5 cents if matreial, whereas nickels use 10 cents. Weird huh?

 mrfixits says:  Feb 22, 2009. 6:16 PM  REPLYYup, and we wonder why the economy is in trouble, hehe!

 sagerosell says:  Feb 20, 2009. 1:11 AM  REPLYhello mrfixits, can i make the faucet hydro electric device without using magnets??cause i cant find a store that sells magnets here in the philippines..thanks in advance..have a nice day..

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

 mrfixits says:  Feb 22, 2009. 2:22 PM  REPLYIt is possible to make a Tesla turbine without the "magnetic drive" that I use in my design. You would need a shaft, bearings, and seals to make it work.Perhaps the case and shaft of an old water pump could be used. You would need to find a way to mount the discs.

Some Cornell engineering students made a slick Tesla CD Turbine with no magnets. It runs on compressed air however. I have the plans if you areinterested. It requires machining. It uses a worm gear to reduce the speed and make more torque. See it here.

Here is a Tesla Turbine/pump combination that is useful to see. Note the leak at the seal, which is one issue with the shaft and bearings design.

The magnetic drive eliminates much of the problems with trying to use the shaft and bearings approach.

To purchase magnets, I use K&J Magnetics, but I don't know if they ship to the Phillipines...or if supermagnets are allowed through customs!

 SuperTails says:  Feb 18, 2009. 9:40 PM  REPLYHave you ever thought to add a water pump and tank so you would only have to use the water that's in the tank?

 mrfixits says:  Feb 18, 2009. 10:52 PM  REPLYYes, and my latest Instructable does just that...it has a recirculating bucket system with a 12-volt pump...all run from solar power, too! Here's the video:

 abpoisson says:  Jan 29, 2009. 12:21 PM  REPLYHi im doing a science project on this and I was wondering if you could help. I know the tesla turbine is supposed to be used as a pump but I would like to useit for electrical purposes. What I'm trying to do is build this turbine and then somehow connect a stator to it that would then output to 2 rechargeble batteriesand then to a strand of L.E.D's. It's kind of complicated but I have one problem; I have on idea how to connect the turbine to the stator. If you have any ideason this or another way to do this it would be greatly apprectated. Thanks in advance.

 mrfixits says:  Jan 29, 2009. 1:43 PM  REPLYFirst of all, the Tesla turbine is a motor, not a pump. It uses high velocity fluid to turn a shaft. However, the Tesla type turbine can also be usedbackwards as a pump. It would require an external motor to drive the Tesla Pump in that case.

Ok so if you build this turbine, you should understand that it has magnets built-in. The magnets act as a magnetic drive for an external magnetic coupler.The coupler can be attached to anything you like, including the rotor for your stator.

In my case, I attached the magnetic coupler to a 12-volt Subaru alternator for example, and was able to get it to rotate under faucet water pressure(30psi), but not enough for serious power without serious pressure (over 80 psi)

I have made power with this unit many ways. See my following SinkScience videos. Here is the one with a picture at the end of the alternator attached; Ialso charge a AA battery in this movie using a Subaru heater motor in reverse as a generator.http://youtube.com/watch?v=fogl6cFiOhE

For other Hydro power videos see my SinkScience # 10 and #14:http://youtube.com/watch?v=rczWjuwZVFA andhttp://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=9DOzgSOFh_4

So you can use the magnetic coupling idea, using 6 magnets on the top of the turbine discs, and 6 magnets in the coupler.

If you don't use a magnetic coupler, you are forced to use some sort of shaft. The shaft is problematic because of needing bearings and seals, whichdon't work too well on a CD cakebox set-up.

Let me know if you have questions.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Build-an-Amazing-Tesla-CD-Turbine/

 mayazk says:  Jan 17, 2009. 8:41 PM  REPLYHelloo all,

I am trying to build this awesome turbine for a science fair. Although these steps are helpful i am not sure where to get all the material from and some of thesteps are a bit blurry. i was wondering if anyone would be curious enough to helpThanks alot

 mrfixits says:  Jan 17, 2009. 9:17 PM  REPLYDon't worry...I will answer all questions!

 mayazk says:  Jan 17, 2009. 10:12 PM  REPLYIts not that i am having trouble understanding this idea (i do understand it now) but the part with it exploding and then shrapnels flying all over is notso exciting. So i was wondering if i should get a normal plastic cd cover or what, because you mentioned about a bulletproof one, and im not surehow to approach that.

 mrfixits says:  Jan 18, 2009. 12:23 AM  REPLYA normal CD cover will work for normal faucet water pressures, and is what I used for all my SinkScience videos. Because of the low rpms, if itblows up, you might get things wet but that's about it. Whether it bursts will be dependent on your skill and craftsmanship with a hot-glue gun andpolyethylene, (hint: hot-glue sticks are polyethylene like the CD case) and on the ability to regulate the pressures in the turbine.

I like to use an 8 inch length of 6 inch diameter clear polycarbonate tubing, as a protective barrier for anything more than faucet water pressure.Thicker 1/2 inch polycarbonate is what is commonly called "bulletproof glass". The tubing worked in my last video to keep the water mostly in oneplace, and I demonstrated the turbine as still working... even after bursting! See: http://youtube.com/watch?v=EXo3e58rZ7U

 astrozombies138 says:  May 19, 2008. 3:30 PM  REPLYI just got my magnets, wow their a bit smaller than i originally thought, so its ok if i dont glue the magnets on or anythingi just just put them on the cds? orshould i glue them in place?

 mrfixits says:  May 19, 2008. 4:40 PM  REPLYThe magnets will stay on without glue if there are multiple layers of discs and the magnets are strong enough. But it can't be revved past about 800-1000rpm. Sudden surges in water pressure or from a sudden stop of the magnetic coupler will dislodge the magnets as well.

Glue-less is not a great solution except for limited testing, especially since the spindle cover requires a bunch of work to properly seal it with hot-glue.

I use the thicker Crazy Glue, and scratch the magnets with medium grade sandpaper where they bond.Sometimes I use Marine Goop for bigger magnets and let it set a couple of days.

 astrozombies138 says:  May 20, 2008. 9:25 AM  REPLYawesome, im gonna be using a loctite marine epoxy, as soon as i get you approval for it to work, until then im just going to try some test runs withoutthe glue. thanks for all the help so far too :D

 mrfixits says:  May 20, 2008. 11:35 AM  REPLYThat should work for you. Good luck & let me know.

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