Slide 1

Test ReviewAE & Fiscal PolicyRemember, the next test will be over AD/AS [about half] and AE and Fiscal Policy. Make sure you know these 28 questions on AE and Fiscal Policy.1. Expansionary fiscal policy will be most effective [increase GDP] when the AS curve is (vertical/horizontal) & (incr/decr) C and (incr/decr) unemployment.

2. The paradox of thrift indicates that an increase in saving (matched/unmatched) by an increase in investment will lower equilibrium GDP.

Fiscal Policy Test Review 1-23. A contractionary fiscal policy [decr G, incr T] would cause a[an] (incr/decr) in output[GDP] and a[an] (incr/decr) in interest rates.

4. An expansionary fiscal policy [incr G, decr T] would cause a[an] (incr/decr) in output[GDP] and a[an] (incr/decr) in interest rates.

5. In the AE model, if AE[AD]doesnt buy up FE output(GDP), then the equilibrium output is (less than/more then) full employment output.[G ; LFM ; In. Rates ]

[G ; LFM ; In. Rates ]

[#3 & #4, start froma balanced budget]Recessionary GapInflationary Gap

G $2 Trillion T $2 Trillion[T ; LFM ; In. Rates ][T ; LFM ; In. Rates ]

Fiscal Policy Test Review 3-46. To decrease AD the greatest amount, the government should: (decrease G only/increase T only/both decr G & incr T)7. To increase AD the greatest amount, the G should: (increase G only/decrease T only/both incr G and decr T)8. With a MPC of .5 and current output at $500 billion, but F.E. output is $700 billion, correct fiscal policy would be to (increase G/Decrease T) by $100 billion. 9. If businesses are experiencing an unplanned increase in inventories, AE is (less than/greater than) FE output and spending in the economy will (increase/decrease).10. If businesses are experiencing an unplanned decrease in inventories [disinvestment]AE is (less than/greater than) FE output & spending in the economy will (increase/decrease).

11. If C equals income at $500 billion, & MPC is .9, then an increase in Ig of $10 billion will change equilibrium GDP to ($400/$490/$510/$600) billion.12. A conservative economist would want tax (incr/decr) during a recession & (incr/decr) in G during inflationary times.13. A liberal economist would want tax (incr/decr) during an inflation & (incr/decr) in G during recessionary periods.14. An inflationary gap indicates AE[actual GDP] (exceeds/falls short of) FE GDP.15. A recessionary gap indicates AE[actual GDP] (exceeds/falls short of) FE GDP.16. To increase GDP [but reduce military spending], we would combine two (domestic/overseas) bases into one (domestic/overseas) base.17. A tax cut to expand the economy would (incr/decr) Y & (incr/decr) in. rates.18. A tax increase to contract the economy would (incr/decr) Y & (incr/decr) IR.

500500

19. To increase equilibrium GDP by $400,000, with a MPC of .5, a Keynesian economist would (decrease T/increase G) by $200,000.

20. Equilibrium GDP is $500 billion and MPS is .4. Now G collects taxes of $22 billion and spends the entire amount. As a result, equilibrium GDP will change to: ($445/$478/$522/$555).

21. With a MPC of .5, a $12 billion increase in G will increase C by ($12/$24/$36) bil.

22. With a MPC of .5 and the economy in a recessionary spending gap of $12 billion, we may conclude that the equilibrium is ($12/$24/$36) billion short of FE GDP.

Test Review 19-22

23. An increase in Ig of $25 billion resulted in an increase in equilibrium income (GDP) of $50B, so the MPS was?24. A contractionary fiscal policy results in a(n) (incr/decr) in output, and a(n) (incr/decr) in interest rates.

25. Increasing T or decreasing G will (increase/decrease) consumption, and (increase/decrease) unemployment.26. With a MPC of .5, and the economy with an inflationary GDP Gap of $50 billion, G could eliminate this inflationary GDP by reducing government spending by? [Incr T or Decr G]$25 billion

Test Review 23-26

27. An increase in Ig in an economy (increase)/decrease) GDP & (increase/decrease) C.

28. If there is an equal increase in G and T of $25 billion in the horizontal range of AS, then output will (increase/decrease/stay the same).

Test Review 27-28

PLPLRGDPAD1AD2

2501,200 GDP[bil]From the above graph, moving from equilibrium E to F, what can we conclude about the following: A. How much is G?B. The increase in Y?C. The ME [Chg in Y/Chg in Expenditures = ME]?

[Public Sector][No Public Sector]

2. Know what these do to the AD[C+Ig+G+Xn] or AS[REP] curves.

A. Trade partners incomes increase? ___ decrease?___ B. Availability of land, labor, & capital increase?__ decrease?__ C. Productivity increases? ___ D. Resource[input] cost increases? ___ decreases? ___ E. Government spending increases? ___ decreases? ___ F. Stock Market drastically increases? ___ decreases? ___ E. A strong dollars impact on net exports. ___ F. A strong dollars impact on resource cost. ___

3. Know the above on a graph like this: A. At K, we have a [recessionary/inflationary] output gap? B. At J, we have a [recessionary/inflationary] output gap? C. The recessionary SPENDING gap is [KH/EI/JG] D. The inflationary SPENDING gap is [KH/ED/EI] C. Correct fiscal policy if we are at C+Ig1 if 0B is FE Y would be to [increase/decrease] G and [increase/decrease] T.

4. Which of the following would be the A. Classical AS curve B. Keynesian AS curve C. Supply-side AS curve 5. If there is an increase in AD in each one of these, what happens to PL, Output & Employment?ASASAS(a.)(b.)(c.)PL -; Y/Empl. PL ; Y/Empl. -PL ; Y/Empl. PLPLPLRGDPRGDPRGDPY*(a.)(b.)(c.)

AD1AD2AD1

AD2AD1

AD2

PL6. Paradox of Thrift applies in the Keynesian range or Classical range?

7. Ratchet effect are prices and wages sticky up or down?

8. Crowding out - An increase in government spending causes the interest rate to (increase/decrease) &, Ig to (increase/decrease)?

9. If MPS is .50 and we have a recessionary spending gap of $10 billion, how short are we of FE GDP?

10. What is a political business cycle?

11. What triggers the wealth effect, interest rate effect, and the foreign purchase effect?

12. Know how to figure productivity and per unit production cost.

13. Know the difference between a A. Change in AQD or AQS B. Change in AD or AS14. If income increases from $500 B to $600 B, and Ig of $25 B caused the $100 B increase in Y, then the ME and MPS were?

15. The MPS is .50, and C = Y at $600 billion. Now Ig is increased by $50 billion, therefore the new equilibrium Y is?

$700$600Consumption$600 BAE[C+Ig]RGDP [billions]

$50 B16. Now G increases G&T by 50 bil., then the new equilibrium Y would be?1. At income level OT, the volume of consumption is _____.2. At income level OT, the volume of saving is _____3. The APC is equal to 1 at income level ___.4. If Ig is Ig1, then equilibrium GDP is _____.5. If Ig is Ig2, then equilibrium GDP is _____.6. If Ig increases from Ig1 to Ig2, equilibrium GDP increases by _____.7. If Ig increases from Ig1 to Ig2, the MPC is equal to __________.8. As we move from income level OV to OU, the MPS is ________.9. The economy is dissaving at income level _____.10. Consumption will be equal to income at income level ___.W V U TB0AE (C+Ig)AE (C+Ig2)AE (C+Ig1)ConsumptionFEDCReal GDP45

G

APractice Quiz 3400500+25 B11. Going from OV to OU, what is the ME?AP1. An increase in Ig of $75B results in an increase in equilibrium income (GDP) of $300billion, so the MPS is?2. An expansionary fiscal policy results in a(n) (incr/decr) in output, & a(n) (incr/decr) in interest rates.

3. Increasing T or decreasing G will (increase/decrease) consumption, and (increase/decrease) unemployment.4. With a MPC of .75, & the economy with an inflationary GDP Gap of $80B, G could eliminate this $80 billion inflationary GDP Gap by reducing government spending by?5. With a MPC of .60 & current output at $650 bil. but FE output is $700 billion, correct fiscal policy would be to (increase G/decrease T) by $20 billion.

.

$2 Tr.$2 Tr.GT

Test Review 1-56. An increase in Ig in an economy will (incr)/decr) GDP & (incr/decr) C.7. In an inflationary economy, (actual Y/potential Y) exceeds (actual Y/potential Y). 8. In the complex economy (C+Ig+G+Xn), the leakages are? & the injections are?9. If there is an equal increase in G&T of $10 billion, then output will (increase/decrease). [S, T, & M][G, Ig, X]

Test Review 6-9

200 400 1,000 1,600 2,200 bil. 0 N Q K L M

$2,200$1,600$1,000$700$400

JPIHGEFABCD AE3[C+Ig+G+Xn]AE2[C+Ig+G]AE1[C+Ig]ConsumptionReal GDP

Inflat.GapRecess.Gap1. The APC is one at letter: (J/H/G/A).2. Consumption will be equal to income(GDP) at (200/400/1000).3. A shift from AE2 to AE3 would be caused by a[an] (appreciation/depreciation) of the dollar.4. If there is a shift from J to H, the simple multiplier is: (2/3/4/5)5. With an MPC of .75, an increase in G of $200 billion, would increase C [not income] by: a. $800 billion b. $600 billion c. $150 billion6. If the FE GDP is OL & we are at AE1, the (recess./inflat.) gap is (AB/BC).

$200+300

AE[C+Ig+G+Xn]$500Practice Quiz $800+300+300

200 400 1,000 1,600 2,200 bil. 0 N Q K L M

$2,200$1,600$1,000$700JPIHGEFABCD AE3[C+Ig+G+Xn]AE2[C+Ig+G]AE1[C+Ig]ConsumptionReal GDP AE[C+Ig+G+Xn]

Inflat.GapRecess.Gap7. If the FE GDP is OL [$1,600] and we are at AE3, the (recessionary/inflationary) gap is: (BC or AB).8. The equilibrium level of GDP at AE3 is ($1,000/$1,600/$2,200).9. If FE is OL [$1,600] & we are at AE1, correct fiscal policy would be to (increase/decrease) G &/or (increase/decrease) T.10. If FE is OL [$1,600] & we are at AE3, correct fiscal policy would be to (increase/decrease) G &/or (increase/decrease) T.11. At income level OK, the volume of saving is: ($300/$700/$1,000).12. The economy is dissaving GDP level: ($200/$400/$600).+300$200

$400$500Practice Quiz $800+300+300

Inflat.Gap

16. At AE1 [$1,000], the G decreases both G & T by $400 billion to balance the budget. With a simple multiplier of 5, the GDP (increases/decreases) to ($600/$1,000/ $1,600/$1,800).

17. At AE1 ($1,000), the G spends $500 billion & increases taxes by $500 billion to balance the budget. With a simple multiplier of 5 the GDP (increases/decreases) to ($500/$1,000/$1,500/$1,800).13. A shift from J to H would result in a MPC of: (HK/OK or IP/QK or HI/OK)

14. A shift from J to H would result in a MPS of: (HK/OK or IP/QK or HI/QK)

15. At AE1, consumption totals ($200/$300/$700). 200 400 1,000 1,600 2,200 bil. 0 N Q K L M

$2,200$1,600$1,000$700$400JPIHGEFABCD AE3[C+Ig+G+Xn]AE2[C+Ig+G]AE1[C+Ig]CAE[C+Ig+G+Xn]

Recess.Gap+300$200

$500Practice Quiz $800+300+300

1.The economy is dissaving at a. 200 b. 400 c. 1,0002. Aggregate saving will bezero where GDP is a. $200 b. $400 c. $6003. At AE1, savings totals a. $300 b. $700 c. $1,0004. If the FE GDP is OL & weare at AE3 the inflationaryspending gap is a. BC b. AB c. CD5. With an MPC of .60, an increase in G of $100 billion would increase C [not income] to: a. $150 B b. $250 B c. $600 B 6. Moving from J to H, the MPC is: a. FE/KL b. IP/OK c. IP/QK7. A movement from AE2 to AE3 would be caused by a(an) _______ of the dollar? A. appreciation b. depreciation8. If the FE GDP is OL and we are at AE1 the recessionary spending gap is: a. AB b. BC c. CD9. Consumption is equal to GDP at: a. 200 b. $400 c. $60010. At AE1($1,000 GDP), G increases G&T by $100 billion. With a M of 2, GDP increases to: a. $1,000 b. $1,100 c. $1,200

Hard Quiz

G$200+300

$400$500

The AE Quiz

+300+300Lets look at some AE and Fiscal Policyquestions asked on previous AP Macro Examsa 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. b 9. b 10. b Answers to previous quiz

(64%) 1. Crowding out is best described as which of the following? a. The decrease in full-employment output caused by an increase in taxes b. The decrease in private investment spending & consumption caused by an increase in government spending c. The decrease in government spending caused by a decrease in taxes d. The increase in the amount of capital outflow caused by the increase in government spending e. The increase in the amount of capital inflow caused by the increase in government spending(51%) 2. An increase in government spending with no change in taxes leads to a a. lower income level b. lower price level c. smaller money supply d. higher interest rate e. higher bond price (39%) 3. If investors feel that business conditions will deteriorate in the future, the demand for loans and real interest rate in the loanable funds market will change in which of the following ways in the short run? Demand for LoansReal Interest Rate a. IncreaseIncrease b. Increase Decrease c. Decrease Increase d. DecreaseDecrease e. DecreaseNot changeFiscal Policy

AE & Fiscal Policy Questions on 2000 AP Exam4. (81%) The value of the spending multiplier (ME) decreases when a. tax rates are reduced d. government spending increases b. exports decline e. the marginal propensity to save increases c. imports decline5. (75%) Which of the following policies would a Keynesian recommend during a period of high unemployment and low inflation? a. decreasing the MS to reduce AD b. decreasing taxes to stimulate AD c. decreasing government spending to stimulate AS d. balancing the budget to stimulate AS6. (47%) Which of the following best explains why equilibrium income will increase by more than $100 in response to a $100 increase in G? a. Incomes will rise, resulting in a tax decrease. b. Incomes will rise, resulting in higher consumption. c. The increased spending raises the aggregate price level. d. The increased spending increases the money supply, lowering interest rates. e. The higher budget deficit reduces investment.7. (56%) Unexpected increases in inventories usually precede a. increases in inflationb. increases in importsc. stagflation d. decreases in productione. decreases in unemployment

8. (63%) The economy on the right is currently experiencing a. inflation b. recession c. expansion d. stagflation e. rapid growth9. (77%) Correct monetary policy to reach FE GDP is to increase a. the MS b. the RR c. discount rate d. taxes e. exports10. (36%) The minimum increase in government spending to reach full employment is a. $2,000 b. $1,000 c. $500 d. $200 e. $100

11. (58%) In the simple Keynesian AE model [not AD/AS] of an economy, changes in Ig or G will lead to a change in which of the following? a. the price level b. the level of output and employment c. interest rates d. the AS curve 12. (83%) In a closed-private in which the APC is .75, which of following is true? a. If income is $100, then saving is $75.d. If income is $200, then C is $75 b. If income is $100, then C is $50e. If income is $500, then saving is $100 c. If income is $200, then saving is $50

Full.Employ.CC+IgAE$500$4000 $800 $1,000 $2,000

EA

Fiscal Policy Questions from 2000 Exam

13. (73%) An inflationary gap can be eliminated by all of the following EXCEPT a. an increase in personal income taxesd. a decrease in G b. an increase in the MSe. a decrease in Xn c. an increase in the interest rate14. (56%) A major advantage of automatic stabilizers in fiscal policy is that they a. reduce the public debt b. increase the possibility of a balanced budget c. stabilize the unemployment rate d. go into effect without passage of new legislation e. automatically reduce the inflation rate

Which answer doesnot slow the economy?

15. (70%) In the short run, a contractionary fiscal policy will cause AD, output, and the price level to change in which of the following ways?ADOutputPrice level a. decreasedecreasedecrease b. decreaseincreaseincrease c. increase decreasedecrease d. increaseincreaseincrease 16. (52%) Crowding out due to government borrowing occurs when a. lower interest rates increase private sector investment b. lower interest rates decrease private sector investment c. higher interest rates decrease private sector investment d. a smaller money supply increases private sector investment 17. (42%) Compared to expansionary monetary policies adopted to counteract a recession, expansionary fiscal policies tend to result in a. less public spendingc. a high rate of economic growth b. higher interest ratesd. lower prices

1995 AP Exam18. (71%) An increase in which will increase the value of the ME? a. The supply of moneyd. The marginal propensity to consume b. Equilibrium outpute. The required reserve ratio c. Personal income tax rates19. (61%) An AS curve may be horizontal over some range because within that range a. a higher PL leads to higher interest rates, which reduces the MS & C b. changes in the aggregate PL do not induce substitution c. output cannot be increased unless prices and interest rates increase d. rigid prices prevent employment from fluctuating e. resources are underemployed & an increase in AD will be satisfied without any pressure on the PL20. (45%) What could cause simultaneous increases in inflation & unemployment a. a decrease in government spendingd. An increase in inflationary expectations b. A decrease in the money supplye. An increase in productivity c. A decrease in the velocity of money21. (85%) Which of the following will result in the greatest increase in AD? a. A $100 increase in taxes b. A $100 decrease in taxes c. A $100 increase in government expenditures d. A $100 increase in government expenditures, coupled with a $100 increase in taxes e. A $100 increase in government expenditures, couples with a $100 decrease in taxes22. (65%) Which of the following will result from a decrease in government spending? a. An increase in outputd. A decrease in AS b. An increase in the price levele. A decrease in AD c. An increase in employment

C+IgC+Ig+GAE$325$2000 $1,000 $1,500 GDP

EF23. (61%) The graph indicates equilibrium at E for a closed economy without G. If the addition of G results in equilibrium at F, which of the following is true? a. G is $300 and the multiplier is 5.b. G is $125 and the multiplier is 4.c. G is $100 and consumption increased by $500.d. G and Ig increase by $500.e. Consumption and GDP increase by $500 each.

24. (84%) According to Keynesian theory, decreasing taxes and increasing G will most likely change consumption and unemployment in which of the following ways? ConsumptionUnemployment a. DecreaseNo change b. DecreaseNo change c. IncreaseDecrease d. IncreaseIncrease e. No change Decrease25. (79%) In an economy at full employment, a presidential candidate proposes cutting the government debt in half in 4 years by increase T and reducing G. According to Keynesian theory, implementation of these policies is most likely to increase a. unemploymentd. aggregate supply b. consumer pricese. the rate of economic growth c. aggregate demand

26. (79%) If the economy is in a severe recession, which of the following is the fiscal policy most effective in stimulating production and employment? a. Government spending increases. b. Government spending decreases. c. Personal income taxes are increased. d. The Fed sells bonds on the open market. e. The Fed buys bonds on the open market.

27. (27%) Faced with a large federal budget deficit, the government decides to decrease expenditures and tax revenues by the same amount. This action will affect output and interest rates in which of the following ways? OutputInterest Rates a. IncreaseIncrease b. IncreaseDecrease c. No changeDecrease d. DecreaseIncrease e. DecreaseDecrease

28. (28%) If crowding out only partially offsets the effects of a tax cut, which of the following changes in interest rates and GDP are most likely to occur. Interest Rates GDP a. Increase Increase b. Increase Remain unchanged c. Increase Decrease d. Remain unchanged Increase e. Decrease Decrease

29. (62%) According to the Keynesian saving schedule, when aggregate income increases by a given amount, savings will a. remain the same b. decrease by the amount of the change in income c. increase by the amount of the change in income d. increase by less than the amount of the change in income e. increase by more than the amount of the change in incomeCheck your answers!! Test Review ANSWERS!!AE & Fiscal PolicyRemember, the next test will be over AD/AS [about half] and AE and Fiscal Policy. Make sure you know these 28 questions on AE and Fiscal Policy.1. Expansionary fiscal policy will be most effective [increase GDP] when the AS curve is (vertical/horizontal) & (incr/decr) C and (incr/decr) unemployment.

2. The paradox of thrift indicates that an increase in saving (matched/unmatched) by an increase in investment will lower equilibrium GDP.

Fiscal Policy Test Review 1-23. A contractionary fiscal policy [decr G, incr T] would cause a[an] (incr/decr) in output[GDP] and a[an] (incr/decr) in interest rates.

4. An expansionary fiscal policy [incr G, decr T] would cause a[an] (incr/decr) in output[GDP] and a[an] (incr/decr) in interest rates.

5. In the AE model, if AE[AD]doesnt buy up FE output(GDP), then the equilibrium output is (less than/more then) full employment output.[G ; LFM ; In. Rates ]

[G ; LFM ; In. Rates ]

[#3 & #4, start froma balanced budget]Recessionary GapInflationary Gap

G $2 Trillion T $2 Trillion[T ; LFM ; In. Rates ][T ; LFM ; In. Rates ]

Fiscal Policy Test Review 3-46. To decrease AD the greatest amount, the government should: (decrease G only/increase T only/both decr G & incr T)7. To increase AD the greatest amount, the G should: (increase G only/decrease T only/both incr G and decr T)8. With a MPC of .5 and current output at $500 billion, but F.E. output is $700 billion, correct fiscal policy would be to (increase G/Decrease T) by $100 billion. 9. If businesses are experiencing an unplanned increase in inventories, AE is (less than/greater than) FE output and spending in the economy will (increase/decrease).10. If businesses are experiencing an unplanned decrease in inventories [disinvestment]AE is (less than/greater than) FE output & spending in the economy will (increase/decrease).

11. If C equals income at $500 billion, & MPC is .9, then an increase in Ig of $10 billion will change equilibrium GDP to ($400/$490/$510/$600) billion.12. A conservative economist would want tax (incr/decr) during a recession & (incr/decr) in G during inflationary times.13. A liberal economist would want tax (incr/decr) during an inflation & (incr/decr) in G during recessionary periods.14. An inflationary gap indicates AE[actual GDP] (exceeds/falls short of) FE GDP.15. A recessionary gap indicates AE[actual GDP] (exceeds/falls short of) FE GDP.16. To increase GDP [but reduce military spending], we would combine two (domestic/overseas) bases into one (domestic/overseas) base.17. A tax cut to expand the economy would (incr/decr) Y & (incr/decr) in. rates.18. A tax increase to contract the economy would (incr/decr) Y & (incr/decr) IR.

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19. To increase equilibrium GDP by $400,000, with a MPC of .5, a Keynesian economist would (decrease T/increase G) by $200,000.

20. Equilibrium GDP is $500 billion and MPS is .4. Now G collects taxes of $22 billion and spends the entire amount. As a result, equilibrium GDP will change to: ($445/$478/$522/$555).

21. With a MPC of .5, a $12 billion increase in G will increase C by ($12/$24/$36) bil.

22. With a MPC of .5 and the economy in a recessionary spending gap of $12 billion, we may conclude that the equilibrium is ($12/$24/$36) billion short of FE GDP.

Test Review 19-22

23. An increase in Ig of $25 billion resulted in an increase in equilibrium income (GDP) of $50B, so the MPS was?24. A contractionary fiscal policy results in a(n) (incr/decr) in output, and a(n) (incr/decr) in interest rates.

25. Increasing T or decreasing G will (increase/decrease) consumption, and (increase/decrease) unemployment.26. With a MPC of .5, and the economy with an inflationary GDP Gap of $50 billion, G could eliminate this inflationary GDP by reducing government spending by? [Incr T or Decr G].5$25 billion

Test Review 23-26

27. An increase in Ig in an economy (increase)/decrease) GDP & (increase/decrease) C.

28. If there is an equal increase in G and T of $25 billion in the horizontal range of AS, then output will (increase/decrease/stay the same).

Test Review 27-28

PLPLRGDPAD1AD2

[would increase by $25 billion]

2501,200 GDP[bil]From the above graph, moving from equilibrium E to F, what can we conclude about the following: A. How much is G?B. The increase in Y?C. The ME [Chg in Y/Chg in Expenditures = ME]?$50 B$200 B$200 B/$50 B = 4

[Public Sector][No Public Sector]

2. Know what these do to the AD[C+Ig+G+Xn] or AS[REP] curves.

A. Trade partners incomes increase? ___ decrease?___ B. Availability of land, labor, & capital increase?__ decrease?__ C. Productivity increases? ___ D. Resource[input] cost increases? ___ decreases? ___ E. Government spending increases? ___ decreases? ___ F. Stock Market drastically increases? ___ decreases? ___ E. A strong dollars impact on net exports. ___ F. A strong dollars impact on resource cost. ___ABCDCABABCDBC

3. Know the above on a graph like this: A. At K, we have a [recessionary/inflationary] output gap? B. At J, we have a [recessionary/inflationary] output gap? C. The recessionary SPENDING gap is [KH/EI/JG] D. The inflationary SPENDING gap is [KH/ED/EI] C. Correct fiscal policy if we are at C+Ig1 if 0B is FE Y would be to [increase/decrease] G and [increase/decrease] T.

4. Which of the following would be the A. Classical AS curve B. Keynesian AS curve C. Supply-side AS curve 5. If there is an increase in AD in each one of these, what happens to PL, Output & Employment?ASASAS(a.)(b.)(c.)(c.)(a.)(b.)PL - no change; Y/Empl. - increasePL increase; Y/Empl. - increasePL increase; Y/Empl. no changePLPLPLRGDPRGDPRGDPY*(a.)(b.)(c.)

AD1AD2AD1

AD2AD1

AD2

PL6. Paradox of Thrift applies in the Keynesian range or Classical range?

7. Ratchet effect are prices and wages sticky up or down?

8. Crowding out - An increase in government spending causes the interest rate to (increase/decrease) &, Ig to (increase/decrease)?

9. If MPS is .50 and we have a recessionary spending gap of $10 billion, how short are we of FE GDP?

10. What is a political business cycle?

11. What triggers the wealth effect, interest rate effect, and the foreign purchase effect?

12. Know how to figure productivity and per unit production cost.

13. Know the difference between a A. Change in AQD or AQS B. Change in AD or ASKeynesian range$20 billionRev up economy before an electionChange in PLCaused by chg in PLCaused by chg in CIGXn or REPHow many outputs from inputs; Total input cost divided by outputs14. If income increases from $500 B to $600 B, and Ig of $25 B caused the $100 B increase in Y, then the ME and MPS were?

15. The MPS is .50, and C = Y at $600 billion. Now Ig is increased by $50 billion, therefore the new equilibrium Y is?

4 and .25$700$600Consumption$600 BAE[C+Ig]RGDP [billions]

$50 B16. Now G increases G&T by 50 bil., then the new equilibrium Y would be?$750 billion 1. At income level OT, the volume of consumption is _____.2. At income level OT, the volume of saving is _____.3. The APC is equal to 1 at income level ___.4. If Ig is Ig1, then equilibrium GDP is _____.5. If Ig is Ig2, then equilibrium GDP is _____.6. If Ig increases from Ig1 to Ig2, equilibrium GDP increases by _____.7. If Ig increases from Ig1 to Ig2, the MPC is equal to __________.8. As we move from income level OV to OU, the MPS is ________.9. The economy is dissaving at income level _____.10. Consumption will be equal to income at income level _____.TCCFOVOUOTUTBC/UTAE/VUOWOVW V U TB0AE (C+Ig)AE (C+Ig2)AE (C+Ig1)ConsumptionFEDCReal GDP45

G

APractice Quiz 3400500+25 B11. Going from OV to OU, what is the ME?AP41. An increase in Ig of $75B results in an increase in equilibrium income (GDP) of $300billion, so the MPS is?2. An expansionary fiscal policy results in a(n) (incr/decr) in output, & a(n) (incr/decr) in interest rates.

3. Increasing T or decreasing G will (increase/decrease) consumption, and (increase/decrease) unemployment.4. With a MPC of .75, & the economy with an inflationary GDP Gap of $80B, G could eliminate this $80 billion inflationary GDP Gap by reducing government spending by?5. With a MPC of .60 & current output at $650 bil. but FE output is $700 billion, correct fiscal policy would be to (increase G/decrease T) by $20 billion.

.25$20 bil.[Decr T or Incr G]

$2 Tr.$2 Tr.GT

Test Review 1-56. An increase in Ig in an economy will (incr)/decr) GDP & (incr/decr) C.7. In an inflationary economy, (actual Y/potential Y) exceeds (actual Y/potential Y). 8. In the complex economy (C+Ig+G+Xn), the leakages are? & the injections are?9. If there is an equal increase in G&T of $10 billion, then output will (increase/decrease). [S, T, & M][G, Ig, X]

Test Review 6-9

200 400 1,000 1,600 2,200 bil. 0 N Q K L M

$2,200$1,600$1,000$700$400

JPIHGEFABCD AE3[C+Ig+G+Xn]AE2[C+Ig+G]AE1[C+Ig]ConsumptionReal GDP

Inflat.GapRecess.Gap1. The APC is one at letter: (J/H/G/A).2. Consumption will be equal to income(GDP) at (200/400/1000).3. A shift from AE2 to AE3 would be caused by a[an] (appreciation/depreciation) of the dollar.4. If there is a shift from J to H, the simple multiplier is: (2/3/4/5)5. With an MPC of .75, an increase in G of $200 billion, would increase C [not income] by: a. $800 billion b. $600 billion c. $150 billion6. If the FE GDP is OL & we are at AE1, the (recess./inflat.) gap is (AB/BC).

$200+300

AE[C+Ig+G+Xn]$500Practice Quiz $800+300+300

200 400 1,000 1,600 2,200 bil. 0 N Q K L M

$2,200$1,600$1,000$700JPIHGEFABCD AE3[C+Ig+G+Xn]AE2[C+Ig+G]AE1[C+Ig]ConsumptionReal GDP AE[C+Ig+G+Xn]

Inflat.GapRecess.Gap7. If the FE GDP is OL [$1,600] and we are at AE3, the (recessionary/inflationary) gap is: (BC or AB).8. The equilibrium level of GDP at AE3 is ($1,000/$1,600/$2,200).9. If FE is OL [$1,600] & we are at AE1, correct fiscal policy would be to (increase/decrease) G &/or (increase/decrease) T.10. If FE is OL [$1,600] & we are at AE3, correct fiscal policy would be to (increase/decrease) G &/or (increase/decrease) T.11. At income level OK, the volume of saving is: ($300/$700/$1,000).12. The economy is dissaving GDP level: ($200/$400/$600).+300$200

$400$500Practice Quiz $800+300+300

Inflat.Gap

16. At AE1 [$1,000], the G decreases both G & T by $400 billion to balance the budget. With a simple multiplier of 5, the GDP (increases/decreases) to ($600/$1,000/ $1,600/$1,800).

17. At AE1 ($1,000), the G spends $500 billion & increases taxes by $500 billion to balance the budget. With a simple multiplier of 5 the GDP (increases/decreases) to ($500/$1,000/$1,500/$1,800).13. A shift from J to H would result in a MPC of: (HK/OK or IP/QK or HI/OK)

14. A shift from J to H would result in a MPS of: (HK/OK or IP/QK or HI/QK)

15. At AE1, consumption totals ($200/$300/$700). 200 400 1,000 1,600 2,200 bil. 0 N Q K L M

$2,200$1,600$1,000$700$400JPIHGEFABCD AE3[C+Ig+G+Xn]AE2[C+Ig+G]AE1[C+Ig]CAE[C+Ig+G+Xn]

Recess.Gap+300$200

$500Practice Quiz $800+300+300

1.The economy is dissaving at a. 200 b. 400 c. 1,0002. Aggregate saving will bezero where GDP is a. $200 b. $400 c. $6003. At AE1, savings totals a. $300 b. $700 c. $1,0004. If the FE GDP is OL & weare at AE3 the inflationaryspending gap is a. BC b. AB c. CD5. With an MPC of .60, an increase in G of $100 billion would increase C [not income] to: a. $150 B b. $250 B c. $600 B 6. Moving from J to H, the MPC is: a. FE/KL b. IP/OK c. IP/QK7. A movement from AE2 to AE3 would be caused by a(an) _______ of the dollar? A. appreciation b. depreciation8. If the FE GDP is OL and we are at AE1 the recessionary spending gap is: a. AB b. BC c. CD9. Consumption is equal to GDP at: a. 200 b. $400 c. $60010. At AE1($1,000 GDP), G increases G&T by $100 billion. With a M of 2, GDP increases to: a. $1,000 b. $1,100 c. $1,200

Hard Quiz

G$200+300

$400$500

The AE Quiz 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. b 9. b 10. b

+300+300Lets look at some AE and Fiscal Policyquestions asked on previous AP Macro Exams(64%) 1. Crowding out is best described as which of the following? a. The decrease in full-employment output caused by an increase in taxes b. The decrease in private investment spending & consumption caused by an increase in government spending c. The decrease in government spending caused by a decrease in taxes d. The increase in the amount of capital outflow caused by the increase in government spending e. The increase in the amount of capital inflow caused by the increase in government spending(51%) 2. An increase in government spending with no change in taxes leads to a a. lower income level b. lower price level c. smaller money supply d. higher interest rate e. higher bond price (39%) 3. If investors feel that business conditions will deteriorate in the future, the demand for loans and real interest rate in the loanable funds market will change in which of the following ways in the short run? Demand for LoansReal Interest Rate a. IncreaseIncrease b. Increase Decrease c. Decrease Increase d. DecreaseDecrease e. DecreaseNot changeIncr in G causes incr in I.R. in LFM, decr Ig & C.Starting from a bal. bud., G would now run a deficit and have to borrow in the LFM, pushing up the I.R.The negative profit expectationscause firmsto decr Ig & not borrow as much, decr the I.R.Fiscal Policy

AE & Fiscal Policy Questions on 2000 AP Exam4. (81%) The value of the spending multiplier (ME) decreases when a. tax rates are reduced d. government spending increases b. exports decline e. the marginal propensity to save increases c. imports decline5. (75%) Which of the following policies would a Keynesian recommend during a period of high unemployment and low inflation? a. decreasing the MS to reduce AD b. decreasing taxes to stimulate AD c. decreasing government spending to stimulate AS d. balancing the budget to stimulate AS6. (47%) Which of the following best explains why equilibrium income will increase by more than $100 in response to a $100 increase in G? a. Incomes will rise, resulting in a tax decrease. b. Incomes will rise, resulting in higher consumption. c. The increased spending raises the aggregate price level. d. The increased spending increases the money supply, lowering interest rates. e. The higher budget deficit reduces investment.7. (56%) Unexpected increases in inventories usually precede a. increases in inflationb. increases in importsc. stagflation d. decreases in productione. decreases in unemploymentIf MPS incr from .10 to .20, the ME would decrease from 10 to 5.The Multiplier ensures more Cwith each round.

8. (63%) The economy on the right is currently experiencing a. inflation b. recession c. expansion d. stagflation e. rapid growth9. (77%) Correct monetary policy to reach FE GDP is to increase a. the MS b. the RR c. discount rate d. taxes e. exports10. (36%) The minimum increase in government spending to reach full employment is a. $2,000 b. $1,000 c. $500 d. $200 e. $100

11. (58%) In the simple Keynesian AE model [not AD/AS] of an economy, changes in Ig or G will lead to a change in which of the following? a. the price level b. the level of output and employment c. interest rates d. the AS curve 12. (83%) In a closed-private in which the APC is .75, which of following is true? a. If income is $100, then saving is $75.d. If income is $200, then C is $75 b. If income is $100, then C is $50e. If income is $500, then saving is $100 c. If income is $200, then saving is $50

Full.Employ.CC+IgAE$500$4000 $800 $1,000 $2,000

EADetermine what the M is goingfrom A to E; then M X ? = $1,000

Fiscal Policy Questions from 2000 Exam

13. (73%) An inflationary gap can be eliminated by all of the following EXCEPT a. an increase in personal income taxesd. a decrease in G b. an increase in the MSe. a decrease in Xn c. an increase in the interest rate14. (56%) A major advantage of automatic stabilizers in fiscal policy is that they a. reduce the public debt b. increase the possibility of a balanced budget c. stabilize the unemployment rate d. go into effect without passage of new legislation e. automatically reduce the inflation rate

Which answer doesnot slow the economy?

15. (70%) In the short run, a contractionary fiscal policy will cause AD, output, and the price level to change in which of the following ways?ADOutputPrice level a. decreasedecreasedecrease b. decreaseincreaseincrease c. increase decreasedecrease d. increaseincreaseincrease 16. (52%) Crowding out due to government borrowing occurs when a. lower interest rates increase private sector investment b. lower interest rates decrease private sector investment c. higher interest rates decrease private sector investment d. a smaller money supply increases private sector investment 17. (42%) Compared to expansionary monetary policies adopted to counteract a recession, expansionary fiscal policies tend to result in a. less public spendingc. a high rate of economic growth b. higher interest ratesd. lower prices

1995 AP Exam18. (71%) An increase in which will increase the value of the ME? a. The supply of moneyd. The marginal propensity to consume b. Equilibrium outpute. The required reserve ratio c. Personal income tax rates19. (61%) An AS curve may be horizontal over some range because within that range a. a higher PL leads to higher interest rates, which reduces the MS & C b. changes in the aggregate PL do not induce substitution c. output cannot be increased unless prices and interest rates increase d. rigid prices prevent employment from fluctuating e. resources are underemployed & an increase in AD will be satisfied without any pressure on the PL20. (45%) What could cause simultaneous increases in inflation & unemployment a. a decrease in government spendingd. An increase in inflationary expectations b. A decrease in the money supplye. An increase in productivity c. A decrease in the velocity of money21. (85%) Which of the following will result in the greatest increase in AD? a. A $100 increase in taxes b. A $100 decrease in taxes c. A $100 increase in government expenditures d. A $100 increase in government expenditures, coupled with a $100 increase in taxes e. A $100 increase in government expenditures, couples with a $100 decrease in taxes22. (65%) Which of the following will result from a decrease in government spending? a. An increase in outputd. A decrease in AS b. An increase in the price levele. A decrease in AD c. An increase in employment

C+IgC+Ig+GAE$325$2000 $1,000 $1,500 GDP

EF23. (61%) The graph indicates equilibrium at E for a closed economy without G. If the addition of G results in equilibrium at F, which of the following is true? a. G is $300 and the multiplier is 5.b. G is $125 and the multiplier is 4.c. G is $100 and consumption increased by $500.d. G and Ig increase by $500.e. Consumption and GDP increase by $500 each.

24. (84%) According to Keynesian theory, decreasing taxes and increasing G will most likely change consumption and unemployment in which of the following ways? ConsumptionUnemployment a. DecreaseNo change b. DecreaseNo change c. IncreaseDecrease d. IncreaseIncrease e. No change Decrease25. (79%) In an economy at full employment, a presidential candidate proposes cutting the government debt in half in 4 years by increase T and reducing G. According to Keynesian theory, implementation of these policies is most likely to increase a. unemploymentd. aggregate supply b. consumer pricese. the rate of economic growth c. aggregate demand

26. (79%) If the economy is in a severe recession, which of the following is the fiscal policy most effective in stimulating production and employment? a. Government spending increases. b. Government spending decreases. c. Personal income taxes are increased. d. The Fed sells bonds on the open market. e. The Fed buys bonds on the open market.

27. (27%) Faced with a large federal budget deficit, the government decides to decrease expenditures and tax revenues by the same amount. This action will affect output and interest rates in which of the following ways? OutputInterest Rates a. IncreaseIncrease b. IncreaseDecrease c. No changeDecrease d. DecreaseIncrease e. DecreaseDecrease

28. (28%) If crowding out only partially offsets the effects of a tax cut, which of the following changes in interest rates and GDP are most likely to occur. Interest Rates GDP a. Increase Increase b. Increase Remain unchanged c. Increase Decrease d. Remain unchanged Increase e. Decrease DecreaseAn equal decrease in G & T [Lets say by $10 billion] woulddecrease GDP by $10 billion. The decrease in GDP woulddecrease PL which would cause a decrease in interest rates.Partially means GDP increases. Starting from a balanced budget, the tax cut would put the G in deficitand the G borrowing would increase demand for moneyin the LFM and push up interest rates.

29. (62%) According to the Keynesian saving schedule, when aggregate income increases by a given amount, savings will a. remain the same b. decrease by the amount of the change in income c. increase by the amount of the change in income d. increase by less than the amount of the change in income e. increase by more than the amount of the change in income