test taking strategies. neural traces created in the brain linkages or connections between neurons...
TRANSCRIPT
How Memory WorksTest taking Strategies
Neural traces created in the brain
Linkages or connections between neurons
Chemical bond caused by strong association
Created by an initial sensory or emotional event
Sustained repetition of the event is what causes it to become stored in memory
What is Memory?
Registration
Retention
Recall
The Three R’s of Memory
◦ when something comes to your attention and has
meaning for you
◦ What you do with the info depends on your purpose
◦ Look up a number to order a pizza vs. try to remember the number of your best friend
Registration
when you make a conscious decision to remember something. You must decide on how to make that happen.
Your goal is to retain the information for a long time.
Retention
in order to recall stored information you must use a memory storage technique that will make it likely for you to retrieve the information.
Recall
Short- term Memory- is where things are stored at the registration stage of remembering
If you don’t do something active with the information such as write it down, draw a picture, or say it out loud, it will be forgotten.
7 plus or minus 1 items
Through rehearsal and review you can transfer the info to long term memory
The more often you review the information that is stored the greater the chances of being able to recall it easily and quickly.
Short Term Memory
New facts
Short-term Memory
Forgetting
Long-termMemory
Remembering
Rehearsal
No Rehearsal
Short Term Memory Transfer
The importance of beginning the review/rehearsal process as soon as possible after something enters your short-term memory is very important.
If you don’t actively do something to create long-term memories you will forget most of what you encounter
Forgetting
25%
50%
75%
100%
PercentRemembered
Ebbinghaus Curve
30 min
1 Hour
12 hours
1 day 10 days 1 Month
The more senses you employe in ther rehearsal and review stages, the more you will remember.
Use these in conjunction with your many intelligences and give yourself a far better chance of embedding materials in your long-term memory.
Multi-sensory Effect
20% read only
30% hear only
40% see only
50% say only
60% do only
90% of what you learn with many sensory learning activitiesRead, hear, see, say do
You Remember…
Recency- you tend to remember things that happened most recently
Primacy- you have better recall for things that happen at the beginning of an event or situation
Recency and Primacy effects
More effects
Similarity effect Association Effect
Grouping Clustering Organization
Link things you want to remember with something that is already in your brain
Memory are strongly tied to visual images, sounds, and smells.
Also things in which you have a strong emotional connection are easily remembered.
The more intense the color, feeling, or smell the more likely you will never forget it.
Memory is a sensory process
My Very Elegant Master Just Served Up Nine Pineapples
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
Use acronymic sentences the brain is trained to store and recall patterns of language
Create Assocications Through Meaning
You are most likely to remember things that are unusual, outrageous or out of place.
When things stand out they are memorable
Weirdness Effect
Words that are specific or definite are easier to learn rather than words that are elusive or intangible
Specificity Effect
The more you repeat what you want to embed in long-term memory, the better you will remember it.
You must drill in the things you want to remember
Repetition Effect
Relax- be free from stress
Be active with material- teach someone it, make up a rhyme, write key ideas in your own words, draw a picture, make mental connections to something you already know, review it backwards- work with the material
Use your Multiple Intelligences
Use smaller chunks of time on different tasks
Improving Your Memory for Studying
Chunk material- organize it into smaller groups so it is easier to store and retrieve
Create strong associations (sensory and emotional)
Practice output- quiz yourself, have some quiz you, take a practice quiz on paper or on the computer (under time pressure); make up your own essay or multiple choice questions. Use Quizlet!
Review Early and regularly
Improving Memory (cont.)
You can increase your memory of a 3 hour lecture by up to 500% by using 3 minute review sessions
Immediately after lecture, within 1 hour, one day, one week, one month, two months, etc.
This will change the normal forgetting curve
The impact of Review
Make flash cards
Make mind maps
Create mnemonic devices
Make rhymes, rhythms, and songs
Practice, practice, practice!
Sleep on it- sleep is a necessary component to good memory. What you review immediately before you go to sleep is what you brain filesmost effeciently
Develop Basic Memory Aids