Current Information

Testfield SolarVillage – October 2009

Imprint:

4th Auflage 10/2009Text: Barbara Kovats, Dieter Duhm, Dieter Linke,

Jürgen Kleinwächter, Roland Luder, Uli Jung Layout: Boris Bonjour

Photos and maps: Simon du Vinage, Roland LuderPublisher: Projectgroup SolarVillage

Monte do Cerro7630 Colos, Portugal

Tel: +351 / 283 635 313solarvillage@tamera.org

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“You never change anything by fighting the existing.

To change something, build a new model and make the existing obsolete.”

Buckminster Fuller

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Contents

Testfield for Tamera SolarVillage 7

The TTT-Platform 11

SolarVillage 11

Technology 11

Training 11

Transfer 12

Planning for the TTT Platform 13

I. Main Building 13

II. Extra Buildings 14

For a future without war – A message from Tamera 15

The Stirling Engine 17

What is a Stirling Engine? 17

How does a Stirling Engine work? 17

The Stirling process: 18

The Stirling research of Jürgen Kleinwächter 19

Construction of a Scheffler Mirror 23

What is a Scheffler Mirror? 23

How effective is this technology? 24

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First model of the TTT-Platform designed in cooperation with Peter Hübner, 2006

Sunpulse Water 150 in Lörrach, 2008

First Hotoil-cooker in Tamera, 2006

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They dreamt ideas and established will. They brought the horses, birds and so many other beings. But I never understood how they brought that star in sha-pe of a white bird. It‘s so big. (But now there is one here.) They came in baloons and zeppelins with many colours.

They built coloured tents and filled them with air. And also the houses of wood and earth.

And heaven liked it. They built lakes and the plants came back.

They talked to the clouds and they said: rain. And the lakes were filled with water and fish.

Some swam, others were looking at each other, but all had a different light.

Afterwards, they seeded flowers, and they blossomed, the ideas in the rivers and they went.

And they still told the sun: Stay! And it stayed.

Poem by Pedro Portela

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Mounting of the ETFE-foil, 2009

The Earth needs new models for settlements in which the fight of humans against each other and against nature can be ended effectively and susta-inably. An essential contribution to this is research into decentralised local energy systems using a solar technology which can also itself be produced locally, thereby enabling an independent self-sufficient economy. Decentralised means, in this context, the construction of regional, relatively independent systems which are interconnected, creating a new form of networked self-sufficiency. The global interchange between such networks of self-sufficiency will lead to a new form of globalisa-tion under humane conditions which foster peace.

The SolarVillage is a planned model settlement in which trend-setting knowledge is researched and applied; knowledge which integrates and advan-ces the basic concept of cooperation in the areas of ecology, technology and architecture. Commu-nity and trust between humans provide the social foundation.

The SolarVillage is furthermore a training center of the emerging Global Campus. Individuals and groups have the possibility to train here in techno-logy and ecology and to live in the new surround-ings and experience the basic ideas of community themselves. They can then communicate the in-sights that they have gained to their home regions so that the concepts can be further developed and regionally adapted. Thus a global community is growing at several locations around the world, working for a future worth living.

In the so-called “Taldorf” of Tamera, the first Testfield is emerging, in which the technology and

also the ecology – permaculture according to the principles of Sepp Holzer - is tested in practice and further developed.

The core of the test field is the solar technology developed by Juergen Kleinwaechter and his team. In an energy greenhouse, solar radiation is focused using Fresnel lenses or mirrors, to heat plant oil which flows in a closed circuit and is stored in a tank. The issue of energy storage is sol-ved completely differently from established solar technologies, which often work with ecologically problematic storage systems.

The energy greenhouse also serves as a parti-cularly efficient, water-saving greenhouse for the production of high quality organic food. In the future it will also be possible to use it as an enve-lope around a house (house in house concept). Multi-functionality is a concept which nature shows us. The goal is to realise local self-sufficiency regarding energy and food, in conjunction with a high standard of living.

The hot oil is used to power a kitchen for about fifty people by passing the oil through double-walled cooking pots so that the heat is used directly for cooking. Additionally steam is created through heat exchange with the hot oil – making possible steam-cooking, sterilisation of medical tools, water desalination and many other applications.

Furthermore the hot oil from the energy green-house also drives a Stirling motor – the “Sunpulse Hotoil” - which thanks to the simple energy storage technique, is able to provide 1.5 kW of electrical energy, or mechanical or cooling energy, during the day or at night. Community tools such as a mill

Testfield for Tamera SolarVillage

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or saw can be efficiently directly driven mechani-cally. The heart of a new energy supply for future settlements is developing here.

Another module of the testfield is the “Sunpulse Water”, a water pump based on the Stirling prin-ciple, which is directly powered by incident solar radiation. See page 20.

Additionally a Scheffler Mirror (see page 23) has been constructed, and serves for cooking and baking. The concentrated solar energy directed by this mirror can also supply the hot oil storage of the whole system with energy. Further elements of the solar kitchen are a simple parabolic mirror cooker SK14, several solar box cookers and a solar dryer. The kitchen teams which will work here in the future will get in touch with and experiment with different solar cooking techniques to learn from their own experience which technologies are best for different situations.

A planned further addition is a biogas facility, permitting cooking with gas and extending the

system range in terms of days without sun by hea-ting the oil.

The test field also integrates an experimental ecology area in which different aspects of Holzer‘s permaculture techniques are demonstrated, tes-ted and developed. This includes a kitchen garden and healing plants and especially emphasises urban ecology for city backyards for the “citizens of the Earth without earth” (Sepp Holzer, www.krameterhof.at)

For the shaded village square, Martin Pietsch has developed a generous membrane construction. Through the interaction of the membrane cons-truction with the ecological design, various large and small social meeting places develop and an approach to semi-permeable architecture is ex-perienced; living spaces and nature are brought closer together.

Paul Gisler (technical coordinator SolarVillage) at work on the Sunray

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“To invent is to lead the correct key idea that you have peeled out of a long chain of errors, through numerous failures and

compromises to its practical success.”

Rudolf Diesel

Jürgen Kleinwächter explains the Sunpulse Water, Summer University 2009

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Scetch of the TTT-Platform

Planned SolarVillage

Testfield SolarVillage

The planned SolarVillage will be closely in-tegrated with the developing permaculture water landscape constructed according to Sepp Holzer‘s principles. Fire and water find power in their mutual completion.

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SolarVillageTamera is planning the development of a model village on a 5-hectare (12 acres) piece of land: the SolarVillage. A model applicable for all peace villages, it must link research into energy techno-logy, architecture, ecology and social knowledge to produce practical and theoretical knowledge on sustainability and the greatest possible self-sufficiency. The first pilot model will consist of a village with fifty people

The planned SolarVillage lake where the village will be located will be linked to technological water experiments (for example, “Hot Lake” or re-search into water currents). Together with all other areas of the emerging Tamera water landscape it will serve the purpose of ecological regeneration.

Jürgen Kleinwächter’s Solar Power Village forms the technological energy core of the SolarVillage. This research station has the special characteristic that the technologies will be used, tested and con-stantly developed by the same group of people in a real life situation. “In this way practical solutions will emerge that are suitable for the future while simultaneously improving the quality of life.” (Jürgen Kleinwächter)

The first specific step is the creation of the TTT-Platform: a Center for Technology, Training and Transfer.

The plan is to bring together forward-thinking people from many disciplines, especially research pioneers whom are not often heard or are even oppressed. Tamera is cooperating in the develop-

The TTT-Platform

ment of social and human knowledge based on its long-term community research.

TechnologyThe main objective of the TTT-Platform is to de-monstrate that the technological knowledge for food and energy self-sufficient structures exists and is dynamically growing.

The TTT-Platform gathers together, intercon-nects and disseminates technological knowledge worldwide.

The TTT-Platform provides the creative playg-round for a “Free Lab” to originate concepts for the future, for example in the areas of vortices, storage of light, the effect of fields on plants, and much more. The goal of all the research is the creation of self-sufficient, decentralized living structures adaptable to all climate zones of the world.

TrainingThe knowledge developed at the TTT-Platform will be shared in the context of the initiative for peace training of the “Global Campus” under the supervi-sion of Sabine Lichtenfels.

Techniques to build sustainable social structures suitable for peace must be learned and practiced. The training consists on the one hand of learning peace-knowledge, in the context of a basic course while living together in community with people from many countries. On the other hand Solarpo-wer Technology and other sustainable technolo-

Scetch of the TTT-Platform

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“We have to build seed kernels of a new development. Seeds which are so ready to sprout that they lead to the creation of a

global field.”

Dieter Duhm

Model of the TTT-Platform

gies will be learned in concrete terms, in order to be able to implement them in whatever place one wishes to work. This is a meaningful way to create work cycles and work places.

Undertaking the sponsorship of a project or a person, for example from Israel /Palestine or Columbia, will enable them to complete a basic course or internship in the SolarVillage.

TransferAfter completing a sound training, the goal is to bring the knowledge to the places where it is most

needed. This will build a foundation of worldwide decentralized, sustainable systems.

A network of training places, called the “Global Campus”, will be formed to pass on the basic know-ledge for the building of selfsufficient systems.

Our co-workers will travel abroad with the goal of supporting the development of a subsistence economy (regional, self-sufficient economic areas) or to participate in developing technology and ecology.

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I. Main BuildingSeminar Room

Designed to hold approximately 100 visi-tors and 10 organizers, circular, diameter 15 meters, clear ceiling approx. 6.5 meters, out-side height approx. 8 meters, roof surface slightly inclined, inside without support, support outside Transparent roofing (in-side & outside ETFE foil), transparent walls all around (Material used: heat protection glass or ETFE) Awning around the outside at the height of an imaginary ceiling above the first floor

Thermal control via: - Fresnel receivers in a rotating roof sur-

face - Photovoltaic shield with a circumfe-

rence of more than 120°, - Height measurements between the

circumferential awning and the rail of

Planning for the TTT Platform

the roof movable from East to South, to West, independent from the roof rotati-on

- Additional blinds at the first floor level and the roof surface to enable full shad-ing

No design to fully darken the room, but projectors for evening presentations

Flexible seating Heat-storing back wall Sliding doors on the lake-view side Access to the atrium and other parts of the

building across the lake road Generous green area, to be used as a lecture

room and creative retreat space

Model of the TTT-Platform

Drawings of the TTT-Platform from Dieter Linke and Martin Pietsch

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Lakeside Terrace in front of the Seminar Room Use: meetings and development of visions

Atrium Use: meetings and development of visions Generous green area, seating and tables

II. Extra BuildingsMain Entrance and Reception

reception and telephone exchangeVisitors’ Center and Office Center

for organization and conference par-ticipants and their external communi-cation needs

Office for Tamera Administration for aprx. four people

Server RoomMeeting and Presentation Room

15 – 20 people, suitable for multime-dia presentations,darkening possible

Room for Silence, Retreat & Encounters loving and living

Tea Kitchen refreshments for seminar partici-pants, meetings room users

Lavatories I for seminar and office wingTemporary Exhibition Space

for locally built objects, or objects brought by participants

Technology Museum for special permanent exhibits

Outdoor Test Area for locally built objects, or objects brought by participants

Construction Office with Workshop Office for secretaries, engineers, workshop planning, drawings

Recreation Room for coworkers, changing room, meal breaks, etc.

Workshop for metal, synthetic material, wood, hydraulic workshop

Room for ElectronicsRoom for ChemistryDust-free RoomRoom for Free EnergyLavatories II for workshop wingTechnology Room, Construction

for conventional construction tech-nology

Technology Room, Solar Systems for the steering and regulation of solar technologies with flexible re-structuring options

Technology Room, Energy Storage for hot oil storage, batteries, flying wheel storage

Tibetan monks with the Sunpulse Hotoil and Jürgen Kleinwächter demonstrating the Solar Organ, 2008

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The world is in a lot of pain. After a five-thousand-year history of war, of persecution and displacement, humanity has lost its source. A collective trauma runs through populations and continents. This trauma is inherent in perpetrators and victims alike, in large catast-rophes as well as in individual hardships. Huma-nity is one whole entity and her energies form a continuum. Emotional hardship of abandoned children and chronic pain over failed love rela-tionships reappear at another point in the form of violence and genocide. The central area of the crisis of our time is that of the relationship between human beings, particularly between the genders. It is there, at the core of sexuality, love, partnership and community where the wound is deepest. It is there where deliverance and healing has to happen.

The development of a global peace model is the goal we have been aiming at for the past thirty years. New social forms of cohabitation are coupled with new developments in ecology and technology. We believe that a future wit-hout war is possible for all human beings and all creations on Earth, if only we utilize the mental and technical possibilities which are available to us today.

At the center of the human work stands the recovery of trust - trust among human beings, trust between humans and animals, and trust in the divine world. We know that our work can

only be successful if it is in resonance with the higher laws of the “Sacred Matrix.” The longer we keep researching, the more clearly we recog-nize the unity of the large family of life to which we all belong. The concepts for social, ecolo-gical, technological and spiritual issues that evolve from this recognition appear unfamiliar to us. They will first have to be tested on small models before finding their way into the world. What is maturing today in small communities (up to 200 people) could lead to a new plane-tary culture through building “morphogenetic fields.” As soon as an interruption at only a few points in the traumatic chain of humanity is suc-cessful, new healing forces are released which will change the global cycles. The international cooperation for a “Future without War” is not as-sociated with any religious or political systems, since the planetary future is based on a power that transcends all limitations. In this sense we work on the development of a “Global Campus” with bases in many countries (Israel, Palestine, India, and Colombia thus far). We are thankful for all offers of support and cooperation. The world needs our help.

In the name of all those who are perse-cuted and spurned,In the name of all children,In the name of the love of all creatures.

For a future without war

A message from TameraDieter Duhm, June 2009

We have to build seed kernels of a new deve-lopment. Seeds which are so ready to sprout that they lead to the creation of a global field. The strategy to heal our world requires models. (...)

To create a model one has to achieve an over-view of our human needs today:

1) Humans need a different material basis for their existence on this planet. We need different approaches for energy, water and food supply as otherwise it is clear that we will destroy the

To give coherence between the Testfield 1 and the planned Testfield 2, we provide extracts from a free speech of Dieter Duhm (10.10.2009, Tamera):

Earth. We need decentral units which are able to sustain themselves using new methods. It is for this reason that we build the SolarVil-lage in Tamera. The first phase is now visible: “Testfield 1”

2) In conjunction with “Testfield 1” we need a “Testfield 2”, where models are developed – I speak rather technically now – models for the resolution of the war between the genders, for resolution of the historical trauma in love and

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sexuality, for Eros without lies, for partnership without masquerade; a place where we want to build models for a new concept of love.

Here things are to be learned which we have never learned. When I would be able to endu-ringly love a human being, a woman, even if she ignores me; when I am able to still love her when she goes with another man, then one day she will love me as I love her. This is the law of spiritual symmetry.

It is so. But who has the endurance and who has the knowledge? Where can one learn such things? We need a school of love where the fundamental laws of love are learned, just as in “Testfield 1”, the fundamental laws of physics have to be learned.

Becoming aware, knowing participants in the mystery of love; this is the entrance into a new epoch. If you want to know what one is dealing with in the area of love and partnership, you have to know what happened with love and partnership and sexuality for five thousand ye-

ars and what the male patriarchal society did to women, especially to attractive women. If you look at the way a horrible human trauma was carved into the area of love; if you see that, then you know that the resolution of our conflicts in partnership is not an issue between two people but an issue of humankind. (...) Through history, a traumatic film has developed, which perma-nently runs unconsciously between men and women. There is no exception.(…)

And sometime, when one has understood all of this, it is enough. Then you tell yourself and also others: Enough, these times are over. We have to do something and we have the possibility today to end this war globally by using the right means in ecology, in technology, in the school of love, in spirituality and in economy. But we need places where all this knowledge is gathe-red together. Such a place is Tamera. Tamera was built as a model where the necessary know-ledge and energies come together to develop a comprehensive model about which we can say, this is how it could function globally.

The Energy Power Greenhouse under construction, 2009

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The Stirling Engine

The Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by the Scottish Reverend Robert Stirling, about 50 years after the invention of the steam engine. Mainly driven by ethical considerations, he developed this alternative for the work in coal pits and stone quarries. The steam engines that were used to pump water in this areas often exploded and many children working in the pits were injured. The first Stirling engine worked as a water pump to drain a stone quarry in Scotland. The Stirling engine saw a first boom at the end of the 19th Century as a de-centralized energy source for the private houses of the rapidly growing middle class. At the beginning of the 20th Century, about 250,000 Stirling engines were in use worldwide, for example driving ven-tilators, water pumps or sewing machines. They can provide mechanical energy to private homes and small manufactures. When Otto and Diesel electro-generators came into use, Stirling engines were nearly completely replaced. Since the mid-1970s, the Stirling engine is regaining acceptance,

mainly in the context of solar power stations and small co-generation units.

What is a Stirling Engine? Stirling engines are nearly ideal thermal engines, meaning that they convert thermal energy very efficiently into mechanical energy. Based on its thermodynamic principle the Stirling engine has an higher conversion efficiency than the steam engine or the Otto or Diesel engines. A Stirling engine can use any possible heat source and heat sink as its “fuel” as the heat is provided externally from various sources. The Stirling engine doesn‘t depend on burning fossil fuel internally like the Otto or Diesel motors, but can work with nearly every heat source, in the ideal case with biomass and/or the radiation of the sun.

How does a Stirling Engine work? The Stirling engine is driven by the temperature fluctuation of its working gas (typically air) which

First Stirling motor, 1816Sunpulse Hotoil, 2004

Sunpulse water beside lake 1, 2008

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The Stirling process: The Stirling engine works in 4 cycles: Cycle 1: isothermal expansion: In the lower part

of the cylinder the air is heated and the resulting pressure moves the power pis-ton upwards.

Cycle 2: the displacer piston with a phase shift of one fourth of a period moves down-ward and thereby displaces the air in the upper part of the cylinder. Here the air cools down in an isocoric way and the pressure diminishes.

Cycle 3: isothermal compression: The power pis-ton moves downwards and compresses the air. The compression heat is extrac-ted through the cooler.

Cycle 4: the displacer piston pushes the air again into the lower part of the cylinder where it is heated isocorically.

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Solar power station SKK, Lörrach 1981

is caused by the heat source and heat sink. The air repeatedly expands (when heated) and shrinks (when cooled). Between the heating of the gas, causing expansion and the cooling of the gas, causing contraction, there needs to be a technical solution to create the fluctuation between hot and cold. Robert Stirling who created this hot air engi-ne found a superb solution. His idea was to create separated temperature zones: a permanently hot and a permanently cold zone within the engine. A displacer piston is used to periodically shift the air back and forth between the hot and cold zones where it can expand and contract. A connected power piston is moved when the air expands in the hot zone and consequently provides positive mechanical energy as the pressure rises.

The Stirling research of Jürgen Kleinwächter In 1971 father Hans and son Jürgen Kleinwächter extended their private research institute KLERA (Kleinwächter research & development for space and nuclear technology) more and more into the growing field of solar energy. Until this time, Hans Kleinwächter had developed many technologies such as novel microwave antennas, shock wave

reflectors for the destruction of kidney stones, rocket guidance systems and the most advanced anthropomorphic robot syntelman (Synchronous telemanipulators). Most of these genius inventions were used in the arms and nuclear industries and therefore father and son made the ethical decision to subsequently bring their scientific knowledge only into the service of the solar future. Beside many other research areas ( e.g.  the first German solar car 1978) they concentrated mainly on the development of thermodynamic and especially Stirling engines and light weight concentrator optics — in which sunlight is concentrated with the help of thin metallised, pneumatically defor-med foil concentrators, or more simply: reflective plastic sheets curved with air pressure. These are the two key components to realize their basic idea: to combine relatively simple modules into a super lightweight and economic solar power station.

In the year 1980 they founded the Bomin Solar lnstitute as joint venture with the German oil com-pany Bomin. The subsequent intensive research on Stirling engines resulted in the innovative system of a magnetically coupled high temperature Stir-

The Energy Power Greenhouse and the Sunpulse Water under construction, 2009

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ling engine, which offers the technical solution for hermetically sealed high efficiency Ses using Helium as the working gas. Already in the early Eighties they created a light weight solar power station SKK (Solar Kuppel Kraftwerk) on their test-field in Lörrach. This consisted of a 10m foil para-boloid coupled with a 10 kW el free-piston Stirling, protected under a 17m high transparent dome.

In the mid-Nineties Jürgen Kleinwächter and his team continued working after Hans Kleinwächter’s death in 1979. They concentrated increasingly on the development of low (around 100 degrees centigrade) and medium temperature (from 100 to maximum 500 degrees centigrade) Stirling En-gines. The target is to develop a simple technology independent from large production facilities, for decentralized energy production for the benefit of large populations.

The high pressures and temperatures of classical Stirling engines require expensive special mate-rials and high precision and are therefore very expensive. In comparison, a simplified technology

for low and medium temperatures should result in efficiencies comparable to high temperature engines, however with greatly simplified and more economical materials and much lower mecha-nical tolerances. The reduction of temperatures, pressures and frequencies make novel efficiency enhancing geometries and materials possible for both the engines and the necessary optical con-centrators. The Croatian Professor Ivo Kolin and the Nürnberg based inventor Eckart Weber inspire the Kleinwächter team with theoretical bases and function models of low temperature Stirling engi-nes.

A completely novel Stirling technology is born, working with relatively low temperatures, high efficiencies and simple heat storage solutions for round-the-clock operation of the Stirling engine. This technology offers an answer to the enormous worldwide requirement for small power engines in the range from approximately 100 Watt to approxi-mately 2 kilowatts. Consequently two models have been developed and are continually optimized, the “Sunpulse Water” and the “Sunpulse Hotoil” .

Draft of the Sunpulse Water 300 Cross-section of the Sunpulse Hotoil 1500

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The Sunpulse Water is a water pump which directly converts the incident energy of the incoming solar radiation into hydraulic energy and therefore of-fers ideal conditions for decentralized applications. The enormous potential of such simple efficient directly driven solar pumps becomes most evident when considering the situation in India: About 50% (!) of the total electrical energy produced is used to drive water pumps in rural areas. Since the population in these areas is poor and cannot afford the normal price of electricity, the central government is strongly subsidizing this electricity. Therefore Sunpulse Water engines offer the Indian economy a huge opportunity. As they can be pro-duced locally with simple tools and materials this solution has the potential to create stable employ-ment and drastic environmental improvements in these areas.

The Sunpulse Hotoil is driven by two fluid circuits; hot oil on the hot side and water on the cold side. It directly drives such mechanical systems as cooling compressors, grain mills, saws and many other

useful mechanical systems; also electrical genera-tors to produce electricity. The hot oil is heated by concentrated solar radiation and is used directly as both the heat transportation and storage medium. Thus the Sunpulse Hotoil acts as a solar power station able to provide around-the-clock energy of several kW.

The direct conversion of heat to mechanical energy without the use of electric generators and motors is a most elegant and economic way to produce decentralized power. When an environmental-neutral biomass/biogas burner is added to the system, the round-the-clock operation can also be maintained during sun-poor seasons. Jürgen Kleinwächter and his team are continuing to op-timize Stirling engines. One of the key elements is to develop optimal fluid dynamic configurations to enable efficient and extremely low cost heat exchangers – a key challenge for Stirling engines. Amongst the newest developments are the Sun-pulse Hotoil 1000 with a power delivery of 1kWel, which since 2008 is operating at the Centre of

Installation of the Sunpulse Hotoil 1500 in the Testfield

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Scheffler Mirror in Tamera, 2008

Excellence of Bill Arrington in Greencastle, India-na). In Lörrach, 2009 an optimized Sunpulse Water with 300 Watt hydraulic power is in operation.

To extend the power output of the Sunpulse Ho-toil engine to the 10kW power range, a modified extremely compact medium temperature Stirling engine – the “Y-engine” is currently under develop-ment.

In Tamera, two Sunpulse Stirling engines currently operate on the solar TestField.

1. The Sunpulse Water 150, a low temperature Stirling engine with integrated solar collector and

hydraulic bellows pump with 150 Watt power (this can lift 1 liter of water per second about 15m high). This engine was built in 2008 in cooperation with the solar team of Tamera.

2. The Sunpulse Hotoil 1500, a medium tempera-ture engine delivering 1.5kW electricity with a hot oil circuit. The hot oil is produced in the Fresnel lens system of the neighbouring energy-power greenhouse and is used as the heat transportation medium whose heat content is stored in a large hot oil/gravel heat storage tank to extend the ope-ration of the engine around the clock.

“Recreation of trust is the human core of the work. Trust amongst humans,

trust between humans and animals, trust in the divine world. ”

Dieter Duhm

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Construction of a Scheffler Mirror

What is a Scheffler Mirror?A Scheffler Mirror is a sun reflector with a fixed focus, meaning that the sunlight is focused on a fixed point whereby the adjustment is designed in such a way that the burning point remains fixed and does not wander. For this adjustment mechanism the inventor of this technology, Wolfgang Scheffler, has developed an intelligent construction which is related to the principles of the workings of a mechanical clock. The mirror adjusts automatically to follow the course of the sun with the help of a technology which is built from parts of bicycles. This technology has also been adopted and is being taught by the Barefoot College in Tilonia, India, one of the Global Campus cooperation partners (www.barefootcollege.org). On a sunny day the fixed focus for a solar oven, for

instance, can be run without needing any manual adjustment.

Through the fixed focus of the Scheffler Mirror the construction of solar kitchens is possible, since the mirror supplies continued condensed light energy. The distance between the burning point (for instance the baking oven of a house) and the centre of the reflector (mirror in front of the house) is defined by the curve chosen for the mirror.

Where are Scheffel Mirrors useful?For the past 20 years the mirrors have been used

in many Southern countries. The construction plans are an Open Source (not patented but feely accessible). The Barefoot College for instances, hold regular courses to capacitate village women to create their own independent and environment-friendly source of energy.

Scheffler Mirror in Tamera, 2008

Cooking with the Scheffler Mirror

Under the guidance of Alec Gagneux, a seminar took place in April - June 2008 for the construction of a Scheffler Mirror in cooperation with the Tamera-Technology-Team, Monte Cerro students and invited experts.

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The basic idea which led to the development of the Scheffler Mirror was the desire to make solar cooking as comfortable as possible. At the same time the apparatus should be such that - after a given period of instruction – it ought to be pos-sible for it to be produced with locally available materials at any rural welding workshop. Since the construction of a Scheffler Reflector does not have to rely on building parts from large industries, it constitutes a step towards independence.

In India, the energy for large kitchens in some of the Ashrams is produced with Scheffler Mirrors. The largest such installation provides meals for up to 18.000 persons.

Instead of a cooking stove it is also possible to direct the burning focus to a backing oven, a stea-mer or heat storage.

How effective is this technology?The output of a reflector with a surface of 10 m2

varies depending on the season of the year (i.e. high or low sun level) from between 2.2 kW during summer and 3.3 kW during winter with a sunbeam input of 700 Watt per m2.

How does Tamera want to use the Scheffler Mir-ror?

With the surface of 10 m2 the mirror itself is an im-pressive sight apart from being a “shining” examp-le – in the true sense of the word – for a technology usually associated with third world development to be part of energy solutions in European coun-tries.

Framework for the slit receiver, 2009

Second reflector in the cooking box Scheffler Mirror in the Testfield

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For financial support:

Portugal:Account holder: Associação para um Mundo Humanitário Bank: Caixa Crédito Agrícola S. Teotónio NIB: 0045 6332 4021 9980 8662 0 IBAN: PT50 0045 6332 4021 9980 8662 0 BIC: CCCMPTPL

Germany:Account holder: Karl-Rainer Ehrenpreis - Forschungsgemeinschaft Tamera Bank: GLS Gemeinschaftsbank Bochum Account-No.: 400 635 2400, Bank Code (BLZ): 430 609 67 IBAN: DE02 4306 0967 4006 3524 00, BIC: GENODEM1GLS

Switzerland: Account holder: Stiftung FGB, Verein Netzwerk - Tamera Bank: Freie Gemeinschaftsbank, Basel Account-No.: 400.631.3, Clearing-No.: 8392, Postcheque Basel: 40-963-0 IBAN: CH20 0839 2000 0040 0631 3, BIC: RAIFCH22XXX Tax deductible receipts are available for donations made to this account in Switzerland .

USA:Through the IHC (International Humanities Center), a non-profit organisation with 501 [c], you can get a donation invoice for the USA. Cheques: please send them directly to: IHC - International Humanities Center, PO Box 923, Malibu, CA 90265, USA. As reason for payment, please write: IHC/IGF Credit cards: please call: +1-310-579.2069; Fax: + 1-206-333.1797, Steve Sugarman: steve@ihcenter.org

Thank you for your supportThe Projectgroup SolarVillage

Architecture in the Testfield 2009

For further information:

www.tamera.orgsolarvillage.tamera.org

Tamera, Monte do Cerro, 7630-932 Colos, PortugalTel. Office Tamera: +351 / 283 635 306

Tel. Office SolarVillage: +351 / 283 635 313 Fax.: +351 / 283 635 316

Your contact person: Barbara Kovatssolarvillage@tamera.org