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Testing Innovative Window Materials Ben Wallace 18 April 2013 18 April 2013

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Page 1: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Testing Innovative Window Materials

Ben Wallace

18 April 201318 April 2013

Page 2: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Testing Innovative Window MaterialsTesting Innovative Window Materials

• What alternatives are available and why areWhat alternatives are available and why are they brought forth

• How are materials selected and tested• How are materials selected and tested 

• Beware of unintended consequences of i l l imaterial selection 

• Examples of some alternative materials that have significant challenges for adoption.

Page 3: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Alternative Material Use in WindowsAlternative Material Use in Windows

• What does the alternative provide?What does the alternative provide?– Typical claims: no decay, no ward, reduced swell, low maintenance, low cost

• Does the alternative lack any existing performance criteria?– Typical missed criteria: strength, durability, compatibility, functionality, flammability, flexibility processing parameters disposalflexibility, processing parameters, disposal, environmental requirements, thermal transfer, cost

Page 4: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Alternatives to Solid Wood in WindowsAlternatives to Solid Wood in Windows

• Aluminum vinyl fiberglass and woodAluminum, vinyl, fiberglass, and wood composites are all currently in the market both as a complete alternative or combinedboth as a complete alternative or combined with wood in a single unit

• Modified wood other plastics other• Modified wood, other plastics, other composites, and alternative bio fiber materials are currently seeking market entry withare currently seeking market entry with limited penetration 

Page 5: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Material SelectionMaterial Selection

• Above all the material must support theAbove all the material must support the function of the window or door

• The window must meet code or certification• The window must meet code or certification requirements to be used in most building

Th i ill b ifi• The exact requirements will vary by specific application

• The material must also meet cost and manufacturing requirements

Page 6: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Window FunctionWindow Function

• Windows separate the interior and exterior do s sepa ate t e te o a d e te oenvironment  while allowing for the potential of light and ventilation, so have unique performance h llchallenges– Provide thermal, air, and water separationM t b ildi i t– Meet building requirements

• Aesthetics, day lighting, durability and code 

– Stand up to extreme cyclic environmental conditionsp y– Expected to perform regardless of the building design and construction

Page 7: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

How to Determine Fitness for UseHow to Determine Fitness for Use 

• Review available data• Test the material against claims and to the applicable standards 

• Test the material for application specific requirements

• Construct units with the material to determine• Construct units with the material to determine manufacturability 

• Test units with the material to determine fitness for use and any material interactions 

• Validate testing at pilot scale production

Page 8: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

The Window StandardThe Window Standard

• The primary window standard is NAFS 2011 —The primary window standard is NAFS 2011 North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights

• It is a harmonized standards from the cooperative efforts of AAMA, WDMA, and CSA

• The standard covers rating the air water and structural performance of the window as well as other attributes of the window 

Page 9: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Subordinate Wood Material Window d dStandards

• Numerous subordinate standards exist forNumerous subordinate standards exist for other attributes or components of a window 

• Specific to wood performance and composites• Specific to wood performance and composites– WDMA I.S.4‐09 Industry Specification for Preservative Treatment for MillworkPreservative Treatment for Millwork 

– WDMA I.S.10‐13 Industry Standard for Testing Cellulosic Composite Materials for Use inCellulosic Composite Materials for Use in Fenestration Products 

Page 10: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Related Test MethodsRelated Test Methods

• ASTM D1037‐06a  Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials

• ASTM D5572‐95(2005)  Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Finger Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products

• ASTM D5751‐99(2005)  Standard Specification for Adhesives Used for Laminate Joints in Nonstructural Lumber Products

• AWPA E‐9‐09 Standard Field Test for the Evaluation of Wood Preservatives to be Used in Non‐Soil Contact

• WDMA T.M. 1‐94(06) Soil Block Test • WDMA T.M. 2‐99(09) Swellometer Test • WDMA TM 13 09 Retention and Penetration Test Samples• WDMA T.M. 13‐09 Retention and Penetration Test Samples

Page 11: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Application Specific TestsApplication Specific Tests

• Manufacturers are responsible to determine ifManufacturers are responsible to determine if a material meets the functional requirements for adoption of a new material

• Manufacturers will have many of their own tests– Material compatibility, durability, dimensional change tolerance, temperature cycling, and 

h i l ti t i t tmechanical properties at various temperatures are a few of the types of tests a manufacture may choose to run on a new material

Page 12: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Material CompatibilityMaterial Compatibility 

• Material compatibility is a primary stumbling ate a co pat b ty s a p a y stu b gpoint for many alternative or innovative new materials seeking acceptance as a window 

lmaterial• Windows are made up of many materials that 

t f ti t th d t i i llmust function together, so determining overall compatibility is difficult 

• Material incompatibility can be a result of• Material incompatibility can be a result of differential material properties, chemical incompatibility, or process incompatibilityp y, p p y

Page 13: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Testing Materials in UseTesting Materials in Use 

• Built and testing units in varied environmentsBuilt and testing units in varied environments allow for materials to be tested  for fitness for useuse

• Laboratory tests are great at screening, comparative testing and testing to meet acomparative testing, and testing to meet a standard, but can miss material interactions and compatibility issuesand compatibility issues

Page 14: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Material IncompatibilityMaterial IncompatibilityStandard Wood Material 2 years

Innovative Wood Material2 years2 years 2 years

Page 15: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Material IncompatibilityMaterial Incompatibility 

Standard Wood 1 yearInnovative Wood Material  1 yearStandard Wood  1 year  1 year

Page 16: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Material IncompatibilityMaterial Incompatibility 

Page 17: Testing Innovative Materials - Forest Products Society ·  · 2015-09-07Related Test Methods • ASTM D1037‐06a Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood‐Base Fiber

Innovative Material AcceptanceInnovative Material Acceptance

• Many innovative materials do not stand up toMany innovative materials do not stand up to the testing or even meet their selling points– Most fall short due to only partially meeting the– Most fall short due to only partially meeting the requirements of the application

– Many also end‐up with unintended consequencesMany also end up with unintended consequences due to material compatibility or interaction

• Adoption of innovative materials frequentlyAdoption of innovative materials frequently requires rethinking window design or manufacturingmanufacturing