texas commission on environmental quality urban development and water quality texas commission on...

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

URBAN DEVELOPMENTURBAN DEVELOPMENTANDAND

WATER QUALITYWATER QUALITY

Texas Commission on Environmental QualityTexas Commission on Environmental Quality

October, 2008October, 2008


Impacts of Urban Development

Hydrologic Impacts

Increased impervious surfaces yield increased storm water runoff

Pollution Impacts

Activities generate pollutants and storm water carries pollutants to the bay


Hydrologic ImpactsHydrologic ImpactsRainfall / Runoff RelationshipRainfall / Runoff Relationship


Hydrologic ImpactsHydrologic ImpactsStorm HydrographStorm Hydrograph


Pollution ImpactsPollution ImpactsConstituent Loadings

Percent of Total Loadings

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

TSSBOD

Phosphorus

Nitrogen

Lead

Copper

Fecal Colifo

rm

Point Sources Storm Water


Storm Water Management Storm Water Management Flood Control ObjectivesFlood Control Objectives

Minimize threat of flooding

Comply with National Flood Insurance requirements

Provide drainage facilities for 100-year event

Maintain existing flood plain delineation


Non-Zero Rainfall Frequency - Corpus Christi Intl. Airport (1948-2005)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Days Non-zero Rainfall Exceeded

Rai

nfa

ll(i

nch

es)

What is the 100-year Event?What is the 100-year Event?

100-year event is about 13 inches

90th percentile event is about 4.2 inches


Storm Water Management Storm Water Management Water Quality ObjectivesWater Quality Objectives


Achieving Water Quality ObjectivesAchieving Water Quality ObjectivesGreen InfrastructureGreen Infrastructure

DefinitionUse natural processes to reduce and treat storm water runoff

Natural ProcessesInfiltration, filtration, and biological treatment

BenefitsReduced storm water runoff, pollutant reductions, enhanced recharge, reduced costs, increased recreation


Low Impact DesignLow Impact Design

DecentralizedDecentralizedControlsControls

RoofsRoofsParking LotsParking LotsOpen DrainageOpen DrainageRain BarrelsRain BarrelsOpen SpaceOpen SpaceTurfTurfEducationalEducationalcomponentscomponents

Multifunctional UseMultifunctional Useof Landscape andof Landscape andInfrastructureInfrastructure

Green InfrastructureGreen InfrastructureManagement PracticesManagement Practices

Minimize clearing, grading

Save permeable soils

Limit lot disturbance

Soil Amendments

Alternative Surfaces

Reforestation

Reduce pipes, curb and gutters

Reduce impervious surfaces

Site Planning and Design



Description - Constructed basins with a permanent pool of water. Among the most effective stormwater practices. Offer aesthetic value.

Natural Processes - Settling and biological uptake.

Applications – Larger scale storm water management facilities

Constructed Wetlands



Description – Drainage conveyance facilities designed to slow storm water runoff and allow it to infiltrate into the subsurface

Natural Process – Slow runoff velocities, infiltration, storage, filtration, biological treatment

Applications – Drainage conveyance network

Vegetated Swales



Bioretention

Description - A conditioned planting soil bed and planting materials

Natural Processes – Filtration, adsorption, biological treatment of runoff stored within a shallow depression

Applications – Parking lots, streets, residential and commercial landscaping



Description - A load-bearing, durable surface with an underlying layered structure. Unobtrusive

Natural Processes - Temporarily stores water prior to infiltration or drainage to a controlled outlet.

Application - Residential, commercial and industrial applications are possible. Light vehicle loading in parking areas. . Spatially constrained areas.

Pervious Paving



Description - Direct roof runoff away from paved areas and direct it to rain barrels, infiltration trenches, and planting areas.

Natural Process – Storage, infiltration, filtration, biological treatment

Applications – Residential and commercial roofs

Roof Runoff Controls


Green InfrastructureGreen InfrastructureMunicipal ProgramsMunicipal Programs

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Goal – Reduce the volume of storm water runoff

Disconnection Program – Redirect building downspouts to rain barrels and pervious areas

Rain Gardens - Install 60 rain gardens

Greenways – Protect wetlands and other drainage features through acquisition and conservation easements

BMP Pilot Projects – 19 projects were monitored over a 3-year period to evaluate environmental, implementability, O & M, and costs factors.

Rain Garden at Miller Brewing Company Headquarters



Lincoln, Nebraska

Holmes Lake Watershed

Goal - Increase awareness about lawn care; Improve storm water quality by reducing the amount of storm water runoff and the use of low phosphorus fertilizer.

Program - Three segments of the program are:

Rain gardens – 90% discount for installation

Rain barrels - Free

No/low phosphorus fertilizer – One bag free



Goal – Watershed management approach to address flooding, water quality and habitat

Project Area – Ecologically important wetland complex

Integrated Approach – Land use planning, environmental analysis, engineering, public involvement

Multiple Funding Sources – Local, state, and federal

Management Plan – Structural and non-structural BMPs

Ingleside, Texas

Lake Whitney - Drainage Improvements


Watershed Management FundingWatershed Management FundingEnvironmental Finance Center at

Boise State University

The Watershed is a Mosaic of public, private and nonprofit land ownership and a myriad land uses.

Using a broader collection of terms can broaden the sources of funding for your watershed management plan.

Identify land owners and land uses within a watershed to create a patchwork of funding opportunities.

“Community Quilt” concept of financing

http://efc.boisestate.edu/efc/

http://efc.boisestate.edu/efc/


State Funding Programs

TCEQ – Nonpoint Source Grants

TWDB – State Revolving Fund, EDAP

GLO – Coastal Impact Assistance Program, Coastal NPS Grants

TSSWCB – Nonpoint Source Grants

TPWD – Recreation Grant Program

Watershed Management FundingWatershed Management Funding

Federal Funding Programs

EPA - Catalog of Federal Funding Sources for Watershed Protection

Housing and Urban Development-Community Development Block Grants

Dept. of Agriculture - EQIP


National Association of Counties Programs

Coastal Counties Restoration Initiative

Five Star Restoration Grants

Water Quality Technical Assistance

Watershed Management FundingWatershed Management Funding

Local Funding Options

Storm Water Utility Fees

Capital Improvements

Impact Fees

Special Assessments

General Appropriations


Applies natural solutions (including biological treatment concepts, soil sciences, and wetland dynamics) to the design, operation and maintenance of drainage infrastructure

Engineering and construction administration for decentralized storm water management and watershed restoration projects

Utilize an integrated design process including hydrology, ecology, water quality, public participation, and recreational criteria

Recognized “experts” in the field with publications, awards and participation in peer review of technical works and the development of public policies and documents

Watershed Management Watershed Management Consultant QualificationsConsultant Qualifications


Contact InformationContact Information

Water Quality Planning Division

Charles Maguire, Assistant Division Director, 512/239-5308, [email protected]

Arthur Talley, TMDL Team, 512/239-4546, [email protected]

Bill Carter, NPS Team, 512/239-6771, [email protected]

Gail Rothe, Coastal Coordinator, 512/239-4617, [email protected]

Jeff Foster, Coastal Bend Bays Estuary Program, 361/825-3424, [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




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