textile institute of pakistan

TEXTILE INSTITUTE OF PAKISTAN

FIBER IDENTIFICATION REPORT

SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD ALI

CLASS:TMM-1A

SUBMITTED TO: SIR IMRAN RAZA

•COTTON:BURN TEST :•Cotton fibers ignite as the flame draws near.•Cotton smells like burning paper.•On burning it turns into grey skeletal ash.•No effect when approach to flame.•Cotton produces an afterglow after removing it from the flame.•It burns readily in the flame.•It continues burning when withdrawn from flame.SOLUBILITY TEST:

Acetone 100% : Insoluble

Hydrochloric acid 20%Insoluble

Sulfuric acid 60%Slightly soluble

Sulfuric acid 70%Soluble

Chlorine bleach 5%Insoluble

Formic acid 90%Insoluble

MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS:

COTTON is derived from a cotton plant. The fibers appear as flat ribbons under the microscope that are slightly twisted. The fabric that cotton produces is soft, absorbs water, and wrinkles easily. Cotton is a fabric that is light and cool.

•WOOL:

BURN TEST:•It shrinks or curls away from the flame.•Burns slowly.•It self extinguish when withdrawn from flame.•On burning it produce brittle, swollen black ash.•Will not stay lit after flame is removed.•Very little smoke is produced but it smells like burnt hair.SOLUBILITY TEST:



Sulfuric acid 60%Insoluble


Chlorine bleach 5%Soluble



WOOL is from a sheep. Under the microscope it looks like scaly corkscrews. The fiber is stretchable long lasting, doesn't wrinkle and springs back into shape. Wool easily absorbs water, and soft. Wool fabric is known for its ability to "breathe" keeping wearers warm in the winter and somewhat cool in warmer weather. Wool picks up static electricity easily when rubbed.

•SILK:

BURN TEST:• It shrinks away when approach to flame.•Burns slowly in the flame.•The thread should not continue to burn after the flame is removed.•The burning silk should smell like burning hair.•The ash should be black and crispy/brittle.SOLUBILITY TEST:


Hydrochloric acid 20%Partially soluble



Chlorine bleach 5%Soluble

Formic acid 90%Partially soluble


SILK is from the cocoons of silkworms. The fiber is double strands, smooth, and shiny. The fabric is lightweight but can keep its wearer warm

•NYLON:

BURN TEST: •Fuses (melts without burning) and shrinks away from flame.•In flame, it melts then burns slowly.•Flame ceases and dies out.•Odor, Celery sometimes perceptible.•Its residue is like round, hard, grayish bead, won’t crush.SOLUBILITY TEST:


Hydrochloric acid 20%Soluble




Formic acid 90%Soluble


NYLON is derived from coal. The fibers under the microscope are smooth and clear rods. Nylon is shiny, tough, stretchable and melts under a hot iron. The fibers are nonabsorbent, quick drying, and doesn't wrinkle. the fabric is cool but clammy.

•LINEN/FLAX:

BURN TEST:•It Scorches and ignites quickly when approach to flame.•It produces yellow flame and burn less quickly than cotton.•Continues to burn when removed from flame.•It smells like burning paper when it burns.•It produces light and feathery grey ash on burning.SOLUBILITY TEST:



Sulfuric acid 60%Slightly soluble





LINEN is derived from the stems of flax plants fibers are jointed, looks like a miniature bamboo. The fiber is shiny, strong, gets softer with use, absorbs water, and wrinkles easily. Linen gets softer with use and considered a cool fabric for warmer climate.

•RAYON:

BURN TEST:•It Scorches and ignites quickly when approach to flame.•It produces yellow flame and burn more quickly than cotton.•Continues to burn rapidly when removed from flame and has no afterglow.•It smells like burning paper when it burns.•It produces light and feathery grey ash on burning.

SOLUBILITY TEST:








RAYON is made from wood. The fibers are smooth and glass-like rods, which is easily stretchable. Rayon doesn't wrinkle, is soft and absorbent.

•POLYPROPYLENE (OLEFIN):

BURN TEST:•Shrinks quickly when approach to flame.•Burn and melts in the flame.•Burn and melts when withdrawn from flame.•Odor, not defined.•Hard, round bead like residue which maybe light brown.SOLUBILITY TEST:








When viewed cross sectionally, polypropylene fiber looks somewhat round but it looks straight and smooth when viewed longitudinally.

•ACRYLIC:BURN TEST:•Shrinks away when approach to flame.•Burns slowly and melts in the flame.•Continues to burn and melt when withdrawn from flame.•Odor, acrid.•Residue, brittle black bead like.

SOLUBILITY TEST:




Sulfuric acid 70%Insoluble depending on type




ACRYLIC is made from petroleum. Under the microscope the fiber is dog-bone shaped with apparent cut ends. The fabric is lightweight, warm, and quick drying.

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