Jaya Shree Textiles, Rishra

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN

By:Saakshi PratishrutiRoll no: B/AP/11/2185NIFT Kannur

Jaya Shree Textiles ,a Unit of Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. is a leading player in Linen and

Wool segment of the Global Textile Business.

Jaya Shree Textiles was established in 1949 at Rishra in Hooghly district of West

Bengal

It has significantly revolutionized the Indian and

foreign textile market by popularizing ‘Linen’ across a

wide customer base with its brand “Linen Club”.

Jaya Shree Textiles sells its products in over 50

countries, spanning all the six continents of the World.

The company offers a wide range of products such as

Linen Yarn, Linen Fabric, Worsted Yarn and Wool Tops. 

INTRODUCTION

SBU's

FLAX SPINNING

LINEN FABRICS

WOOL COMBING

WORSTED SPINNING

SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS

FINANCE/ ACCOUNTS HR IRL WCM ENGINEERING/

IT

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

DEPARTMENT

MARKETING/ SALES OPERATIONS

MAINTENANCE PRODUCTION QUALITY CONTROL

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

FLAX SPINNING SECTION

PRODUCT RANGE:

Natural, Bleached & Multifold Yarns

Linen Yarn for Weaving

• Dry Spun - From 5 Lea to 10 Lea

• Wet Spun*- From 10 Lea to 100 Lea

Linen Yarn for Circular Knitting

Wet Spun*- From 40 Lea to 80 Lea

SOURCING:

• The fibre is sourced from the best grade Western European Fibre from France and Belgium

for the entire requirement.

• The varieties of the flax procured generally are:

1. Suzanne 3. Alizee

2. Lorea 4. Malina

SORTING

 

SORTING

 

HACKLINGHACKLING

DRAWINGDRAWING

ROVINGROVING GILL SPINNING (DRY)

GILL SPINNING (DRY)

WET SPINNING

WET SPINNING

RF DRYERRF DRYER

PACKAGINGPACKAGING

AUTOCONERAUTOCONER

RING FRAME

RING FRAME

BLEACHING

BLEACHING

PACKINGPACKING

WINDINGWINDING

FLAX SPINNING PROCESS FLOWCHART

CARDINGCARDING

DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS SEQUENCE

SORTING: In this process the bales of flax fibres are manually sorted by the workers into

bunch. The weight of the bunch prepared is 90-110 g.

HACKLING:

• The aim of hackling is to clean, untangle and align parallel the bunch of scutched flax, to

separate the fibrous bundles and to start dividing them in order to form a continuous sliver

that is ready for doubling and drafting operations that come next.

• Scutched flax is hackled on hackling frames.

• Handfuls of strands of flax, weighing 90- 110 gram and held in mobile clamps are fed

manually in the hackling frames.

• Moving up and down these clamps convey the fibrous bundles to a double set of combs.

CARDING: Carding continues the cleaning process removing fibers too short for yarns and

separating and straightening the fibers so that they lay parallel to each other. These fibers are

then spread into a thin, uniform web. The web moves into a funnel shaped device (trumpet)

where it is gathered into a rope like mass and formed into the card sliver.

• Efficiency of carding machine used:

700 kg per 8 hours

COMBING: The combing process is normally used to produce smoother, finer, stronger and

more uniform yarns.The machines used for combing are as follows:

1. Bi-coiler machine

• Make: GC- 14

• Production: 18 g/m

2. Comber

• No. of combers used: 6

• Make: GC- 15 no. 1 &

GC 15 no. 2

Each type has 1 machine and the difference between the two are while GC 15 no 1 produces 18

g/m of sliver, the GC 15 no. 2 produces only 12 g/m of sliver.

• DRAWING:

• The purpose of drawing is to make yarn more uniform by combing and elongating multiple

slivers, thus eliminating the randomly occurring defects. In this process further attenuation of

fibres and doubling is done.

• Several strands of sliver (typically eight to ten) from different carding machines are combined

and conveyed to the drawing machine, where they are pulled together and drawn out into a

new sliver no larger than one of the original single slivers. The loose, rope like strand of fibers

resulting from this process is called drawn sliver

• No. of machines: 6

No of fed slivers/head 6 8 8 8 8

Doubling no of sliver 6 8 8 8 or 4 8 or 4

Wt. of delivered sliver min(m/min) 17 11 7.3 4.9 or 2.5

1.6 or 0.8

Speed of the delivery roller(m/min) 16~24 17~25 17~25 19~26 17~24

ROVING:

• Attenuation- drafting the sliver

into roving.

• Twisting the drafted strand.

• Winding the twisted roving on a

bobbin.

• No. of machines: 6

• Spinning speed: 17.9m/min

Number of heads 15

Number of spindles 120

Diameter of front roller (in cm) 38.1

Diameter of back roller (in cm) 38

Diameter of wooden pressing roller (in cm)

180-200

Motor 160M-615 KW

Distance between front and back roller (in cm)

550

Bobbin size (in cm) 280 X 115 X 38

Overall size 15158 X 3600

Weight 16.6 TON

Count of rove NM 1.8-3.8

Draft 8.34-12.51

Twist 29-41T/m

Flyer speed rpm 833

MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS

BLEACHING PLANT:

• In bleaching plant the roving materials are bleached in order to remove the natural colour of

the yarn. Bleaching is done mainly by following chemicals:

a. Hydrogen peroxide j. Securon 540

b. Acetic acid k. Contavon GAL

c. Sulphuric acid l. Stabilizer NKC

d. Alfox 200 m. Beta foam KS

e. Soda ash

f. Sodium sillicate

g. Sodium nitrate

h. sodium chloride

i. Caustic flakes

Yarn linear density 20-60 tex (Nm)

Twist/meter 300-800TmTwist direction Right Z

Setting(mm) 180 (front and back roller nip)Yarn ring diameter 55mm

Wind height 210mmSpindle speed 3700-3800

Drafting system Single zone, single apron drafting system with two pressure rollers

Power of motor 15 KWSpinning machine drive 0,37

Spindle gauge 88mmSpindle quantity 64, 192, 240, 256

WET SPINNING : The spinnerets are submerged in a chemical bath and as the filaments

emerge they precipitate from solution and solidify. Because the solution is extruded directly into

the precipitating liquid, this process for making fibers is called wet spinning.

MACHINE PARAMETERS

R.F DRYER:

After coming out of ring frame the pirns are in wet condition. It cannot be wound further

without drying them. So, R.F Dryer is used in this case. The lot of pirns are passed through

the R.F Dryer at a temperature of 80 degree Celsius.

AUTO CONER

A winding machine used for automatic packaging of yarns into cone

or cheese form

• In Auto coner there are 3 different coloured lights:

• RED- when the machine stops due to entanglement of threads

• GREEN- when the machine is running

• YELLOW- when the package is complete

CONDITIONING ROOM:

• In this stage the bigger package wound in the Auto coner machine are stored in a

conditioning room and from there they are sent for packaging.

PACKAGING:

• Packaging plays a vital role in marketing a particular product. Here the bobbins are packed

and delivered for further processing or sold to the buyer.

• Bigger Package Cone- 1.6 kg

• Small Package Cone- 1 kg/900 gm

• Gross Weight of the Carton- 26 kg

• Total number of bobbins/carton- 26

• Production per day- 600 kg

WOOL COMBING SECTION

BLENDINGBLENDING

SCOURINGSCOURING

CARDINGCARDING

PRE-COMB GILLINGPRE-COMB GILLING

COMBINGCOMBING

POST-COMB GILLINGPOST-COMB GILLING

PRESS PACKINGPRESS PACKING

WOOL COMBING PROCESS FLOWCHART

BLENDING:

• In this process, the workers manually mix the different sub lots of wool and prepare it to be

fed to the next stage

SCOURING:

• It is the process of removal of the natural grease, dust and dirt that are present in wool by

washing. The by-product of this

process is wool grease.

• Machine used: Scouring machine

• Width of the machine: 1.2 m

BOWLS PRESSURE(in

kg/sq.cm)

1 6

2 6

3 6

4 6

5 5.5

BOWLS TEMPERATUR

E (in degree

Celsius)

1 65

2 60

3 60

4 55

5 58

BOWLS VOLUME (in

litres)

1

5000

2 5000

3 5000

4 5000

5 5000

CAPACITY

SQEEZE ROLLER MANGLE PRESSURE

TEMPERATURE IN THE BOWL

CARDING: The process of carding separates the individual fibres, helps in removal of

vegetable matter from the fibre and in the formation of sliver.

• Machine used: Carding machine

• No. of machine: 2

PRE- COMB GILLING: It is the process of parallelisation of fibre by drafting and maintaining

the evenness of sliver through doubling.

• Machine used: Gill box

• No. of machines used: 4

• No. of doubling: 8 max.

• Draft range: 3-8.8

• Fallers: 72(UPPER) + 72 (LOWER)

• Faller width: 270 mm

• No. of working faller: 72

• Top roller dia: 78-80 mm

• Top roller pressure: 200-250 IBS

• Spray nozzle1.75- 2.5 mm

• Ratch: 35-60 mm

• Max. speed: 360 M/P/M

 

Application:

• Attenuation and alignment of fibre by drafting through intersecting pinned fallers

• Obtaining sliver evenness through doubling

COMBING: It is the process of removal of short fibres and neps from gilled input material and to make crimped sliver as an output.

 • Machine used: Combing machine

• No. of machine: 16

• NIPs/min: max upto 210-240

• Feed/length: 5.8-7.2 mm

• Apron size: 640mm *530 mm

580mm* 546 mm

• Top comb: 410 mm

• Feed gill:

5 PPC- 2pc

6PPC- 3pc

7PPC- 4 pc

• Comb setting: 1mm down the shovel plate

• Brush setting: 2mm with doffer and to touch last 3 or 4 vario bar for every rotation

POST-COMB GILLING: It includes further parallelisation and evenness of sliver by

drafting and doubling and the formation of tops/ bumps.

• Machine used: Gill box• No. of machines used: 4• No. of doubling: 8 max.• Draft range: 3-8/8• Fallers: 72(UPPER) + 72 (LOWER)• Faller width: 270 mm• No. of working faller: 72• Top roller dia: 78-80 mm• Top roller pressure: 200-250 IBS• Spray nozzle1.75- 2.5 mm• Ratch: 35-60 mm• Max. speed: 360 M/P/M• Max. speed: 360 M/P/M

PRESS PACKING: It involves the packing of tops and bumps in bale forms for

dispatch.

• Materials used for press packing are:

• Bailing press

• HDPE Bag

• Hoop iron strap

WEAVING SECTION

YARN PROCUREMENT

(incoming inspection of yarn)

YARN PROCUREMENT

(incoming inspection of yarn)

SECTIONAL WARPING

(Warping of yarn according to pattern)

SECTIONAL WARPING

(Warping of yarn according to pattern)

BEAMING

(Preparation of weaver’s beam)

BEAMING

(Preparation of weaver’s beam)

DRAWING-IN

(Drawing of yarn in heald and reed)

DRAWING-IN

(Drawing of yarn in heald and reed)

BEAM GAITING

(mounting of weaver’s beam and gaiting)

BEAM GAITING

(mounting of weaver’s beam and gaiting)

WEAVING

(interlacement of warp and weft yarn)

WEAVING

(interlacement of warp and weft yarn)

GREY CHECKING AND FOLDING

(checking for cloth defects)

GREY CHECKING AND FOLDING

(checking for cloth defects)

WEAVING PROCESS FLOWCHART

Yarn Procurement

• In this process the yarn is received from the spinning section to be prepared for

sectional warping.

Sectional Warping

• Weaving preparatory process involves the process of warping. Sectional warping is done

in the industry. The yarn cones are mounted on a creel which has a capacity of 480

cones.

• Machine specifications:

o Manufacture name: - Prashant Gamatex.

o Model:-E.P 1100

o Size:-2200 mm

o Total No. of m/c: - 07

o Beam or drum dia. - 3 meter

o Warping speed - 150 m/min

o Travers speed – 232.4 mm

o Reed space – 78 inch max (64 inch avg. used)

2. Single End Warping m/c

• Model: SUZUKI NAS-130

• FEATURES:

o Types of creel: Parallel cone creel ( magazine creel)

o Capacity: 480

o Features: warp stop motion, when yarn breakS. Here photo electric sensors are used.

o Creeling time: 25-30 min.

o Type of tensioner: Mechanical type (spring plate).

o Adjustment of the tensioner: Manually.

DRAWING: To drive the ends through eyes of healds and dents to feed with the help of

reed hook.

• There are total 26 drawing- in m/c for drawing- in beam. Two workers are required-

• Drawer

• Reacher

MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS

• Average no. of ends drawn/shift/operative for plain sorts- 6000-6500 ends.

• Specifications of heald wire ,drop pins, heald wire

o For projectile -length 13’’

o For rapier –length 15’’

• Drop pins- Different weighted drop pins are used for different count

Finer count above 80 –low weight

BEAMING

• As soon as all the sections are wound on the drum, the weaver’s beam formation is started

by unwinding the threads from the dresser and winding them all simultaneously on the

weaver’s beam placed on the chuck. This operation is named beaming.

• No of workers required- 2

• Time required- 150 to 180 minutes

• Beam dimension:

For Rapier: Dia. Of beam- 8.2”

Length of the beam- 92”

Weight of the beam- 128kg

For Projectile: Dia. Of beam- 7”

Length of the beam- 92”

Weight of the beam- 128kg

• Shift wise productivity: 2 beam per shift (avg.)

• Requirement of worker: 2

• Transportation of beams: by using trolleys.

• Yarn count: 40 Lea

• Beam flange to flange distance in mm =915 mm

• Creel capacity= 480

• Total length in meter=1200 m

• End/mm=2.2 mm

• No. of section=4 of 480 ends& 1 of 93 ends

• Section width=218.8 mm

WEAVING:

• The weaving department is divided into 2 sheds.

• Shed 1: 30 rapier looms

20 projectile looms

• Shed 2: 48 Rapier looms

• Almost 14,000 meters of fabric is made in 1 day

• The maximum width of the fabric is 153 inches i.e. 390 cm. Other widths of fabric include

200, 220 and 190.

• A variety of weaves are used such as plain, twill, satin and fancy weave. They also have

attachments for dobby. Plain weave is the most commonly used weave. The department

works in all the three shifts. All the looms are Sulzer Ruti Loom

MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS

• Manufacturer- Sulzer Ruti• Model: Rapier- G6200 W 200 N6 SPK

Projectile -P 7200 B 390 N4 SPK, P 7200 W220 N4 SPK• Width of the machines-(rapier)• 220cm (34 machines) • 200 cm (24 machines)• 190 cm (20 machines)• Width of the machines-(projectile)• Double width 153”(6 machines)• Single width 85”(14 machines)• Speed and efficiency:

Rapier Loom: For yarn dyed-300-350 RPM

For grey fabric- 400(+/-) 20RPM

Projectile: 250-350 RPM • Efficiency of the machine is 70-75 %

DYEING SECTION

BLEACHING ON CBR

BLEACHING ON CBR

DRY ON STENTER

DRY ON STENTER

GREY FABRIC

 

GREY FABRIC

 

SINGEING,DEMINERALISATION & DWELLING (4 hrs.)

SINGEING,DEMINERALISATION & DWELLING (4 hrs.)

CHECKING OF SHADE

CHECKING OF SHADE

CAUSTIC PADDING IN CASE OF LINEN/ COTTON FABRIC

CAUSTIC PADDING IN CASE OF LINEN/ COTTON FABRIC

WASH ON WASHING RANGE

WASH ON WASHING RANGE

PADDING ON KUSTER & DWELLING

PADDING ON KUSTER & DWELLING

DRY ON STENTER

DRY ON STENTER

WASH ON CBR

WASH ON CBR

RFD CHECKING

RFD CHECKING

DRY ON DRYER

DRY ON DRYER

CALENDERINGCALENDERING FINSHING ON STENTER

FINSHING ON STENTER

SANFORISINGSANFORISING

LAB. TESTINGLAB. TESTING

PROCESS SEQUENCE FOR PIECE DYED

SINGEINGSINGEING DWELLINGDWELLING CBRCBR

DRY ON STENTERDRY ON STENTER

DYE ON PADDINGDYE ON PADDING

DWELLINGDWELLING

WASHINGWASHING

CHECKING SHADECHECKING SHADETESTINGTESTINGPACKAGING

 

 

 

 

 

 

PACKAGING

 

 

 

 

 

 

GREY FABRIC

GREY FABRIC

PROCESS SEQUENCE FOR YARN DYED

SINGEING MACHINE:

• The purpose of singeing is to remove the loose hairy fibers protruding from the surface of

the cloth or yarn.

• It gives a smooth, even and clean look.

Setting Parameters:

• For singeing and denim: 90 m/min

• For chemical padding: 70 m/min

• Mangle pressure: 2 bar

• Burner Opening: 0.2 mm

• Gas pressure: 10 Mbar

• Air pressure: 40 Mbar

Machine Details:

• Machine length: 16.815 m

• Roller width: 2000 mm

• Fabric width: 1800 mm

• Production speed: 150 m/min

• Water pressure: 2-3 bar

• Water hardness: 4-10 ppm

• Compressed air: 6 bar

• Steam: 6 bar

• Gas pressure: 100 mbar

• Temp: 10-40 degree Celsius

• Wet pick up: 90%

• Light: 250 lux

• Threading length: 60 m

CHAMBER no. CAPACITY (in litres)

1 1200

2 1200

3 200

4 Steamer

5 1800

6 1800

7 1200

8a 600

8b 600

CBR (CONTINUOUS BLEACHING RANGE)

The process: The purpose of bleaching includes the removal of the various natural, added or

acquired impurities from the grey cloth as efficiently as possible, with minimum or no damage

to the fiber and leaving the fabrics in a perfectly white state.

Machine Specifications:

•No. of chambers: 8

• Threading length: 240 m (feed

roller and delivery roller)

• Contact time in steamer: 2-2.5

min (90 m)

• Roller width: 2200 m

• Working with: 2200 m

• Maximum speed: 50 m/min

• Centrifugal pump is driven by

electric motor

Setting Parameters:

• Pressure required:

• Steam pressure: 5-6 bar

• Water pressure: 2-4 bar

• Air pressure: 5-6 bar

STENTER: Stenter is used for openform fabric.

The main function of stenter is to stretch the

fabric widthwise and to recover the uniform width.

Machine Specifications:

• No. of heating chamber: 6

• No. of radiator: 4 in each chamber

• No. of blower: 12

• Max. temperature: 180 degree Celsius

• Std. temperature: 160-180 degree Celsius

• Blower fan speed: 100 r.p.m

• Mangle: 2 (one rubber & one helextra roller)

• Workable width: 180 cm

• Threading length: 100m

• Trough capacity: 150 litres

CALENDARING

The process: calendaring is a finishing process

used on cloth where fabric is folded in half and

passed under rollers at high temperature and

pressure.

Machine Parameters:

• Make – Ramisch Guarneri

• Standard speed – 50m/min

• Maximum speed – 82m/min

• Threading length – 10metres

• Working width – 180 cms

• Maximum temperature – 150 degree

• Standard temperature – 100 degree

• Maximum calendar pressure – 350N/mm

• Standard calendar pressure – 200N/mm

WASHING RANGE

The process: After dyeing, the fabric needs to be washed so that the excess colour is washed

off. The fabric is passed through 6 chambers. Second and third chamber contains soap solution.

Machine Specifications

• Make – ERBATECH Germany

• Number of chambers - 6

• Temperature of 1 to 4th chamber is 85-90 degree Celsius.

• Temperature of 5th chamber is 30-35 degree Celsius.

• Temperature of 6th chamber is 40 degree Celsius

• Capacity of each chamber – 600 litres\

• Number of fibres cleaning filter – 2 (attached with chamber number 2 and 4)

• Maximum speed – 50 m/min

• Threading length – 120 m (from entry in the first chamber to delivery width)

• Roller width – 1900 mm

• Working width – 1700mm

JIGGER MACHINE

• The jig dyeing process involves treating fabric in open width form.

• Jigger consists of a trough, fitted with two rollers known as draw rollers. An immersion roller is

provided in the bottom zone of the trough. Guide rollers are provided for guiding the path of the

fabric.

• The fabric in the open-width form is wound on one of the draw rollers, from where it is unwound

and passed into the dye liquor contained in the trough with the help of the immersion roller.

• After immersion, the fabric is wound on the

other draw roller.Then the fabric is passed

in the reverse direction again into the dye

bath.

Machine Used:

• Make:-Pacific-Harish Industries Ltd.

• Types:- (1) Jumbo Jigger

(2) Pacific Jigger(J;N1;N2;E)

SOFT FLOW MACHINE

• In the soft flow dyeing machine water is used

for keeping the fabric in circulation.

• There is no stopping of liquor or fabric

circulation for usual drain and fill steps.

• Make:-ACME Machinery Industries Company

Ltd.,TAIWAN

• Maxm Temp.:- 980C

• Capacity:-For fabric For Water

(1).150 Kg 700-800 L

(2).250 Kg 700-800 L

• No. of m/c:- 02

 

ZERO ZERO SANFORISING

MACHINE

• Make:-CORINO Spretto Rimar Santex

Group

• Standard speed – 30m/min

• Working width – 170 cm

• Standard temperature of the rubber

blanket – 125 to 130 degree Celsius

• Standard wooden felt temperature – 130

to 140 degree Celsius

• Rubber thickness – 40 to 65 mm

• Air pressure – 4 bar (max 6 bar)

• Threading length – 30 metre

TESTING &QUALTY CONTROL

Jaya Shree Textiles follows stringent quality processes and has the following certifications

to its credit: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, SA 8000, OHSAS 18001 and Oeko-tex 100.

FLAX QUALITY DEPARTMENT:

The machines used for quality control in this department are as follows:

USTER TESTER – 5 [ UT - 5]

Application scope: Measurement of Unevenness % and imperfections in yarn, unevenness

% of roving and sliver, Automatic check of all values, diagrams and spectrograms.

Simulation of yarn boards woven and knitted fabrics.

USTER TENSORAPID – 4 [UTR - 4]

Application: the USTER TENSORAPID – 4 is a tensile testing installation for the quality

control in the textile industry. The determined values for the tensile force and the elongation

percentage

YARN APPEARANCE BOARD WINDER - MOTORIZED

Application : precise preparation of yarn appearance board for accuracy assessment of

imperfection to grade the yarn

WRAP REELApplication : Length measurement for determination of yarn count

ELECTRONIC BALANCEApplication : Weight measurement

SPECTROPHOTOMETERApplication : Colour matching and quality control in the laboratory

SINGLE YARN STRENGTH TESTERApplication : Yarn Strength Measurement

WEAVING QUALITY DEPARTMENT:

COUNT OF YARN

G.S.M

BREAKING STRENGTH

COUNT OF YARN

G.S.M

BREAKING STRENGTH

TEARING STRENGTH

AIR PERMEABILITY TESTING MACHINE

CREASE RECOVERY ANGLE TESTER

BENDING LENGTH TESTER FOR STIFFNESS

BLEND ANALYSIS (BLEND PERCENTAGE)

DYEING QUALITY DEPARTMENT:1. Colour fastness to washing

Equipment: Infra Red Dryer

Test method: AATCC 61 A

2. Colour fastness to perspiration

Equipment: Perspirometer

Test method: AATCC 15

3. Colour fastness to light

Equipment: Water cooled machine and xenon arc lamp

Test method: AATCC 16 E

4. Colour fastness to crocking/rubbing

Equipment: Paramount manual crockmeter

Test method: AATCC 8

5. Measurement of core pH

Equipment: Paramount pH meter with 0.1 graduation and buffer solution of pH 4 and 7

Test method:AATCC 81

6. Residual shrinkage percentage

Equipment: Paramount accu shrinkage scale

IFB washing machine

Tumble drier

Flat bed press

Test method: AATCC 135

7. Tensile strength in lbs

Equipment: Fabric strength tester

Test method:IS-1670-1970

8. tensile strength in kg

Equipment: Universal testing machine

Test method: ASTM D 5034: 1995

9. Tear strength (in lbs)

Equipment: Elmedorf tearing strength tester

Test method: ASTM D1424

10. Pilling Resistance

Equipment: Martindale pilling and abrasion resistance tester

Test method: ASTMD-4970

11. Abrasion resistance

Equipment: Martindale pilling and abrasion resistance tester

Test method: ASTMD 4966

12. Seam strength (in kg)

Equipment: Universal testing machine

Test method: ASTMD434:1995

13. Water repellency test, spray test

Equipment: AATCC spray tester,beaker, disilled water

Test method: AATCC 22-2001

14. Oil repellency

Equipment: Test liquids prepared and numbered according to the table, dropping bottles, white AATCC Textile botting paper

Test method: AATCC 118- 2002

15. Determination of flammability and flame resistance of fabric

Equipment: Vertical flame resistance tester

Test method: IS: 1871-1986 Method A

16. Protective clothing- protection against heat and flame

Equipment: Horizontal flame resistance tester

Test method:BSEN352-1995

17. Method for determining the fire resistance of coated and uncoated textiles

Equipment: 45 degree angle flammability tester

Test method:UIC564-2

18. Method for determining deterioration of visibility due to smoke released on combustion of materials

Equipment: Deterioration of visibility due to smoke release tester

Test method: UIC 564-2

THANK YOU!