textile materials

8/2/2019 Textile Materials

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Presented By

Adnan Mazari

[email protected]

TUL,CzechRepublic
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Classification of Fibres

Natural FibersVegetable Fibres

Animal Fibres

Mineral fibers

Man Made fibers

Regenerated fibres

Synthetic fibres

Inorganic fibres


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NATURAL FIBRE

Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from ananimal, vegetable or mineral source that can beconvertible after spinning into yarns and then intofabric.

Under them there are various categories:(1) plant

(2) animal

(3) minerals


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Plant Fibers

they can be further on classified as:

(a) fibre occurring on the seed (raw cotton , javacotton)

(b) phloem fiber (flax, ramie , hemp, jute)(c) tendon fibre from stem or leaves (manila

hemp, sisal hemp etc)(d) fibre occurring around the trunk (hemp palm)(e) fibre of fruit/ nut shells (coconut fibre Coir)cotton and linen are the most important among

them.


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Cotton

Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of thecotton plant .cotton fibre grows in the seed pod or boll of

the cotton plant . each fibre is a single elongated cell thatis flat twisted and ribbon like with a wide inner hollow(lumen).

Composition

90% cellulose,6% moisture and the remainder fats and

impurities.the outer surface is covered with a protective wax likecoating which gives fibre an adhesive quality. It has 8%moisture regain

The cellulose is arranged in a way that gives cotton unique

properties of strength, durability, and absorbency.it is fresh , crisp , comfortable , absorbent , flexible, hasno pilling problems and has good resistance to alkalis.it has poor wrinkle resistance, shrinkage, poor acidresistance , less abrasion resistance , susceptible todamage by moths and mildew, needs lots of maintenance


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ANIMAL FIBRES

Animal fibers arenatural fibers that consist largely of proteins such as silk,hair/fur, wool and feathers.

The most commonly used type of animal fiber is hair.

They can be classified further as

Hair Fibres (Staple) Secretion Fibres(Filament)

Wool Silk

Speciality hair fibres Spider Silk

(Insect fibre)
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Natural_fiberhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Silkhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Hairhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Furhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Furhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Furhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Furhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Hairhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Silkhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Natural_fiber


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WOOL

Wool is the fiber derived from thefur of animals principally sheep.propertiesit has the highest moisture regain i.e., 14%.easy to spin

due to crimp present in it, it has heat in stored withinthe length of the fibre is around 3-15 inches.there are two types of wool namely clipped or fleece wooltaken from live sheep and pulled wool removed fromsheep already dead.

merino wool is the best grade of wool.In addition to clothing, wool has been used for carpeting,felt, wool insulation and upholstery
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Furhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Fur


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MINERAL FIBRE

Asbestos is the only natural mineral fibre obtainedfrom varieties of rocks.

properties

It is fibrous form of silicate of magnesium and

calcium containing iron and aluminium and otherminerals.

It is acid proof, flame proof and rust proof.

Its particles are carcinogenic and hence its use isrestricted.


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MAN MADE

Cellulosic Cotton linters and wood pulpViscose rayon, Cupra-ammonium, Cellulose

Acetate (secondary and triacetate), Polynosic,High Wet Modulus (HWM)

Protein Casein fibre from milk

Groundnut Fibre,

Zein fibreAzlon fibre from corn and

soya bean


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Man made Synthetic Fibres

Polyamides-Nylon 66, Nylon 610, Nylon 6 etcPolyester-Terylene, Terene, Dacron etc.Polyvinyl derivatives

Polyvinylchloride Polyvinylchloride acetate

Polyvinylchloride Acrylonitrile Polyacrilonitrile Polyvinyl alcohol Polystyrene and Copolymers Polyvinylide Chloride and Copolymers

Polyolefins Polyethylene Polypropylene


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POLYESTER

Polyester is a category ofpolymers which contain the esterfunctional group in their main chain.

The term "polyester" is most commonly used torefer to polyethylene terephthalate (PET).it has a high melting temperature

it can be dyed with only disperse dyesthey are thermoplastic, have good strength and

are hydrophobicthe fibre has a rod like shape with a smoothsurface.it is lustrous and its hand is crisp.

it has excellent resiliency and is the best washand wear fabric.
http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Polymerhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Esterhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Functional_grouphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalatehttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalatehttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Functional_grouphttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Esterhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch28119//wiki/Polymer


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Inorganic Fibres

Glass Silica sand, lime stone and otherminerals

Ceramic Alumina, Silica

andGraphite fibres - Carbon

Metallic fibres- Aluminium, silver, gold andstainless steel


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Thankyou

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