Agronomic performances, disease reaction and yield stability analysis of upland rice genotypes

in North west Ethiopia

Taddesse Lakew1, SewagegnTariku1, Teferi Alem2 and Mulugeta Bitew3

1Adet Agricultural Research Centre, 2Gondar Agricultural Research Centre and 3Pawe Agricultural Research

Centre E.mail: taddesse.lakew@yahoo.com

Introduction Rice cultivation in Ethiopia is of a recent history as compared

to its utilization as a food crop

Production and productivity is rising but quite low compared

to other rice world

- 1.8 t/ha (CSA, 2005)

- 2.9 t/ha (CSA,2013)

Low productivity,mainly in upland,is attributed to:

- lack of stable and high yielding varieties

- terminal drought

- low soil fertility

- weeds and diseases (MoA, 2010)

Introduction… Currently, upland rice is grown across a wide range of

environments in Ethiopia where it is subjected to G x E interaction effects

The national rice program has been conducting MET primarily to identify high yielding varieties of broad adaptation

However, in the presence of GE interaction, genotypic means per se as criteria for selecting superior genotypes is not reliable and valid (Kang, 1990).

Introduction… Hence, it is very essential to study the nature and

magnitude of G x E interaction and stability of upland rice genotypes in Ethiopia

Objective:

The present study was, therefore, undertaken to select

high yielding, stable, early maturing and disease

resistant upland rice genotypes following appropriate

statistical analysis.

Materials and Methods

• Design: RCBD of three reps

• Seeding rate: 60 kg ha-1.

• Plot size: 5 m × 1.2 m with six rows for each entry.

• Fertilizer : 46 kg N ha-1 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1.

• Weeding: three to four times depending on infestation level

Plant materialsGenotypes Code Source

WAB450-24-2-2-P33-HB G1 AfricariceWAB880-SG6 G2 AfricariceWAB880-SG14 G3 AfricariceWAB880-SG37 G4 AfricariceWAB880-SG38 G5 AfricariceWAB880-SG39 G6 AfricariceWAB880-SG02 G7 AfricariceWAB880-SG47 G8 AfricariceWAB880-SG35 G9 AfricariceWAB880-SG70 G10 AfricariceWAB880-1-32-1-1-P2-HB G11 AfricariceWAB880-1-38-13-1-1P1-HB G12 AfricariceWAB960-B-11A1-1 G13 AfricariceWAB910-B-14AB-1 G14 AfricariceWAB515-B-16A1-2 G15 AfricariceAD01(standard check) G16 Ethiopia

M & M-Sites

Woreta (11° 58′ N;37° 41′ E )

Metema(12o 54’ N; 36o 15’ E)

Pawe (11° 9′ N ; 36°3′E )

- Woreta2008-E1

- Metema2008-E2

- Pawe2008-E3

- Woreta2010-E4

- Metema2010-E5

- Pawe2010-E6

Fig.1. A map showing geographical areas of three test locations used to evaluated upland rice genotypes

Data collection and analysis Data collected on

- days to heading,

- days to maturity,

- panicle length(cm),

- plant height(cm),

- fertile tillers per plant,

- filled grains per panicle,

- grain yield(g/plot)

- and 1000 seed weight(g)

- Disease score (0-9) scale following SES(IRRI, 1996)

Statistical analysis

-Grain yield and other agronomic parameters were subjected to analysis of variance using the SAS 2002 version.9.0

-Yield data were subjected to AMMI and GGE biplot analysis using genestat

Results Table.1. AMMI analysis of variance

Source Df Sum of Squares

Mean Squares

Variation Explained (%)

Total 287 305181921 1063352 -

Blocks 12 39395722 3282977*** -

Treatments 95 198589499 2090416*** -

Genotypes 15 23955182 1597012*** 12.06

Environments 5 104228646 20845729*** 52.48

Interactions 75 70405671 938742*** 35.45

IPCA 1 19 40426920 2127733*** 57.42

IPCA 2 17 15844038 932002*** 22.50

IPCA 3 15 8408183 560546NS 11.94

IPCA 4 13 4486977 345152NS 6.37

Residuals 11 1239553 112687NS 1.76

Error 180 67196699 373315

Results… Table.2. Mean grain yield (t ha-1) of 16 upland rice genotypes Genotypes E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 MeanG1 2.71 2.41 3.34 2.19 2.11 4.20 2.83G2 3.16 2.14 4.46 2.03 1.68 3.96 2.91G3 4.27 2.48 3.95 2.30 2.46 2.81 3.05G4 4.15 2.47 3.24 2.34 2.25 3.08 2.92G5 2.54 1.99 3.52 1.89 1.58 3.78 2.55G6 3.36 2.58 3.64 2.41 2.32 3.94 3.04G7 4.28 2.99 3.34 3.42 2.34 3.64 3.34G8 3.69 2.10 4.04 2.39 1.40 3.25 2.81G9 3.57 2.34 3.63 2.18 2.30 2.94 2.83G10 4.21 2.32 3.34 1.51 2.33 3.67 2.89G11 1.49 2.24 3.78 2.31 2.23 3.52 2.59G12 1.03 2.08 2.49 1.44 2.44 3.81 2.21G13 3.87 2.52 2.99 1.42 2.91 3.70 2.90G14 4.81 2.48 2.76 1.67 2.46 3.46 2.94G15 3.55 3.11 4.09 2.88 3.03 4.33 3.50G16(check) 3.07 2.36 3.13 2.32 2.29 2.96 2.69Mean 3.36 2.42 3.48 2.17 2.26 3.56 2.87CV (%) 17.5 15.1 20.5 18.3 22.65 25.6 25.7LSD (5%) 0.98 0.61 1.19 0.66 0.83 NS 0.48

Results…Table.3. Average diseases score (0-9) for 16 upland rice genotypes

Genotype Leaf blast Panicle blast Brown spotBacterial leaf

blightG1 3.0 1.0 2.7 2.0G2 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.0G3 1.6 1.0 2.0 1.6G4 1.6 1.0 3.0 2.0G5 1.6 1.0 2.7 2.0G6 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.0G7 0.4 1.0 2.0 1.3G8 1.3 0.6 2.3 2.3G9 3.0 2.3 2.7 2.0G10 2.3 1.0 3.0 2.0G11 2.6 2.3 3.0 2.0G12 2.3 1.6 3.0 2.0G13 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.0G14 0.6 1.0 2.3 1.3G15 0.5 0.2 1.3 1.2G16(check) 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.0Mean 1.6 1.2 2.5 1.9

Results…

G11

G15

G5

G8

G14

G13

G16

G12

G4

G7

G3

G1

Plot of Gen & Env IPCA 2 scores versus means

G9

G2

G10

G6

E2

E3

E4

E5

E1

E6

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

-3037503500325030002750250022502000

IPC

A s

core

s

Genotype & Environment means

Stability and biplots

Fig.2. AMMI-1 biplot of main effects and interactions for grain yield (t ha -1).

Results…

G1

G10

G9G11

G12 G13

G14

G15G16

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6G7

G8

Scatter plot (Total - 59.76%)

E2

E3

E4

E5

E6E1

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

-3

43210-1-2

PC

2 - 2

5.8

3%

PC1 - 33.93%

Fig.3. GGE biplot of 16 upland rice genotypes for grain yield based on which win where pattern

Result…

G12

G9

G8

G7G6

G5

G1 G4

G3

Ranking biplot (Total - 59.76%)

G2

G15

G14

G13

G16

G10

G11

E3

E1

E4

E5

E2E6

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

PC1 - 33.93%

Genotype scoresEnvironment scoresAEC

Fig.4.GGE biplot for ranking of 16 upland rice genotypes based mean performance and stability

Farmers and Variety release committee

Conclusion G7 (3.34 t ha-1) and G15 (3.50 t ha-1) significantly out

yielded the check. Moreover they showed nearly immune reaction to major rice diseases

In AMMI biplot, G15, G7, G6 and G4 attained high mean yield coupled with smaller IPCA scores and hence less interaction with environments

GGE biplot also indicated G15, G7, G3, G4, G6 and G3 as relatively stable and high yielding genotypes

Farmers preferred G15 due its earliness, panicle length, and white caryopsis color. Variety release committee recommended for release in 2011 for broad production

Acknowledgements

Africa Rice

EIAR

ARARI

Thank you very much!