1

1

Phm Ngc Dng

PhD, MBA, BE, BA

THANH TON QUC T

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 1

MC TIU

Cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc:

V th trng ngoi hi

Cc c/c phng nga ri ro t gi trong h/ng XNK

Cc phng tin thanh ton QT

Cc phng thc TTQT thng dng

Cc yu cu cn thit thit lp mt BCT TTQT

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 2

1

2

Sau khi hc xong sinh vin c th:

Nhn din nhng bin ng (PEST) trn Th trng th gii

m c kh nng nh hng n doanh thu, li nhun ca DN

Chuyn i cc tin t trn th trng hi oi quc t

Phng nga cc ri ro cho DN trong hot ng thanh ton QT

S dng cc phng tin, v la chn cc phng thc thanh

ton QT an ton nht i vi hot ng XNK ca DN

Thit lp, kim tra BCT xut, nhp khu ph hp vi quy nh

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 3

TS. Phm Ngc Dng

NI DUNG

Chng 1: T gi hi oi v cc nghip v giao

dch trn th trng ngoi hi

Chng 2: Cn cn thanh ton

Chng 3: Cc phng tin thanh ton quc t

Chng 4: Cc phng thc thanh ton quc t

Chng 5: B chng t trong thanh ton quc t

4

1

3

TS. Phm Ngc Dng

TI LIU HC TP

5

1. PGS.TS Trn Hong Ngn, TS.

Nguyn Minh Kiu (2013),

Thanh ton quc t, NXB Lao

ng X hi

Ti liu tham kho:

- UCP 600, URC 522, URR 525,

eUCP, ISBP 745,

T CHC HC TP

Phn b thi lng (3TC):

Chia nhm (5-7 SV/nhm) TS. Phm Ngc Dng

6

Ni dung S tit

T gi hi oi v cc nghip v giao dch trn th

trng ngoi hi

15

Cn cn thanh ton 5

Cc phng tin thanh ton quc t 10

Cc phng thc thanh ton quc t 10

K thut thit lp v kim tra b chng t TTQT 5

Tng cng 45

1

4

i hc ng gi (sau 15 pht khng c vo lp)

i hc y (im danh theo xc sut)

Tham gia tho lun nhm t, t cu hi phn bin (c im thng)

Mi nhm c gi ln bng t nht 2 ln (im chuyn cn ti a 9 im vng ln 1 tr 2)

Khng ni chuyn trong lp

Khng c ng ???? trong khi sinh vin khc nghe ging

Khng s dng DTD (nghe, gi, nt, lt Web, khng trn bn)

Chp hnh b tr ch ngi ca GV

Yu cu i vi sinh vin

7

.

CHNG 1

TNG QUAN V NGOI THNG

V THANH TON QUC T

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 8

1

5

MC TIU

Sau khi kt thc bi 1, sinh vin c kh nng:

Tho lun khi nim v c s hnh thnh TTQT;

Nm bt vai tr ca TTQT i vi nn kinh t, doanh nghip

XNK, v NHTM;

Xc nh ngn hng i l v cc bn tham gia TTQT; v

T gi hi oi, v cc phng php tnh t gi Hi oi.

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 9

NI DUNG

S PHT TRIN CA NGOI THNG V CC CNG C

PHC V CHO S PHT TRIN CA NGOI THNG

TH TRNG NGOI HI

T GI HI OI

THANH TON QUC T

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 10

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6

226 Countries and Boundaries (Territories), 7,2 bill => 8,1 bill (2025) => 9,6 bill (2050)

S pht trin ca ng/thng v th trng ngoi hi

TS Phm Ngc Dng 12

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7

HUOC

TS Phm Ngc Dng 13

TK TH 2 TCN 7000 KM

bt u t thnh ph Phc Chu thuc tnh Phc Kin

(Trung Quc) ri xuyn qua Mng C, Nht Bn, Hn

Quc, n , Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Iraq, Th Nh

K, Hy Lp, xung quanh vng a Trung Hi v ti tn

chu u.

Ph

ng ti

n vn

chu

yn

ch

yu

l lc

Ton cu ha ln th nht: Christopher Columbus tm ra nc M 1492 (cho n cui TK18)=> (Di dn t chu u)

TS Phm Ngc Dng 14

3 thng 90 ngy

Hc thuyt trng thng

(TK 15 17)

Cc hc gi ngi Anh: William Stafford (1554

1612); Thomas Gresham 1519

1579, William Petty (1623

1687); John Locke (1632

1704);

PHNG TIN VN CHUYN CH YU L:

+ NG VT + THUYN BUN

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8

Ton cu ha ln th II:

(1760 1914)

nh du bng cuc Cch mng Cng nghip ln th nht t Anh

Quc.

Cuc ua gia nhng ngi i b

hay nga chuyn thnh cuc ua

ca my mc vi tc v cng

sut ln gp hng ngn, hng vn

ln v do vy nguy c tt hu tr

nn cp thit v hin thc hn bao

gi ht

15

PHNG TIN VN CHUYN CH YU

L:

+ NG VT

+ THUYN BUN

+ TU THY, TU HA

Mt tri khng bao gi ln trn nc Anh

Gia hai ln sng ton cu ha (1914 - 1980)

TS Phm Ngc Dng 16

Th gii 2 cc (chin tranh lnh) Nm 1950, gi tr thng mi ca TG ch khong 5% GDP ton cu

( = gi tr TM nm 1870)

Hnh thnh cc lin kt kinh t

GATT (1947 gm 23 nc tham gia) => WTO)

SEV (hi ng tng tr kinh t XHCN 1949)

EC, EU

ASEAN (1967_ In--n-xi-a, Ma-lai-xi-a, Phi-lip-pin, Xin-ga-po v Thi Lan )

Nafta

UN, IMF, WB

(167,8 km)

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9

Ln sng ton cu ha ln th III (1980 - ?)

TS Phm Ngc Dng 17

Vi s xut hin ca: My bay phn lc, cng-ten-n tu bin,

vn ti hng khng, my vi tnh, cp quang, v tinh vin thng, Internet,

gip gn kt cc nc, v con ngi gn nhau hn.

=>>> tc lu chuyn hng ha, ng tin TT ngy cng nhanh hn

TS Phm Ngc Dng 18

?

DOANH NGHIP TM KIM L/NHUN TRN PHM VI TON CU

PHNG TIN THANH TON A DNG

PHNG THC THANH TON LINH HOT

Ri ro c chia s trn phm vi ton cu

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10

Theo iu 4, Php lnh ngoi hi ngy 13 thng 12

nm 2005 ca UBTV Quc hi, c hiu lc t ngy

1/6/2006, Ngoi hi bao gm:

(a)ng tin quc gia khc hoc ng tin chung Chu

u v ng tin chung khc c s dng trong

thanh ton quc t v khu vc (sau y gi l ng/t);

(b) Phng tin thanh ton bng ngoi t, gm sc, th

thanh ton, hi phiu i n, hi phiu nhn n v

cc phng tin thanh ton khc;

TS Phm Ngc Dng 19

NGOI HI, TH TRNG NGOI HI

c) Cc loi giy t c gi bng ngoi t nh: Cc loi

giy t c gi bng ngoi t nh: tri phiu Chnh

ph, tri phiu cng ty, k phiu, c phiu v cc loi

giy t c gi khc;

d)Vng thuc d tr ngoi hi nh nc, trn ti

khon nc ngoi ca ngi c tr; vng di dng

khi, thi, ht, ming trong trng hp mang vo v

mang ra khi lnh th Vit Nam;

)ng tin ca nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit

Nam trong trng hp chuyn vo v chuyn ra khi

lnh th Vit Nam hoc c s dng trong thanh

ton QT. TS Phm Ngc Dng 20

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11

C th:

(1) Ngoi t (Foreign Currency):

Tc l tin ca nc khc lu thng trong mt nc.

Ngoi t gm hai loi: Ng/t tin mt v ng/t tn dng.

(2) Cc phng tin thanh ton quc t ghi bng ng/t: - Hi phiu (Bill of Exchange)

- K phiu (Promissory Note)

- Sc (Cheque)

- Th chuyn tin (Mail Tranfer).

- in chuyn tin. (Telegraphic Tranfer)

- Th tn dng (Credit card).

- Th tn dng ngn hng (Bank Letter of credit)

3) Cc phng tin tn dng (cc chng khon c gi) ghi

bng ngoi t nh:

C phiu (Stock)

Tri phiu kho bc (Treasury Bill)

Tri phiu cng ty (Debenture)

Cng tri chnh ph (Government Loan).

4) Vng, bc, kim cng, ngc trai, qu v cc kim loi qu

v him khc c dng lm tin t.

(5) Tin Vit Nam di cc hnh thc sau y:

Tin VN nc ngoi di mi h/thc khi quay li VN

Tin tn dng VN ghi tn TK ca ngi phi c tr (Non -

Resident) ti cc NH TMVN c quyn tham gia vo TTQT.

Tin Vit Nam c ngun gc ngoi t khc.

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12

Th trng ngoi hi

L th trng thc hin cc giao

dch mua bn, trao i cc loi

ngoi t v cc hot ng kinh

doanh c lin quan n ngoi t

(Theo Lut NHNN (1997) v Lut

NHNN c b sung sa i 2001)

TS Phm Ngc Dng 23

Cc loi tin c giao dch ph bin nht

USD: Khong 90 % cc giao dch trn ton th gii lin

quan n ng la M.

Euro: ng euro l tin t chnh thc ca 16/24 nc thuc

lin minh chu u, chim khong 37 % cc giao dch hng

ngy trn th trng ngoi hi.

Yen Nht : Khong 20 % ca cc giao dch hng ngy trn

th trng ngoi hi lin quan n vic ng yn Nht Bn.

Great British Pound (Bng Anh): Chin khong 17 % cc

giao dch ngoi hi hng ngy.

..

TS Phm Ngc Dng 24

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13

PHN LOI

Th trng ngoi hi, chia lm 2 cp:

Th trng lin ngn hng, th trng bn bun

Th trng khch hng, th trng bn l

TS Phm Ngc Dng 25

TS Phm Ngc Dng 26

Th trng lin ngn hng:

La mot mang li cac quan he ngan hang ai ly.

La s lien ket toan cau gia cac ngan hang, cac nha

buon phi ngan hang va cac nha moi gii khng tap

trung at a iem tai mot quoc gia duy nhat, ma rai

ra khap cac trung tam tai chnh the gii.

Phan ln giao dch tren th trng lien ngan hang la

mua va ban tien gi ngan hang ghi bang cac ong

tien khac nhau.

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14

Cac ben tham gia th trng lien ngan hang chu yeu:

o NHTM ln

o Nha moi gii ngoai hoi

o Cac khach hang TM: cong ty a quoc gia.

o NHTW

TS Phm Ngc Dng 27

TS Phm Ngc Dng 28

Th trng ban le

La ni giao dch gia cac NH nho (hoac VP a

phng cua cac NH ln ) vi KH, cac doanh nghiep.

Thanh vien tham gia:

o NHTM

o DN hoat ong XNK

o Ca nhan.

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15

Cc trung tm giao dch ngoi hi

Tm c th gii: London, Newyork, Tokyo

Tm c khu vc: Frankfurt, Zunick, Hongkong,

Singapore

Tm c quc gia: Sydney, Bangkok, Shanghai,

Manila

TS Phm Ngc Dng 29

c im ca th trng ngoi hi

L th trng mua bn cc loi HH c bit ng

tin ca cc nc

Giao dch mang tnh cht quc t

Hot ng lin tc 24/24h do:

Chnh lch mi gi

Nh s pht trin Telex, fax.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 30

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16

TS Phm Ngc Dng 31

Cc thnh phn tham gia giao dch

Phn theo mc ch

Cc nh thng mi u t

Cc ngn hng thng mi v u t

Cc c nhn hay h gia nh

Ngn hng Trung ng

32

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17

Phn theo chc nng hot ng

Cc nh kinh doanh _dealers, ngi chp nhn ri ro

Cc nh mi gii _Brockers, ngi khng chu ri ro

Cc nh u c (Speculators)

Cc nh kinh doanh chnh lch gi (arbitrageurs)

TS Phm Ngc Dng 33

Cu trc th trng ngoi hi

Cn c vo hnh thc t chc:

Th trng c t chc (organizing market)

Th trng khng c t chc (unorganizing market)

Cn c vo nghip v kinh doanh:

Th trng giao ngay (Spot Market)

Th trng k hn (Forward Market)

Th trng hon i (Swaps Market)

Th trng giao giao sau (future Market)

Th trng quyn chn (Options Market) TS Phm Ngc Dng 34

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18

V tr v vai tr ca th trng ngoi hi

p ng nhu cu mua bn, trao i ngoi t, nhm bi trn

cc hot ng XNK, v cc hot ng dch v c lin quan

n ngoi t;

Phng tin gip cc nh u t chuyn i ngoi t phc

v kht vng kim tin v lm giu thng qua cc hnh thc

u t vo ti sn hu hnh hay v hnh hay ti sn ti

chnh;

Cng c cho NH trung ng c th thc hin chnh sch

tin t nhm iu khin nn kinh t theo mc tiu ca chnh

ph

TS Phm Ngc Dng 35

S lc v th trng ngoi hi Vit Nam

TS Phm Ngc Dng 36

- Trc Hi nhp (.nm 1986)

- Sau hi nhp.

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19

TS Phm Ngc Dng 37

Trung tm giao dch ngoi t (1991, sau khi Q s

207/NH Q ngy 16/8/1991), chm dt hot ng

vo nm 1994

TT ngoi t lin ngn hng nm 1994 (Q s

203/NH Q ngy 20/9/1994)

Giao dch k hn (Forward transaction) v hon i

SWAP transaction (1998)

Giao dch quyn chn (options) 2002

T chc th trng ngoi hi Vit Nam

TS Phm Ngc Dng 38

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20

A.

T GI HI OI

TS Phm Ngc Dng 39

Ni dung

1.T gi hi oi:

2.C s xc nh t gi hi oi

3.Cch nhn bit t gi

4.Cc phng php yt gi

5.Cc loi t gi thng dng

6.Cch tnh t gi bng phng php cho

7.Cc yu t nh hng ch yu n t gi

8.Cc bin php iu chnh t gi ch yu TS Phm Ngc Dng 40

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Samuelson nha kinh te hoc ngi My cho rang:

Ty gia hoi oai la ty gia e oi tien cua mot nc

lay tien cua mot nc khac.

Statyer nha kinh te ngi Uc, trong cuon sach th

trng ngoai hoi, cho rang: Mot ong tien cua mot

nc nao o th bang gia tr cua mot so lng

ong tien nc khac.

Christopher va Bryan Lowes, ngi Anh trong

Distionary of economics cho rang: Ty gia hoi oai

la gia cua mot loai tien c bieu hien gia mot tien

te khac. TS Phm Ngc Dng 42

1.1. Khi nim v t gi hi oi

Ty gia hoi oai la gia ca cua mot n v tien te

nc nay c the hien bang so lng n v

tien te nc khac.

V du: Ngay 04/09/20xx, tren th trng hoi oai

quoc te ta co thong tin:

1 USD = 117.20 JPY( Japanese Yen)

1 GBP = 1.9036 USD ( United States dollars)

1 USD = 1.2315 CHF( Confederation Helvetique Franc),

1 AUD = 0.7385 USD

GBP (Great Britain Pound)

TS Phm Ngc Dng 43

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22

TS Phm Ngc Dng 44

Ch bn v vng (the ky 19 en au the ky 20)

S ng nht ca ng tin trong giai on ny l HLV

nn TGH ca cc ng tin c da vo HLV c

trong chng (ngang gi vng).

V d:

1FRF=0.32258 gr vang (Phap - 1803)

1GBP=7.32 gr vang (Anh - 1821)

1USD=1.50463 gr vang (My - 1879)

Nh vy TGH ca GBP v USD l

GBP/USD = 7,32/1,50463

TGH xc nh da vo HLV gi l ngang gi vng (Gold Parity). TS Phm Ngc Dng 45

1.2. C s xc nh t gi

1.2.1. Trc thng 12/1971

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23

Vang c chon lam kim loai tien te duy nhat.

Tien c uc bang vang. Song song vi no la

tien giay kha hoan

V du:

1FRF=0.32258 gr vang (Phap - 1803)

1GBP=7.32 gr vang (Anh - 1821)

1USD=1.50463 gr vang (My - 1879)

TS Phm Ngc Dng 46

47

S sup o cua che o ban v vang Sau chien tranh the gii th nhat 1914-1918 , The gii chia

thanh nhieu che o ty gia:

Che o ban v vang nguyen thuy (My)

Che o ban v vang thoi (Anh, Phap) La che o ban v

vang khong tron ven. Theo o, giay bac ngan hang ch

c oi ra vang thoi vi so lng va ieu kien han che.

Che o ban v hoi oai vang: La che o tien te, giay

bac ngan hang khng trc tiep oi ra vang, ch c phep

oi ra ngoai hoi, theo ty gia an nh vi ngoai te manh co

the oi ra vang.

V du: 1 HKD= 1/10 GBP; 1VND = 1/35 USD

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24

Sau chin tranh th gii ln th nht, cc quc gia chu

u b kit qu v kinh t nhng Anh vn l nc mnh.

Li dng v th ny nc Anh thit lp h thng tin t quc t ly ng Bng Anh lm ng tin ch cht. V

duy nht c chnh ph Anh cho php i GBP ly vng. C 1.700 GBP (ng Bng Anh) i c 400

onnce (1ounce = 31,135 gr) tc 12,4414 kg vng.

Cho nn ch tin t quc t ny cn c gi l ch bn v vng thoi hay ch bn v vng hi oi

TS Phm Ngc Dng 48

b. He thong ty gia Bretton Woods:

Hoi ngh Bretton Woods:

Do anh hng cua chien tranh the gii lan th hai 1939-1945,

tnh hnh tai chnh tien te cua cac nc TBCN hon loan .

e co the vach ra mot trat t kinh te quoc te mi phu hp vi

ieu kien hien tai, cac nc My, Anh va mot so nc ong

minh cua ho a hop tai Bretton Woods , New Hampshire (cach

Boston 150 km). Hoi ngh keo dai t ngay 1/7/1944 en ngay

20/7/1944 di s lanh ao cua J.M Keynes va H.D White, 44

quoc gia tham d hoi ngh a i en thoa thuan :

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25

Thanh lap IMF - International Monetary Fund

www.imf.org

NH the gii WB www.worldbank.org

Hnh thanh he thong ty gia hoi oai Bretton Woods.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 50

He thong TGHD Bretton Woods (the gold exchange standard)

La he thong ty gia co nh theo USD, Ty gia hoi oai

chnh thc cua cac nc hoi vien hnh thanh tren c

s so sanh vi ham lng vang chnh thc cua USD

(1USD = 0,888671gr hay 35USD = 1 ounce vng) va

khong c bien ong qua pham vi -x% (1%) cua ty

gi chnh thc a ang ky tai IMF.

V du:

1USD =4 DEM

1 USD= 6FRF

1USD =360JPY..

TS Phm Ngc Dng 51

1ounce = 28.3495gr

http://www.imf.org/http://www.worldbank.org/

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26

TS Phm Ngc Dng 52

TS Phm Ngc Dng 53

Cac cuoc khung hoang tien te bung no vao 1969 -

1970 => c, Ha lan, Canada tha noi ty gia.

Nam 1971, Tong thong Nixon chnh thc bai bo

viec oi USD ra vang cho chnh phu cac nc, tuyen

bo pha gia USD lan 1 la 7.89% (1USD = 0.8185 gr

vang), m rong khung bien o 2,25% (12/1971).

12/2/1973, My tuyen bo pha gia USD lan th hai =>

cac nc tha noi ty gia.

He thong TGHD Bretton Woods Kt thc

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27

TS Phm Ngc Dng 54

TS Phm Ngc Dng 55

1

28

TS Phm Ngc Dng 56

TS Phm Ngc Dng 57

1.2.2. Sau thng 12/1971

Ch tin t Bretton Woods sp , ng la khng

c i ra vng. TGH ca ng tin t giai on ny

c xc nh da vo sc mua ca tin t.

VD:

L hng A bn ti M = 16 USD.

Bn ti Anh = 10 GBP.

TGH gia USD v GBP c xc nh da vo sc

mua ca 2 loi tin trn, c ngha l:

USD/GBP = 10/16 = 0,625

TGH da vo sc mua gi l ngang gi sc mua

(Purchasing Power parity - PPP).

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29

TS Phm Ngc Dng 58

Che o tien te ngay nay

Ty gia co nh (Fixed Exchange rate)

Ty gia tha noi t do va ty gia tha noi co quan ly - ty

gia linh hoat (Flexible exchange Rate Regimes)

Ty gia tha noi t do (Freely Floating Exchange rate)

Ty gia tha noi co quan ly (Managed Float exchange

rate)

Ty gia tha noi tap the

Ty gia co nh (Fixed Exchange rate): la ty gia khong bien

ong thng xuyen, khong phu thuoc vao quy luat cung cau,

m phu thuoc vao y muon chu quan cua chnh phu.

Ty gia tha noi t do (Freely Floating Exchange rate): Ty gia tha noi t do la c che ty gia ma theo o gia ca ngoai

te se do cung cau quyet nh va khong co s can thiep cua

chnh phu.

C:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/KYAT MMK USD.htmC:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/USD CHF 010206.htmC:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/usd-jpy.htm

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(JPY/USD)

So lng ngoai te

ng cung

USD

ng cau

USD

117.60

117.50

117.30

S1 Q1 S2 Q2 Q0=S1

Ty gia tha noi co quan ly (Managed Float exchange rate)

La ty gia tha noi nhng co s can thiep cua chnh phu.

Chnh phu (NHTW) s dung cac cong cu tai chnh tien te

hoac cong cu hanh chnh e tac ong len ty gia hoi oai

phuc vu cho chien lc chung cua nc mnh.

VD:

Ngay 11/8/2015 Trung Quoc a quyet nh ph gia CNY

gn 2% so vi ng USD => Hong lon th trng CK th

gii

C:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/CNY-USD.htmC:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/CNY-USD.htmC:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/CNY-USD.htmC:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/CNY-USD.htmC:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/CNY-USD.htmC:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/CNY-USD.htmC:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/CNY-USD.htm

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31

(JPY/USD)

So lng ngoai te

ng cung

USD

ng cau

USD

117.60

117.50

117.30

S1 Q1 S2 Q2 Q0=S1

(JPY/USD)

So lng ngoai te

ng cung

USD

ng cau

USD

117.60

117.50

117.30

S1 Q1 S2 Q2 Q0=S1

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32

Ty gia tha noi tap the: Noi bat nhat la he thong tien te

Chau Au (EMS-European Monetary

System 1978).

Ngay 01/01/1999 EURO chnh thc

ra i vi ay u t cach cua mot

ong tien thc, chung va duy nhat

cho ca khoi EU

Hin thi c 18 nc nc s dng ng tin chung chu u l o, B, Sp, Estonia, Phn Lan, Php, c, Hy Lp, Ireland, , Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, H Lan, B o Nha, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ty Ban Nha.

Cc quc gia trong EU tm thi khng s dng ng Euro: Anh, an Mch v Thy in

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33

C che ty gia hoi oai cua Viet Nam:

1955 - 1CNY =1470 VND,

1985 - 1USD=18VND,

1987 - 1USD=900VND,

Ke t 20/10/1988 Q 271/HBT ieu chnh ty gia theo

tn hieu th trng (11/1988: 2600VND/USD, 12/1989

4400, 12/1990: 7000VND/USD co luc tang 14000)

Ngay 25/10/1991 Q 337/HBT chong au c ngoai te,

thanh lap Trung Tam GD NT (12/1991 la 12700,

12/1992 la 10500, 12/1993 la 10840)

Ngay 20/09/1994 Q 203/NHNN thanh lap th trng

NT LNH, cong bo ty gia chnh thc + x% (0.5%-1%-

5%-10%)

Ngay 07/08/1998 a t gi chnh thc len bang t gi

Lin ngn hng va ieu chnh bien o 7%)

Ngay 25/02/1999 NHNN cong bo ty gia bnh quan tren

TTNTLNH, cac NHTM mua ban trong pham vi 0.1%,

hin nay + 0.25%

C:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/usd-vnd.png

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34

Quy c tn n v tin t

TS Phm Ngc Dng 72

1.3. Cch nhn bit t gi

TS Phm Ngc Dng 73

1

35

VD:

Ti NHVCB nim yt cc loi TG sau:

USD/VND= 15.990/ 16.000

GBP/USD= 1.8845/75

TS Phm Ngc Dng 74

T gi ng trc (15990; 1.8845) l t gi NH

mua USD v GBP gi l t gi BID (BID Rate)

T gi ng sau (16.000; 1.8875) l t gi NH bn

USD v GBP, gi l t gi ASK (ASK Rate).

T l : ASK - BID = Spread

Spread chnh l li nhun ca NH thu c.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 75

1

36

TS Phm Ngc Dng 76

T gi hi oi thng c vit di dng thp phn

c 4 ch s thp phn, ngoi tr ng Yn ch c 2

ch s thp phn.

1.3.1. Cch vit t gi

Quy tac:

o So nho la gia mua ong tien yet gia (GBP), la gia ban ong

tien nh gia (USD).

o So ln la gia ban ong tien yet gia (GBP), la gia mua ong

tien nh gia (USD).

Ty gia BID ASK

USD/CHF = 1.2350 --- 1.2360

MUA USD BAN USD

BAN CHF MUA CHF

Lu y:

- so nho la gia mua ong tien yet gia (USD) va la

gia ban ong tien nh gia (CHF).

- so ln la gia ban ong tien yet gia (USD) va la gia

mua ong tien nh gia (CHF).

C:/Documents and Settings/Tran Hoang Ngan/My Documents/forexdirectory net.bmp

1

37

Pip (points) l s s thay i nh ca mt cp tin trong th trng forex. Pips l n v nh nht m mt ng tin c th thay i. 1 pip lun lun bng 1/100 ca mt cent.

VD: khi t gi USD/JPY tng t 79.01 ln 79.02 ngha l n tng 1 pip

TS Phm Ngc Dng 78

1.3.1. Cch c t gi

Phng phap oc ty gia

(Ngon ng trong giao dch hoi oai quoc te)

V nhng ly do nhanh chong, chnh xac va tiet kiem, cac ty

gia khong bao gi c oc ay u tren th trng, ma ngi

ta thng oc nhng con so co y ngha.

Cac con so ang sau dau phay c oc theo nhom hai so.

Hai so thap phan au tien c goi la so (figure), hai so

ke tiep goi la iem (point). Trong v du o th so la 40,

iem la 60.

Nh vay, ta thay ty gia mua va ty gia ban co khoang chenh

lech (tieng Anh goi la: Spread), thong thng vao khoang 5

en 20 iem.

1

38

TS Phm Ngc Dng 80

i vi mt s loi tin c gi cao nh USD, GBP,

EURO, CAD: t gi ASK ch cng b im (point)

c l im. Hai ch s u sau du phy c l s

(figure), hai s sau gi l im (point).

- C 100 im tng ln 1 s.

- C 100 s tng ln 1 n v tin t

VD:GBP/USD = 1,8845/75.

c l: T gi Bng Anh- la M t 1,8845 n 75 (mt n v, tm tm s, bn lm im n by nhm im).

TS Phm Ngc Dng 81

1

39

TS Phm Ngc Dng 82

1.4 . Cc phng php yt gi

Yt gi trc tip (Direct quotation):

Yt gi gin tip (Indirect quotation):

TS Phm Ngc Dng 83

Phng php yt gi trc tip (Direct quotation):

L phng php biu th gi tr 1 n v ngoi t thng

qua s lng ni t nht nh.

V du

USD/JPY = 114.82 Nhat

USD/VND = 16248 Viet Nam

Ap dung : Nhat, Thai Lan, Han Quoc va Viet Nam...

Cu the: www.vcb.com.vn

1

40

TS Phm Ngc Dng 84

Phng php yt gi gin tip (Indirect quotation):

L phng php biu th gi tr 1 n v ni t thng qua

mt s lng ngoi t nht nh.

V du:

GBP/USD = 1.9841 Anh

AUD/USD = 0.7667 Uc

Ap dung : Anh, Uc, Newzealand,

Cu the: www.forexdirectory.net

TS Phm Ngc Dng 85

Yt gi ng tin

yt gi

ng tin

nh gi

EUR/USD: 1,2815 1,2818

AUD/USD: 0,7481- 0,7486

USD/JPY: 106,68 106,73

Case study

1

41

TS Phm Ngc Dng 86

Yt gi Trc

tip

Gin

tip

EUR/USD: 1,2815 1,2818, frankfurt

AUD/USD: 0,7481- 0,7486, Sydney

USD/JPY: 106,68 106,73, Tokyo

GBP/USD: 1,8421 1,8426: London

USD/VND: 15730 15761, Tp.HCM

Case study

X

X

X

X

X

87

Bi tp p dng

Ngn hng ACB nim yt t gi :

USD/VND = 20.890 20.920

GBP/USD = 1.5670 1.5673

EUR/USD = 1.3019 1.3022

USD/JPY = 78.39 78.45

- Hy xc nh SPREAD ca cc cp tin?

1

42

TS Phm Ngc Dng 88

1.5. Cc loi t gi thng dng

1.5.1. Phn loi theo cch qun l ca ngn hng Trung

ng, ta c:

T gi chnh thc Official rate. l t gia Do NHNN xc nh v cng b hng ngy, t gi ny thng dng lm

t gi tham kho cho cc NHTM v lm t gi tnh ton

trong cng tc k ton, k hoch

T gi t do Market rate.

T gi c nh Fixed rate.

T gi th ni Floating rate.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 89

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43

1.5.2. Phn loi theo nghip v kinh doanh ca ngn

hng thng mi ta c:

T gi mua vo Bid rate.

T gi bn ra Ask rate.

T gi giao ngay Spot rate.

T gi k hn Forward rate.

T gi m ca Opening rate.

T gi ng ca Closing rate.

T gi tin mt - Cash rate

T gi chuyn khon Transferrable rate TS Phm Ngc Dng 90

1.5.3. Phn loi theo thi im giao dch, ta c:

T gi ng ca: t gi thi im cui gi

giao dch

T gi m ca: t gi thi im u gi giao

dch

TS Phm Ngc Dng 91

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44

1.5.4. Cn c vo phng tin thanh ton

T gi in hi (Telegraphic Transfer Rate)

l t gi chuyn ngoi hi bng in; l t gi c

s xc nh cc loi t gi khc; nhanh

nhng t.

T gi th hi (Mail Transfer Rate) l t gi

chuyn ngoi hi bng th; r nhng chm.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 92

T gi sc v T gi hi phiu tr ngay - Cheque

rate & Draft rate.

V d: T gi hi phiu tr ngay

1 hi phiu tr ngay c gi tr: 1000 GBP.

Li sut ca ngn hng Anh: 4%/nm.

TGH 1 GBP t London->New York=> 1 GBP=2,8 USD

S ngy cn thit chuyn HP t London to New York (N):

15 ngy

Gi ca hi phiu 1000 GBP tr ngay l:

1000 GPB = (1000 x 2,8) 2800 x 4 x 15

100 x 360 = 2,795

Hay 1GBP = 2,795 USD 93

1

45

T gi hi phiu k hn

V d:

1 hi phiu c gi tr: 1000 GBP.

Li sut ca ngn hng Anh: 4%/nm.

TGH 1GBP t London->New York=> 1 GBP=2,8 USD

K hn ca hi phiu l (N): 90 ngy

Gi ca hi phiu 1000 GBP c k hn 90 ngy l:

1000 GPB = (1000 x 2,8) - 2800 x 4 x 3

100 x 12 = 2772

Hay 1 GBP = 2,772 USD TS Phm Ngc Dng 94

Ty gia xuat khau:

Tong gia von hang VN tren san tau (VND)

Ngoai te thu theo gia FOB tai cang VN (USD)

Ty gia nhap khau:

Tong gia ban hang nhap tai cang VN (VND)

Ngoai te tra theo gia CIF tai cang VN (USD)

TS Phm Ngc Dng 95

=

=

1

46

T gia xuat khau (Kx): La so tien trong nc phai chi ra e co

c 1 n v ngoai te tnh theo gia FOB

TS Phm Ngc Dng 96

Tong chi ph hang xuat khau (VN)

Kx =

Tong doanh thu hang xuat khau (USD)

Trong o :

+ Tong chi ph hang XK tnh bang tien trong nc bao gom: tr gia thu mua

hang XK, c/ph ong goi bao b, c/ph lu thong noi a, chi ph thu tuc HQ,

kiem nghiem, giao nhan, lai tien vay NH, thue, cac c/ph khac,

+ Tong doanh thu hang xuat khau tnh bang ngoai te theo gia FOB.

+ Neu Kx < t gia hoi oai thi iem thanh toan th nen xuat khau

+ Neu Kx > t gia hoi oai thi iem thanh toan th khong nen XK

T gia nhap khau (Kn): La so tien trong nc thu c khi phai

chi ra 1 n v ngoai te e nhap khau

97

Tong doanh thu hang nhap khau (VND)

Kn =

Tong chi ph hang nhap khau (USD)

Trong o :

+ Tong doanh thu hang NK tnh bang ong tien trong nc (so lng x gia

ban)

+ Tong cph hang NK tnh bang ngoai te. Bao gom : tr gia thu mua hang NK

tnh theo gia CIF, chi ph lu thong trong noi a (van tai, kho bai, xep d, ),

ph thu tuc hai quan, kiem nghiem, giao nhan, lai NH, thue nhap khau va cac

thue khac, cac chi ph khac.

+ Kn > t gia hoi oai thi iem thanh toan th nen nhap khau

+ Kn < t gia hoi oai thi iem thanh toan th khong nen nhap khau

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1.6. Cch tnh t gi bng phng php tnh cho

Khi nim:

T gi cho l t gi gia hai ng tin c tnh

ton thng qua mt ng tin th 3 (thng l ng

Dollar M)

Nguyn tc c bn:

TS Phm Ngc Dng 98

=

T gi cho gia 2 ng tin yt gi trc tip

T gi cho gia 2 ng tin yt gi gin tip

T gi cho gia 1 ng tin yt gi gin tip v 1 ng

tin yt gi trc tip

TS Phm Ngc Dng 99

1.6.1. T gi cho gia 2 ng tin yt gi trc tip

/ =.

. = .

Ty gia cheo gia 2 ong tien yet gia trc tiep

Bang ty gia gia USD va ong tien nh gia chia cho ty

gia gia USD va ong tien yet gia.

V du 1

USD/JPY= 117.88

USD/CHF =1.3162

Tnh CHF/JPY?

1

48

TS Phm Ngc Dng 100

Case study

Tnh:

JPY/VND

T gi

USD/VND 15730

GBP/USD 1,8421

EUR/USD 1,2815

AUD/USD 0,7481

USD/JPY 106,68

GBP/VND

EUR/VND

AUD/VND

JPY/VND

GBP/AUD

AUD/GBP

EUR/JPY

AUD/JPY

AUD/EUR

TS Phm Ngc Dng 101

1.6.2. T gi cho gia 2 ng tin yt gi gin tip

/ =.

. = .

Ty gia cheo gia 2 ong tien yet gia gian tiep

Bang ty gia gia ong tien yet gia va USD chia cho ty

gia gia ong tien nh gia va USD

V du:

GBP/USD=1.7347

AUD/USD=0.7302

Tnh GBP/AUD

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Case study

TS Phm Ngc Dng 102

Tnh: GBP/EUR GBP/AUD

T gi

USD/VND 15730

GBP/USD 1,8421

EUR/USD 1,2815

AUD/USD 0,7481

USD/JPY 106,68

GBP/VND

EUR/VND

AUD/VND

JPY/VND

GBP/AUD

AUD/GBP

EUR/JPY

AUD/JPY

AUD/EUR

TS Phm Ngc Dng 103

1.6.3. T gi cho gia 1 ng tin yt gi gin tip v 1

ng tin yt gi trc tip

/ = . . = 2.0700

Ty gia cheo gia 1 ong tien yet gia gian tiep va1 ong tien

yet gia trc tiep

Bang ty gia gia ong tien yet gia va USD nhan cho ty

gia gia USD va ong tien nh gia.

V du

GBP/USD=1.7347

USD/CAD=1.1933

Tnh GBP/CAD ?

1

50

TS Phm Ngc Dng 104

Case study

T gi

USD.VND 15730

GBP/USD 1,8421

EUR/USD 1,2815

AUD/USD 0,7481

USD/JPY 106,68

GBP/VND

EUR/VND

AUD/VND

JPY/VND

GBP/AUD

AUD/GBP

EUR/JPY

AUD/JPY

AUD/EUR

?

?

?

TS Phm Ngc Dng 105

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51

T gi mua: bng t gi mua ca ng USD so

vi ng tin nh gi chia cho t gi bn ca ng

tin USD so vi ng tin yt gi

T gi bn: bng t gi bn ca ng tin nh gi

so vi USD chia cho t gi mua ca ng USD so

vi ng tin yt gi

TS Phm Ngc Dng 106

(1) Hai ong tien yet gia trc tiep

V du:

Mot cong ty Nhat ti Canada bn mot lo hang thu c

100,000 CAD, v can ban cho ngan hang e chi tr

lng bng JPY cho nhan vien va cac khoan thanh toan

khac. Khi o, ngan hang se thanh toan cho cong ty bao

nhieu JPY?

Bit rng USD/JPY = 118.86 90

USD/CAD = 1.1937 42

107

1

52

T gi mua: bng t gi mua gia ng tin yt

gi so vi USD chia cho t gi bn gia ng nh

gi so vi USD

T gi bn: bng t gi bn gia ng yt gi so

vi USD chia cho t gi mua gia ng nh gi so

vi ng USD

TS Phm Ngc Dng 108

(2) Hai ng tin yt gi gin tip

TS Phm Ngc Dng 109

V du:

Mot cong ty Anh xuat khau mot lo hang thu c 1000 GBP, can

ban cho ngan hang lay AUD e thanh toan mot hp ong nhap

khau a en han.

Vi GBP/USD = 1.7565 1.7569

AUD/USD = 0.7430 0.7434

Cau hoi:

a. Tnh ty gia mua va ban cua ty gia cheo GBP/AUD

b. Khi o, ng/hang se thanh toan cho c/ty bao nhieu AUD?

1

53

T gi mua: bng t gi mua ca ng tin yt gi

so vi ng USD nhn vi t gi mua ca ng USD

so vi ng tin nh gi

T gi bn: bng gi bn ca ng tin yt gi so

vi ng USD nhn cho gi bn ca ng USD so

vi ng tin nh gi

TS Phm Ngc Dng 110

(3) Mot yet gia trc tiep va mot yet gia gian tiep:

TS Phm Ngc Dng 111

V du:

Mot cong ty Phap xuat khau mot lo hang thu c 100,000

EUR, can ban cho ngan hang e lay CHF nham thanh toan

cho hp ong nhap khau a en han. Khi o, ngan hang se

thanh toan cho cong ty bao nhieu CHF?

Vi EUR/USD = 1.1901 -1.1904

USD/CHF = 1.3038 -1.3042

1

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112

Bi tp tnh hung 1

V d 1: Cng ty A ti Singapore xut khu sang

Thy S thu c 100.000 CHF, cn bn cho Ngn

hng thu SGD tr tin trong nc.

Cho bit : USD / CHF = 1.3250 - 55

USD / SGD = 1.7190 - 95

Hi : - T gi CHF/SGD ?

- Cng ty A thu c bao nhiu SGD ?

113

Bi tp 2:

Tp on Ha Pht cn bn 20.000 GBP cho

Vietcombank ly VND tr lng cho nhn vin.

Hi Ha Pht thu c bao nhiu VND, bit rng t

gi Vietcombank nim yt l :

GBP/USD = 1.5287 97

USD/VND = 20.890 20

Tnh t gi cho: GBP / VND ?

1

55

114

Bi tp 3:

Mt cng ty ti c nhp khu t Anh tr gi H l

50.000 GBP. Hi Cng ty phi dng bao nhiu EUR

thanh ton cho i tc.

Bit rng:

GBP/USD = 1.5287 97

EUR/USD = 1.3134 40

1.7. Cc nhn t nh hng n t gi

TS Phm Ngc Dng 115

Nhom yeu to ve lam phat

Nu lm pht trong nc cao hn lm pht nc ngoi

=> HH trong nc s tr nn t hn so vi hng n/ngoi

1

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116

Cng thc tnh t gi cui k

Trong :

- TGCK l t gi thi im cn tnh ton

- TGDK l t gi thi k mc

- Lpd l lm pht ca ng tin nh gi

- Lpy l lm pht ca ng tin yt gi

V d minh ha 2: (tnh t gi cui k)

B qua chi ph vn chuyn th cng mt HH (xe t Toyota) bn

ti Vit Nam l 440.000.000 VND, ti M l 20.000 USD

Nh vy : USD/VND = 440.000.00/20.000 = 22.000

Nu cui nm VN lm pht 9 %, M lm pht 2% th gi s nh

th no ?

TS Phm Ngc Dng 117

V d minh ha (tnh bng chnh lch t gi)

Ngy 10/7/20xx, 1 USD = 21.500.

+ Lm pht ca Vit Nam d on thng 12/20xx l 9%.

+ Lm pht ca M d on thng 12/20xx l 4%.

Nh vy: USD/VND = 21.500[1+(0,09 - 0,04)]

= 22.575

Kt lun: T gi bin ng do lm pht ph thuc vo mc chnh lch lm pht 2 nc c ng tin yt gi v nh gi

1

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118

Bi tp p dng

Hy tnh t gi cui k, bit rng u k t gi

EUR/JPY l 119.24, trong k EUR lm pht

2,5% v Nht lm pht 1,5%.

Nhom yeu to ve cung cau ngoai te tren th trng

TS Phm Ngc Dng 119

Neu can can thanh toan thng xuyen tham hut

(chi > thu), th d tr ngoai te cua quoc gia se giam,

tnh hnh ngoai te cang thang, t o tao ra nhu cau

ngoai te tang len, gia ngoai te tang.

Neu can can thanh toan thang d, (thu > chi), d tr

ngoai te tang, cung ngoai te tren th trng tang,

gia ngoai te co khuynh hng giam .

1

58

Nhan to lai suat

Nu li sut trong nc tng tng i so vi ng/t

th ti sn ti chnh ni a tr ln hp dn cc nh

u t hn ti sn ti chnh nc ngoi => dng

vn chy vo th trng ni a => gim cu v tng

cung ngoi t => dng tin trong nc ln gi so vi

ngoi t => Hn ch XK hng ha

Nc no c li sut ngn hn cao hn nc khc th

vn ngn hn s chy vo nhm thu phn chnh lch

do tin li to ra.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 120

Cng thc chung:

Rf = Rs + Rs [N/360 x (Id Iy)]

V d:

T gi USD/JPY = 120 Iy = 8%/nm

Id = 10%/nm

N = 1 thng

T gi s thay i ntn vo cui thng?

TS Phm Ngc Dng 121

Ta c:

Rf = 120 + 120 [1/12(0,10-0,08)] = 120,2

USD/JPY 1k hn thng = 120,2

1

59

S kim soat cua chnh phu

Cac cong cu cua chnh sach tai chnh tien te nh:

D tr bat buoc, lai suat c ban, lai suat tai ck, tai

cap von, nghiep vu th trng m

Chnh sach tai khoa: tang/giam chi tieu cua chnh

phu trong ngan sach.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 122

TS Phm Ngc Dng 123

S ky vong cua nha au t

(cac yeu to kinh te, chnh tr, xa hoi, tam ly)

Cac s kien kinh t/ bin ng chnh tr (TL)

D bao cua th trng ve lai suat, ty gia.

Tam ly

1

60

1.8. Cc bin php iu chnh t gi

ngha ca vic iu chnh t gi:

Cn bng cn cn thanh ton

Khuyn khch XK, hn ch NK

(1) iu chnh t gi bng thay i li sut

Li sut th trng tng -> Vn ngn hn chy vo

th trng trong nc.

Du s cng thng ca cung cu -> TGH gim.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 124

(2) iu chnh t gi bng chnh sch th trng m

l chnh sch NN thng qua NHTW hoc cc t

chc ti chnh Nh nc trc tip tham gia mua bn

ngoi hi trn th trng t do nhm tc ng trc tip

vo TGH.

- Khi TGH tng, NHTW bn ngoi hi

- Khi TGH gim, NHTW mua ngoi hi

TS Phm Ngc Dng 125

1

61

(3) iu chnh t gi bng ph gi ng tin hoc nng

gi ng tin

Ph gi tin t l s nh tt sc mua ca tin t nc mnh so

vi ngoi t thp hn sc mua thc t ca n hay l nng cao

TGH ca mt n v ngoi t.

Mc ch:

- y mnh xut khu, hn ch nhp khu.

- Khuyn khch nhp khu vn, hn ch xut khu vn.

- Khuyn khch du lch vo trong nc, hn ch du lch ra

nc ngoi.

- Cp khng mt phn gi tr thc t ca nhng ai nm trong

tay ng tin b ph gi. TS Phm Ngc Dng 126

V d:

Thng 12 /1971, USD ph gi 7,89%, kt qu l TGH

ca mt n v NT (GBP) tng t: 1GBP = 2,40 USD

ln 1GBP = 2,605 USD, hay sc mua ca USD gim t:

1 USD = 0,416GBP xung cn = 0,383 GBP.

8/2015, Trung Quc ph gi ng CNY

TS Phm Ngc Dng 127

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62

TS Phm Ngc Dng 128

(4) iu chnh cn cn thanh ton

Nu thu > chi -> cn cn thanh ton d tha -> kh

nng cung cp ngoi hi > nhu cu v ngoi hi

==> TGH gim xung.

Nu chi > thu -> cn cn thanh ton thiu ht -> kh

nng cung cp ngoi hi < nhu cu v ngoi hi

==> TGH tng ln.

(5) Nng gi tin t: (Revaluation)

L vic nng cao chnh thc n v tin t nc mnh

so vi ngoi t cao hn sc mua thc t ca n.

V d:

Thng 10/1969 Mc c nng gi -> 1 USD = 4 DEM gim

xung cn 3,66 DEM hay 1 DEM tng t 0,25 USD ln 0,27

USD.

TS Phm Ngc Dng 129

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63

>>>>THANH TON QUC T

TS Phm Ngc Dng 130

TTQT l vic thc hin cc ngha v chi tr v quyn

hng li v tin t pht sinh trn c s cc hot ng kinh

t v phi kinh t gia cc t chc, c nhn nc ny vi t

chc, c nhn nc khc, hay gia mt quc gia vi t

chc quc t, thng qua quan h gia cc ngn hng ca

cc nc.

VAI TR CA THANH TON QUC T

Vai tr TTQT

i vi NKT i vi DN XNK i vi NHTM

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 131

1

64

i vi nn kinh t

1/ Bi trn v thc y hot ng XNK.

2/ Bi trn v thc y hot ng u t nc ngoi.

3/ Thc y v m rng cc hot ng dch v (du lch).

4/ Tng cng thu ht kiu hi v cc ngun lc TC khc.

5/ Thc y th trng ti chnh quc gia hi nhp quc t.

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 132

i vi DN XNK

Nh NK: iu kin tr tin v nhn hng.

Nh XK: iu kin giao hng v nhn tin.

i vi NHTM

Tng thu nhp t ph TTQT (xu hng)

C s pht trin cc nghp v khc.

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 133

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65

H THNG VN BN PHP L IU CHNH TTQT

Ti sao cn c h thng vn bn php l quc t?

Lut php gia cc nc l khc nhau.

Tham gia hot ng quc t, cc nc u bnh ng

khng th p t lut quc gia iu chnh H quc t.

Mi hnh vi u chu s iu chnh ng thi bi nhiu

ngun lut khc nhau, l:

Ngun lut chung (Hin php, Lut dn s...)

Lut chuyn ngnh, Lut c th (Lut NH, lut TTQT)

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 134

Theo tnh cht PL gim dn, cc ngun lut sau iu

chnh hot ng TTQT:

Lut v Cng c quc t chung:

Cng c LHQ v H mua bn HH quc t (Vienna

Convention 1980).

Lut thng nht v hi phiu (Uniform Law for Bill of

Exchange ULB 1930)

Cng c LHQ v Hi phiu v Lnh phiu quc t

(Intl B/E and Intl PN UN Convention 1980)

Cng c Geneve 1931 v Sc quc t (Geneve

Conventions for Check 1931)

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 135

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66

Ngun lut quc gia:

Lut dn s

Lut thng mi

Lut ngn hng

Lut TTQT

Lut cc cng c chuyn nhng...

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 136

Thng l v Tp qun quc t (Lut c th):

Quy tc & thc hnh thng nht v tn dng chng t

(UCP).

Quy tc thng nht v hon tr lin hng (URR).

Quy tc thng nht v nh thu (URC).

iu kin thng mi quc t (Incoterms).

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 137

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Trnh t u tin v mt php l

Khi c mu thun, th t u tin (gim dn) nh sau:

1. Cng c v Lut quc t.

2. Hip nh song bin v a bin.

3. Lut quc gia.

4. Thng l v tp qun quc t.

Th no l tnh cht php l ty ?

C nn Lut ha cc thng l v tp qun quc t?

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 138

NGN HNG I L / NH y thc

L do thit lp ngn hng i l

Ch yu l TT v cung cp cc dch v ngn hng.

Cc ni dung ch yu cn tha thun:

Cc mu ch k

Cc kha m Telex, Swift

Cc iu khon, iu kin

Danh mc ngn hng i l

Bo co thng nin

Hp ng tn dng

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 139

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Ti khon Nostro v Vostro (hay Loro):

Nostro = Our:

L ti khon tin gi khng k hn "ca chng ti" m ti ngn

hng i l. VD: Vietcombank m ti HSBC London (

Vietcombank l ch ti khon, cn HSBC London l ngi gi

ti khon cho Vietcombank).

T/khon ny c s d bng ngoi t, c th trong trng hp

ny l GBP

140

Vostro hay cn gi l TK Loro:

L ti khon tin gi khng k hn " ca qu v " m ti ngn

hng chng ti hay ca HSBC London m ti Vietcombank

(HSBC London l ch TK, cn Vietcombank l ngi gi TK).

Ti khon ny c s d bng ni t :VND.

- iu c bit l ti khon Nostro v Vostro c th c duy tr

bng mt ngoi t t do chuyn i, c s dng ph bin

trong thanh ton quc t. Vi cc nc c ng tin cha c

t do chuyn i th phi dng ngoi t mnh trong TTQT.

Nu xt trn gc HSBC London:th TK HSBC m ti

Vietcombank l TK Nostro, cn TK Vietcombank m ti HSBC

l TK Vostro. 141

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CC BN THAM GIA TTQT

Cc bn pht hnh chng t lin quan n s di chuyn

hng ha v tin t, bao gm:

Ngi mua, ngi bn, ngi sn xut, cc i l

Cc Ngn hng.

Ngi chuyn ch (Carrier).

Nh bo him.

Chnh ph v cc t chc TM.

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 142

Cc tn gi khc nhau dng cho cc bn:

1/ Buyer:

Importer, Drawee, Accountee, Opener, Applicant.

2/ Seller:

Exporter, Beneficiary, Drawer, Principal, Contractor.

3/ Buyers bank:

Importers bank, Collecting bank, Presenting bank,

Avaling bank, Issuing bank, Opening bank.

TS. Phm Ngc Dng 143

4/ Sellers bank:

Exporters bank, Remitting bank, Sending bank, Advising

bank, Negotiating bank, Discounting bank, Confirming

bank, Nominated bank, Paying bank.

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Tm tt bi ging 1:

Khi nim th trng ngoi hi? Hng ha ca TT ngoi

hi? c im ca Th trng ngoi hi?

Phn bit th trng c t chc/khng c t chc; th

trng ni a/quc t; th trng ngoi hi v th trng

ngoi t lin ngn hng; ngoi hi v t trng tin t.

Khi nim t gi hi oi?

Cc phng php yt gi?

Cc loi t gi thng dng?

Phng php tnh t gi cho?

Cc nhn t nh hng n t gi? 144

BI TP 1:

Cho bit USD/VND = 20.890 - 20

USD/CHF = 1.2547 97

USD/JPY = 111.98 28

EUR/USD = 1.2218 21

AUD/USD = 1.0617 25

L nhn vin ngn hng bn hy xc nh cc t gi cho

mua, cho bn cho khch hng cc cp tin sau :

CHF/VND, JPY/VND, EUR/JPY, AUD/CHF, EUR/VND,

EUR/AUD

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146

BI TP 2:

T gi USD/VND u nm 20xx l 20920. Nu

cui nm, lm pht ca Vit nam l 9% v lm

pht ca M l 2,5 %,

Hy tnh t gi USD/VND vo cui nm v cho

mt s nhn xt?