the 2 nd battle of ypres

Download The 2 nd  Battle of Ypres

If you can't read please download the document

Upload: zuzana

Post on 06-Jan-2016

50 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

The 2 nd Battle of Ypres. April to May, 1915 Belgium. This was the first battle in which the Germans used chemical weapons on a large scale along the Western Front. Ypres. “The First German Gas Attack at Ypres”, 1918 William Roberts. "In Flanders Fields“ - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

  • The 2nd Battle of YpresApril to May, 1915Belgium

  • This was the first battle in which the Germans used chemical weapons on a large scale along the Western FrontYpres

  • The First German Gas Attack at Ypres, 1918William Roberts

  • "In Flanders Fields

    "In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie, In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with those who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields."

  • Battle of the Somme, FranceJuly, 1916

  • Somme

  • General Douglas Haig

  • Battle Trench at the Somme, 1919Mary Riter Hamilton

    The Battle of Gravenstafel: Thursday 22 April Friday 23 April 1915The Battle of Saint Julien: Saturday 24 April 4 May 1915.The Battle of Frezenberg: 813 May 1915The First Battle of Bellewaarde: 2425 May 1915The Battle of Hooge 30 and 31 July 1915 -(First use of German Liquid Fire Attack-Flamethrowers)The Second Attack on Bellewaarde 25 September 1915

    *the German Army released one hundred and sixty-eight tons of chlorine gas over a 6.5km (4.0mi) front on the part of the line held by French Territorial and colonial Moroccan and Algerian troops of the French 45th and 78th divisions.[9][10] While this is often recognized as the first use of chemical warfare, poison gases were used at several earlier battles, including the Battle of Bolimov three months earlier. (However this is known as the first successful use of poison gas as the gas used in the Battle of Bolimov liquified in the cold environment and was rendered harmless.)The attack involved a massive logistical effort, as German troops hauled 5,730 cylinders of chlorine gas, weighing 90 pounds (41kg) each, to the front by hand. The German soldiers also opened the cylinders by hand, relying on the prevailing winds to carry the gas towards enemy lines. Because of this method of dispersal, a large number of German soldiers were injured or killed in the process of carrying out the attack

    **Approximately 6,000 French and colonial troops died within ten minutes at Ypres, primarily from asphyxiation and subsequent tissue damage in the lungs. Many more were blinded. Chlorine gas forms hypochlorous acid when combined with water, destroying moist tissues such as lungs and eyes. The chlorine gas, being denser than air, quickly filled the trenches, forcing the troops to climb out into heavy enemy fire.*Around 5 000 troops died within 10 minutes of the attack*Canadians used urine-soaked handkerchiefs (the ammonia in the urine reacted with the chlorine, neutralizing it, and the water would dissolve the chlorine, allowing the soldiers to breathe) to fight through the gas attacksWould mark the first time in history a small colonial power (1st Canadian Division) would defeat a great imperial power (Germany).**Although the battle was considered a stalemate, the act of re-establishing the front lines earned Canadian soldiers much respect.*Dressing Station where John McRae worked as a doctor*The first battle where the British tank was used in fightingOne of the largest battles in the Great War, with over 1 million men wounded or killed. Indeed considered one of humanitys bloodiest battles.**The first battle where people at home saw what was happening on the front.The Battle of Albert comprised the first two weeks of Anglo-French offensive operations in the Battle of the SommeAll in all the Somme battle would last 141 days.*And a battle that was fought by the soldiers of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment*Why did the RNR fight as part of Britain and not with the CEF?Newfoundland hadnt joined Confederation at this time in historyThe Somme was the debut of the Kitchener Army created by Lord Kitchener's call for recruits at the start of the war. The British volunteers were often the fittest, most enthusiastic and best educated citizens but British casualties were also inexperienced soldiers and it has been claimed that their loss was of lesser military significance than the losses of the German army.[39] British survivors of the battle gained experience and the BEF learned how to conduct the mass warfare that the other armies had been fighting since 1914.[**On the first day of battle, 57 500 British soldiers were killed, wounded or went missing.Of the dead, 700 were from the Royal Newfoundland RegimentThe Battle of the Somme was one of the costliest battles of the First World War. The original Allied estimate of casualties on the Somme, made at the Chantilly conference on 15 November, was 485,000 British and French casualties and 630,000 German.*In Newfoundland, July 1st isnt just Canada Day it is a day of commemoration and mourning for those lost*Germans referred to the Somme as the blutbad or bloodbath and the bloody grave of the German field army