the 2002 us benchmark version of the economic … · 1 the 2002 us benchmark version of the...

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THE 2002 US BENCHMARK VERSION OF THE ECONOMIC INPUT-OUTPUT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (EIO-LCA) MODEL

BY CHRISTOPHER WEBER, DEANNA MATTHEWS, ARANYA VENKATESH, CHRISTINE

COSTELLO, AND H. SCOTT MATTHEWS GREEN DESIGN INSTITUTE, CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY

JUNE 16, 2009

LAST REVISED 4/23/10 1. INTRODUCTION

The 2002 EIO-LCA benchmark model of the US Economy, like the other models available on the eiolca.net website, is based upon a variety of public data sources. The economic part of the model is built upon the inter-sector input-output transactions of the US economy as compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the US Department of Commerce (BEA 2008). The benchmark input-output tables are based upon a variety of census data sources and represents more detailed estimates and provides the basis for the BEA’s annual input-output tables. To this basic benchmark input-output model, we have added a series of emission and resource use vectors (Hendrickson 2005). This document describes the calculations and transformations used to produce these various impact vectors. Sections in this report include details on the following pieces of this EIO-LCA model:

a. Economic input-output data b. Energy Use c. Global Warming Potential Emissions

Also included are four appendices in a separate volume:

1. 2002 NAICS to Input-Output Sector Mappings 2. 2002 Input-Output Commodity Sector Outputs

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE ECONOMIC MATRICES USED IN THE 2002 BENCHMARK MODEL OF THE US ECONOMY The economic model used on the EIO-LCA website is based on the 2002 commodity by industry (C x I) model of the US BEA [BEA 2008]. Note that this model is slightly different than earlier year benchmark models used on the EIO-LCA website (e.g., the industry-by-industry models). Industry by industry models link output of an industry with the industries that support production, i.e., the required input into the model is the relevant amount of economic output of an industry, and the results are the outputs of various industry sectors needed to support that production. C x I models on the other hand have input into the model of commodity output, and link the results to production from industry sectors. Inevitably, the differences in industry or commodity basis are small (and generally restricted to a subset of sectors). The 2002 C x I model as created by the BEA is connected to NAICS sectors of the economy (the bridge between the 2002 C x I model sectors and underlying NAICS sectors is shown in Appendix A – as provided by the BEA). For further descriptions of the underlying bridges and mapping files used

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in the EIO-LCA benchmark models of the US economy, please refer to the documentation of the 1997 benchmark model. Before detailing various specific assumptions and adjustment made to create the workfiles for the 2002 C x I model, we note the basis of the most common assumption made in linking data in the model. Consistent with ISO practice [ISO 2006], we by default use economic allocation as the way of assigning effects to sectors. Again, unless stated otherwise we use economic allocation (as shown above) to estimate effects in the model when provided with data at a more or less disaggregated level. 3. ESTIMATION OF THE ELECTRICITY AND FUEL USE DATA IN THE 2002 US CXI EIO-LCA MODEL The energy data used in the 2002 US CxI EIO-LCA model is derived from several additional sources, generally for three aggregated sectors (minerals, manufacturing, transportation). The energy/fuel data are also the main required underlying data sources to estimate GHG emissions for the sectors. Compared to previous US models, we have aggregated the detail of energy/fuel sources to only coal, natural gas, petroleum based fuels, biomass/waste, and non-fossil electricity. In previous years more disaggregated estimates were also given (e.g., for gasoline, diesel, etc.). This new aggregation was done partly because the effort required to further disaggregate petroleum-based fuels is significant, requiring many assumptions and leading to uncertainties, and since relatively few sectors have a diverse mix of fuels, and thus the type of petroleum-based fuel being used in a sector can be easily assumed if needed (e.g., the air transportation sector mostly uses jet fuel). Note that we are still finalizing our method to include estimated on-site electricity generation (including associated GHG emissions), with an estimated completion time of summer 2009. Effects of site-generated electricity are relevant for only a small number of sectors (e.g., paper and aluminum). 3.1 Mineral Sectors For the 11 mineral sectors (sectors whose first 3 digits start with 211-213, seen in Appendix A), the 2002 Fuel and Electric Energy Report published by the U.S. Census Bureau [Census 2002b] was used. This document reports fuel and electricity usage in physical units (e.g., short ton, barrel, cubic feet, gallon and kWh) as well as in some cases economic expenditures for the mineral sectors in 2002. Fuels presented in this report include electricity, coal, natural gas, and various petroleum-based fuels, which we again aggregate into the fuels listed above. Sectoral fuel use was calculated in terajoules (TJ) using the conversion factors shown in Table 3-1 and 3-2.

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barrel (petroleum)= 42 gallons barrel crude petroleum= 5800000 BTU short ton anthracite coal= 25400000 BTU short ton bit & lig= 26200000 BTU 1000 cu. Ft. natural gas= 1035000 BTU barrel distillate fuel oil= 5825000 BTU barrel residual fuel oil= 6287000 BTU barrel LPG= 4011000 BTU barrel gasoline= 5248000 BTU barrel kerosine= 5670000 BTU barrel natural gasoline= 4620000 BTU BTU= 1055.1 Joules TBTU= 1055100 GJ

Table 3-1: Conversion factors [API 2005] Finally, the use of fuels for each sector were divided by the industry outputs to obtain the fuel use factors in TJ/$million. The industry outputs are presented in Appendix B. The following economic assumptions were used to convert dollar-valued purchases of fuels into physical units.

Motor Gasoline 0.947 $/gal Aviation Gasoline 1.288 $/gal Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel 0.721 $/gal Consumer Grade Propane and LPG 0.419 $/gal Kerosene 0.99 $/gal No. 1 Distillate 0.828 $/gal No. 2 Distillate 0.759 $/gal --No. 2 Diesel 0.762 $/gal --No. 2 Fuel Oil 0.737 $/gal No. 4 Distillate 0.657 $/gal Residual Fuel Oil 0.569 $/gal

Table 3-2: Conversions from Economic to Physical Unit Values (EIA 2008) 3.2 Agricultural Sectors For the 14 agricultural sectors (sectors whose first 3 digits start with 111 and 112, seen in Appendix A) the 2002 Census of Agriculture, specifically Table 59 was used [USDA 2002]. This document reports fuels as one category, “gasoline, fuels, and oils” and electricity usage in terms of expenditure by each of the NAICS codes included in the table. The 1997 Census of Agriculture included more detailed fuel expenditure information listing four fuel categorires: gasoline and gasohol, diesel, natural gas, and LPG, fuel oil, kerosene, motor oil, grease, etc [USDA 1997]. The 1997 allocation of fuels within each sector was used to disaggregate the

H Scott� 4/23/10 5:44 PMComment: What was the conversion factor used in the data? Natural or not? See cell AT3 of Mining Data sheet.

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“gasoline, fuels, and oils” category within the 2002 Census. Expenditures were converted into physical units using values in Table 3-X and values presented in Section 3.4, Tables 3-5 and 3-6. [check to be sure I referenced the tables correctly] Physical units were converted into terajoules (TJ) using the conversion factors shown in Table 3-1. Petroleum Prices Assumed for Agricultural Fuel Use, 2002

Diesel 0.964 $/gal [USDA 2005] Gasoline, bulk delivery

1.374 $/gal [USDA 2005]

LPG, bulk delivery 0.925 $/gal [USDA 2005]

Residual Oil 0.561 $/gal [EIA 2010]

Table 3-X. Agriculture-specific Conversions from Economic to Physical Unit Values

Christine Costello� 4/23/10 5:44 PMComment: I compared what I used, which were values from the 1997 EIO Documentation to those in Table 3-1 above, I used a slightly different value for the following: gasoline, 5,250,000 natural gas, 1,027,000 diesel, 5,825,000 I can change the values in my spreadsheet and update the values in the EIO_EnergyGHG_Rev2_31710.xls

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3.3 Manufacturing sectors (all sectors from IO 311111 to IO 33999A)

The electricity and fuel use for manufacturing sectors (representing 279 of the 426 sectors in the model) were estimated using data from the 2002 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) [EIA 2006]. This report presents fuel and electricity usage in trillion BTU, in 3 to 6 digit NAICS forms with physical units of BTU. Note that the specific MECS data required is for non-feedstock use of energy and fuels; as an example we do not consider feedstock use of petroleum for making plastics to be a use of petroleum in our data. For sake of explanation, Table 3-3 presents an excerpt of data reported in MECS. Since the MECS and IO data were from the same year, no further adjustments were made to the data.

NAICS Code

Major Group and Industry Total Net

Electricity Residual Fuel Oil

Distillate Fuel Oil

Natural Gas

LPG and NGL Coal Coke and

Breeze Other

311 Food 870 212 12 19 528 5 26 0 34

311221 Wet corn milling 228 23 0 0 61 0 121 0 11

313 Textile Mill Products 220 86 4 2 74 2 22 0 15

315 Apparel and Other Textile Products

30 12 0 1 16 0 0 0 0

Table 3-3: Excerpt of data reported in 2002 MECS (Trillion BTU) [EIA 200x]

Two tables of the overall MECS data were used for building the EIO-LCA model: table 3.2 (fuel consumption for energy purposes) and table 3.5 (selected byproducts for fuel consumption for energy purposes), which breaks up the “other” column of Table 3.2 into 6 further categories. While the MECS data is a valuable single source of data on energy use for more than half of the sectors in the model, a significant shortcoming is that it is highly aggregated. As shown in excerpt Table 3-3, the estimates provided are generally at the 3-digit NAICS level (e.g., NAICS 311). As shown in Appendices A and B, there are 29 sectors in this model that begin with 311. Thus the values from MECS for NAICS 311 need to be allocated to many sectors (except for sectors like 311221 which were explicitly provided by MECS). In the case of the detailed fuel data estimates (row 1 of Table 3-3), they were allocated from the 3-digit to 6-digit sector level by considering the dollar purchases of the fuels of each commodity sector in the model from the relevant industry sectors (i.e., from the 2002 US Benchmark IO Use Table). This assumption implicitly presumes that sectors within an aggregate industry sector have similar costs of energy. Table 3-4 summarizes what data were used as proxies for this allocation. For example, in the 311 Food sector, if sector 311111 represented 90% of the dollar purchases of all the sectors beginning with 311 from power generation and supply in the use table, then 90% of the electricity use would be allocated to sector 311111.

Electricity Purchases from 221100 Power Generation and Supply Residual and Distillate Oil Purchases from 324110 Petroleum Refineries Natural Gas Purchases from 221200 Natural Gas Distribution Coal Purchases from 212100 Coal Mining LPG/NGLs Purchases from 324110 Petroleum Refineries Coke/Breeze and All Other Purchases from 324110 Petroleum Refineries

H Scott� 4/23/10 5:44 PM

H Scott� 4/23/10 5:44 PM

Comment: Need separate discussion for electricity (link to section below)

Comment: just this sector or the federal/state utilities also? Are there purchases from those sectors or not?

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Table 3-4: Source of Allocation Factors for MECS Data MECS also contains significant amounts of missing data for non-disclosure reasons. Wherever data was missing they were interpolated using the next-highest level of data. 3.4 Transportation sectors (IO 481000 – IO 4A0000) Energy use of the 11 transportation sectors was estimated using data from the use table as well as Transportation Energy Data Book (edition 26), published by the U.S. Department of Energy [USDOE 2007, Table 2.5] which reports consumption of energy by fuel type and transportation mode in trillion BTUs for 2002. The modes include Highway (auto, motorcycle, bus, light truck, other truck) and Non-Highway modes (air, water, pipeline, and rail) of transportation. Fuels presented were gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel, residual fuel oil, natural gas, and electricity. Energy use by automobiles, motorcycles, and light trucks (in orange below) were assumed to be out of scope and excluded since these vehicles are not generally used for production of goods and services (with the exception of corporate fleets used in service sectors, see “all other sectors” below). Table 22 presents an excerpt of data included in the Transportation Energy Data Book.

Gasoline Diesel fuel

LPG Jet fuel fuel oil

gas Electricity

Total

HIGHWAY 16,447.50 4,922.70 26.9 0 0 11.6 0.9 21,409.60 Light vehicles 15,871.1 310.6 10 0 0 0 0 16191.7 Automobiles 9,273.9 52.0 0 0 0 0 0 9325.9 Light Trucks 6,573.3 258.6 10 0 0 0 0 6841.9 Motorcycles 23.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.9 Buses 6.7 171.7 0.2 0 0 11.6 0.9 191.1 Transit 0.2 77.5 0.2 0 0 11.6 0.9 90.4 Intercity - c 0.0 29.2 0 0 0 0 0 29.2 School - d 6.5 65.0 0 0 0 0 0 71.5 Medium/heavy trucks 569.7 4,440.4 16.7 0 0 0 0 5026.8 Table 3-5: Excerpt of data from Transportation Energy Data Book [DOE 1999], all values

in trillion BTU All energy usage from medium/heavy trucks was scaled down to avoid double counting energy use associated with own account tranportation, using data from the BEA’s Transportation Satellite Accounts for 1996 (TSA), published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis [BEA 2000]. The TSA provide the estimated use of different transportation commodities incorporated in the regular input-output use table and the use of one additional commodity, the own-account transportation activities for 101 aggregated industries [BEA 2000]. Own-account transportation includes all transportation activities within a non-transportation industry that support the production processes, e.g., the trucks owned and used by a company as opposed to that company paying a trucking company for the same services. We assumed that trucks provided all own-account transportation. The use of "Motor freight transportation and warehousing" and "Own-account transportation" commodities were summed for the sectors and the ratio of own account transport was determined as (use of own account tranportation)/(use of own account

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transportation + use of motor freight), and these ratios were applied to each sector to estimate gasoline and diesel usage for own-account trucking in each sector. The sum of the gasoline and diesel usage for own-account was then subtracted from total figures for medium and heavy trucks to yield the estimated petroleum usage by sector 484000, Truck transportation.

Energy usage for pipelines was mapped to the sectors 'Natural gas distribution' and ‘Pipeline transportation’ because the latter does not include the transmission and distribution of natural gas to final consumers, which also involves use of pipelines [Census 2005b]. Since the majority of freight-rails are powered by diesel fuel the electricity usage from rail travel was mapped to the ‘Transit and ground passenger transportation’ sector and all diesel fuel usage went to ‘Rail transportation’ sector [DoT 2004; AAR 2004]. All energy usage for buses was mapped to the ‘Transit and ground passenger transportation’ and ‘Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation’ sectors using the ratio of sectoral outputs as weighting factor. All sectoral consumption data were converted into TJ. Finally, the sectoral use of fuels were divided by the corresponding industry outputs (from Appendix 2) to obtain the fuel use factors in TJ/$million. 3.4 All other sectors The sectoral economic values of consumption of coal, electricity, and natural gas of the roughly 100 sectors not covered by the sources above were estimated from the purchases of electricity and fuels from the 2002 CxI Use table at the Detailed level (REFERENCE) from the sectors listed in Table 3-4 and then divided by the wholesale prices listed below to estimate the resource use in physical units. As a result of the indirect estimates of energy use from this method, the estimates for these sectors are thus more uncertain than the other sectors. For example, the coal purchased by the wholesale trade sector is listed at $4 million, which is then adjusted by the average cost for coal paid by electric utilities (not a specific value for the wholesale trade sector), then converted to a value of 3.3 trillion BTU. The following heat contents, provided in the Transportation Energy Data Book (edition 19), published by the U.S. Department of Energy [DOE 1999e, Table B.1], and the conversion factor of 947.8 million BTU/TJ was used to estimate the sectoral energy consumption in terajoules: § Coal: 21.015 × 106 BTU/short ton § Natural gas: 1,027 BTU/ft3 Average Retail Price of Electricity [EIA] (cents per kWh)

2002 Residential 8.44

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Commercial 7.89 Industrial 4.88 Transportation NA Other 6.75 All Sectors 7.2

Natural Gas Prices [EIA] ($/1,000 cu. Ft.) $/MBTU

City Gate Price 4.12 3.98

Residential Price 7.89 7.62

Commercial Price 6.63 6.41

Industrial Price 4.02 3.88

Electric Power Price 3.68 3.56

Petroleum Prices [EIA] - Sales to End Users - 2002 Motor Gasoline 0.947 $/gal Aviation Gasoline 1.288 $/gal Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel 0.721 $/gal Consumer Grade Propane**Use this price for LPG (is that ok?)

0.419 $/gal

Kerosene 0.99 $/gal No. 1 Distillate 0.828 $/gal No. 2 Distillate 0.759 $/gal --No. 2 Diesel 0.762 $/gal --No. 2 Fuel Oil 0.737 $/gal No. 4 Distillate 0.657 $/gal Residual Fuel Oil 0.569 $/gal

Table 3-6: Price data for extrapolating natural gas, electricity, and petroleum fuels usage for sectors where no better data exists

3.5 Summary and Validation of Energy Use Data The total consumption of electricity and fuels were calculated after estimating energy use factors for all IO sectors and compared to EIA data. Table 3-7 presents the results of the comparison.

Fuel EIA Data Total for all IO sectors Percent

Difference Electricity, MkWh 2,070,000 2,054,220 0.99 Coal/coke, trillion BTU 21900 21500 1.7 Natural Gas, trillion BTU 18600 17200 7.6 Petroleum, trillion BTU* 120900 12200 5.8

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*Note that the IO data does not include personal vehicle use that consumes approximately 95% of motor gasoline as well as some diesel, fuel oil, etc. Thus, households data were removed from the table

Table 3-7: Comparison of the estimated total sectoral electricity and fuel use for 2002 to the

EIA estimates [EIA 2004]

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3.6 Special Notes on Estimates of Electricity Use The electricity data represents the electricity consumption of each IO sector normalized by the total economic output of the sector and has the units of kWh/$. Both consumption and economic data were obtained from a number of different sources such as the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the 2002 Economic Census, and so on. The following section documents the development of the electricity vector along with the various public data sources that were used. Economic output data: The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), US Department of Commerce, publishes Economic Input Output Accounts benchmark data every five years. The 2002 EIO LCA model uses economic data from the year 2002 to obtain the total economic output data in million $ from each of the IO sectors. The Standard Make tables1 were used for this purpose, where the total output from any sector is the sum of the economic output of that sector across all other sectors that it might contribute to. This sum was used as the denominator value while determining the components of the electricity vector. Electricity consumption data: To estimate electricity consumption, the 428 IO sectors were grouped to include similar sectors based on the source of their consumption data. The various industry groups include agriculture, mining, utilities, manufacturing, transportation, and government agencies and households. For the sectors that did not have electricity consumption documented by any of the above data sources, the 2002 Benchmark Input-Output Standard Use table was used to estimate this information. The methodologies for estimating data for each of the industry groups are reported below. Agriculture - USDA The 2002 Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports the total value of electricity purchased by14 IO sectors that are related to agricultural activities and include farming, milk production and animal production. According to this report, a total of $3900M of electricity was purchased by all the agricultural sectors2. Further, The EIA reports average retail prices of electricity to ultimate end users, and for agriculture, this was reported as $0.0488/kWh in the year 20023. The total electricity consumed by all the agricultural sectors was calculated as the amount spent on electricity purchases ($3900M) divided by the average price of electricity ($0.0488/kWh). Thus, a total of 80,000 million kWh of electricity was estimated to be consumed by all the agriculture sectors. However, this data for 2002 was not available by sector.

1 BEA, 2008. 2002 Benchmark Input-Output Accounts. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce 2 2002 Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 3 EIA Energy Power Monthly

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The 1997 USDA Census of Agriculture4, however, has electricity expenditure data by sector. Using this data, the percentages of electricity expenditures attributed to each of the individual sectors was determined. These percentages were assumed to be constant from 1997 to 2002 and were used to allocate the 80,000 million kWh of electricity among the 14 agriculture sectors for the year 2002. Note: No data was available from the USDA for electricity consumed by 5 agricultural sectors that included activities such as logging, forests, fishing, hunting and trapping. For these sectors, consumption was estimated using the BEA Standard Use tables. Additionally, for the fishing sector, the Use table reports zero electricity purchases. It is assumed that the electricity purchases by the logging sector are negligible. Mining - 2002 Economic Census The 2002 Economic Census reports the total electricity consumption for each of the 29 NAICS sectors in the mining industry as well as the total electricity expenditure5. Since the EIO LCA model uses IO sectors, the Economic Census data was converted to represent the corresponding 11 IO sectors. The NAICS to IO bridge was used to implement this conversion where a many-to-one mapping between the NAICS sectors and the IO sectors was carried out. This mapping was used to estimate the total electricity purchased by each of the 11 IO mining sectors. Utilities – Various The IO sectors that correspond to utilities generation and distribution include the Power generation and Supply (IO sector code: 221100), the Water, sewage and other systems (IO sector code: 221300), Natural Gas distribution (IO sector code: 221200) and Pipeline transportation (IO sector code: 486000) and different data sources were used to estimate electricity consumed by each of these sectors. Electricity consumed by the 'Power Generation and Supply' sector was estimated as 5% of gross electrical output consumed by power generators, as reported by the Annual Energy review, 20036. Assuming that the same amount of power was consumed in 2002 as well, the total electricity consumption by the Power Generation and Supply sector was estimated as 202,000 million kWh. Note: This is later compared to the value estimated through the BEA Use tables for verification. Energy Star fact sheet7 and American Water Works Association Research Foundation8 survey of water and wastewater treatment plants report the total electricity consumption for this sector as 50,000 million kWh for the year 2002. Note: This is later compared to the value estimated through the BEA Use tables for verification. The Transportation Energy Data Book9 estimates the electricity consumption by all pipelines as 72,600 million kWh for the year 2002. This includes natural gas distribution and transmission,

4 1997 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Census of Agriculture 5 2002 Economic Census, Sector 21: Mining: Industry Series: Detailed Statistics by Industry: 2002 6 Annual Energy Review 2003, Energy Information Administration 7 Energy Star 8 American Water Works Association Research Foundation survey

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crude petroleum and petroleum products, and coal slurry and water. Based on a two references from 1977 and 1981, the electricity consumption of petroleum, coal, and water pipelines is held constant at about 62,000 million kWh. The remainder of the electricity consumption by all pipelines is associated with natural gas distribution and is about 10,500 million kWh. This amount is allocated into two pools - Natural Gas Distribution (IO sector code: 221200) and Natural Gas Transmission (IO sector code: 486000). Based on discussions with experts in the pipeline industry on the relative energy needs of the two pipeline systems, distribution was assumed to consume 15% of the energy (1570 million kWh), and transmission 85% (8900 million kWh). Natural gas distribution is its own sector and therefore it was estimated to consume a total of 1570 million kWh. Natural gas transmission is included in the Pipeline Transportation sector along with petroleum, coal, and water pipelines and so the total electricity consumption for this sector was estimated as the sum of the individual sub-sectors and found to be approximately 71,000 million kWh. Manufacturing - Economic Census Data The 2002 Economic Census reports the total amount electricity purchased by each of the 473 NAICS sectors in the manufacturing industry as well as the total electricity expenditure10. Since the EIO LCA model uses IO sectors, the Economic Census data was converted to represent the corresponding 279 IO sectors. The NAICS to IO bridge was used to implement this conversion where a many-to-one mapping between the NAICS sectors and the IO sectors was carried out. This mapping was used to estimate the total electricity purchased by each of the manufacturing sectors. Additionally, the 2002 Economic Census also reports the total amount electricity generated on-site and consumed by each of the NAICS manufacturing sectors. The NAICS to IO bridge was used estimate the electricity generated on site and consumed by each of the manufacturing IO sectors. The sectors for which this data was not available were assumed to have no electricity generation on site. Transportation - Transportation Energy Data Book The Transportation Energy Data Book provides estimates of electricity consumption of different transportation modes. This is the amount of energy consumed by the vehicles, rather than by the entire sector for overall operations. The electricity consumption data for buses and rail (transit and commuter) were used to represent the consumption of the Transit and ground passenger transportation (IO sector code: 485000) sector, and the total was found to be 19,000 million kWh. The intercity rail transit electricity consumption was assumed to represent the Rail Transportation sector (IO sector code: 482000) with a total of 2800 million kWh. Air and water transportation are assumed to use no electricity directly to power the transport vehicles. Note: For other transportation sectors, such as Air, Water, Truck transportation, where data was not explicitly available in the Transportation Energy Databook, the consumption was estimated using the BEA Standard Use tables.

9 Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition ? 10 2002 Economic Census, Sector 31: Manufacturing Industry Series Detailed Statistics by Industry: 2002

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Government agencies and Private Households - Annual Energy Review 2002 The EIA Annual Energy Review11 for the year 2002 lists the total electricity consumption by government agencies and sources. The consumption by each of these sources was allocated to the different IO government IO sectors. Electricity consumption by the postal service agency was allocated totally to the Postal Service sector (IO sector code: 491000). Electricity consumption by the Defense group was allocated totally to the General Federal Defense government industry sector (IO sector code: S00500). Electricity consumption by the Energy, Veterans Affairs, Transportation, General Services Administration, NASA, Agriculture, Justice, Interior, Health and Human Services and Others were allocated to the General Federal non-defense government industry sector (IO sector code: S00600). Electricity consumption by the 6 other government sectors was assumed to be negligible. The EIA Annual Energy Review also reports the total electricity consumption by residences as 1,270,000 million kWh12, and this is allocated entirely to the Private Households sector (IO sector code: 814000). Use table estimations For sectors where actual electricity consumption is not documented, the Use tables are utilized to estimate these values. The 2002 Benchmark Input-Output Standard Use table indicates the money spent by each of the sectors on various other sectors. The Use column for all the sectors corresponding to the Power Generation and Supply sector is equivalent to the column of electricity purchases by all the sectors. An average price of electricity is assumed for different sectors, as reported by the EIA, to estimate the electricity consumption as the ratio of the total expense ($) to the price of electricity ($/kWh) for each sector.

Table 1: Average electricity price for different sectors Sector $/kWh* Residential 0.0844 Commercial 0.0789 Industrial 0.0488 Transportation na Others 0.0675

*Source: EIA Energy Power Monthly: Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers The average electricity prices for some sectors have been adjusted based on average price paid as calculated from Economic Census Data. For example, data for electricity consumption (kWh) and purchase ($) for the mining sectors is available from the census data. These values are used to estimate the average price of electricity paid by the mining industry and is found to be $0.053/kWh. Similarly, the average price of electricity for some of the manufacturing sectors 11 Annual Energy Review 2002, Energy Information Administration, Table 1.13 U.S. Government Energy Consumption by Agency and Source 12 Annual Energy Review 2002, Energy Information Administration, Figure 8.1 Electricity Overview, Net-Generation-to-End-Use-Flow

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such as Paper and Pulp, Aluminum, Petrochemicals and so on, was assumed to be approximately $0.036/kWh. The Use table does not report any purchases for the Private Households sector and hence no electric consumption was estimated from this source. The total electric consumption across all sectors excluding the Private Households sectors, estimated by the Use table, was found to be 2,340,000 million kWh for the year 2002. The total electric power generation in the US for the same year was reported to be 3,670,000 million kWh by the 2002 Annual Energy Review. The consumption by households as documented in the same report was 1,270,000 million kWh. Therefore, the total electricity consumption excluding private households as reported by the EIA was calculated to be 2,410,000 million kWh. The difference between the national consumption reported by the EIA and estimated from the use table (excluding private households) was approximately 2% and therefore compared well. Note: For some of the actual sectors such as Power generation and Supply and Water, Sewage and other systems, the difference between the electric consumption estimated using data sources such as the EIA and Transportation Energy Databook, and the consumption estimated by the Use tables method, is very large. In such cases, the data sources were assumed more accurate and hence consumption data from the Use tables was ignored. However, the totals were found to compare very closely. Electricity vector The electricity purchased and consumed by the different sectors was then compiled from the different data sources into a single column. If no actual consumption data was available for any sector, then the Use table was used as a supplement. The total electricity consumption by all the sectors was about 3,680,000 million kWh and this was compared to the total documented by the EIA Annual Energy review. The difference was found to be less than 0.2% and therefore the values estimated seem reasonable. The electricity generated on site by some of the manufacturing sectors is represented as a second column. The economic output from each of the sectors was estimated as documented earlier. The electricity vector (kWh/$) was finally calculated as the ratio of the electricity consumption (kWh) to the economic output ($) for each of the sectors. Another vector for the electricity produced on site is calculated is the ratio of electricity produced and consumed on site to the total economic output for each sector.

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4. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS DATA IN THE 2002 US BENCHMARK CXI MODEL GHG emissions in general were estimated for the IO sectors based on either direct estimation of GHG emissions from fossil fuel combustion, or from other public EPA data on process GHG emissions for various GHG-intensive sectors where the emissions come from non-fossil combustion. The GHG emissions are separated into: CO2 emissions (fossil and process sources), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Note that the latter three types of GHG emissions come largely from non-fossil combustion and thus are not separated into fossil and process emissions. Thus the two sections below discuss how the estimates for each category were made, and apply to all sectors. 4.1 Estimation of GHG emissions from fossil fuel combustion Section 3 discussed how energy and fuel use was estimated for the sectors, resulting in intermediate estimates for each sector in physical units of BTU (before converting to TJ for display on the website). These BTU estimates by fuel for each sector were converted to trillion BTU, then multiplied by the GHG emissions factors below to estimate metric tons of CO2 from fuel combustion.

Carbon Intensities

Tg C/QBTU mt CO2/TBTU

Utility Coal 25.76 94453 Industrial Coking 25.56 93720 Other Coal 26 95333 Nat Gas 14.47 53056 LPG 17.2 63066 Motor Gasoline 19.35 70950 Distillate Fuel 19.95 73150 Kerosene 19.72 72306 Jet Fuel 19.33 70876 Residual Fuel 21.49 78796 Coke Oven Gas 93997 Still Gas 15 64205 Coke 93997 Pet Coke 102132 Wastes/oils 73216

Table 4-1: GHG Emissions Factors for Fuel Use (Source XXX) GHG emissions estimated by this method (in metric tons CO2 equivalents) are then normalized by the 2002 commodity sector outputs shown in Appendix B to be compatible with the economic input-output matrix from the BEA.

Christine Costello� 4/23/10 5:44 PMComment: EPA GHG Inventory, Annex 2, Tables A-28 and A-29

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4.2 Estimation of GHG emissions from process or non-combustion emissions Beyond fossil fuel combustion, there are GHG emissions throughout the economy from other sources. We separate our estimates of these sources between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. For non-agricultural sources, EPA’s ongoing GHG inventories track these other sources the EIO-LCA model associated them with specific input-output sectors as shown in Table 4-2. EPA’s summaries do not, however, distinguish agricultural emissions by crops, requiring a separate estimation method for agricultural emissions as described below. This Gas/Source table is taken directly from the EPA’s Sources and Sinks of Greenhouse Gases in the U.S. from 2008 [ref]. The most up-to-date document is used because the emissions values are constantly updated from year to year. Gas/Source Map 2002 CO2 5908.2 Non-Energy Use of Fuels Unallocated 141.1 Iron and Steel Production & Metallurgical Coke Production

Iron+Steel 79.6

Cement Production Cement 42.9 Natural Gas Systems NG distribution,

pipelines 29.6

Incineration of Waste Unallocated 18.5 Lime Production Lime and gypsum 13.1 Ammonia Production and Urea Consumption Fertilizer 14.2 Cropland Remaining Cropland Unallocated 8.6 Limestone and Dolomite Use Unallocated 5.2 Aluminum Production primary al 4.5 Soda Ash Production and Consumption other basic

inorganic 4.1

Petrochemical Production petrochem 2.9 Titanium Dioxide Production synthetic

dye/pigment 1.8

Carbon Dioxide Consumption Unallocated 1 Ferroalloy Production iron and steel 1.4 Phosphoric Acid Production fertilizer 1.3 Wetlands Remaining Wetlands Unallocated 1 Zinc Production nonferrous 0.9 Petroleum Systems Refineries,

pipelines, crude oil/gas

0.3

Lead Production nonferrous 0.3 Silicon Carbide Production and Consumption abrasives 0.2 CH4 580.9 Enteric Fermentation See Ag below 134 Landfills landfills 121.9 Natural Gas Systems NG distribution,

crude oil/gas 129

Coal Mining coal mining 56.8 Manure Management See Ag below 40.4 Forest Land Remaining Forest Land Unallocated 18.1

17

Petroleum Systems Refineries, pipelines, crude oil/gas

29.9

Wastewater Treatment Water and sewer systems

24.7

Stationary Combustion Power Generation 6.2 Rice Cultivation Grain Farming 6.8 Abandoned Underground Coal Mines coal mining 6.2 Mobile Combustion Unallocated 3 Composting Waste Management 1.3 Petrochemical Production Petrochemicals 1.2 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues Unallocated 0.7 Iron and Steel Production & Metallurgical Coke Production

Iron and steel 0.8

International Bunker Fuelsb 0.1 N2O 322 Agricultural Soil Management See Ag below 207.6 Mobile Combustion Unallocated 46.1 Nitric Acid Production Fertilizer 19.3 Manure Management See Ag below 14.2 Stationary Combustion power gen 14 Adipic Acid Production Other basic organic

chemicals 6.1

Wastewater Treatment Water and sewer systems

4.5

N2O from Product Uses Unallocated 4.4 Forest Land Remaining Forest Land Unallocated 2.2 Composting Waste Management 1.4 Settlements Remaining Settlements Unallocated 1.4 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues Unallocated 0.4 Incineration of Waste Unallocated 0.4 Wetlands Remaining Wetlands Unallocated + International Bunker Fuelsb Unallocated 1 HFCs 104.3 Substitution of Ozone Depleting Substancesc Unallocated 83 HCFC-22 Production Industrial gases 21.1 Semiconductor Manufacture Semiconductor Mfg 0.2 PFCs 8.7 Aluminum Production Primary Aluminum 5.3 Semiconductor Manufacture Semiconductor Mfg 3.5 SF6 18.1 Electrical Transmission and Distribution Power Generation 14.5 Magnesium Production and Processing Primary Nonferrous 2.9 Semiconductor Manufacture Semiconductor Mfg 0.7 Total 6942.3

Table 4-2 Additional 2002 Emissions from EPA (SOURCES AND SINKS REF)

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Agricultural Emissions Our estimates of agricultural emissions are made starting with the 2009 EPA GHG Inventory values for Agricultural Emissions [EPA 2009]. Methane emissions occur due to the following activities: Enteric Fermentation, Manure Management, Rice Cultivation and Field Burning of Agricultural Residues. Emissions due to Enteric Fermentation were assigned to animal types by the EPA and subsequently assigned to the appropriate NAICS code based on animal. Similarly, methane emissions due to Field Burning were associated by the EPA with specific crops which were matched to NAICS sectors. Methane emissions due to rice cultivation were assigned to the Grain Farming Sector. Nitrous Oxide emissions are organized by the EPA into the following source categories: Agricultural Soil Management, Manure Management, and Field Burning of Agricultural Residues. Agricultural Soil Management is by far the largest contributor of N2O emissions and is further subdivided into categories to reflect emissions due to synthetic and organic fertilizer application, manure application, release of nitrogen from crop residues (“residue N”, and indirect contributions from volatilization and leaching. Total fertilizer-related emissions reported by the EPA were assigned to NAICS sectors by creating ratios for each sector based on fertilizer consumption data reported by the USDA [USDA 2010, USDA 2002]. Residue N was assigned to NAICS sectors using harvested weight data given that these emissions are driven largely by materials remaining on the soil after harvest [USDA 2002]. Emissions associated with manure were assigned to NAICS sectors using the ratio of N2O emissions by sector to total, as calculated using the IPCC Tier1 method for calculating “N in urine and dung deposited by grazing animals on pasture, range and paddock” [IPCC 2006]. All other N20 emissions were allocated to NAICS sectors using acreage [USDA 2002]. Emissions from agriculture and soil management practices (sources) and are summarized in Table 4-3. Note that the agricultural N2O emissions are the dominant sources of N2O emissions in the economy and within our dataset.

IO Code IO Sector Description CO2 (Tg CO2 Eq)

CH4 (Tg CO2 Eq)

N2O (Tg CO2 Eq)

1111A0 Oilseed farming 0.2 23.4 1111B0 Grain farming 7.3 68.9 111200 Vegetable and melon farming 0.0 5.2 111335 Tree nut farming 0.0 0.7 1113A0 Fruit farming 0.0 3.7 111400 Greenhouse and nursery production 0.0 2.1 111910 Tobacco farming 0.0 1.8 111920 Cotton farming 0.0 6.5 1119B0 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 0.0 2.3 1119C0 All other crop farming 0.0 21.8 112120 Milk Production 46.6 8.3 1121A0 Cattle ranching and farming 100.7 64.8 112300 Poultry and egg production 2.7 1.9 112A00 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs 24.6 9.9 113300 Logging 0.05

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113A00 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber tracts 0.05

Table 4-3 GHG Emissions from Agriculture Sectors (Source XXX) GHG emissions estimated by the methods in section 4 (in metric tons CO2 equivalents) are then normalized by the 2002 commodity sector outputs shown in Appendix B to be compatible with the economic input-output matrix from the BEA.

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4.3 GHG Emissions Validation The sectoral total GHG emission values were compared to the EPA’s total US emissions inventory estimates for year 2002 [EPA 2008]. The largest error between the total in the model and the EPA reported total was for CO2 from fossil fuels, which was overestimated by approximately 1.8%.

CO2, process

CH4 N2O HFCs, PFCs, & SF6

CO2 from fossil fuels

Total in Model 197 560 267 48 4556 Direct HH 3 46 1458 Unallocated 175 19 10 83 Total accounted 373 582 323 131 6014

EPA Total 373 581 322 131 5908 Difference 0 1 1 0 106 Difference % 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 1.8%

Table 5-1: Comparison of estimated sectoral nonfossil and process GHG emissions for 2002 5 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY DATA The U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) data for 2002 were used to update the toxic emission data for the 2002 benchmark EIO-LCA model. The data are publicly available on the EPA website. It is based on Standard Industry Classification (SIC) codes. Units are given in grams for dioxin and dioxin compounds, and in pounds for all the other chemicals. Table 1 lists the names of fields of the national database that were used to estimate the TRI emissions for 2002 in EIO-LCA. Figure 1 presents an excerpt of the TRI database.

Field name EIO-LCA emission category

Primary SIC code CAS number Chemical name Unit of measure Total fugitive air emissions Non-‐Point Air Total stack air emissions Point Air Total air emissions Air Releases Total surface water discharge Water Releases Total underground injection Underground Releases Total on-‐site land releases Land releases

Christopher Weber� 3/17/10 5:25 PM

Christopher Weber� 3/17/10 5:24 PM

Deleted: 2003b

... [1]

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Field name EIO-LCA emission category

Total transferred off-‐site to disposal Offsite Transfers Transfers to POTWs (metals and metal compounds) POTW Transfers Transfers to POTWs (non-‐metals) POTW Transfers

Table 1: Fields of the TRI Database Used to Update the EIO-LCA

Figure 1: Excerpt of the SIC-based TRI data used to update the EIO-LCA

SIC – NAICS – IO 2002 Bridge

The 2002 Toxic Release Inventory data were based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, while the EIO-LCA was based on the Input-Output (IO) commodity tables from

22

the Department of Census, Bureau of Economic Analysis. For developing TRI model in the EIO-LCA, a transformation bridge between SIC industries and 2002 IO sectors was built. Since the direct relationship between SIC industries and IO sectors does not exist, we have to apply the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as a mediator that connects them. The transformation between SIC system and IO sectors are not always one-on-one relationships. One SIC code might correspond to multiple NAICS sectors, then multiple IO sectors. The detailed commodity output categorized by 2002 IO code was applied to define the fractions to allocate from SIC code to IO sectors. Figure 2 presents an excerpt of the commodity output by 2002 IO sectors.

Figure 2: Excerpt of the Commodity Output by 2002 IO sectors

When multiple matches from SIC code to IO sectors came out, the fractions were defined by the percentages of the amounts of commodity output from different IO sectors. Figure 3 presents an excerpt of the fractions to allocate from SIC to IO sectors.

Figure 3: Excerpt of the Fractions to allocate from SIC to IO sectors

Figure 4 presents an excerpt of the SIC – 2002 NAICS – 2002 IO sectors bridge.

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Figure 4: Excerpt of the SIC – 2002 NAICS – 2002 IO sectors bridge

The SIC-NAICS-2002 IO bridge described earlier was used to obtain estimates of the toxic releases for the input-output sectors. All emissions were then converted into kilograms (1 gram = 0.001 kg; 1 pound = 0.45359 kg) and summed to get total annual toxic releases for all industries.

After the fractions were defined, the emissions originally grouped by SIC code could be allocated into different IO sectors. Then the amount of each emission of every IO sector was summed up and grouped by IO sectors only and by IO sectors with chemical name. Figure 5 and 6 present excerpts of the summations of the amount of emission grouped by IO sectors only and by IO sectors and chemical name.

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Figure 5: Excerpt of the summation of emission by IO sectors

Figure 6: Excerpt of the summation of emission by IO sectors and chemical name

Effects of Released Toxics

25

The USEtox model, which is an environmental model for characterization of human and ecotoxic impacts in Life Cycle Impact Assessment and for comparative assessment and ranking of chemicals according to their inherent hazard characteristics, has been applied in order to understand the effects of the released toxics to human health and freshwater ecotoxic.

The factors of emissions to urban air, continental air, freshwater and agriculture soil were used to multiply by the total air emission, total freshwater emission and land emission, respectively. The results were then summed up by different IO sectors. Finally, we are able to observe the effects of human health and freshwater ecotoxic from released toxics of each IO sector.

Figure 7: Excerpt of the human health factors in USEtox

26

Figure 8: Excerpt of the freshwater ecotoxicological factors in USEtox

27

Figure 9: Excerpt of the product of emission and USEtox factors, summed up by IO sectors

Effects of Released Toxics – IMPACT2002+

The IMPACT2002+ model is mainly a combination between IMPACT 2002 (Pennington et al. 2005), Eco-indicator 99 (Goedkoop and Spriensma. 2000, 2nd version, Egalitarian Factors), CML (Guinée et al. 2002) and IPCC. IMPACT 2002 factors mainly replace Human Health cancer and non-cancer factors and Aquatic and Terrestrial ecotoxicity factors. Eco-indicator 99 factors mainly replace Respiratory effects, Ionizing radiations, Terrestrial acid/nutri, Land use and Mineral extraction. CML factors mainly replace Aquatic acidification and Aquatic eutrophication. The Aquatic eutrophication CF implemented in this method is the one for a P-limited watershed.13 The original model of IMPACT2002+ has fifteen categories of impact with three major mediums: Air, Water, and Soil.

Carcinogens Non-carcinogens Respiratory inorganics Ionizing radiation Ozone layer depletion Respiratory organics Aquatic ecotoxicity Terrestrial ecotoxicity Terrestrial acid/nutri Land occupation Aquatic acidification Aquatic eutrophication Global warming Non-renewable energy Mineral extraction

Table 2: Impact categories of IMPACT2002+ model

13 SimaPro 7.1, Comment of IMPACT2002+

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Figure 10: Excerpt of the original IMPACT2002+ model

In order to multiply the factors from IMPACT2002+ model and the total emission amount from TRI data, it is necessary to re-organize the IMPACT2002+ model. The new format of the model will be three matrixes of different mediums: Air, Water, and Soil. The columns of the matrix are the chemicals with their CAS numbers while the rows of the matrix are the fifteen categories of the IMPACT2002+ model.

Figure 11.1: Excerpt of the re-organized IMPACT2002+ model, Air

29

Figure 11.2: Excerpt of the re-organized IMPACT2002+ model, Water

Figure 11.3: Excerpt of the re-organized IMPACT2002+ model, Soil

The original TRI data has some chemical categories with different format of CAS number, and most of them are metal compounds. Therefore, those chemical categories have to be modified and replaced by normal CAS number in order to match up with IMPACT2002+.

The metal compounds are defined as including any unique chemical substance that contains the named metal (e.g., antimony, nickel, and etc.) as part of that chemical’s structure. In IMPACT2002+ model, the factors that associated with metals are mostly come from pure metals. Therefore, the CAS numbers of metal compounds in TRI data would be modified and replaced by the normal CAS numbers of the main metal substance.

30

Figure 12: TRI CAS number replaced by normal ones

However, there are still some more compounds that can be matched with more than a single chemical or cannot be matched with any chemical. Those ones that cannot be matched up with any chemical will be ignored in the impact assessment. Meanwhile, for those ones that can be matched up with more than one chemical, their impact factors will be considered as the average number of all the chemicals that they matched.

After the CAS numbers of the compounds has been refined, the next and final step is to multiply the factors of IMPACT2002+ model to the TRI data. We used the total air emission from TRI data to calculate the air impact, the surface water emission plus POTW to calculate the water impact, and the land emission to calculate the soil impact. Then we summed up those impacts from three major mediums and had the total impact of each IO sector. Finally, we had the impact assessment of released toxics based on IMPACT2002+ model.

31

Figure 13.1: Excerpt of the impact assessment of released toxic based on IMPACT2002+ model, Air

Figure 13.2: Excerpt of the impact assessment of released toxic based on IMPACT2002+ model,

Water

32

Figure 13.3: Excerpt of the impact assessment of released toxic based on IMPACT2002+ model,

Soil

33

Figure 13: Excerpt of impact assessment of released toxics based on IMPACT2002+ model

34

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37

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Minerals report (fuel and electricity report 2002?)

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APPENDIX A – LINK BETWEEN 2002 C x I MODEL IO SECTORS AND UNDERLYING NAICS SECTORS (SOURCE: BEA XXX) Following is a listing, provided by the BEA, of which NAICS sectors are aggregated into which IO sectors of the model. For example, NAICS sectors 11111 and 11112 are aggregated into the Oilseed farming sector (#1111A0) in the model. It is important to remember this as a limitation of input-output models in general, i.e., if the model is run for the Oilseed farming sector it represents a weighted average of results from producing commodities from each of the two underlying sectors. Of course even these underlying more detailed sectors also represent aggregations of production. Note that the “S sectors” in the 2002 CxI model (the last 10-15 sectors) are special sectors defined by the BEA, and do not correspond with commodity or industry production in normal discussions. While in the 2002 model the BEA did a more thorough job of making inter-sectoral purchase transaction matrices for these sectors, these sectors are still somewhat problematic to use, and they have no officially provided mapping to underlying NAICS codes. Note about the utility S sectors?

I-O Industry Code and Title Related 2002 NAICS Codes (n.a. = not applicable)

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING AND HUNTING 1110 Crop production 1111A0 Oilseed farming 11111-2 1111B0 Grain farming 11113-6, 11119 111200 Vegetable and melon farming 1112 1113A0 Fruit farming 11131-2,111331-4, 111336*,

111339 111335 Tree nut farming 111335, 111336* 111400 Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture

production 1114

111910 Tobacco farming 11191 111920 Cotton farming 11192 1119A0 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 11193, 111991 1119B0 All other crop farming 11194, 111992, 111998 1120 Animal

production

1121A0 Cattle ranching and farming 11211, 11213 112120 Dairy cattle and milk production 11212 112A00 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and

eggs 1122, 1124-5, 1129

112300 Poultry and egg production 1123 1130 Forestry

and logging

113A00 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber

tracts 1131-2

113300 Logging 1133 1140 Fishing,

hunting and trapping

114100 Fishing 1141 114200 Hunting and trapping 1142 1150 Support

activities for agriculture

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and forestry 115000 Support activities for agriculture and forestry 115

MINING 2110 Oil and gas extraction 211000 Oil and gas extraction 211 2121 Coal mining 212100 Coal mining 2121 2122 Metal ores mining 212210 Iron ore mining 21221 2122A0 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining 21222, 21229 212230 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining 21223 2123 Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying 212310 Stone mining and quarrying 21231 212320 Sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and

refractory minerals mining and quarrying 21232

212390 Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

21239 2130 Support activities for mining 213111 Drilling oil and gas wells 213111 213112 Support activities for oil and gas operations 213112 21311A Support activities for other mining 213113-5 UTILITIES 2211 Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution 221100 Electric power generation, transmission,

and distribution 2211

2212 Natural gas distribution 221200 Natural gas distribution 2212 2213 Water, sewage and other systems 221300 Water, sewage and other systems 2213 CONSTRUCTION 2301 New nonresidential construction 230101 Nonresidential commercial and health care

structures 23*

230102 Nonresidential manufacturing structures 23* 230103 Other nonresidential structures 23* 2302 New residential construction 230201 Residential permanent site single- and

multi-family structures 23*

230202 Other residential structures 23* 2303 Maintenance and repair construction 230301 Nonresidential maintenance and repair 23* 230302 Residential maintenance and repair 23* MANUFACTURING 3110 Food manufacturing 311111 Dog and cat food manufacturing 311111 311119 Other animal food manufacturing 311119 311210 Flour milling and malt manufacturing 31121 311221 Wet corn milling 311221 31122A Soybean and other oilseed processing 311222-3 311225 Fats and oils refining and blending 311225 311230 Breakfast cereal manufacturing 311230 31131A Sugar cane mills and refining 311311-2

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311313 Beet sugar manufacturing 311313 311320 Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing

from cacao beans 31132

311330 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate

31133 311340 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing 31134 311410 Frozen food manufacturing 31141 311420 Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and

drying 31142

31151A Fluid milk and butter manufacturing 311511-2 311513 Cheese manufacturing 311513 311514 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy

product manufacturing 311514

311520 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing 311520 31161A Animal (except poultry) slaughtering,

rendering, and processing 311611-3

311615 Poultry processing 311615 311700 Seafood product preparation and packaging 3117 311810 Bread and bakery product manufacturing 31181 311820 Cookie, cracker, and pasta manufacturing 31182 311830 Tortilla manufacturing 31183 311910 Snack food manufacturing 31191 311920 Coffee and tea manufacturing 31192 311930 Flavoring syrup and concentrate

manufacturing 31193

311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing 31194 311990 All other food manufacturing 31199 3121 Beverage manufacturing 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing 31211 312120 Breweries 31212 312130 Wineries 31213 312140 Distilleries 31214 3122 Tobacco manufacturing 3122A0 Tobacco product manufacturing 3122 3130 Textile mills 313100 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 3131 313210 Broadwoven fabric mills 31321 313220 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli machine

embroidery 31322

313230 Nonwoven fabric mills 31323 313240 Knit fabric mills 31324 313310 Textile and fabric finishing mills 31331 313320 Fabric coating mills 31332 3140 Textile product mills 314110 Carpet and rug mills 31411 314120 Curtain and linen mills 31412 314910 Textile bag and canvas mills 31491 314990 All other textile product mills 31499 3150 Apparel manufacturing 315100 Apparel knitting mills 31511, 31519 315210 Cut and sew apparel contractors 31521 315220 Men's and boys' cut and sew apparel

manufacturing 31522

315230 Women's and girls' cut and sew apparel manufacturing

31523 315290 Other cut and sew apparel manufacturing 31529 315900 Apparel accessories and other apparel

manufacturing 3159

3160 Leather and allied product manufacturing 316100 Leather and hide tanning and finishing 3161 316200 Footwear manufacturing 3162 316900 Other leather and allied product 3169

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manufacturing 3210 Wood product manufacturing 321100 Sawmills and wood preservation 3211 32121A Veneer and plywood manufacturing 321211-2 32121B Engineered wood member and truss

manufacturing 321213-4

321219 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 321219 321910 Wood windows and doors and millwork 32191 321920 Wood container and pallet manufacturing 32192 321991 Manufactured home (mobile home)

manufacturing 321991

321992 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing 321992 321999 All other miscellaneous wood product


3221 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills 322110 Pulp mills 32211 322120 Paper mills 32212 322130 Paperboard Mills 32213 3222 Converted paper product manufacturing 322210 Paperboard container manufacturing 32221 32222A Coated and laminated paper, packaging

paper and plastics film manufacturing 322221-2

32222B All other paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing

322223-6 322230 Stationery product manufacturing 32223 322291 Sanitary paper product manufacturing 322291 322299 All other converted paper product


3230 Printing and related support activities 323110 Printing 32311 323120 Support activities for printing 32312 3240 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing 324110 Petroleum refineries 32411 324121 Asphalt paving mixture and block


324122 Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing

324122 324191 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease


324199 All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing

324199 3251 Basic chemical manufacturing 325110 Petrochemical manufacturing 32511 325120 Industrial gas manufacturing 32512 325130 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing 32513 325181 Alkalies and chlorine manufacturing 325181 325182 Carbon black manufacturing 325182 325188 All other basic inorganic chemical


325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing 32519 3252 Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers manufacturing 325211 Plastics material and resin manufacturing 325211 325212 Synthetic rubber manufacturing 325212 325220 Artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments

manufacturing 32522

3253 Agricultural chemical manufacturing 325310 Fertilizer manufacturing 325311-4 325320 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical


3254 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing 325411 Medicinal and botanical manufacturing 325411 325412 Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing 325412 325413 In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing 325413

42

325414 Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing

325414 3255 Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing 325510 Paint and coating manufacturing 32551 325520 Adhesive manufacturing 32552 3256 Soap, cleaning compound, and toiletry manufacturing 325610 Soap and cleaning compound

manufacturing 32561

325620 Toilet preparation manufacturing 32562 3259 Other chemical product and preparation manufacturing 325910 Printing ink manufacturing 32591 3259A0 All other chemical product and preparation

manufacturing 32592, 32599

3260 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 326110 Plastics packaging materials and

unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing 32611

326121 Unlaminated plastics profile shape manufacturing

326121 326122 Plastics pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing 326122 326130 Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except

packaging), and shape manufacturing 32613

326140 Polystyrene foam product manufacturing 32614 326150 Urethane and other foam product (except

polystyrene) manufacturing 32615

326160 Plastics bottle manufacturing 32616 32619A Other plastics product manufacturing 32619 326210 Tire manufacturing 32621 326220 Rubber and plastics hoses and belting

manufacturing 32622

326290 Other rubber product manufacturing 32629 3270 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 32711A Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture

manufacturing 32711

32712A Brick, tile, and other structural clay product manufacturing

327121-3 32712B Clay and nonclay refractory manufacturing 327124-5 327211 Flat glass manufacturing 327211 327212 Other pressed and blown glass and

glassware manufacturing 327212

327213 Glass container manufacturing 327213 327215 Glass product manufacturing made of

purchased glass 327215

327310 Cement manufacturing 32731 327320 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing 32732 327330 Concrete pipe, brick, and block

manufacturing 32733

327390 Other concrete product manufacturing 32739 3274A0 Lime and gypsum product manufacturing 3274 327910 Abrasive product manufacturing 32791 327991 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing 327991 327992 Ground or treated mineral and earth


327993 Mineral wool manufacturing 327993 327999 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products 327999 331A Iron and steel mills and manufacturing from purchased

steel

331110 Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing

3311 331200 Steel product manufacturing from

purchased steel 33121, 33122

331B Nonferrous metal production and processing

33131A Alumina refining and primary aluminum production

331311-2 331314 Secondary smelting and alloying of

aluminum 331314

33131B Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum

331315, 331316, 331319 331411 Primary smelting and refining of copper 331411 331419 Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous

metal (except copper and aluminum) 331419

331420 Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying

33142 331490 Nonferrous metal (except copper and

aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and 33149

43

alloying 3315 Foundries 331510 Ferrous metal foundries 33151 331520 Nonferrous metal foundries 33152 3321 Forging and stamping

33211A All other forging, stamping, and sintering 332111-2, 332117 332114 Custom roll forming 332114 33211B Crown and closure manufacturing and

metal stamping 332115-6

3322 Cutlery and handtool manufacturing

33221A Cutlery, utensil, pot, and pan manufacturing 332211, 332214 33221B Handtool manufacturing 332212-3

3323 Architectural and structural metals manufacturing 332310 Plate work and fabricated structural product

manufacturing 33231

332320 Ornamental and architectural metal products manufacturing

33232 3324 Boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing 332410 Power boiler and heat exchanger

manufacturing 33241

332420 Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing 33242 332430 Metal can, box, and other metal container

(light gauge) manufacturing 33243

332A Ordnance and accessories manufacturing 33299A Ammunition manufacturing 332992-3 33299B Arms, ordnance, and accessories


332B Other fabricated metal product manufacturing 332500 Hardware manufacturing 3325 332600 Spring and wire product manufacturing 3326 332710 Machine shops 33271 332720 Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt

manufacturing 33272

332800 Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities

3328 33291A Valve and fittings other than plumbing 33291-2, 332919 332913 Plumbing fixture fitting and trim


332991 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing 332991 332996 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting


33299C Other fabricated metal manufacturing 332997-9 3331 Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery

manufacturing

333111 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing

333111 333112 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing 333112 333120 Construction machinery manufacturing 33312 333130 Mining and oil and gas field machinery

manufacturing 33313

3332 Industrial machinery manufacturing

33329A Other industrial machinery manufacturing 33321, 333291-4, 333298 333220 Plastics and rubber industry machinery

manufacturing 33322

333295 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing 333295 3333 Commercial and service industry machinery

manufacturing

33331A Vending, commercial, industrial, and office machinery manufacturing

333311-3 333314 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing 333314 333315 Photographic and photocopying equipment


333319 Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing

333319 3334 HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment

44

manufacturing 33341A Air purification and ventilation equipment


333414 Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing

333414 333415 Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air

heating equipment manufacturing 333415

3335 Metalworking machinery manufacturing 333511 Industrial mold manufacturing 333511 33351A Metal cutting and forming machine tool


333514 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing

333514 333515 Cutting tool and machine tool accessory


33351B Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery manufacturing

333516, 333518 3336 Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment

manufacturing

333611 Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing

333611 333612 Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive,

and gear manufacturing 333612

333613 Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing

333613 333618 Other engine equipment manufacturing 333618 3339 Other general purpose machinery manufacturing

333911 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing

333911, 333913 333912 Air and gas compressor manufacturing 333912 333920 Material handling equipment manufacturing 333921-4 333991 Power-driven handtool manufacturing 333991 33399A Other general purpose machinery

manufacturing 333992, 333997, 333999

333993 Packaging machinery manufacturing 333993 333994 Industrial process furnace and oven


33399B Fluid power process machinery 333995-6 3341 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing 334111 Electronic computer manufacturing 334111 334112 Computer storage device manufacturing 334112 33411A Computer terminals and other computer

peripheral equipment manufacturing 334113, 334119

334A Audio, video, and communications equipment

manufacturing

334210 Telephone apparatus manufacturing 33421 334220 Broadcast and wireless communications

equipment 33422

334290 Other communications equipment manufacturing

33429 334300 Audio and video equipment manufacturing 3343 3344 Semiconductor and other electronic component

manufacturing

334411 Electron tube manufacturing 334411 334412 Bare printed circuit board manufacturing 334412 334413 Semiconductor and related device


33441A Electronic capacitor, resistor, coil, transformer, and other inductor manufacturing

334414-6 334417 Electronic connector manufacturing 334417 334418 Printed circuit assembly (electronic

assembly) manufacturing 334418

334419 Other electronic component manufacturing 334419 3345 Electronic instrument manufacturing 334510 Electromedical and electrotherapeutic

apparatus manufacturing 334510

334511 Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing

334511 334512 Automatic environmental control


334513 Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing

334513 334514 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices


334515 Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing

334515 334516 Analytical laboratory instrument


334517 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing 334517 33451A Watch, clock, and other measuring and 334518-9

45

controlling device manufacturing 3346 Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical

media

33461A Software, audio, and video media reproducing

334611-2 334613 Magnetic and optical recording media


3351 Electric lighting equipment manufacturing 335110 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing 33511 335120 Lighting fixture manufacturing 33512 3352 Household appliance manufacturing 335210 Small electrical appliance manufacturing 33521 335221 Household cooking appliance


335222 Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing

335222 335224 Household laundry equipment


335228 Other major household appliance manufacturing

335228 3353 Electrical equipment manufacturing 335311 Power, distribution, and specialty

transformer manufacturing 335311

335312 Motor and generator manufacturing 335312 335313 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus


335314 Relay and industrial control manufacturing 335314 3359 Other electrical equipment and component manufacturing 335911 Storage battery manufacturing 335911 335912 Primary battery manufacturing 335912 335920 Communication and energy wire and cable

manufacturing 33592

335930 Wiring device manufacturing 33593 335991 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing 335991 335999 All other miscellaneous electrical equipment

and component manufacturing 335999

3361 Motor vehicle manufacturing 336111 Automobile manufacturing 336111 336112 Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing 336112 336120 Heavy duty truck manufacturing 336120 336A Motor vehicle body, trailer, and parts manufacturing 336211 Motor vehicle body manufacturing 336211 336212 Truck trailer manufacturing 336212 336213 Motor home manufacturing 336213 336214 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing 336214 336300 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 3363 3364 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing 336411 Aircraft manufacturing 336411 336412 Aircraft engine and engine parts


336413 Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing

336413 336414 Guided missile and space vehicle


33641A Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles

336415, 336419 336B Other transportation equipment manufacturing 336500 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing 3365 336611 Ship building and repairing 336611 336612 Boat building 336612 336991 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts


336992 Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing

336992 336999 All other transportation equipment


3370 Furniture and related product manufacturing

46

337110 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing

33711 337121 Upholstered household furniture


337122 Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing

337122 33712A Metal and other household furniture

manufacturing 337124-5, 337129

337127 Institutional furniture manufacturing 337127 33721A Office furniture manufacturing 337211, 337214 337212 Custom architectural woodwork and

millwork manufacturing 337212

337215 Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing

337215 337910 Mattress manufacturing 33791 337920 Blind and shade manufacturing 33792 3391 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing 339111 Laboratory apparatus and furniture


339112 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing

339112 339113 Surgical appliance and supplies


339114 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing

339114 339115 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing 339115 339116 Dental laboratories 339116 3399 Other miscellaneous manufacturing 339910 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing 33991 339920 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing 33992 339930 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing 33993 339940 Office supplies (except paper)

manufacturing 33994

339950 Sign manufacturing 33995 339991 Gasket, packing, and sealing device


339992 Musical instrument manufacturing 339992 33999A All other miscellaneous manufacturing 339993, 339995, 339999 339994 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing 339994 WHOLESALE TRADE 4200 Wholesale trade 420000 Wholesale trade 42 RETAIL TRADE 4A00 Retail trade

4A0000 Retail trade 44, 45 TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING, EXCLUDING

POSTAL SERVICE

4810 Air transportation 481000 Air transportation 481 4820 Rail transportation 482000 Rail transportation 482 4830 Water transportation 483000 Water transportation 483 4840 Truck transportation 484000 Truck transportation 484 4850 Transit and ground passenger transportation 485000 Transit and ground passenger

transportation 485

4860 Pipeline transportation 486000 Pipeline transportation 486 48A0 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support

47

activities 48A000 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and

support activities for transportation 487, 488

4920 Couriers and messengers 492000 Couriers and messengers 492 4930 Warehousing and storage 493000 Warehousing and storage 493 INFORMATION 5111 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers 511110 Newspaper publishers 51111 511120 Periodical publishers 51112 511130 Book publishers 51113 5111A0 Directory, mailing list, and other publishers 51114, 51119 5112 Software publishers 511200 Software publishers 51121 5120 Motion picture and sound recording industries 512100 Motion picture and video industries 5121 512200 Sound recording industries 5122 5151 Radio and television broadcasting 515100 Radio and television broadcasting 5151 5152 Cable networks and program distribution 515200 Cable and other subscription programming 5152 5161 Internet publishing and broadcasting 516110 Internet publishing and broadcasting 516 5170 Telecommunications 517000 Telecommunications 517 5180 Internet service providers, web search portals, and data

processing

518100 Internet service providers and web search portals

5181 518200 Data processing, hosting, and related

services 5182

5190 Other information services 519100 Other information services 519 FINANCE AND INSURANCE 52A0 Monetary authorities, credit intermediation and related

activities

52A000 Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation

521, 5221 522A00 Nondepository credit intermediation and

related activities 5222-3

5230 Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and related activities 523000 Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and related activities 523

5240 Insurance carriers and related activities 524100 Insurance carriers 5241 524200 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and

related activities 5242

5250 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 525000 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles 525 REAL ESTATE AND RENTAL AND LEASING 5310 Real estate

48

531000 Real estate 531 S008 Owner-occupied dwellings S00800 Owner-occupied dwellings n.a. 5321 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 532100 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 5321 532A Consumer goods and general rental centers

532A00 General and consumer goods rental except video tapes and discs

53221-2, 53229, 5323 532230 Video tape and disc rental 53223 5324 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing 532400 Commercial and industrial machinery and

equipment rental and leasing 5324

5330 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 533000 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 533 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL SERVICES 5411 Legal services 541100 Legal services 5411 5412 Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services 541200 Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,

and payroll services 5412

5413 Architectural, engineering, and related services 541300 Architectural, engineering, and related

services 5413

5414 Specialized design services 541400 Specialized design services 5414 5415 Computer systems design and related services 541511 Custom computer programming services 541511 541512 Computer systems design services 541512 54151A Other computer related services, including

facilities management 541513, 541519

5416 Management, scientific, and technical consulting services 541610 Management, scientific, and technical

consulting services 54161

5416A0 Environmental and other technical consulting services

54162, 54169 5417 Scientific research and development services 541700 Scientific research and development

services 5417

5418 Advertising and related services 541800 Advertising and related services 5418 5419 Other professional, scientific, and technical services

5419A0 All other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services

54191, 54193, 54199 541920 Photographic services 54192 541940 Veterinary services 54194 MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES AND ENTERPRISES 5500 Management of companies and enterprises 550000 Management of companies and enterprises 55 ADMINISTRATIVE AND WASTE SERVICES 561A All other administrative and support services 561100 Office administrative services 5611 561200 Facilities support services 5612

49

561400 Business support services 5614 561600 Investigation and security services 5616 561700 Services to buildings and dwellings 5617 561900 Other support services 5619 5613 Employment services 561300 Employment services 5613 5615 Travel arrangement and reservation services 561500 Travel arrangement and reservation

services 5615

5620 Waste management and remediation services 562000 Waste management and remediation

services 562

EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 6100 Educational services 611100 Elementary and secondary schools 6111 611A00 Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and

professional schools 6112-3

611B00 Other educational services 6114-7 HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE 6210 Ambulatory health care services 621A00 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other

health practitioners 6211-3

621B00 Medical and diagnostic labs and outpatient and other ambulatory care services

6214-5, 6219 621600 Home health care services 6216 6220 Hospitals 622000 Hospitals 622 6230 Nursing and residential care facilities 623000 Nursing and residential care facilities 623 6240 Social assistance

624A00 Individual and family services 6241 624200 Community food, housing, and other relief

services, including rehabilitation services 6242-3

624400 Child day care services 6244 ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT, AND RECREATION 71A0 Performing arts, spectator sports, museums, zoos, and

parks

711100 Performing arts companies 7111 711200 Spectator sports 7112 711A00 Promoters of performing arts and sports

and agents for public figures 7113-4

711500 Independent artists, writers, and performers 7115 712000 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks 712 7130 Amusements, gambling, and recreation

713A00 Amusement parks, arcades, and gambling industries

7131-2 713B00 Other amusement and recreation industries 71391-3, 71399

713940 Fitness and recreational sports centers 71394 713950 Bowling centers 71395 ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICES 7210 Accommodation 7211A0 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels 72111-2 721A00 Other accommodations 72119, 7212-3 7220 Food services and drinking places 722000 Food services and drinking places 722

50

OTHER SERVICES EXCEPT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 8111 Automotive repair and maintenance

8111A0 Automotive repair and maintenance, except car washes

81111-2, 811191, 811198 811192 Car washes 811192 811A Electronic, commercial, and household goods repair 811200 Electronic and precision equipment repair

and maintenance 8112

811300 Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance

8113 811400 Personal and household goods repair and

maintenance 8114

8120 Personal and laundry services 812100 Personal care services 8121 812200 Death care services 8122 812300 Dry-cleaning and laundry services 8123 812900 Other personal services 8129 813A Religious, grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy

organizations

813100 Religious organizations 8131 813A00 Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy

organizations 8132, 8133

813B Civic, social, professional and similar organizations 813B00 Civic, social, professional, and similar

organizations 8134, 8139

8140 Private households

814000 Private households 814 GOVERNMENT INDUSTRIES S001 Federal Government enterprises

491000 Postal service 491 S00101 Federal electric utilities n.a. S00102 Other Federal Government enterprises n.a.

S002 State and local government enterprises S00201 State and local government passenger

transit n.a.

S00202 State and local government electric utilities n.a. S00203 Other state and local government

enterprises n.a.

S005 General Federal defense government services

S00500 General Federal defense government services

n.a.

S006 General Federal nondefense government services S00600 General Federal nondefense government

services n.a.

S007 General state and local government services S00700 General state and local government

services n.a.

SPECIAL INDUSTRIES S003 Noncomparable imports S00300 Noncomparable imports n.a.

S004 Scrap, used and secondhand goods S00401 Scrap n.a. S00402 Used and secondhand goods n.a.

S009 Rest of the world adjustment S00900 Rest of the world adjustment n.a.

51

Appendix B: List of 2002 Commodity Sector Outputs (Source: BEA XXXX) Note these come from the 2002 Make Table after redefinitions. Sector Number

Sector Name Commodity Output ($million)

1111A0 Oilseed farming $14,130 1111B0 Grain farming $27,855 111200 Vegetable and melon farming $17,680 111335 Tree nut farming $2,172 1113A0 Fruit farming $10,748 111400 Greenhouse and nursery production $15,616 111910 Tobacco farming $1,175 111920 Cotton farming $3,173 1119A0 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming $2,071 1119B0 All other crop farming $20,085 112120 Milk Production $20,721 1121A0 Cattle ranching and farming $41,738 112300 Poultry and egg production $21,051 112A00 Animal production, except cattle and poultry and

eggs $16,331

113300 Logging $25,158 113A00 Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber

tracts $10,434

114100 Fishing $3,177 114200 Hunting and trapping $2,425 115000 Agriculture and forestry support activities $16,073 211000 Oil and gas extraction $89,280 212100 Coal mining $20,372 212210 Iron ore mining $1,773 212230 Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining $2,378 2122A0 Gold, silver, and other metal ore mining $3,863 212310 Stone mining and quarrying $9,430 212320 Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory mining $7,281 212390 Other nonmetallic mineral mining $2,169 213111 Drilling oil and gas wells $13,239 213112 Support activities for oil and gas operations $16,713 21311A Support activities for other mining $3,570 221100 Power generation and supply $250,159 221200 Natural gas distribution $93,128 221300 Water, sewage and other systems $43,306 230101 Nonresidential commercial and health care

structures $129,239

230102 Nonresidential manufacturing structures $23,466 230103 Other nonresidential structures $292,328 230201 Residential permanent site single- and multi-

family structures $304,951

230202 Other residential structures $133,484 230301 Nonresidential maintenance and repair $101,517 230302 Residential maintenance and repair $47,379 311111 Dog and cat food manufacturing $9,882 311119 Other animal food manufacturing $17,363 311210 Flour milling and malt manufacturing $8,349

52

311221 Wet corn milling $6,595 311225 Fats and oils refining and blending $8,304 31122A Soybean and other oilseed processing $12,046 311230 Breakfast cereal manufacturing $7,868 311313 Beet sugar manufacturing $2,255 31131A Sugar cane mills and refining $4,199 311320 Confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans $2,017 311330 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased

chocolate $9,700

311340 Nonchocolate confectionery manufacturing $6,601 311410 Frozen food manufacturing $21,434 311420 Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling and drying $30,155 311513 Cheese manufacturing $20,098 311514 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products $9,886 31151A Fluid milk and butter manufacturing $23,816 311520 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing $7,851 311615 Poultry processing $37,547 31161A Animal (except poultry) slaughtering and

processing $82,050

311700 Seafood product preparation and packaging $8,250 311810 Bread and bakery product manufacturing $36,905 311820 Cookie, cracker and pasta manufacturing $15,819 311830 Tortilla manufacturing $1,397 311910 Snack food manufacturing $18,026 311920 Coffee and tea manufacturing $5,195 311930 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing $9,386 311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing $10,575 311990 All other food manufacturing $16,604 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing $32,783 312120 Breweries $21,524 312130 Wineries $9,834 312140 Distilleries $7,949 3122A0 Tobacco product manufacturing $47,464 313100 Fiber, yarn, and thread mills $6,806 313210 Broadwoven fabric mills $7,307 313220 Narrow fabric mills and schiffli embroidery $1,211 313230 Nonwoven fabric mills $4,190 313240 Knit fabric mills $3,202 313310 Textile and fabric finishing mills $12,096 313320 Fabric coating mills $2,247 314110 Carpet and rug mills $12,938 314120 Curtain and linen mills $9,177 314910 Textile bag and canvas mills $2,402 314990 All other miscellaneous textile product mills $7,537 315100 Hosiery and sock mills $3,254 315210 Cut and sew apparel contractors $3,990 315220 Men's and boys' cut and sew apparel

manufacturing $11,112

315230 Women's and girls' cut and sew apparel manufacturing

$16,637 315290 Other cut and sew apparel manufacturing $1,437 315900 Accessories and other apparel manufacturing $2,592 316100 Leather and hide tanning and finishing $2,089

53

316200 Footwear manufacturing $1,936 316900 Other leather and allied product manufacturing $1,804 321100 Sawmills and wood preservation $29,101 321219 Reconstituted wood product manufacturing $5,789 32121A Veneer and plywood manufacturing $7,663 32121B Engineered wood member and truss


321910 Wood windows and doors and millwork $19,368 321920 Wood container and pallet manufacturing $5,173 321991 Manufactured home, mobile home,


321992 Prefabricated wood building manufacturing $3,743 321999 Miscellaneous wood product manufacturing $4,632 322110 Pulp mills $5,266 322120 Paper mills $46,011 322130 Paperboard Mills $19,879 322210 Paperboard container manufacturing $42,160 32222A Coated and laminated paper, packaging

materials, and plastic films manufacturing $11,861

32222B All other paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing

$5,045 322230 Stationery product manufacturing $7,600 322291 Sanitary paper product manufacturing $7,740 322299 All other converted paper product manufacturing $4,362 323110 Printing $66,972 323120 Support activities for printing $6,871 324110 Petroleum refineries $191,546 324121 Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing $7,460 324122 Asphalt shingle and coating materials


324191 Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing

$7,762 324199 All other petroleum and coal products


325110 Petrochemical manufacturing $22,840 325120 Industrial gas manufacturing $6,052 325130 Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing $6,256 325181 Alkalies and chlorine manufacturing $3,491 325182 Carbon black manufacturing $1,056 325188 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing $17,743 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing $57,261 325211 Plastics material and resin manufacturing $46,422 325212 Synthetic rubber manufacturing $5,790 325220 Artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments


325310 Fertilizer Manufacturing $10,291 325320 Pesticide and other agricultural chemical


325411 Medicinal and botanical manufacturing $12,794 325412 Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing $105,558 325413 In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing $9,275 325414 Biological product (except diagnostic)

Manufacturing $8,863

325510 Paint and coating manufacturing $19,383 325520 Adhesive manufacturing $7,465 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing $30,249 325620 Toilet preparation manufacturing $29,920 325910 Printing ink manufacturing $4,098 3259A0 All other chemical product and preparation $30,891

54

manufacturing 326110 Plastics packaging materials, film and sheet $28,524 326121 Unlaminated plastics profile shape manufacturing $5,436 326122 Plastics Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing $5,315 326130 Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and shapes $2,406 326140 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing $6,119 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except

Polystyrene) Manufacturing $6,880

326160 Plastics bottle manufacturing $8,035 32619A Other plastics product manufacturing $75,893 326210 Tire manufacturing $14,031 326220 Rubber and plastics hose and belting


326290 Other rubber product manufacturing $13,264 32711A Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture


32712A Brick, tile, and other structural clay product manufacturing

$2,923 32712B Clay and non-clay refractory manufacturing $2,010 327211 Flat glass manufacturing $1,988 327212 Other pressed and blown glass and glassware


327213 Glass container manufacturing $4,359 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased

Glass $6,210

327310 Cement manufacturing $7,294 327320 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing $20,748 327330 Concrete pipe, brick and block manufacturing $5,848 327390 Other concrete product manufacturing $8,638 3274A0 Lime and gypsum product manufacturing $4,829 327910 Abrasive product manufacturing $3,341 327991 Cut stone and stone product manufacturing $2,319 327992 Ground or treated minerals and earths


327993 Mineral wool manufacturing $4,819 327999 Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products $1,874 331110 Iron and steel mills $57,464 331200 Iron, steel pipe and tube manufacturing from

purchased steel $8,474

331314 Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum $116 33131A Alumina refining and primary aluminum

production $9,014

33131B Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum

$18,173 331411 Primary smelting and refining of copper $2,780 331419 Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous

metal (except copper and aluminum) $4,034

331420 Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying $8,950 331490 Nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum)

rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying $5,635

331510 Ferrous metal foundaries $14,435 331520 Nonferrous foundries $11,170 332114 Custom roll forming $4,089 33211A All other forging, stamping , and sintering $7,489 33211B Crown, closure and metal stamping


33221A Cutlery, utensils, pots, and pans manufacturing $3,217 33221B Handtool manufacturing $7,073 332310 Plate work and fabricated structural product


332320 Ornamental and architectural metail products manufacturing

$30,748 332410 Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing $3,358 332420 Metal tank, heavy gauge, manufacturing $4,546

55

332430 Metal can, box, and other container manufacturing

$14,097 332500 Hardware manufacturing $9,898 332600 Spring and wire product manufacturing $4,687 332710 Machine shops $26,120 332720 Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt


332800 Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities

$19,580 332913 Plumbing Fixture Fitting and Trim Manufacturing $3,091 33291A Valve and fittings other than plumbing $16,846 332991 Ball and roller bearing manufacturing $5,677 332996 Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing $3,707 33299A Ammunition manufacturing $2,077 33299B Ordnance and accessories manufacturing $3,115 33299C Other fabricated metal manufacturing $13,970 333111 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing $13,814 333112 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing $6,439 333120 Construction machinery manufacturing $16,550 333130 Mining and oil and gas field machinery


333220 Plastics and rubber industry machinery $2,655 333295 Semiconductor machinery manufacturing $11,276 33329A Other industrial machinery manufacturing $16,348 333314 Optical instrument and lens manufacturing $2,909 333315 Photographic and photocopying equipment


333319 Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing

$10,640 33331A Vending, commerical, industrial, and office

machinery manufacturing $4,573

333414 Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing

$3,933 333415 Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air

heating equipment manufacturing $23,348

33341A Air purification and ventilation equipment manufacturing

$3,819 333511 Industrial mold manufacturing $5,931 333514 Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing $7,928 333515 Cutting tool and machine tool accessory


33351A Metal cutting and forming machine tool manufacturing

$3,838 33351B Rolling mill and other metalworking machinery


333611 Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing

$12,718 333612 Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and

Gear Manufacturing $1,958

333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing

$2,617 333618 Other engine equipment manufacturing $18,478 333911 Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing $7,387 333912 Air and gas compressor manufacturing $4,350 333920 Material handling equipment manufacturing $15,421 333991 Power-driven handtool manufacturing $3,462 333993 Packaging machinery manufacturing $3,947 333994 Industrial process furnace and oven


33399A Fluid power process machinery $13,437 33399B Process and oven not fluid power machinery $5,672 334111 Electronic computer manufacturing $41,339 334112 Computer storage device manufacturing $7,877 33411A Computer terminals and other computer

peripheral equipment manufacturing $18,022

334210 Telephone apparatus manufacturing $25,375 334220 Broadcast and wireless communications $31,035

56

equipment 334290 Other communications equipment manufacturing $5,161 334300 Audio and video equipment manufacturing $9,586 334411 Electron tube manufacturing $3,248 334412 Bare printed circuit board manufacturing $6,726 334413 Semiconductor and related device manufacturing $59,986 334417 Electronic connector manufacturing $3,848 334418 Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly)


334419 Other electronic component manufacturing $10,387 33441A Electronic capacitor, resistor, coil, transformer,

and other inductor manufacturing $3,171

334510 Electromedical apparatus manufacturing $15,180 334511 Search, detection, and navigation instruments $30,705 334512 Automatic environmental control manufacturing $2,525 334513 Industrial process variable instruments $6,969 334514 Totalizing fluid meters and counting devices $5,295 334515 Electricity and signal testing instruments $9,731 334516 Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing $7,547 334517 Irradiation apparatus manufacturing $4,797 33451A Watch, clock, and other measuring and

controlling device manufacturing $6,011

334613 Magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing

$2,568 33461A Software, audio and video reproduction $5,022 335110 Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing $2,510 335120 Lighting fixture manufacturing $9,501 335210 Small electrical appliance manufacturing $3,958 335221 Household cooking appliance manufacturing $4,164 335222 Household refrigerator and home freezer


335224 Household laundry equipment manufacturing $4,344 335228 Other major household appliance manufacturing $3,138 335311 Electric power and specialty transformer


335312 Motor and generator manufacturing $9,144 335313 Switchgear and switchboard apparatus


335314 Relay and industrial control manufacturing $8,879 335911 Storage battery manufacturing $3,395 335912 Primary battery manufacturing $2,879 335920 Communication and energy wire and cable


335930 Wiring device manufacturing $8,996 335991 Carbon and graphite product manufacturing $1,652 335999 Miscellaneous electrical equipment


336111 Automobile Manufacturing $86,139 336112 Light Truck and Utility Vehicle Manufacturing $134,989 336120 Heavy duty truck manufacturing $19,083 336211 Motor vehicle body manufacturing $4,846 336212 Truck trailer manufacturing $3,962 336213 Motor home manufacturing $5,409 336214 Travel trailer and camper manufacturing $6,882 336300 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing $197,404 336411 Aircraft manufacturing $61,529 336412 Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing $20,416 336413 Other aircraft parts and equipment $20,796

57

336414 Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing $11,394 33641A Other guided missile and space vehicle parts and

auxiliary equipment manufacturing $6,082

336500 Railroad rolling stock manufacturing $7,008 336611 Ship building and repairing $12,715 336612 Boat building $7,976 336991 Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing $4,235 336992 Military armored vehicles and tank parts


336999 All other transportation equipment manufacturing

$7,018 337110 Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop


337121 Upholstered household furniture manufacturing $10,381 337122 Nonupholstered wood household furniture


337127 Institutional furniture manufacturing $4,270 33712A Metal and other household nonupholsetered

furniture $2,677

337212 Custom architectural woodwork and millwork $14,233 337215 Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers $8,341 33721A Office furniture manufacturing $381 337910 Mattress manufacturing $5,046 337920 Blind and shade manufacturing $2,527 339111 Laboratory apparatus and furniture


339112 Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing $20,597 339113 Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing $22,428 339114 Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing $3,062 339115 Ophthalmic goods manufacturing $4,363 339116 Dental laboratories $3,221 339910 Jewelry and silverware manufacturing $11,359 339920 Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing $11,385 339930 Doll, toy, and game manufacturing $3,805 339940 Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing $3,837 339950 Sign manufacturing $6,846 339991 Gasket, packing, and sealing device


339992 Musical instrument manufacturing $1,779 339994 Broom, brush, and mop manufacturing $2,125 33999A All other miscellaneous manufacturing $15,172 420000 Wholesale trade $871,529 481000 Air transportation $102,369 482000 Rail transportation $42,289 483000 Water transportation $27,482 484000 Truck transportation $212,125 485000 Transit and ground passenger transportation $40,313 486000 Pipeline transportation $22,316 48A000 Scenic and sightseeing transportation and

support activities for transportation $55,907

491000 Postal service $66,501 492000 Couriers and messengers $61,509 493000 Warehousing and storage $42,698 4A0000 Retail trade $908,295 511110 Newspaper publishers $14,745 511120 Periodical publishers $19,700 511130 Book publishers $26,880 5111A0 Directory, mailing list, and other publishers $12,148

58

511200 Software publishers $91,299 512100 Motion picture and video industries $67,950 512200 Sound recording industries $16,109 515100 Radio and television broadcasting $10,141 515200 Cable and other subscription programming $9,884 516110 Internet publishing and broadcasting $6,673 517000 Telecommunications $410,438 518100 Internet service providers and web search

portals $34,318

518200 Data processing, hosting, and related services $51,023 519100 Other information services $8,106 522A00 Nondepository credit intermediation and related

activities $206,138

523000 Securities, commodity contracts, investments $323,928 524100 Insurance carriers $329,051 524200 Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related $122,859 525000 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles $88,019 52A000 Monetary authorities and depository credit

intermediation $382,979

531000 Real estate $837,554 532100 Automotive equipment rental and leasing $89,632 532230 Video tape and disc rental $7,998 532400 Commercial and industrial machinery and

equipment rental and leasing $52,800

532A00 General and consumer goods rental except video tapes and discs

$24,115 533000 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets $124,250 541100 Legal services $205,688 541200 Accounting and bookkeeping services $101,089 541300 Architectural and engineering services $176,724 541400 Specialized design services $22,219 541511 Custom computer programming services $146,994 541512 Computer systems design services $45,724 54151A Other computer related services, including

facilities management $74,798

541610 Management consulting services $111,107 5416A0 Environmental and other technical consulting

services $18,224

541700 Scientific research and development services $104,808 541800 Advertising and related services $236,302 541920 Photographic services $9,292 541940 Veterinary services $14,779 5419A0 All other miscellaneous professional and technical

services $49,844

550000 Management of companies and enterprises $440,898 561100 Office administrative services $35,240 561200 Facilities support services $13,957 561300 Employment services $137,930 561400 Business support services $56,330 561500 Travel arrangement and reservation services $27,997 561600 Investigation and security services $36,484 561700 Services to buildings and dwellings $99,986 561900 Other support services $36,470 562000 Waste management and remediation services $60,528 611100 Elementary and secondary schools $32,225 611A00 Colleges, universities, and junior colleges $123,795 611B00 Other educational services $41,104

59

621600 Home health care services $47,359 621A00 Offices of physicians, dentists, and other health

practitioners $381,001

621B00 Healthcare and social assistance $117,635 622000 Hospitals $471,640 623000 Nursing and residential care facilities $132,154 624200 Community food, housing, and other relief

services, incl rehabilitation services $22,888

624400 Child day care services $35,494 624A00 Individual and family services $44,327 711100 Performing arts companies $11,751 711200 Spectator sports $22,577 711500 Independent artists, writers, and performers $18,893 711A00 Promoters of performing arts and sports and

agents for public figures $16,887

712000 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks $8,188 713940 Fitness and recreational sports centers $14,824 713950 Bowling centers $2,310 713A00 Amusement parks and arcades $66,552 713B00 Other amusement, gambling, and recreation

industries $26,449

7211A0 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels $83,734 721A00 Other accommodations $17,930 722000 Food services and drinking places $470,376 811192 Car washes $8,206 8111A0 Automotive repair and maintenance, except car

washes $168,170

811200 Electronic equipment repair and maintenance $32,044 811300 Commercial machinery repair and maintenance $34,211 811400 Household goods repair and maintenance $29,284 812100 Personal care services $38,865 812200 Death care services $13,953 812300 Drycleaning and laundry services $23,465 812900 Other personal services $52,311 813100 Religious organizations $64,380 813A00 Grantmaking, giving and social advocacy

organizations $27,608

813B00 Civic, social, professional and similar organizations

$63,477 814000 Private households $12,516 S00102 Other Federal government enterprises $2,970 S00201 State and local government passenger transit $1 S00203 Other state and local government enterprises $52,060 S00300 Noncomparable Imports $1 S00401 Scrap $5,215 S00402 Used and Secondhand Goods $1 S00500 General Federal Defense $380,797 S00600 General Federal non-defense government

industry $209,856

S00700 General state and local government services $1,042,157 S00800 Owner-Occupied Dwellings $959,446

the 2002 us benchmark version of the economic … · 1 the 2002 us benchmark version of the...

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