the 2013 beatrice tinsley lecture: a zoo of galaxies
DESCRIPTION
Talk given in New Zealand (New Plymouth, Wellington, Nelson, Dunedin and Lake Tekapo) for the 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture Series, Oct 2013.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The 2013 Beatrice Hill Tinsley Lecture
![Page 2: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dr. Karen MastersUniversity of Portsmouth, UK
A Zoo of GALAXIES
![Page 3: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Our galaxy
![Page 6: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
120 thousand light years
Artist ImpressionCredit: NASAYou are hereEdge-on spiral
NGC 4565 (NOAO)
![Page 8: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Spiral Nebulae
![Page 9: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Andromeda Galaxy
![Page 10: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
William Herschel c1800
![Page 11: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What are these spiral nebula?
![Page 13: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Red
Massive
In clusters
Blue
Less massive
Not in clusters
![Page 15: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
10 m
illion
yea
rs
100
billio
n ye
ars
100
milli
on y
ears
10 b
illion
yea
rs
Galaxies are made of stars
![Page 16: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Colours of Galaxies
Beatrice Tinsley (1941-1981)
![Page 17: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Only old stars
Still forming stars
![Page 18: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
How Many Galaxies Are There?
192924
Distance ->
Vel
ocity
->
![Page 19: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
How Many Galaxies Are There?
19861,110
![Page 20: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20081 million
![Page 21: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (2012)
![Page 22: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Colour Magnitude Diagram
Mass (Luminosity/magnitude)
Blu
erR
edde
r
CO
LOU
R
Bigger/brighterSmaller/dimmer
Red sequence – ellipticals
Blue cloud
– spiral galaxies
Mass division
Green valley (very sparse)
![Page 23: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Big DataRed sequence - ellipticals
Blue cloud - spirals
![Page 24: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
How to look at a million galaxies – ask for help!
![Page 25: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Big DataRed spirals!
Blu
e el
liptic
als!
Elliptical
galaxies
Spiral galaxies
![Page 30: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Red Spirals
Bamford et al. 2009; Skibba et al. 2009Masters et al. 2010a,b
![Page 31: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Some galaxies appear to be
crashing into each other.
![Page 32: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
High Velocity Clouds and the Milky Way Credit: B. Wakker et al. and NASA
![Page 33: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Galaxy Zoo 2
Take the brightest ¼ million galaxies and ask more detailed questions (Feb 2009-April 2010)
![Page 37: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Red Spirals have more
bars
Do bars kill galaxies?Blue = bars rare
Red = bars more common
Blue Red
Masters et al. 2011 MNRAS
![Page 38: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
More bars where there’s less gas
0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0Gas fraction (MHI/M★)
Masters et al. 2012 MNRAS
![Page 40: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Atomic HI (Walter et al. 2008)
Optical from SDSS (DR8)
Molecular H2 (Helfer et al. 2003)
The bar and gas in Messier 95
![Page 41: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
What’s next for the Zoo?
![Page 42: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Galaxy Zoo is Popular
![Page 43: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Why Do People Do This?
Galaxy Zoo: Exploring the Motivations of Citizen Scientists. (Raddick et al. 2009 astroph/0909.2925)
![Page 44: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
.org
![Page 46: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Six years of Galaxy Zoo
• July 2007-Feb 2009• Original Galaxy Zoo (spiral vs elliptical, SDSS)
• Feb 2009-April 2010• Galaxy Zoo 2 (detailed morphology, SDSS)• Zooniverse launch (Dec)
• April 2010 – Aug 2012• Galaxy Zoo: Hubble
• Aug 2012 - ?• Galaxy Zoo relaunched (more Hubble, more SDSS)
• Aug 2013 - ? • Galaxy Zoo: Quench launched
![Page 47: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Credit: Alice Sheppard
![Page 54: The 2013 Beatrice Tinsley Lecture: A Zoo of Galaxies](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102901/55509d3eb4c90590208b49e4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)