the acceptability of illicit drug use in the netherlands and norway: a comparative study...
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The acceptability of illicit drug use in the Netherlands and Norway: a comparative
study[preliminary results]
Rosalie van der Sar1, Einar Ødegard2, Evelien Brouwers1,
Ien van de Goor1, Jostein Rise2, Henk Garretsen1
1 Tilburg University, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tranzo, The Netherlands2 Sirus, The Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drugs Research, Norway
Alcohol and Drug Researcher’s Assembly, Reykjavik, August 2010
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• Introduction• Research question• Preleminary results• Discussion• Conclusion?!
Overview
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Introduction
Acceptability
:
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Why of interest?
Prevalence
Policy
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Lifetime prevalence
Netherlands 1 Norway2
Cannabis 23% 16,2%
Other drugs 6,1% 3,8%
1 Rodenburg, G., Spijkerman, R., van den Eijnden, R., & van de Mheen, D. (2007). Nationaal Prevalentie Onderzoek Middelengebruik 2005 [National Prevalence Survey Substance Use 2005]. Rotterdam: IVO.2 Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drugs Research. (2005). The drug situation in Norway 2005. Annual report to the EMCDDA. Oslo:Sirus
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Policy
NetherlandsCannabis use is tolerated
NorwayZero-tolerance
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Dutch drug policy
• Possession, trade and production of drugs are illegal• Drug use is not an illegal offence• Prevention and health education are an essentional part of
Dutch public health policy: focus on youngsters.• Distinction between hard and soft drugs based on health risks• Coffee shops are tolerated to protect citizins against the use
of hard drugs
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Criteria coffee shops
• No advertising• No hard drugs sales• No causing any nuisance• No access to coffee shops/sale of soft drugs under
18 years• No sales of more than 5 grams per transaction per
person
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Hypothesis
Expect a difference in acceptability
Acceptability of cannabis is more pronounced in
Netherlands than in Norway
The acceptability of cannabis use should be more in line with the acceptability of
cocaine/heroin in Norway than in the Netherlands
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Methods
• Cross-sectional internetsurvey• Fall 2008• Cases: N =5616 and N=2150• Opinion measured on 5 and 7 point Likert scale• Compared cannabis, cocaine and heroin• T-tests and Mann Witney U tests
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How measured? Beliefs about acceptability
1. The fact that …. is used, ought to be accepted in Norway/Netherlands
2. […. is come to stay in Norway/Netherlands]
3. [Use of …. is accepted by many]
4. In my opinion it is acceptable when my friends use …. once in a while
5. There is too strong regulation on in Norway/Netherlands
6. The legal system should (still) differentiate between cannabis and stronger drugs
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How measured? opinion policy measures
1. Drug use should be legal
2. Cannabis use must be prohibited
3. Use of other sorts of drugs must be prohibited
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Sample characteristics
Netherlands (%) Norway (%)
Age 46.7 43.6
Men 45.8 51.5Illicit drug lifetime use
Cannabis 19.0 16.0
Cocaine 3.4 3.4
Heroin 0.7 0.6
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T-test
NL NO
Mean (SD) t df Sig.
Eta
The fact that cannabis is used ought to be accepted in Norway/ the Netherlands
3.37 (±1.93)
N=5560
2.14 (±1.72)
N=2138
27.25 4322.28 .00* 0.088
The fact that cocaine/ heroin…
1.87 (±1.23)
N=5558
1.35 (±0.92)
N=2141
20.36 5187.49 .00* 0.051
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T-test
NL NO
Mean (SD) t df Sig.
Eta
The legal system should (still) differentiate between cannabis and stronger drugs
4.66 (±1.97)
N=5545
3.32 (±2.15)
N=2137
25.16 3601.41 .00* 0.076
Drug use should be legal 2.48 (± 1.74)N=5547
1.48 (± 1.22)N=2133
28.29 5500.47 .00* 0.094
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T-test
NL NO
Mean (SD) t df Sig. Eta
Cannabis use must be prohibited
3.06
(±1.33)
N=5579
4.17
(±1.16)
N=2145
-36.19 4405.02 .00* 0.145
Use of other sorts of drugs must be prohibited
3.84
(±1.16)
N=5576
4.66
(±0.79)
N=2141
-35.69 5698.18 .00* 0.142
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Discussion
Prevalence• There is a difference in prevalence rates between
these data and national data reports:
NL: lifetime use cannabis lower
NO: lifetime use cannabis higher
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Discussion
Beliefs• Strongest difference in opinion on drug policy
measures not on beliefs???
Acceptability is experienced differently than policymeasures
Symbolic politics1
1 Ødegård, E. (1995). LEGALITY AND LEGITIMACY: On Attitudes to Drugs and Social Sanctions. Br J Criminol, 35(4), 525-542.
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Discussion
Acceptability of cannabis is more pronounced in
Netherlands than in Norway
The acceptability of cannabis use should be more in line with the acceptability of
cocaine/heroin in Norway than in the Netherlands
Hypothesis
Yes, but slightly Yes, though…
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Discussion
….the scores on cannabis and cocaine/heroin items are not equal
Difference between acceptability between cannabis and cocaine/ heroin is smaller in Norway than in Netherlands