the adult learner. "the art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery." - mark van...
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The Adult Learner
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"The art of teaching is the
art of assisting discovery."
- Mark Van Doren
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What is Learning? Learning involves change.
concerned with the acquisition of habits, knowledge, and attitudes.
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What is Learning?
It enables the individual to make both personal and social adjustments.
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What is Learning? Learning is a change in the
individual, due to the interaction of that individual, and his environment, which fills a need and makes him more capable of dealing adequately with his environment.
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What is learning?
Learning is a change in human disposition or capability, which can be retained and applied.
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Key Assumptions about
Adult Learners:
1.Adults are motivated to learn as they experience needs and interests that learning will satisfy.
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Key Assumptions about
Adult Learners:
2. Experience is the richest source for adults’ learning.
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Key Assumptions about
Adult Learners:
3. Adults have a need to be self-directing.
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Dewey’s Key Concepts of Teaching:
All genuine education comes about through experience.
Democracy/Participation - promotes quality human experience
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Dewey’s Key Concepts of Teaching:
Continuity - builds upon experiences that are worth while
Interaction/Participative- it’s a social process
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What Adults Need to Know Prior to
Learning: how learning will be conducted
what will be learned
why it will be valuable
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"Anyone who stops learning is old, whether
at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps
learning stays young."
- Henry Ford
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Breakdown of the Principals of Adult
Learning
Learning is enhanced when it can
immediately be applied in a real-life
context.
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Learning is enhanced when
adult learners have control
or influence over their educational experiences.
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Learning depends
on past and current experiences.
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Learning is enhanced
when people are active
participants.
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Learning requires an environment
of comfort and respect.
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Learning is enhanced
when self-directed.
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Adult learningis enhanced when
participants experience success.
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KWL
What do we know?
What do we want to know?
What did we learn?
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“Show me and I forget;Teach me and I
remember; Involve me and I learn.”
- B. Franklin
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Jane Vella’s 12 Principles
of teaching adults
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Principle 1
Needs Assessment.
Learners need to participate in naming, what is to be learned
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Principle 2
Safety Learners need a safe, nurturing environment in which there is trust.
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Principle 3
Sound Relationship
Friendship without dependency
Fun without trivializationDialogue of peers
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Principle 4
Sequencing.Small to bigEasy to hardSlow to fast
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Principle 5
Action with reflection.
Description / Analysis / Application / Implementation
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Principle 6
Control.
Learners as subjects.
Learners as decision makers.
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Principle 7
Feelings / Emotions
Learning through pictures / sound / opinion / discussion.
Learning through the learners experiences / beliefs.
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Principle 8
Immediacy. Learning that is practical, can be used in their workplace, learning directly relevant to tomorrow.
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Principle 9
Clear Roles.
Clearly defined roles and who does what in the learning process.
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Principle 10
Teamwork. A social aspect to the learning. Adults need to network, learn by facilitation with other peers.
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Principle 11
Engagement. Learners are active participants with an investment in the learning beyond the classroom.
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Principle 12
Accountability.Learners expect results.What was planned for should be seen/reviewed in an outcome.
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REFERENCES http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/F
acDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/adults-1.htm Merriam, S. B. and Caffarella, R. S. (1991)
Learning in Adulthood. A comprehensive guide, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Knowles, Malcolm,(1978), The adult learner : a neglected species, Houston, Gulf Pub. Co.
Vella, Jane, (1994), Learning to listen, learning to teach, San Francisco,Jossey-Bass Publishers
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http://eflclassroom.ning.com