the affects and prevention of floods
DESCRIPTION
The Affects and Prevention of Floods. x. Kyle Rosbrook. Maple Creek 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6TIGApo1Iw&feature=related Although this is an extreme example of a flood, these are the effects that are quite possible - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE AFFECTS AND PREVENTION OF
FLOODS
x
Kyle Rosbrook
Maple Creek 2010 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6TIG
Apo1Iw&feature=related Although this is an extreme example of a
flood, these are the effects that are quite possible
Many rivers flood every year, damaging property and leaving people virtually homeless
The Red River In any given year, the specific causes of
flooding along the Red River relate to a combination of hydrological factors, including wet ground conditions in the previous autumn, development of severe frost in late autumn, heavy snow fall particularly during the latter part of the winter, a late and sudden warming during the spring, and an above normal rainfall during the period of rapid snowmelt. Such factors are similar to those that cause flooding along the majority of rivers in Canada.
COURSE OF THE RED RIVER
In the 1950’s the Red River flooded, the river that is normally 152 m wide expanded to 64 km across.
It flooded 1036 km² 80 000 people were
evacuated from Winnipeg 13 000 homes were
damaged
Ice Jams
Red River flooding http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=16R6uL1bbIM&NR=1
Ice Jam Demolition http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=ZsUY-6SgXas
Ice Jams are also a major cause of flooding. When river water starts to flood and ice jams or river glaciers further north have jammed the flow, this caused waters to be restricted and start to move laterally.
Flood PlainsWHAT IS IT? WHY BUILD HERE?
Flood plains are made by a meander eroding sideways as it travels downstream. When a river breaks its banks and floods, it leaves behind layers of rock and mud. These gradually build up to create the floor of the flood plain. Floodplains generally contain unconsolidated sediments, often extending below the bed of the stream
Historically, many towns have been built on floodplain, where they are highly susceptible to flooding, for a number of reasons:
access to fresh water; the fertility of floodplain land for
farming; cheap transportation, via rivers
and railroads, which often followed rivers;
ease of development of flat land
However, this makes towns and cities very susceptible to flooding!!!!
Dikes The main purpose of an artificial levee is
to prevent flooding of the adjoining countryside; however, they also confine the flow of the river, resulting in higher and faster water flow. Levees can be along rivers for protection against high-floods.
Manitoba’s Flood Prevention
The Winnipeg Floodplain The floodplain that Winnipeg originally created
was 48 km wide to divert water around the city, and was recognized in 2008 as 1 of 16 engineering achievements that has shaped the world since biblical times
However, in 1997 it was put to the test, and avoided most damage, however the 1950’s flood was 40% larger than this flood
They invested an addition $665 million to make it better
This huge “ditch” can be seen by astronauts from outer space!!!!
Changing Floodplains The flooding of the New Orleans Hurricane
in 2005 is an example of a disaster made worse because of changes to a floodplain
The Mississippi was straightened and dredged to that it would flow quicker to the Gulf, however this prevented deposit of sediment and swampy forests to, so the spread of the force was no longer there
This essentially concentrated all the water to New Orleans, flooding and detroying much of the city
This essentially concentrated all the water to New Orleans, flooding and destroying much of the city