Slide 1

The Aftermath of Civil War in RussiaMikayla, Jana and SaskiaWhat effect did Civil War have on Russia?Political and Economic Issues

War communism left many Russia individuals starving and discontentIn 1921 train fares were one million times what they were in 1917Famine lead to 4 million deathsDecline in Industrial output from 1913-192119131921Coal 299Oil 9.23.8Electricity (million Kwhs)2039520Steel 4.30.18Bricks (millions)2.10.01parties which were sent into the countryside to obtain grain by requisition might be driven away by peasants with pitchforks. Savage peasants would slit open Commissars belly, pack it with grain, and leave him by the roadside as a lesson to all.From V. Serges Memoirs of a Revolutionary- Kronstadt Rebellion

The Kronstadt Sailors were discontent with the Bolshevik reign due to broken promises and the economic issuesIssued 15 demands and rebelledTrotsky ordered them to stopThey didnt and consequently Trotsky order the Red army to attack.

Brief outlines of the 15 The Kronstadt demands:New elections for the sovietFreedom of speechThe right to assembleThe release of political prisonersAbolishment of militiaEqual rationing

Now I dont know if its just me, but upon reading some of the key demands I thought that they seemed a lot like those presented to the Tsar in 1905, which really says something about Lenins government.

7I order all those who have raised a hand against the Socialist Fatherland, immediately to lay down their weapons. Those who resist will be disarmed and put at the disposal of the Soviet Command. The arrested commissars and other representatives of the Government must be freed immediately. Only those who surrender unconditionally will be able to count on the clemency of the Soviet Republic.Trotsky

The suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion had a shattering effect on the socialists of the world. There could be no more conclusive proof that the Bolsheviks had turned into tyrants.

Orlando Figes, Western Historiographer

Kronstadt was the flash that lit up reality better than anything.

Lenin

The NEP

1921 had brought about extremely poor harvest- lack of available resourcesLenin saw the need for economic reformNew policy was adopted in 1921NEP decreased the discontent of the people as well as an increase of production of food

One step backwards, two steps forwards

Lenin

Comparison to War CommunismNEPEncouraged to use moneyPrivate trading legalizedCeased requisition Private enterprise leagalised

WAR COMMUNISMBartering of goodsPrivate trading outlawedFood requisitioned by stateProduction controlled by state

NEP was inherently unstable, if not a blind ally, and had to be replaced by something else. ~ E.H. Carr

NEP had room to grow but was unsuited for rapid industrialization. R.W. DaviesThe following slides show some propaganda posters from the specific areas we have discussed, as to give you some indication of how people were feeling during this time.We would love some class involvement so please feel free to share any thoughts.Economic and Political Issues:

Way to CommunismWhat we thought the source showed:Man on a red horse, with a red flame, wearing red clothes. Red for communismFlying above the white city showing them as greaterSun behind makes them seem majesticThe title and image seem to insinuate that they are paving the way for a better RussiaThe man seems to be pushing the dark clouds away.The fact that this poster had to be made shows us that people were doubting the new reign and needed to know what they were fighting for.

Made in 1920 around the time of War Communism19Kronstadt Rebellion:

What we thought the source showed:Holding his gun, ready to fightHe is larger than Petrograd, could be symbolic of the sailors joint might is larger than LeninThe sailor seems to be beckoning the people to join him in his rebellionSailor is young, fit and healthy. Showing an idealistic image of sailorsThis shows us that the Kronstadt sailors wanted support and believed in their cause. It also show that many other people were probably feeling the same way about the Bolsheviks.

NEP

From the NEP Russia will come the socialist Russia

http://mises.org/daily/3345What we thought the source showed:Industry behind him, insunating that the NEP will aid in this departmentPeople working behind Lenin, to make Russia great. All seem to be happy, contributing and EQUALLenin appears friendly, no military weapons or army, he seems common and relatableRed for communismThis shows us that Lenin was trying to encourage his new policy and get the people behind him.

So, how did these events help consolidate the Bolsheviks power?After the civil war the Bolsheviks were hardly popularThere decrees had turned the people against them and many rebelledUpon seeing this issue the Bolsheviks were able to fix these issues and in totalPOWER WAS CONSOLIDATEDSo how did the Civil War Help the Bolsheviks consolidate power?AnswersDuring what year was the Russian famine? 1921How many died during that time? 4 millionHow many demands did the Kronstadt sailors create? 15According to Orlando Figes, what did the Kronstadt rebellion show the Bolsheviks to be? TyrantsHow many died in total during the Kronstadt Rebellion? 20, 000According to the Marxist theory, what two stages was Russia stuck in between? Capitalism and SocialismWhy were some people discontent with the NEP? Many wanted Russia to move strait into Communism.In total how did the Bolsheviks consolidate their power after the civil war? They consolidated their power by listening to the people and changing their policies.