The Age of AbsolutismChapter 16

Philip II

► Absolute Monarchy: reigned with complete authority over the government

► Divine Right: rule came directly from God▪ Guardian of the Roman

Catholic Church▪ Inquisition against

Protestants

Philip II► Protestant England: Reasons for sending the Armada

▪ Queen Elizabeth I: a protestant supporter - Philip’s enemy!▪ the Protestant Dutch▪ knighting the Pirate Francis Drake

► The Armada▪ A large fleet was sent to invade England but was

devastated by weather and smaller and faster ships

An Empire Declines

► Philip’s successors ruled far less ably than he had► Heavy Taxes► High Inflation

Section 2

Henry IV of France

► Religious strife▪ Amongst the Catholics and

Huguenots (Protestants)▪ St. Bartholomew’s day massacre:

1572 : 1000s of Huguenots killed

► Edict of Nantes▪ Henry converted to Catholicism▪ Allowing religious toleration▪ Laid the foundation of absolute

government

Louis XIII

► Henry IV was assassinated; Louis took the throne at age 9

► Cardinal Richelieu: advisor for the next 18 years▪ Destroyed the Huguenots and

the nobles▪ Cardinal Mazarin was Richelieu’s

successor► Louis XIV inherited the throne in

1643

An Absolute Monarch Rises► Louis XIV believed in Divine Right;

called himself the Sun King “I am the State”▪ Did not rely on the Estates General

(council with representatives from all social classes)▪ Cemented ties with the wealthy

middle-class▪ Had the strongest army in Europe▪ Jean-Baptiste Colbert: finance minister

imposed mercantilists policies to bolster the economy

Versailles

► An immense palace► Elaborate ceremonies► Levee: rising of the

king each day▪ Nobles would take care

of the king► https://youtu.be/194C

DlsFpQA

A Strong State Declines

► Louis XIV ruled for 72 years▪ Poured vast resources into wars▪ Upset the balance of power in Europe; by taking

more territory▪ The expulsion of the Huguenots troubled the

French economy; 100,000 fled

Section 3

Parliament Triumphs in England► The Tudors (1485 to 1603); Henry VIII created

the Church of England.► The Stuarts (1603-1649)

▪ James I: lectured about divine right▪ Dissolved parliament▪ Clashed with Puritans.► Eventually most Puritans moved to America

The Long Parliament

► Political Revolution ▪ Parliament tried and executed his chief

ministers, including Archbishop Laud.▪ Charles led troops into the House of Commons

to arrest the radicals

► Civil War (1642-1651)▪ Cavaliers vs. Roundheads▪ Oliver Cromwell was the leader of the

Roundheads

A King is Executed► Parliament set up a court trial► In January 1649, Charles I was beheaded► “No ruler could claim absolute power and

ignore the rule of law”► A republic developed and Oliver Cromwell

became leader and made parliament more powerful.

From Restoration to Glorious Revolution

► For fear of religious civil wars, parliament invited Mary and her husband William III to take the throne

The English Bill of Rights

► Superiority of Parliament over the monarchy► Habeas corpus- Parliament power of laws► Established a limited monarchy► Toleration Act, 1689: granted limited

religious freedom to all of those not involved in the Church of England▪ Catholics had no religious freedom

Constitutional Government Evolves

► Political Parties Emerge▪ Tories and Whigs

► The Cabinet System▪ Parliamentary advisors

► The Prime Minister▪ Leader of the majority party of the House of

Commons▪ Chief official of the British government

Current: Theresa MaySince 2016

Assignment

-Draw 3 pictures that represent 3 ways the Glorious Revolution in Europe impacted the United States. (522 in book)

-If you can’t think of pictures you can list and explain the three ways

Assignment

-Draw 3 pictures that represent 3 ways the Glorious Revolution in Europe impacted the United States. (522 in book)

-You must use color and write a caption under each picture.

-Make your pictures relatively big on the paper.

Section 4

Austria and Prussia - German states!

The Rise of Austria & Prussia► The Thirty Years’ War

Ravages Europe▪ Holy Roman Empire: 17th

Century saw a patchwork of states (German princes ruled them)▪ In theory they were led by

the Holy Roman Emperor► Holy Roman Emperor

had no power► German princes fighting

for power▪ North was Protestant while

the South was Catholic

A series of wars...► Began in Czech Republic

(back then it was Bohemia)▪ Wanted to suppress the

Protestants▪ Protestants fought back -

throw out window!► Erupts into all out war► Heavy loss of life► Habsburg Austria grows

and attempts to unite

Maria Theresa

► Daughter of Emperor Charles VI - Became ruler when he died

► Had to fight hard for people to accept and respect her - She did earn it!

► Fought against Prussia► Got Hungary on her side► Strengthened Habsburg power

by reorganizing bureaucracy and improving tax collection

Conclusion?

► How does it end?▪ Ultimately Austria and Prussia continue to

battle for control of all of the German states▪ Britain and France compete to develop their

overseas empires in the expanded world▪ There would be conflicts among these groups

over time and over several continents

Section 5

Russia!

Absolute Monarchy in Russia

► Peter the Great Modernizes Russia▪ Journey to the West

► Policy of westernization► Autocratic power at home

▪ Controlling the Church and the Nobles► Boyars were forced to serve in civilian or military► Allowed the owning of land and control over serfs

▪ Modernizing with Force► Improved education and technology► No mercy for those who resisted

Peter Expands Russia’s Borders

► Seeking a Warm-Water Port▪ Pushed to the Black Sea but met defeat from the

Ottomans► Building St. Petersburg

▪ “Window on the West”

► Peter the Great’s Legacy▪ Expanded Russia’s territory, created a mighty army▪ Use of terror to enforce his absolute power

Catherine the Great► Rise to Power

▪ Married at age 15; a group of Russian army officers murdered her husband

► An Enlightened Ruler▪ Embraced western ideas; esp. French

► A Ruthless Absolute Monarch▪ Increase stranglehold on serfs