The Age of The Age of ExpansionExpansion

Day 2Day 2

Georgia at the Georgia at the Dawn of a New CenturyDawn of a New Century

FrontierFrontier

Central & Western Parts of State =

Undeveloped

Trading Posts

Few Homesteads

Subject to Indian Attack

Clearing Land for a Farm Was Hard Work

Some One-Room Schools

TownsTowns

Vs.Vs.

Newspapers = Augusta Herald

&Gazette of the State of

Georgia

Theaters & Concerts

Debating Societies

Fancy Dress Balls

Barbeques

Camp Meetings

The Growth of The Growth of Religion in GeorgiaReligion in Georgia

Old Kiokee Baptist in Columbia

County 1772

First Baptist Church in Savannah 1833

From the earliest days in Georgia, From the earliest days in Georgia, many denominations were welcomed many denominations were welcomed and established:and established:– EpiscopaliansEpiscopalians– PresbyteriansPresbyterians– LutheranLutheran– BaptistsBaptists– Jewish Jewish – Catholics (after1796)Catholics (after1796)– MethodistsMethodists

Christ Episcopal Church in Savannah 1744

Revolutionary War practically destroyed Revolutionary War practically destroyed organized organized religion in Georgia.religion in Georgia.– Loyalist Anglican clergy left.Loyalist Anglican clergy left.– Ministers diedMinisters died– Many churches had been damaged or Many churches had been damaged or

destroyeddestroyed

Patriotic Anglicans refused to recognize Patriotic Anglicans refused to recognize the King of England as the head of the the King of England as the head of the church so they turned to the Methodist church so they turned to the Methodist church.church.

In 1783, Lyman Hall asked citizens to In 1783, Lyman Hall asked citizens to rebuild their churches.rebuild their churches.

A Protestant religious movement A Protestant religious movement called the Great Revival swept the called the Great Revival swept the South.South.

This was marked by This was marked by – Camp meetingsCamp meetings– Revivals Revivals

Methodist Camp Meeting

Shingleroof Campground, which is Shingleroof Campground, which is about 2 miles from Union Grove, was about 2 miles from Union Grove, was established by the Methodist Church established by the Methodist Church during this time. during this time.

It still operates its camp meeting It still operates its camp meeting every year.every year.

Recent camp meeting photos

The African American Baptist church The African American Baptist church was established in Savannah in 1788.was established in Savannah in 1788.

This was one of the few churches This was one of the few churches controlled completely by its controlled completely by its members.members.

First AfricanBaptist Church

Through camp meetings and revivals, Through camp meetings and revivals, thousands of Georgians, black and thousands of Georgians, black and white, were attracted and converted.white, were attracted and converted.

Church membership increased greatly Church membership increased greatly and new churches were developed- and new churches were developed- the majority of them Baptist or the majority of them Baptist or Methodist.Methodist.

Today, it is hard to find a city in Today, it is hard to find a city in Georgia without Georgia without at leastat least, one Baptist , one Baptist and one Methodist church.and one Methodist church.

At the beginning of the 18At the beginning of the 18thth century, century, many churches preached equality many churches preached equality and denounced slavery.and denounced slavery.

This would change in the 1830’s…This would change in the 1830’s… Why?Why? Stay tuned…the answers are coming!Stay tuned…the answers are coming!

EducationEducation Some people received only a few years of Some people received only a few years of

elementary education.elementary education. Often even the best farmers knew little, if Often even the best farmers knew little, if

anything, about reading or mathematics.anything, about reading or mathematics. Most of Georgia’s citizens had not been to Most of Georgia’s citizens had not been to

school at all.school at all. Governor Lyman Hall Governor Lyman Hall

recommended that the recommended that the

state set aside land for state set aside land for

schools, but few were built.schools, but few were built.

Who Attended?Who Attended? Only Wealthy Only Wealthy

MerchantsMerchants Large LandownersLarge Landowners Mostly malesMostly males Many saw no value in Many saw no value in

teaching females teaching females academic subjectsacademic subjects

Instead, girls were Instead, girls were

taught sewing, taught sewing, cooking, cooking,

child care, and musicchild care, and music

The War of 1812The War of 1812

Between 1793 and 1815, France and Between 1793 and 1815, France and Great Britain were almost always at war.Great Britain were almost always at war.

American merchants were caught in the American merchants were caught in the middle as both countries tried to block the middle as both countries tried to block the US from trading with the other.US from trading with the other.

EmbargoEmbargoPresident Thomas Jefferson President Thomas Jefferson

began an unsuccessful began an unsuccessful embargo (to stop trade with embargo (to stop trade with foreign counties).foreign counties).

Hoped this would force Great Hoped this would force Great Britain and France to change Britain and France to change their policies.their policies.

Instead, it had a disastrous Instead, it had a disastrous effect on American shipping.effect on American shipping.

War HawksWar Hawks

A group of land-hungry southerners A group of land-hungry southerners and westerners who wanted the United and westerners who wanted the United States to declare war on Great Britain.States to declare war on Great Britain.

CaptureCanada

Eliminate

British

Eliminate

British

Eliminate

Indians

War Is DeclaredWar Is Declared President James Madison declared war on President James Madison declared war on

Great Britain.Great Britain. Many Americans were uncertain that they Many Americans were uncertain that they

could defeat Great Britain.could defeat Great Britain. War lasted War lasted

about 2 years about 2 years

without a without a

winner.winner.

Battle at Fort McHenryBattle at Fort McHenry the people of Baltimore were certain that the the people of Baltimore were certain that the

British would attack the city, but were not sure British would attack the city, but were not sure when... when...

Major George Armistead, the commanding officer Major George Armistead, the commanding officer desired "to have a flag so large that the British desired "to have a flag so large that the British will have no difficulty in seeing it from a distance." will have no difficulty in seeing it from a distance."

The 30' x 42' flag was the one that The 30' x 42' flag was the one that Francis Scott Key saw on the morning of saw on the morning of September 14, 1814. September 14, 1814.

It inspired him to write the words to "It inspired him to write the words to "The Star Spangled Banner." ."

Americans were led by General Andrew Americans were led by General Andrew Jackson.Jackson.

They lost 13 men.They lost 13 men. Over 2,000 men were killed or wounded.Over 2,000 men were killed or wounded. Treaty of Ghent ended the war.Treaty of Ghent ended the war.

General Jackson was declared a national General Jackson was declared a national hero.hero.

After the WarAfter the War US got no new land.US got no new land. It showed that they were willing to fight It showed that they were willing to fight

for continued independence.for continued independence. Separate states began to truly feel Separate states began to truly feel

united.united. When Americans could not get goods When Americans could not get goods

from overseas, they were forced to make from overseas, they were forced to make their own.their own.

By 1815, they could supply their own By 1815, they could supply their own needs.needs.

iron

textiles wood glassware

leather pottery