The Age of Napoleon

Mr. Heaps

World History

World History Shorts Review: Napoleon• Use the shorts lesson to answer the following

questions:

– Why was Napoleon able to overthrow the Directory?

– What is a coup d'état?

– Why was Napoleon well respected in the French Army?

– Napoleon established a set of laws in France that be came known as what?

– Napoleon named himself _________ of France, as he planned to build a Grand Empire.

– Using his Grand Army, piece by piece, Napoleon was able to take control of most of __________.

Napoleon’s most famous domestic achievement was his codification of the laws. Napoleon established 7 codes of law, the most important being the Civil Code, also known as the Napoleonic Code.

The Napoleonic Code

Equality ofcitizens before the law

Abolition ofSerfdom &Feudalism

Right of Indiv. to choose profession

Property rightsCarefully protected

Harder to divorce For women

ReligiousToleration

Use text page 347 to ID 6 provisions of the Napoleonic Code.

Napoleon’s Early Life

• Facts: (page 345, 346)– Napoleon was born on the Island of ________.

(see map)– Young Napoleon attended __________ school in

France, which led to his commission in the French Army.

– He was not well liked by his fellow officers because he was _________, spoke with an __________ accent, and had little __________.

– Napoleon was highly educated in the works of the ___________ as well as great _________ leaders of the past and their campaigns.

Corsica

military

shortItalian money

Philosophes military

Napoleon & The French Revolution

•Napoleon experienced the radical _________ of the Revolution & Reign of Terror first-hand.

•Seeking ____________ in the military, he vowed his _________ to the new Revolutionary government.

violence

advancementloyalty

Napoleon’s Military Successes

• Napoleon became a ________ in the French army at age 22, and then became brigadier _________ by the C.O.P.S. at the age of only ______.

• Napoleon was made commander of the French armies in ________ where he used speed, deception, & surprise to win a series of victories.

Captain

General

24

Italy

Characteristics that helped Napoleon influence and win the support of his men

(page 346)

High Energy

Characteristics of Napoleon that

made himsuccessful

KeenIntelligence

Ability to Make Quick

decisions

Supremeconfidence in himself

charm

Ease with words

The Dictatorship Begins: Napoleon Becomes Emperor of France

Video Clip: The Dictatorship Begin

The Consulate

• In 1799, in a ___________, Napoleon overthrew the government of the Directory. He was only ____ years old at the time.

• He proclaimed a new government called the ___________ and named himself _________, or chief magistrate of the French Government.

• What is a consul or magistrate?

• The consulate was theoretically a republic, but Napoleon had ____________ power.

coup d'état30

Consulate consul

A civil officer with power to administer and enforce law.

absolute

Napoleon: The Despot

• As first consul, Napoleon controlled the entire ____________. – He appointed members of the ________________.– Bureaucracy-

– He controlled the _________.– He conducted ___________ affairs.– He influenced the _____________.

• In 1802, Napoleon was made ________ for life. Two years later, at his coronation, he took the crown from the pope and crowned himself __________ Napoleon I of France.

governmentbureaucracy

A body of non-elective gov’t officials; an administrative policy making group.

armyforeign

legislatureconsul

Emperor

Napoleon: ‘Preserver of the Revolution’?

• French Revolutionaries had hoped for liberty by means of a __________, but instead what they got was a military ___________ in the form of Napoleon.

• Although Napoleon was a _________ (having absolute power), he claimed that he had preserved the gains of the revolution for the French people.

• By looking at Napoleon’s ___________ policies, we can see how Napoleon preserved some of the ideals of the revolution.

Republicdictator

despot

domestic

Peace with the Church

• One of Napoleon’s first moves at home was to establish peace with the _________ enemy of the Revolution, the _________ Church.

• Napoleon had no ___________ faith. He was an 18th century believer in _________ who saw religion at most as a ___________.

• Most French people were _________, so to restore stability to France, Napoleon made an agreement with the Pope that Catholicism would be the religion of the majority of France.

• In turn, the pope agreed not to ask for the _________ of church lands that had been seized during the revolution.

oldestCatholic

religiousreason

convenience

Catholic

return

Napoleon’s most famous domestic achievement was his codification of the laws. Napoleon established 7 codes of law, the most important being the Civil Code, also known as the Napoleonic Code.

The Napoleonic Code

Equality ofcitizens before the law

Abolition ofSerfdom &Feudalism

Right of Indiv. to choose profession

Property rightsCarefully protected

Harder to divorce For women

ReligiousToleration

Use text page 347 to ID 6 provisions of the Napoleonic Code.

A New Bureaucracy• Napoleon, developed a powerful, centralized

____________.

• He worked hard to develop a bureaucracy of _________ officials.

• Promotion in civil or military offices was to be based not on _______ or ________ rights, but on _______ (ability) only.

• Opening _________ careers to individuals based on their ability was one change the ________ class had wanted before the revolution.

• Napoleon created a new ____________ based on merit in the state service. The old regime’s aristocracy had been only those of exceptional rank, privilege of birth right, or wealth.

governmentcapable

rank birth talent

governmentmiddle

aristocracy

Despotism replaces Liberty

• In several ways Napoleon had _________ the gains of the revolution, but when it came to Freedom of __________, Napoleon was a true _________.

• Napoleon shut down _____ of 73 newspapers in France, insisting that all manuscripts be subjected to _________ scrutiny (examination) before they were published.

• Even the mail was opened by governmental _________.

• Read People in History @ bottom of p. 348. Who was Anne-Louise-Germaine de Stael?

preserved

press despot

60

government

police

Building the Empire

• When Napoleon became consul, who was France at war with? _______________________________

• What did Napoleon achieve in 1802? Did it last?

• In 1803, war was renewed with what country? What countries joined in against France?

• Which armies above was Napoleon able to defeat?

• Napoleon’s defeat of these armies led to the creation of a new order in Europe, it was called the _________ ________.

Russia, Gr. Britain, Austria

He achieved a peace treaty with these countries; NO.

Gr. Britain; Austria, Russia, Sweden, & Prussia.

Austrian, Prussian, & Russian

GrandEmpire

Napoleon’s Grand Empire: the French Empire, dependent states, allied states

Spreading the Principles of the Revolution

• Read the section at the bottom right of p. 348 along with the quote from Napoleon to his brother Jerome at the bottom of page 348. Identify some of the Enlightened revolutionary ideals that Napoleon stated that he wanted throughout his empire:–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Commoners should have same right to public employment as nobles. (promotion based on talent)Serfdom & inferiority of lower class should be abolished.Publicity of judicial procedureCreation of juriesBe a constitutional kingNo special privileges for clergy & noblesReligious toleration

Survival of Great Britain• Napoleon hoped his Empire would last for

___________, however it crumbled almost as rapidly as it was formed.

• One reason for this collapse was the survival of Great Britain due to its superiority as a ____ power.

• Napoleon had planned to ________ Britain. He had collected ships in order to do so, but after a crushing French-Spanish naval defeat at the Battle of ____________ off the southern coast of Spain, he new he could not do so.

• This British victory ensured that ___________ would never invade Britain.

centuries

sea

invade

Trafalgar

Napoleon

Napoleon’s Continental System

• The aim of the Continental System was to stop _______ goods from reaching the European Continent. This would ___________ destroy Britain’s ability to wage war.

British

economically

Nationalism

• Nationalism is the unique cultural identity of a people based on common __________, religious beliefs, and ___________ symbols.

• The French Revolution & Napoleon’s spread of revolutionary ideas in Europe aroused ____________ in Europe in two ways:

1. The French were hated as _______________ because of Napoleon’s conquests. This hatred stirred the ______________ of others against the French.

2. The American & French ____________ had shown the rest of Europe what a nation in arms could do.

languagenational

nationalismoppressors

patriotism

Revolutions

The Fall of Napoleon• The _________ had refused to remain in the Continental

System, leaving Napoleon no choice but to invade. (Why did he have no choice?)

Military Disaster: Napoleon Invades Russia

Russians

Napoleon’s Exiles & Final Defeat

Napoleon’s Final Exile & Death

3 Ways Napoleon Changed the World

Napoleon’s creation of

the Civil Code, or Napoleonic Code.

Napoleon’s Invasion of

Spain

The LouisianaPurchase

CAUSE EFFECT

Enlightened Revolutionaryideals (equality, freedom)

were spread throughout Europe

Weakened Spanish gov’tleading to Spanish

colonies in Latin Americagaining independence

Transformed the U.S. intonear-continental size.

The U.S. eventuallybecomes a great

world power.