The Agricultural revolutionThe Agricultural revolution1700’s - Enclosure movement- Wealthy 1700’s - Enclosure movement- Wealthy

landowners buy out smaller farmers and landowners buy out smaller farmers and putting up fences/hedges around their putting up fences/hedges around their properties, properties, • more land available, farmers experiment with more land available, farmers experiment with

farming techniques. farming techniques. • More efficient seed planting, crop rotation, More efficient seed planting, crop rotation,

different crops on a field each year so that the different crops on a field each year so that the soil stays good.soil stays good.

• Smaller farmers were forced to move to the Smaller farmers were forced to move to the cities to look for work.cities to look for work.

• Livestock breeding improved, they only to Livestock breeding improved, they only to breed the best.breed the best.

• Food supply increases, standard of living Food supply increases, standard of living increases = population increasesincreases = population increases

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution begins in Britain because they Industrial Revolution begins in Britain because they

have many natural resources. Including:have many natural resources. Including: Harbors for tradeHarbors for trade Inland rivers for transportationInland rivers for transportation Water powerWater power Coal/ iron oreCoal/ iron ore

They also had:They also had: An expanding economy with investors willing to An expanding economy with investors willing to

invest money in businessinvest money in business Large banking system available to provide loansLarge banking system available to provide loans Political stability, and govt that supports business Political stability, and govt that supports business

through lawsthrough laws Large trade networkLarge trade network

Textile Industry-Textile Industry- the 1st industry to be affectedthe 1st industry to be affected New innovations inspire people to create New innovations inspire people to create

and improve old ways (cottage industry), and improve old ways (cottage industry), inventions build off each otherinventions build off each other

Weaving is improved with a new “flying Weaving is improved with a new “flying shuttle” and thread making by the spinning shuttle” and thread making by the spinning jenny. Need factories to put machines.jenny. Need factories to put machines.

Water frame invented to run the machines Water frame invented to run the machines through water power. through water power.

Cotton Gin (from America cleans to cotton Cotton Gin (from America cleans to cotton and saves lots of time)and saves lots of time)

TransportationTransportation The steam engine- easy source of powerThe steam engine- easy source of power The steam boat- can move people and products The steam boat- can move people and products

much more easilymuch more easily Roads improved because of better designRoads improved because of better design 1820’s the Railroad is invented, by the 1830’s it 1820’s the Railroad is invented, by the 1830’s it

was revolutionizing Britainwas revolutionizing Britain• Easy way to ship materials and products to new marketsEasy way to ship materials and products to new markets• Creates thousands of jobsCreates thousands of jobs• Made travel easier, vacation far awayMade travel easier, vacation far away• Could transport food fast enough that it doesn’t spoilCould transport food fast enough that it doesn’t spoil

Urban Growth- urbanizationUrban Growth- urbanization Movement of people to the cities- city populations Movement of people to the cities- city populations

more than doubled between 1800-1850 more than doubled between 1800-1850 Factories often developed in clusters around Factories often developed in clusters around

natural resources (coal, iron ore mines, natural resources (coal, iron ore mines, waterways, ect.)waterways, ect.)

The poor working classThe poor working class Living conditions in the cities were often horrible Living conditions in the cities were often horrible

with trash and sewer lining the streets. Cramped, with trash and sewer lining the streets. Cramped, dirty, dark living spaces contained a majority of dirty, dark living spaces contained a majority of the population, sometimes not even that was the population, sometimes not even that was available.available.

Sickness was wide spreadSickness was wide spread Life expectancy fell as low as 17 yearsLife expectancy fell as low as 17 years Working conditions- worked 12-14 hour days, 6 Working conditions- worked 12-14 hour days, 6

days a week. Machines were unsafe, factory days a week. Machines were unsafe, factory usually not well lit and dirty. Pollution poured into usually not well lit and dirty. Pollution poured into the air, water and groundthe air, water and ground

Response from the lower classResponse from the lower class Luddites smash machines that they think put Luddites smash machines that they think put

them out of workthem out of work Riots in the streetsRiots in the streets

The middle class/ high classThe middle class/ high class Increasing middle class/upper class made of merchants, Increasing middle class/upper class made of merchants,

business owners.business owners.• Eventually a lower middle class emerges of doctors, Eventually a lower middle class emerges of doctors,

lawyers, managers, skilled workers,lawyers, managers, skilled workers, Money was pouring into the countryMoney was pouring into the country Built homes in the suburbs (outside of town)Built homes in the suburbs (outside of town) Social distinction between the two wealthy social Social distinction between the two wealthy social

classes- landowners and aristocrats looked down on classes- landowners and aristocrats looked down on those who made their fortune in the business world.those who made their fortune in the business world.

Positive effects-Positive effects- Created jobsCreated jobs Increased technology and innovationIncreased technology and innovation Creation of goods Creation of goods Increase in standard of livingIncrease in standard of living Increased wealth of the nationIncreased wealth of the nation Overall healthier dietOverall healthier diet Cheaper and better clothing and housingCheaper and better clothing and housing

Industrialization spreads to the U.S.Industrialization spreads to the U.S. War of 1812 with the British (blockade from War of 1812 with the British (blockade from

international trade) forces the U.S. to begin its own international trade) forces the U.S. to begin its own industries.industries.

America also rich in natural resourcesAmerica also rich in natural resources Also began in the textile industry with the help of an Also began in the textile industry with the help of an

immigrant from Britain.immigrant from Britain. Many women from surrounding rural areas came to Many women from surrounding rural areas came to

work in the textile mills.work in the textile mills. Biggest industrial boom after the Civil war in 1865.Biggest industrial boom after the Civil war in 1865.

• Electric light bulbElectric light bulb• TelephoneTelephone• Railroads expand to crisscross the nationRailroads expand to crisscross the nation• Corporations are born- companies in which you can Corporations are born- companies in which you can

by stock inby stock in• Big business starts to take over- control entire Big business starts to take over- control entire

industries, smaller businesses are pushed outindustries, smaller businesses are pushed out

Industrialization moves to Industrialization moves to continental Europecontinental Europe

French Revolution and Napoleon destroyed trade, French Revolution and Napoleon destroyed trade, economies and invention until the 1820’s, slowing economies and invention until the 1820’s, slowing Europe attempts to join in industryEurope attempts to join in industry

British ideas first move to Belgium, also rich in British ideas first move to Belgium, also rich in coal, iron and waterways, soon to follow with coal, iron and waterways, soon to follow with machinery, steam engines and railways.machinery, steam engines and railways.

Germany bought machines from Britain and sent Germany bought machines from Britain and sent their children to school there. Germany quickly their children to school there. Germany quickly grew into an industrial giant by the end of the grew into an industrial giant by the end of the 1800’s spurring its military power.1800’s spurring its military power.

Throughout Europe small pockets of industry Throughout Europe small pockets of industry arose, many nations ran into difficulty with arose, many nations ran into difficulty with geography and transportation, social class and geography and transportation, social class and uncooperative governments.uncooperative governments.

Long Term consequencesLong Term consequences

Balance of power shifts to industrialized Balance of power shifts to industrialized countriescountries

Non- industrialized countries become Non- industrialized countries become poorerpoorer

“ “ “ “ are seen as less important or are seen as less important or worthy of self-governmentworthy of self-government

Begins search overseas of natural Begins search overseas of natural resources- leads to Imperialism- seizing resources- leads to Imperialism- seizing colonies for their resourcescolonies for their resources

Increase in middle class creates more Increase in middle class creates more educational opportunities and more educational opportunities and more participation in governmentparticipation in government