the allied victory chapter 16.4
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The Allied Victory Chapter 16.4. The Allied Victory. December 22, 1941 Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt meet to develop a war policy. Stalin had asked for help to split Germany into 2 separate fronts. The Tide Turns on Two Fronts. The North African Campaign - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Allied VictoryChapter 16.4
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The Allied Victory
December 22, 1941
Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt meet to develop a war policy. Stalin had asked for help to split Germany into 2 separate fronts.
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The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
• The North African Campaign– Rommel takes Tobruk, Libya June 1942;
pushes toward Egypt– British General Montgomery fiercely
attacks at El Alamein, forces Rommel back and retreated west
– American forces land in Morocco, November 1942 – Operation Torch
– General Dwight D. Eisenhower – American commander in Morocco
– In May 1943, Rommel’s forces were defeated by Eisenhower and Montgomery’s forces
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The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
The Battle for Stalingrad– Summer 1942, German army moves
to capture Soviet oil fields – August 23, 1942, Battle of Stalingrad –
Soviets, Germans battle for control of city
• Luftwaffe – nightly bombing raids on city• By November – Germans controlled 90%
of city – but then were surrounded and trapped
• By February 1943 90,000 frost bitten Germans surrendered
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The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
• The Invasion of Italy– U.S., British forces land
on, capture Sicily on July 19, 1943
– Mussolini loses power but Germans keep control of northern Italy
• Victor Emanuel III had him arrested
– Allies invade Italy, but Germans keep fighting there until war ends
– Italy surrenders September 3, 1943
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The Allied Home Front
Mobilizing for War in US– Fighting the war requires complete use of all national
resources– 17 to 18 million US workers – many of them women –
make weapons– People at home face shortages of consumer goods – Propaganda aims to inspire civilians to aid war effort
War Limits Civil Rights– Japanese Americans face prejudice, fear– Army puts Japanese Americans in interment camps in
1942
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US Mobilization
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WW2 in The Bay Area
Shipbuilding, liberty ships.Supply the Pacific theater with ammunition, food and other supplies.Headquarters for Army, Navy.Massive increase in population•Opportunities for minorities & women.
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Japanese Internment
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Japanese Internment
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442nd Infantry RegimentJapanese American Regiment
Most decorated regiment in WW2
21 Medals of Honor
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Victory in Europe
• The D-Day Invasion– Allies plan invasion of France; use deception
to confuse Germans– D-Day – June 6,1944; day of “Operation
Overlord” invasion of France– Allied forces capture Normandy beaches;
liberate Paris by September
• The Battle of the Bulge– US, British forces advance on Germany from
west, Soviets from east– Battle of the Bulge – German counterattack
in December 1944– Germans gain early success but forced to
retreat
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Battle of the Bulge, December 1944
• Last German offensive of the war
• Try to breakthrough Allied lines, cutoff supplies
• Germans are pushed back after initial successes
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Victory In Europe
Germany’s Unconditional Surrender
• By 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from two sides
• Soviets surrounded Berlin in April 1945
Hitler commits suicide• On May 9, 1945, Germany
officially surrender.• President Roosevelt dies in
April; Harry Truman becomes President
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Soviets Take Berlin, April, 1945
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Victory in the PacificThe Japanese in Retreat
– Allies move to retake the Philippines in late 1944
– Battle of Leyte Gulf leaves Japanese navy badly damaged
– Kamikazes – Japanese pilots who fly suicide missions.
– In March 1945, American forces capture Iwo Jima.
– US takes Okinawa in June 1945; Japan suffers huge casualties.
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Island Hopping
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Victory in the Pacific
The Japanese Surrender• Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan
will cost many lives• He has alternative; powerful new weapon
called atomic bomb• Manhattan Project – secret program to
develop the atomic bomb
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– Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945; about 75,000 die
– Nagasaki bombed on August 9; 70,000 die immediately
– Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945 on the battleship Missouri
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