The American The American RevolutionRevolution

Americans DividedAmericans Divided

Not all colonists supported the Not all colonists supported the idea of independence.idea of independence.

About 20% of the American About 20% of the American colonists were Loyalistscolonists were Loyalists

About 40% of the American About 40% of the American colonists were Patriots colonists were Patriots

About 40% of the American About 40% of the American colonists were Neutralcolonists were Neutral

Washington’s strategyWashington’s strategy

To keep the Continental Army in To keep the Continental Army in the fieldthe field

Washington knew that if his army Washington knew that if his army was defeated and captured by was defeated and captured by the British that the war would be the British that the war would be over.over.

Washington’s strategyWashington’s strategy

Any time he engaged the British Any time he engaged the British he always had an escape plan in he always had an escape plan in mind for his army in case he was mind for his army in case he was defeated.defeated.

Britain’s StrategyBritain’s Strategy

To seize the Hudson River ValleyTo seize the Hudson River Valley

If successful they would cut off If successful they would cut off New England from the other New England from the other colonies.colonies.

Britain’s StrategyBritain’s Strategy

It called for three armies to meet It called for three armies to meet in Albany, New York. in Albany, New York.

2 armies from Canada and 2 armies from Canada and General Howe and his army from General Howe and his army from New York.New York.

Battle of TrentonBattle of Trenton

Washington knew he needed a Washington knew he needed a big victory because most of the big victory because most of the army enlistment duty ended army enlistment duty ended December 31st. December 31st.

Late on December 25, 1776 he Late on December 25, 1776 he decided to attack a British force decided to attack a British force made up of Hessian mercenaries. made up of Hessian mercenaries.

Battle of TrentonBattle of Trenton

Washington and his men crossed Washington and his men crossed the Delaware River early on the the Delaware River early on the morning of the 26th.morning of the 26th.

The Hessians were surprised by The Hessians were surprised by the attack and not able to put up the attack and not able to put up much resistance.much resistance.

With this victory most of the army With this victory most of the army reenlisted reenlisted

Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga

British General Howe did not British General Howe did not meet his other armies in Albany, meet his other armies in Albany, instead he attacked instead he attacked Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

The Americans were able to The Americans were able to surround the British and force surround the British and force them to surrenderthem to surrender

Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga

This is the turning point in the This is the turning point in the warwar

It caused European nations to It caused European nations to think that the Americans might think that the Americans might have a chance to win the war. have a chance to win the war.

Because of this several European Because of this several European nations agreed to help Americanations agreed to help America

Help from AbroadHelp from Abroad

King Louis XVIKing Louis XVI signed two signed two treaties of alliance with the treaties of alliance with the United StatesUnited States

France sent aid in the form of :France sent aid in the form of :

1. money1. money

2. supplies2. supplies

3. troops3. troops

Valley ForgeValley Forge

Washington’s winter camp for Washington’s winter camp for 1777-17781777-1778

Very difficult time; not enough Very difficult time; not enough food or warm clothingfood or warm clothing

Valley ForgeValley Forge

This is where Baron von Steuben This is where Baron von Steuben helped train the armyhelped train the army

He taught them how to drill and He taught them how to drill and function as one unitfunction as one unit

War at SeaWar at Sea

The US had a very small navyThe US had a very small navy John Paul Jones was the best known John Paul Jones was the best known

and most successful commanderand most successful commander

a. His ship was the a. His ship was the Bonhomme RichardBonhomme Richard

b. He defeated the British war b. He defeated the British war ship ship SerapisSerapis in the most famous in the most famous

naval battle of the warnaval battle of the war

American Tactics in the American Tactics in the SouthSouth

surprise hit and run attacks on surprise hit and run attacks on enemy supply lines or guerrilla enemy supply lines or guerrilla tactics were used.tactics were used.

both patriots and loyalists used both patriots and loyalists used these tactics these tactics

Battle of YorktownBattle of Yorktown

Cornwallis and the Southern Cornwallis and the Southern British army were trapped in British army were trapped in Yorktown by Washington’s army Yorktown by Washington’s army and the French naval fleetand the French naval fleet

American and French forces American and French forces bombarded the fort with cannon bombarded the fort with cannon firefire

Battle of YorktownBattle of Yorktown

Cornwallis surrendered Cornwallis surrendered

Last major battle of the American Last major battle of the American Revolution Revolution

Why the Americans won the Why the Americans won the warwar

1. Better leadership1. Better leadership 2. Foreign Aid2. Foreign Aid 3. Knowledge of the land3. Knowledge of the land 4. Motivation4. Motivation

Treaty of Paris (1783)Treaty of Paris (1783)

ended the American Revolution ended the American Revolution (America won)(America won)

6 conditions:6 conditions: 1. The US was independent1. The US was independent 2. Boundaries would be the 2. Boundaries would be the Mississippi R. on the west, Mississippi R. on the west, Canada on the north, and Canada on the north, and Spanish Florida on the southSpanish Florida on the south

Treaty of Paris (1783)Treaty of Paris (1783)

3. US got the right to fish off Canada’s 3. US got the right to fish off Canada’s Atlantic CoastAtlantic Coast

4. Each would repay debts it owed the 4. Each would repay debts it owed the other other

5. The British were to return any 5. The British were to return any enslaved persons it had capturedenslaved persons it had captured

6. Congress would recommend 6. Congress would recommend property taken from loyalists would property taken from loyalists would be returned.be returned.

Costs of the WarCosts of the War

an estimated 25,700 Americans an estimated 25,700 Americans died during the wardied during the war

an estimated 10,000 British an estimated 10,000 British soldiers were killed soldiers were killed

A New Form of A New Form of GovernmentGovernment

Republicanism – instead of a Republicanism – instead of a king, the people would rule; king, the people would rule; government would obtain its government would obtain its authority from the citizens and authority from the citizens and be responsible to thembe responsible to them