The American Work The American Work ForceForce

What conditions faced the worker in the early What conditions faced the worker in the early stages of industrialization? Response?stages of industrialization? Response?

http://www.teacheroz.com/19thcent.htmhttp://www.teacheroz.com/19thcent.htm

Basic EconmicsBasic Econmics

Science of production: capital, labor Science of production: capital, labor consumption and distribution of consumption and distribution of goods and servicesgoods and services

What is the task of the market?What is the task of the market? Producers top priority?Producers top priority? Workers concerns?Workers concerns? Insecurities?Insecurities? Is an equilibrium in interests possibleIs an equilibrium in interests possible

Colonial Labor Colonial Labor

Agrarian dominancy in 1776Agrarian dominancy in 1776 Aristocrats and ProfessionalsAristocrats and Professionals Mercantile interestsMercantile interests Craftsmen, artisans, mechanicsCraftsmen, artisans, mechanics Laborers and LandlessLaborers and Landless Servants and SlavesServants and Slaves

Labor in Age of MachinesLabor in Age of Machines

Implementing New TechnologiesImplementing New Technologies Farmers and Shopkeepers No MoreFarmers and Shopkeepers No More Sciences of Business and EconomicsSciences of Business and Economics Scientific Management PrinciplesScientific Management Principles Demise of Artisans (Carnegie’s Pa)Demise of Artisans (Carnegie’s Pa) David Ricardo: David Ricardo:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_wahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_wagesges

Southern Critic: Wage Slavery & Southern Critic: Wage Slavery & DependencyDependency

Conditions facing WorkersConditions facing Workers

Low wages and lack of controlLow wages and lack of control Excessive work hoursExcessive work hours Dangerous conditionsDangerous conditions Women and Child LaborWomen and Child Labor http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/

childlabor/childlabor/ Job security? Job security? Poverty, squalor and citiesPoverty, squalor and cities Courts, Military and Owners AlliedCourts, Military and Owners Allied

ImmigrationImmigration The Variable Cost of BusinessThe Variable Cost of Business Irish and Potato Famine: 1 MilIrish and Potato Famine: 1 Mil German Revolt: 19German Revolt: 19thth Century: 6 Mil Century: 6 Mil http://http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marxwww.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx// SW Europe post Civil War: 20 milSW Europe post Civil War: 20 mil The Chinese ExperienceThe Chinese Experience The Uprooted: Their Story The Uprooted: Their Story http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/19http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/19

98/summer/women-and-naturalization-1.html98/summer/women-and-naturalization-1.html Bewilderment: Industry & UrbanizationBewilderment: Industry & Urbanization

Justification of WealthJustification of Wealth Divine Providence: Rockefeller SaysDivine Providence: Rockefeller Says Protestant Work EthicProtestant Work Ethic Social Darwinism & Survival of FitSocial Darwinism & Survival of Fit Charles Darwin & Herbert SpencerCharles Darwin & Herbert Spencer http://http://

www.victorianweb.org/philosophy/socdar.hwww.victorianweb.org/philosophy/socdar.htmltml

Socio Economic Order: Natural LawSocio Economic Order: Natural Law Carnegie’s Gospel of WealthCarnegie’s Gospel of Wealth http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5767/http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5767/ Paragon of Progress?Paragon of Progress?

The Labor MovementThe Labor Movement

Working Class Consciousness and The Working Class Consciousness and The National Labor UnionNational Labor Union

Trade Unionism from EnglandTrade Unionism from England Highlights: Highlights:

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAthttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAtu.htmu.htm

Knights of Labor & AFL 8 Hour DayKnights of Labor & AFL 8 Hour Day Bread and Butter UnionismBread and Butter Unionism Mining, Steel, Rail & Workingman’sMining, Steel, Rail & Workingman’s IWW, Socialists, Utopians & RadicalsIWW, Socialists, Utopians & Radicals

Labor v. CapitalLabor v. Capital

1881-1905 over 36K strikes1881-1905 over 36K strikes The Molly Maguires: The Molly Maguires:

http://www.lehigh.edu/~ineng/paw/paw-http://www.lehigh.edu/~ineng/paw/paw-history.htm history.htm

The Haymarket AffairThe Haymarket Affair Pullman StrikePullman Strike Carnegie/Frick and Homestead: Carnegie/Frick and Homestead:

http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/strikes.hthttp://projects.vassar.edu/1896/strikes.htmlml

Public Perceptions, The State & MediaPublic Perceptions, The State & Media

Beyond UnionizationBeyond Unionization

The Theory of the Leisure ClassThe Theory of the Leisure Class Henry George and the Single TaxHenry George and the Single Tax http://www.henrygeorge.org/http://www.henrygeorge.org/

denigris.htmdenigris.htm Edward Bellamy: Looking BackwardsEdward Bellamy: Looking Backwards The Robber Barons AnalogyThe Robber Barons Analogy World War I: ArmisticeWorld War I: Armistice Heavens Weep DocumentaryHeavens Weep Documentary