the amfrican catholic press and the i ssues of … · the amfrican catholic press and the i ssues...

THE AMFRICAN CATHOLIC PRESS AND THE I SSUES OF CRISI S,

SEP m mER , 1938-SEPTEYil3ER , 19 39 :

A SELECTED STUDY

by

Sandra Collins, A.B.

A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of t he Graduate School, ~~quette University in

Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for t he Degr ee

.';' "

of Master of Arts

Milwaukee, Wisconsin May, 1966

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ACKNG ~-J" ~J)aT~r'!V N fl'(,

It; "ol""mot ~~no ~i 1. ~ cil:;rr~ n i rll) ':; t f..'C to !): ,Jilliur. D •. 1{i..Um:', lv;.y a<...lvi-

roOr en t..td.!'I l roject . '" :'It,!$ boon, as al",,,wl'J, l;t ~:ourco of':nwl1oc·t" 01 stitlu"

1 Olt:l.on m:1dr;or al <m\)our- ~('tl'i'.ont ..

t'~>l\! t hJ.s is :u. ii'lf' timo -I:,(') (t·':::Or'~(l(,,! roy on'lt'eci' ti · in to all til

"",mbr's 0; U-.G 'll:-.tot"'Y de.,m"t;:v'ot \oImG.:'9 t;'<JIi ,;tt;(;:-,p1..~ 1:,0 be tt '1.' mv.:!ul'!'lt ·n,: till:>

, t'.l"t,ion ro~;h h:l·-t ory h:tVa eontir:ila.Uy, "vY-"!'Ol!(,jwut this pt':)::.t' \~ ,

,:o!'c-::cl :~,:? to (iltr",tch r·w mind l'It:'111,-1' than 1 tm,eht otl'.('Z",'1"o hGve done . ':'.'10:'

!l:(l,'t'\,' 'or 't'le nU"''''lti ')n$' ~ . 'm"'.1 ... nm;.:~rs h('il'im'!!'l,':', X t.hin'.: , ~l

lf1O !~t, ~::.:citinG of u"i.ch t~do nnper- i:i1 on(ll indic: ,~tj.'Jh~

iitlnlly, ! \rrl.I'J)'I ttl tht!I1X t ne !1i,~t~lI'll de!,;)rtmOllt f:)f.' Hllo\'i1~t': fit' to

n~'· 'i. t'J r;j.¢I'oflll"l l'lIlCh1na~, th~·:roh.v :.>liovd.n;· tZli, "..x)1"k to !"X'OCIY{.! rJO th I'!OT'.,

,1Jic1dy .am) in fm- rOl"'O OOUl~e(~hal ~Jtmos 11 •. tow '<nuld other'uim;:, rlftVfl been

T' .... ····,~ ble ,;.01 .... ... , "

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TAl3U~ OF O)lI1'1'ENtS

Page

Aeknowledgt!l,m~nt" .' .• • • , • • .. '. • • ., • •••• .. • .. • '. •• • 11

lRtroodnetiob ,j > .. . '. .. ... . . .. • •• • . - . '. ..' ., " " • . .. 1

Chapter I. A. Background o,£' the l?flt'i()d and the PapOl"s '. ... •• § •• .. ~ 9

Xl. The Issue otthe 'W'ar .. .) .. -•• , tit .... ' ••• ' •• 21

nl~ AJlfJlr1ean C,atholies and lLlU"Op~al'l Oictat.ors .. .. ••• • • • ,.0> 32:

:IV. The Mad,s" 1.'l:leJ$'If$ and tn. Amerlcan Cathc>liOs '. .. • • t • '" h2

V. Nazism. litulNatltot Democtaey ., ., · •• . t ' . , •• " ,· .. .... . 56

Vl . $paint 1'he ~odl'My,s ~ the St:ac;! Guys I' • !to ...... " • u 66

Conclusion ••• .. .. .. .. . ' .. ' .. .. ' ... .. .."., ~80

m.blioS:r(llp~ .. '. ' it •

" . ., ~ • i • • .. ". e, • • ;. .

. ' , . . ' • . '< . 64

" .. ~ ... ~ ~

1

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D."1t'tO!1t1C'!"l Ot#

stud'~& of t h(l Ol'llunil:~,(j1),t<OD~u" ~tr'l.}ttir0 of CllthollE:}3.~ in ~~Jrl~~ffir0

n~i?WfJ"O. &~(il:t'. li4th f c.;w Q';r.efJp tiotHti-, t-h~HJ)~ '\~tlr'llf) deli! utt.n t fi'l& gW6~th Cit

d10<;:~'~$f tM '(};!l-"t~.lop~n t oi' char! tI.1bla Ql"~tun1~u~ti~tM'; and of t t11;1 p~eb:11l11

~OOC('d, ~1!i~l'J). ~~ 1t!ttltVitd1.t$l ,~:r'ican C.w~Uea th.~!f .l,dU(i ..\U"'Q tl'ltHi l!l . U,9u.

,SlUt l't"ica't~ or ct'(ll~~,tou!iJ, '$)/ho CQrlt<l'ib1Ji:iid t.o t h,e e:~t~h1!t~\:t:nt of t,1llae

3t.rud~i:· '3$ ", I tH'lgl ll4 n'~;)'!§ ~ tlb tttotle:e t~Jl1 Q.1'OO, OaUlol:ltl$~ hils b.(~(:m a

grant $'I10e~&$ in 1:\!Ii~l!'t(ta.l

toon :U1 19.55 F~thtlr J,Qbn ft'i1~ ~Q.U3 de.llya:lI'~ ill :paj">e%' ~t st. IJ,) \)i~

tQ. t:..~~ Cat~,U¢ Oo.l\ll.tIlt~$iM On !ht~ll~*i;il, !iU:l.dCul tw-{ll Aft,~i''$." His tl~'Pe'r

deal. f , 'W1~ ~!£Il'l(1.aD Cathol i c!! and tile 1t1t¢l'Ur;;e tlilal lUll! ~d 'h19 ilt~!ilt¥m~

w (Jashed a 1~8"'SU~~~i!'!$t>$sd Ct'1ttci~ of . t riOi!itJ e~1.~~l;i fd. !:.1\r. by At.1e.1:"1¢~t.\

r.ntJ'tl)l::i.c::t. Ellis $tl.id in p.-;t''t:

th", 'Iil'Qa~~$'t; ~.~t ~,f t,h.1it Gbut 'on ~ this Gl))~t)1'&y U~~ in i til t ui'l ure W p¥"oduae 1'l'iiltiQ<ntlti l {ll(.lcdet'$ Qnd W ®)l.¢o;1itt~~mlltIDdb~ itlflll~l<)¢ iii'! ~,'''" teUectul\ll <1irolea" ~l:f thb at ~. tiM t·./ixetl' t im, nUllbl'lr'~f Catbol1cl'! in tb~~ Uei.~ ~*\~$ 1.3 SI~.w~~ onlq btfJ'IQae i ft ~as:tl ami I ta;}.}' ~nd th~i1' tJ.iIi!l'brialt~'Qj:'''tl8 ~1'~ ~~~p~a'bl:r :$UJ,ifR'i13¥' 10 ,t"J)~· of ;;\nY' o 'togt' 'branCh of t he unb'",ro.a'l. ~hut'¢:b.. '.'

!hen;tnEl'~th Cetlt'<lry' ud t!lt~ 11,:rst d~~e~s .of t he- pI'eean.t. eent'Ul"Y' produc~d an. el'fl:.iiln'tiaUy .. ~te l rd:t.y tt'l~'t 'M~ little ~fllntt"i't>id'lilti,oo¢n th$if.t" ~~. l~o~ndt.h~· uat"f'€ll$.'U$l.)"' gllln~~OU9 l"~.&1po.!'l~\\} iD l'!alrt~ri~l. litUl"t'lQ~t to Cl1i ~o11:C): oaumfi1P, p:t"O~~\\H~OO to the_ by t ho {ll~1"ftV.)

'sJOM 'TflQ,¢J! Etu.Jn~ Ji~,t' .m l.):eU~<l$ , ,!n ~1,3:l!':t:o~n Cb·'t}l»;l.i.o,lSllt (i'!~t,it1Or(» Ualie.otl" 196),: V~ 6li! . . .. " . .. --. , .. .. . i ·

2

JUto clw..f<.~d hie 1'G110w Ct.4tJl~ics wd.-th liQi~ tJ_sa1.V<!IS to a ftft'e

qu~tJ.JI ael.£- mwSEl'd, gbetto j',llCtltality .,.n H~ h$lie~ tb~ answer to t he lae\it . ..

Q!1. A.~Yi09n aeb1QV~nt lq l1irJ. t.heir' faU~(!) to h~v~ tlte;OOllt''Gd up t o thei1:'

1:'Mpansibj.U t ies to the in()~mpa:ra.bl.~ 'W~¢n or 01J.th.oliC 1 ~)arl"ltn4,h Il quoti.~

hte.rVttilt'oolftt e call.tic quo$t iQn. nl$ 't b{!! f»l'l()l"iable ~d3'1l\l)tlV9, tUcNI1 Cst;ho..

l:1ct \:;t'\ll1 11l~;t ted ~ ~flIDt'1ca' ~ td4dl~aao-, JM~~l'list Catbol:i:01$m,. pu~i ..

t~ltbe(1ff oat ~1eed, t dG~l1d:r ~t.ed~ . . '. . 114

ISlUs t"~1tled ~ucstiott$ and hi$ telll)~Oa:tbQ:U¢ Urt/.i;l lsQt tla1.a: ac:rl~~

bletl to f i nd ant!lVl!i:t'~ !< tth13rir Qb:s:e"~ttl.')b.a u13'Q~ly, toUowdooo o.,f three gl.$ ...

a·1l1th;0l~(,i$. MlUll' blatlmd t he. tH1fcc!:d. i11SCfloOl ~6i*.Otbgr$ 'bcl.l.O\' <r:~ th~

ir_gl·an-t~ ltinority 'baaki~\'.)\lnd. ot Amfi\r1~tltj Ont.~11cS' bad eau$Gd th~ to ~k

st~tu$. OOtltt01\~.:lt1 and ~'OeUt'it;.J wa.th thm ~m;lt that they wnt'11!, ,fo.llQ·~rs

r atltltr t h-:tm l Gad:er-s'. Still ()th€ll'"6, Thomas tl'~a tn ptw,Ucul,sr . ~m~Jm'e.d that

tAl~ :tc.:tlut'0 ef ~01~1,ol1lD 0,;:; t11(111)8 'to .'!ie'hie-V0 '\faG ~a~a~d by t Mit' pGt't1Qul~

a41ju~t, to thQ l'd!StO':r1~ Cti:tholio ticMtt!'i~ hlli!'t;~on t.'l:i $ ~iGrld arA the

Ill,~t.

~ first bsm0 1st.~ olde~.. Aa f:ar back 4llfIJ 1.9P,7,. O~l"g(t Sbl.urter.

then n.8.so<d~~~ditQt' Qi 9p~l';1~aal. t ~i>tQ a l)..1e'k enUtloo1:?~C<rthu:U.e 12:U:""

i1; :w~~r1oa in ~bteh he $t.Qted·I I.l~.:lng the hundl"t'ld and t 1f'tiY Y{lHilt''$ 01 _~..,

'ClIDlmWp~ca;f tho. ,Q,,,tboUc· task hall hrlle\t'l to k~fi!P t he fro. 'th IlU,v~to

tl1lild. ~p a !Jtoad$oot. soe..1. tyof' ptJ'.a:Cftictng~~"':rIlil, !.Ifid to do£end ! t seU jl ..

ti(tj,llst .oonst;int ®ut!"'.. Nas.Ii}S8$rlly th~ ehall'~tt)rct ~tl pt'im."il14r r$1~1Q\18

tl:d.;!}ld,t!~ beer~0 ~l()fjf)tiet l'l !tith t he rll.tm,\lt t .n$t :ttl1 i';;i.nQQttet'r1ble (!()l'loIIif

t~t '01' tho~~bt ilL");d loveliness h.n:o af'ttl~d tlj;lonAme:d .. cau CatJlo,11ci~, .. -Ir ... _

.' 14ltlU:8t ,~~rtt.w! qQ~h:ll~p1_. P. 1.$7.-

. . .. ~lS&l",e fl. Shu~t~r. c:n:~ 9.!l.~1;te. $p1dt 1fi~~~1ca (flew YQ't"lu l'be Dial beGS, 1921>' 'P.~. 116.

6lbid., P4 170.

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'that such ;.t ,situation h~d existed i1) f.rJIil prist 'W(~~ atld~l'~rt.a.~d1ilbl.'S ... iba;t

it l1J.)m.d be perp$tua.~) \\'at.f unt(j~vable'. Shust{ll" f elt th~ llent09.litq WU$ "

be1r:g 1'~~t;;u~md and that tM roQ t Q,'£' tMJ ~vU W~S the. tldue$tiQMl syste1l.

tilt 1$ tlQt ael'~lY' th .... t th~ tr0~dons en.t.fJ.rpt"i$f3 Qf. p;woeb1al edillO:atlon n~ ..

tlElGr.ed ~ C~tboli.e el.:ittltQ e. ~e~dPdJ.l W".d &"~ :in ft'Uittlll <9t'lf.il'gies l1ke

SQ_ :m,vinbl.o ,glMt tlpolig<J, f'-'out al~ !fU; h~r;es~ett.i, $¢OOl(lt'11 l Q.a~' fJld.,p to

'1'..00 l 'Ou'titll'! of ped~t~Yl WlfJ it dGll'!'m d th('}a$ W:'1l:)S~t Ust~ing ~ ·tha· pedtl

gQ(tY Qt, th.':Lt l€f~d€lrSbl.t) .fte

The ilIaco:na theti~ ,&t'l~d thnt it~¢1rlCi'ln C~t!:IQUe$ 1~e4 an int.ollectual

b:)r'itftiiTl'il wtt® t!'laye~ to t be fJrrl,1Xtd Si',atea . ., '!then, t.hGy .It'cl.ved 'they found

tl1.$l!>1fl1al'0l11 out.siders ~th beq~Qa th!ey' ~'Qre _i.gr.~t:ltra (md b CCf./.tl'SI:!, they pro ...

tessed a tl1.1nority f'1J!ligion,. 1usy have" $'ttb9f!qtl(W.tlj', bC$h Illtf'Utlglir~ to. he-

long i n ~ soclet.y sh1dh ~anded t.l1«i1l aU • . , t<)t'~$, d:1ti'~Mt" !fheu- l~

01' .an 1ntell.ec t,u1ll Mr1tilg~ 10~ i t dtff!cult tor tb~ to di,set':.b4tlil.W be-..

tw~fi ~ m r;lt'llecltalld 1:no e$~nti41 ..aeetftlS(* 011 th!$ {{jet er , ~0t':ter<n Oath,..

olia$ wtded to 1m1ttlte t.'e C()~n l'ntt).tl-I· tnontht) e:tc:ept1onal in ~'Ut.mr1c ... J'l

$Oolfjty..fhey gtl'V~ l!l!1ilue:atjcOtd.ngueelZp~ 1i:.! :iJ1ddl~.Ql$$. g~tarial.1S!,t10

v.eluol:J ~j shQ\fad 00 dlgeit"P.I .tQ hQl d IAfq -Vie~~ wbl1eh ~~nt fil~a t lu:_ di sttnet

fro". t h0 grCo,tujflt'Uq.

Ca;-t~!nll" mn-C,'ltbollos ~O' this ~, t.ifJ O\lts~et!n~ eh~$cttwht1c Qf

AmoJ"1mm Ctlithol:Le1Wt. ~ll iic1i'berg, 6 J flW" not ed a t'o$1;ller,ablu readlncl'Js

woon~ "any • • • ofcnltu'/:'Q ar..G 1nttilll1genC1) 1'.1,) oo:.omt $e w5.\ h $ttlpl.(\:l't¥.

stQ~Jin0f.i$J rmd fM;ld1001'1ty, 00 10~ Q$ t he$E! kC:r~ ~thtnthe botmds of .~

ra'llt,zl· to " t {tlf9 l1;uotd: . .n z"tl}r'ty •• f\'Ote$tQ..,t" (fCw,sd ~bcl'" ·i $ ru."i.Uci_*

w~1<'.):t·0 ~0 t.h~ A~t'1·¢an CQ:t',1WIlieIa ~.10 ore i~koni:og tIle Oti\lt'C'll ttl t10W

1~8j,4t* W l\ 1!1 ... 78. 6lb:i,~,uP. lah.

" • 9Wi.ll . !l~!I'~rg., n A Jf1W Loo.if.m' nt. Oa~l:loo,> Il ~t,)t~;N;M" tVUI (Mq 22, 15 ~.3 ), 11'l<o' 76..

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d1rootions?1l and "'lbe iTate.1tant looking for' e.ro4tiy1:t:;y ~ithin C8tl.,licim5'.

is lo:t'cod" by a1l(i l.wse,. t o t .ut'n hi$: ut!.tarrt.ioT:l a~()i\d .. 111'0 "

1'M third aroa of criUeimt 14n~ cief'1necl by 'rho~as otOoa, 1-10000 probiflg

~!l$ f t.]!' ~e profound, touohing on \mnt. ho ecm$ldm'ed to 00 an hi1stJ;)r1caU,y

1t tltu!lt Mllr<1cwlstlc of tho Catholic .lB1nd. Ot ~ll askst

1$1 it tr\'ie th~t ;;~ufl1 C ~lt!\01:1:e.$. are not moved hytt).Q intellec tu,l1e.'lat..

• •

lc~nge o£ tile li'IOdct'n ceionf:1fio ,urA :Joll~lm'ly 'tlOrlc b ootWss 'ttley arc tolc;...-11tplio1tly ..... thJlt they nlrnAd.Y know~~i1-t.lU '1(; ~orttmt-..or CQn km~) it in ~6Ule fO~"'Qnd truat itlnt'e i$ ~t.h1J~ ftU'thet"' to look tor'? /U."O they aloouUc\..'$d tt> mt.tlt.' tb~lt to .genuine tn~l1ti$t\la1 quest is Ulcmt~Httible w1t.h f'liith? lir a th~ taUf,ht . to eCc~~ t~tr~ faith1'lOt as a s timulus to a Cbrlst:1an adf'enture, but a~ a sporofi c?

O' Deal s 4uestiol!lS' etiaulQted otb€1'S in th1!t ~ ""'lin. Ilu'at av$ t big-el,

Clnf _dean Jeau1taskEld it it ~ro ~t a UQl'lc:tl"~ first priMlpl(l for 1\:illW'1-

oon C;'1 t.hc11oe that I'th+X)l~ va" t he nom!')! Ytllid 't*aehing 0VQn. :in disei ...

pl1n('r& OeyoOO theology. «12 \>iao· the (UiI~,r1eM Catholic il tallght to look spel'};o

trulooualy tor 4. g!.v~!') at,t\~t'Gl schcao of t~t''I<'td.nolo~lool coardltnawa wb10h ho

can st!.perilllpos& on. t'~::ll1ty, COllO!.1lntrntiJ.lg 0',0 the, ~e .. ·ami i grlOdng t,,'1.e 1'(1000

ol'i ty? n M itJ:~,igel. &1iW t.hc pre>blo1lt; II}\ Cotlte."I3f;()l;'.E.IrY tbo~<;ht :=at not be ww

olyzed for u:'lat it e.:mtll,'w$ hut \;p.dekly catllgor1~d tJ."Hlt it. will f all into

placo 1n the, pt'efdbdc,ate'cl· ~o.c. Once in i ts plaot.l, it. C3D be ignol: eQ,

bacauoo knOlf11ng is t'~duced to OI.ltogoriz~; Qnd tll·I'Ot\tof!(>t·i.e~) ,*,"f)zoe j 1UJti

f:Led oneQ end tor mi . It &.I concluded. i%~li ,tuasUonB ~ prsfevably l'edUCed

to old Oll'O!3 W10 het'le';\l they- ,need not be :.ltlS'I:l0n-d atl(tW beeauso t.'lt' old ans~

1a ll'lrel,\dy th('f%,o. ,,1)

lOPbil1P $charpl;1ll', ed. i . Am~io~n . CQitf}Ql'-'@,f .. A.!!.?WlJttl[illt-tJl1! >l4ab. ;V1~ (ltlil'fl !O%,~I . lteed & l>4lrd. 1959 ); p . 15.

llTOO'llt!l.6 . F. o. Dea, ft".(~r:t()&nC.thou.o PU~t .~ 1n;~tl~ t~t,Pthf) ,lllt"l If,;ct\U~ w . (N'~\lI taNa A !~ntor &ega Book publ1sho(ij'by ~ tltlw Altad .Qatl Library, 196Z' , P. ; 99.

12austave Veigcl , ' • .J .. " I'!Ml~i.cl:ln catholio !ilte1leetual.i~·.d\1heoJ.o.. e1:m1 9 i~ofla e.t1oos, Il Tno a pV,ifl'VJ 9£ PoJ,.1tj.(;I'). Ill, !to. 3(July, 19S7)" 282.

1)\'h.:4i~, w. 302--30).

..-:-,,~ ,

5

fhh o,ll,ArEe 19.nmst ~~rictm Catholios b, p~,rhnps, th~ ~~t.. deYIM.tta",

tint:t of an., h!!eol~ dif'''; to ~,~ n FIerbet'~b i t~';it$' thb ~~Irltoli ial' wl)i,oh el'lnlmd

" f<.n(lt'iC:l11 C3tllolieo t.o 1!)~~ the °pr,of;})at:1,¢ s:.Diritlt and produced a tend'S'~~ey

on 't h.eil" plU' C, to lapse iato uprOrlia'tul '$ }lbf;oluti~. H 'to He:rborg, to ~d¢iln

G:liiholioa S~\1 too little OOll:le of standing undnr the conti~'\ui!iU judg;;;cnt

of God" vl'lioh so.;:).ttorll a1.1 oul" pt'et ""n"lol'l$ e.nd call" into !)uention all our

e35,1 cort-.lwtioa and ,'ils, uC'nncell1 . "U~

or didthb r hot.l(}l/'l(\1%\€J>ll occur hl ~1'1,ean (latholieit'$l? Oif~~ troce:d

,it tc dalo na.ea> ..men t.~i3 'WOrld nO!"~d :U, ttL 0 fiJUrt)OSEl Q,'telJp't M Il

.I:tQiIDD Of !~t't:1.f1oatil.)n "no t 'Ot\iJ.ttaM.on in r'I\'!lati .ol1 to ttl!! n~xt.. lil~ dern C",r.,n..

OliOS hitv~ necessarily becr.tl!4e mo a.t iw.rolvoo with !tWa: t..'{wl d" but tioy have

~or lo~t tho~ sense tlu~t it 1s a ptt::laing tiling, of lit.'t:.la e:Jn-.::t¢ ."UMC(;) in

~t s etruf':tjle to neb1GVo the oti'u.>x' . 'f!1ey tWO;~!"E"fore, tittl(;l int~os't!.Gd

t he n0~ ''iu (tat1(.tns >Allah at'i~.f.) in til ~JlOrld $olV'1~ b:>th, p,hY!l1eal iy .~m.d

OO¢i~-l:f., The que-stio.ntJ frQ'm; a transitory ~lOrld Ctlooot c~ru l~f'.gc th~ .. ~r1-

can C'itholiet s ~otw .ee't' ti4:tnty that, t ht;' ano~l"S aro alt'0 irl and if t he

,ue,StiolJa do not fit the antlW~~S then it b t he qU0DtiMD, t".Qt t he anGWl'f"~,

ub.1oh ~~e "Tong ill Tho res-ul t has boen, acoOl'd1ng to {J "'Pon. Q CathoUc1S':l1 whicb

is tormlJl :I.st..10, ~UtMt'ittW1nn ./lnG mor,aUstitO.,

1"ht:!~i then. arc WQe' EiXpl~iilt1Glnn for' thl'l1 trtil w"c l)f' 1\lIif~l~ican (J,'4'th

ol ies to oontribute to tho:ir oo.o'!l')ty ... :m edrtea tioual SS'''Jtu r'e".rclrtr,g -3l"ound

pedagogy l' tlthN' t ha.l1 ac~lax'flh1,p. ntl 1_i~ :mt t:lW:r1ty unwilli~~ to l(H,\Ye

tho sQour1'tty of ttleir l:re'(>J.f .. i!~lP08Cd gfl('ltteJ, ll n theology flhldl taught thllt all.

t:~e qt/:e!~ tiom; had tlt1 .!tlSW()l"od. It tJ«)uld ~ £rotatbe!'!A 4!UliJl:rmes t hat Aalllt' ...

ie~ (lathol.:101$$ h.'aS trot been Illl unblerdG~d 8\leee'S~ aftoreJ.1 .. \!h~%"$ does an

llisrtJ::t.t'iOD, In'tero$Wd i n t ho intol1ootuGl, $0010.1 a"1d. e~!lt\tral. t~OWt"lll i :,.volvod

~b~V1' P., 119_

. ", . ~. 'n· "/'~ ...

6

in AOOl"icQ beaill to <J~i~1ne tIda ptc'ble~1 \>lh~';r'~ ro@(; .~ h1e,tori~n !li~1l1¥

inu;r(lst m:i i ,iD t;H}, ph~llii&Mn of t l/e; A!ilt~rieanG<I'lU'101i() b Ggi n to ox:t~ lD.s

subjec1,'; "

'X'bQ Amerle~ Ou:lt l:w.!11e· p1:'En!j$ o:l',f-&r~ ,oM ,of t.bel bet t m> '$t!';1:t:' t:1ng points.

Goo(l'al l$ ~t pJ:'ess b'!l$ o"'e1') the ofti¢1~ ,(}t ~1...oti'1tdfJl Qr g:mo t' 'tile

dioceOarJ hl~aJ"c~, r et'lecting t h,e v1(§~s of thl'} fd~l'nrc~.. It ~ g Il Uli'PQSe

1$ \<'0,U ~ar:L1led by ~ • .t1i1 Jatl~avtne'l'~bo pu.b,i1shoo /'}; s,'tu.d;y ot t he l~eri

oon Oathol·ie pr eSg in 1931.. In l:diS 'Q(j, t~,1It~tlon. It!'he t'UUatioft of .a C.J t.bbl1'c

pap~ 1$ t(.). pras&nt inf'()l'.st1o~ .about t he Cmu~cll and ,i t:s laotlvi tiea 00<5 to

sor'V'Q :a.,~ ~ lI\0d1@ '&br dio(lG(litX, pm"'Mhi4illand lIt~ilIl:'al 1.\\'iN)unfJ.~~nt.$ ~~;J.~1,t:i,n~

f X'OI'l'lhl1g1fJua .Qutl»:riti~', a4'1 ~~1l Cl.~ '1'-0 ~~li)'S!':l edit4rtal Op1m 0l1G :i,p, OO~

tot'~i t;r W1, th tKfa].e ,rn.astic{tl j'U~t. of.. .. .. fl l $ ~re$£ltt~tiv'e$ Qf ~Qectl o s; t

'tJl(l ,diOCQliillll ~l"$ u~dne($ ,i n tid$' .llltu~ wr~ in b;.m1o ~0t'Ill~~nt. .. i. t h B(Jtl~

!ii<lr· tnt~ f s s'taw.,t.Wb'lIIn a.ed ,,<;:,hiJ;t t h/.(lJr 17(;gurdcd to b<tl t..tle ~J\le ot tl'le

Cathol $:c preo .l'J.

Did theWIt p t-<pe:'tlI ir!'1<lpJ"Ii!SOflt t he (dna. ot tM . "'..t'ng(jl Ce~Ucon the

bstJoa tel· ho, treated? Did the a'll'et:"~e MerieS) CatiJ.O.l.1c ilOOopt erd 'I:'$'!l tllCt

the "'i.tt~$ found 1n hie pr('l;$ 5{

A tMtatiT8 Ityeefl should ~ ~Y'arl t o t his question. It would be dUtt·

eUlt to fmd 1fiJ:l'/ a'tud:;r of' \};!tbJli'ciSlll' ~.cb did not ,~.~h~~ thil <:lllthori~

1&$ pl"'ificiple 1n trJ0 M f-lt'1e:an C~tboUefs· ~p:t"oQ,cll to b.i $ rt·~i.glon. '&is 1$

trJ.e ~ih$th~l!l' OtlE't ~{;)te1'8 to the new, ·tJe1f,..er1ticlil wrk~ ('};r t he t}"l'lO of' book

whiC,b d,qw.t With, the' ~by~d_Qal and hUl"<lreh:to$l esu liSlielw{:mt oi: Oat~1,1eit*

in ttl fJI Unt ted. St}~tel)fP''l'b~$ one cxal'Aph~; t~o$l¢ u~, ~$ CJ.!tpl to1 t

t!um. !l!O &t , \it)tlld sutt1se to illuo:t~af.e thtt .~t~l1tv.

, ,'~ .. ' .,' ;·i;'''i~ ~

1

In fi,\,tl arti olo m-i tten :i.n 1942 by F~t.'1!itl" Tho~s T. l'mAv, , $1:00 '110 ('0

UtJ.lt tl.utilQJ,·it;.¢'1an'i_ tmd sa<W9!tl.!fli;.3ri "rO,am " al'O t hCol mrtJ;'y1ng Gl".cl distin.-

GUlebing ~~rS(J ''''O:'!'is, ti~8 of t he C~tho1ie organization. '?~rthr;~e, i."! t~

fjf.YOS of CathoUe n'Ut~l'i ty J thO pt"o~eBa of t.he Cb,\lrch :iJ:1 thliJl Am11'l"1.enl\ 'n ao-

tion io b" ;>H8m:"aDl e only by tho tw.~nt 'tt,> t1bid:l tl:l!$ CrJ'tbo11e dot'lil'inl} l.S

accepted Qn,d theM "a-er iUlfJtlt.tJ ate USf.'O 'by thlli multitudes of tho. ril1t~rul . 1!

Pid A'I\(?rio~n C,1i/l.,hol1ea agr® tbi;!).t t.1ii ~lSOO~ 01 the~ !",dth 'WIS its

0'looent.."'t or Ql)tJlO~, t8f'iania~ ilnd M crn't$t\ittt,<'\rio.n! $'(? t~t~vor t hought eo :

"

It is t.:-ue t hat tl<lny CIat...7011cl3 h:WG not hod the ofpOl"t'mi 0/ t 0 inVGHrCigate their religion beyond th~it1 ho'tte t.r llini,rli! and t he 91;Ult1tJY oor..-Qo, ~T(l)t what they have not inv£ist~41tnd t..110l!l,"Jru.'\fC$ t.l'l~:r <lll t'.arYt 'be<1.lUse th~ re~ g.e;ed-the Obureh ,'t" ~~t:<lbl16hed ,end pl"otecCttd *'011 ~I;)!, by tl~t· L'!ivins li'olnwer Ii TM$ 'Divine T1t',aoh,<tt' is .r~·n"et~nted b1 t he hier.~(d·l",{f bl~ho:p:~ and c!gonte, liVing In, obedionce <ffld~!:'V1ng ~m"~W ot'·oors fro. I~.

It \\1O-uld. 'ba poslJibJt. to <itJplicat,e tJt·~t~ont~of this trrll! wittiou t ~uch

difficulw. , 1'n0 Cl}1'r&nt orlticl~ oJ~ the Met'drc1Vby Pl'lloti.cing l .-:.Ylilan 13·

.. ~ rhonomenon Qr t ;~e t h:f's. V.'1t.lt:;ut. qUfls t,ion" ibeo1'(\.t' as ~.t extend$to 1001'

thtm tIe tntullaotu..al ~~t.~illl·'hlj fioing,8t 1nsof'g. Q~ i t i$ o.·'(pr~s~d 'by ptlJlO.

t ;i,Qing Cathol:tos., t h11 phe'OOl\sno:n ~ts fJJ ftl"~t for Ain~d.ean (btbo11es.

Did the3.r f'Onitt.U" 5il0rlCe incliol:tto- 1ndi£f'I'!!"Q:ilce. laelc of '1nfl~.nca of

th~ t.$~lli."lgs of th~it' hier~t:)hy on their da:tl.y ltV" t\"nd 1daaa? Jude',ng by

tho grow~ of ~ppo1't j'-N':Lc~t1 Ca:t.holloa havog:l'ven to t."'lQir ohm"eb" ter ex

~ple ~ :lacri.tiea:8 th~ have made to t'oSf(md to t.h1l oall of 1';ho· hit'lr~o.V

for a p tWOGl.''l101 ~ChoQl uy~teru) t t wctlld $fYmns t.h~t tb~ did i~nt1.t}' "I(~y

1auoh ~~i til t twir reliftion.

tloneof t!~0$1ii ~~nt$ can p:rov~ 'that th~ American C thol ic f.>i'&afJ

","'eflec -ood t.l:l() th1.I1"':i~g <itt 1.ts renders as lrA1ll1.. aa. th~t of the h:i4'1t·~~ whioh

PtlbH~h(ld it. I t would be aposeibla to kr.Ol<: lrt1.th .C1J1"tttinty if t.."de is trclO.

'l.6tho~i'a3 1' .. '~AvO,Y', .C .. S.C, "Tho, Catholic Churon. in the 'Uni ted st at e. &t~.n f ;;.'O l'lQt'e, .,. '\1l~ RcW!(l'W 0' rO:U:M.~8. IV (1942), 409 .. );.0.

"';', . .: ";"'~ ."

(3

pm-tieul ady tf,~<m OM 1$ dM11ng ,,,j:th t !'l" PlliJ't. 'i'h[lSe n't'1!WWenta: do I ~10W(l!Vet' ,

ai le-%' (1 OUb$ ,nnttol enough bs~$,son w.'1 j eh t.owrk until 'I1f'iltwonod by n oo~" .'

inair~ht i nto 't.be t'e1 !1tiotlnbip of tho t.:; hts c ~t'e h ..

Ag~~ng th~t t h& Amer!tnn O~tholic rreas Can be con~d~ed a vnlid

l;;'Xp:r li! ~leiC}n. or t he \)\:l~.1o()k of tb", i\,-:'Ql"i (~3.n C~tbol1e ~ho r oud i t or 1iIho .a¢cop~d

tlw aut.i".Qr i t,;, of the h1C'r.:tr'chy~ l.t s..~ it gOQd sourco of :tnrOit'i'\(l~.:.1cn f or 'tOO

hia t<)rial'l i nter;nt ed 'in tho i\~nr ic:.ln C,"':! thollc., s tuqy ;.;iJ.l ootlContrat e

on t1v~ (htbOlic pap~l:'$" !'Qln;' ot '\<Ihicb n:r('J officiaL dioceRJ.;m org4fiS. ')Ul~1~

the :ste 3t' o f f.'4Pt~bor, 19'1:l-SapteJlb6:r ~ 1939. Thit; perted tm3 COO9ell t::t')c ~m~

·h!G ~Jhei'l r.mn ~c ¢ill lM upon to t.o.~c ~ s tand.

It i s v.ol'th'whUa, in V1r,; 'ri of th~ ¢urr-~nt cl~iUo:Lmm or i ean Ca't.h:l l 1e1$I..·

t-;" :Qb st"x VQ SOllie P!' thf' obv1ous $EU"~,9 of tno$Q p~(lJ."S dtlr1m~ this period

or ,cr1Sl,S~

It must be eIflPba91~ed, how""~I' , that this thesis is I jmitcd by £R"l'VOral

f~cwt"$. Fit-stU 1$ en ,ex1:r(Jt'lely seleot i ve 3tudy. 'I'M Vi~ws in t hase paper's

__ e *lot necess~Uy r epr01leatutive of oth .. Clthol1o p~q.,;rs Of the ~riod l>

c-eonclly, it i.B impossi bl e without a balancing fttu.d:l ot, £ar example, lJCw.1l.u

M !.tIPl!iP\!WS, to know Wh&'bller t he 'ir:i.ews :t"en1!!ct~d in t hese p®&rs It'epres&nt b.,Qth

olie t hinking ao such or Americ/lft Wnldng in generlll . Finttll,. t t1e96' fl >iPI!f'8

''*rti !ntm-es-ted :!:n reaohing the aYli!:r!le (lathol.io. They do not neee$sarily

X'6present t ho tbtuki:ng of oth~:r Catml1c8, sncn as t hose in th& c.thol1o

','fi):tl,(er lOO'nWleat or in t t'ietJepar t merlt of <':00131 ActiQn of tb$ tl:at1onal W,lf are

Conf erence, • V)rkedWCd!!J8'tully to 1nflucmoe lnbor, man..gement AUld social

leglsltit10n and wI'» were i nfluential in loOal; state, nnt 1onal. @d intel"nation$.l

aftidra.

i::-;~ ~

9

CB.'U'TM 1

A l);iOKoo.C)UfJD Ol'~ THE fil'Y.!OD AND 'rHE PAf?1l."iS

It is Q tt'Ultsm to SUltkl t h.-'It the th1ti1o.s 1$$ a d~otitde (>it wisis Qnd

(Fent social il,.hang., ih t be Un! ted Sta:~es. 'l'.hi:; Uo t10st $1~H.'1Q~Jlt .ev!!'nt.a

were the l1'}:'eat det't'~tu;t1.on and i'rurope' s 1T!Etxorabl.e "'ilQmoottow01"d a s...~nd

wrld unr.

In t he' Un1 ted States t ho p~tod ws cwae~1ited by nil Qflteni.sbing

"

(FOwtn i n the· eeope .and pQW9!t'EJ of tb.e lll.ttlonal. ~OV-ef'n=ent. 1i'sndn8 became 8J

thmtlU5fl(i tndtl$'flry. l .r:tbox> b®a\lI$ Qrg.jtd.~ed and Q, pot;,ertul 'iloiqe in AJ!4{~I\\Can

SQCiat y... The til'st-chango; oollpled lil'1th. thl!) ~'es41()tl. ~~tUlly Cat~

tIIOt"(O p rObleMs th<$ 1t M.Stilflt'od, . r(6)ll ted in amOO$ -exod\'lsto t."le cUills. '!'he

Mcond !!~k.ed 4 T'E'leognitlon t hift for d~crftC1 to mJ,cceee in 00 indu$tr1~

SQc1et'Y 11'1 ~8t be bll$OO on eoopt'n"tJtionj notl:dftSfm-taire 1ndep.endet"~.

Old WflY$' Q·f thi.nktllfl wer~ ti'rom o$1~. !'~UielJ uot'ebroken up !as

olllildr$n b.ao~ ~irt) IIObile 11M 4t1 b:· adlt~.()ncil f7~il:r actAv!t.f)$ ~Ol"~ ~.

~ptoo by Quta1deor~at'!1Mt!o'l,'lS" Orgs.n1ted rol:tgwn deClif)~d in i ntluence

aD ~e'n oouf,ht M w ml~r~ to no", probl:ea:s.1

How did .-rtonn Catbol1c8 face those pt'ol>lss? Aecord1.'ng t.o McAvoy,

..... \it t he ! l.rBt :end bM lc probld: QG t~the -pr'tlst!!rvatlo'n of Catholi c OOf]lllQ

:!'rom the att.tlQka o! 1lO4erniSD, and thll:i fostering of t he inet'6:usod U81) or t he

&cw~i$i)nt$.J1, Catholics WQra to "st;udy t be .131b1('1, t.o oulti~ate. t ho:tr love ot

1101' a good ~t7 ef the proul emtt. of the pcr,d.QO f\()~ \,4.Uidm l"!eld..1n€t I;lgbm~n" jl.OQl' a.OQ, It 'nta At!i~ieru'1 ,Jout'nai. qf SoQ1Ql()~ XLVII. }b. 6 (~, 1942), 00}-816. ••• , - - ' . .' i . -

~. ";" .' ',;\'" ~

10

~ Cbure,b, to pray, to att end ~S~ and us e th~ Saer<l:mli~l'l.t.;g and 1';0 pr taC't$.Q0

devotion to the Mbt~ of Cbri~t~ii' ,1;tY$V'Ond tlW~ e~sent:1. ,<t'!l:;) for moral r0c~n ..

S'U'tiot;ion ti~ ~~ie.eil llisl):)ps sdvocated a specinJ. 7.. n'w.re s t i ll O~"t.h!Jlie ad

ueat i on, p.at'ticularly in t hi\l bl.:ti.ld1rlg up and the l'oX"feetion of t.~ Catholic

~chool~_ 1f2

~t :wotl't a t,t/Ore $p$C1fic !"t}spons.e ~ triO ¢·nrrtmt tlnl;l U:r,g~l):t. rocinl

r:x'0'ble';\'\zl l~dia~ly l1£'ter t he end 01* tbrld. ~ I. 't!le Pop~ l~:d Of¢n~

a; O®crOil Oo=! ttee on~,thali.c iU"1'a,i;rs nM litt.c:rest-o tQ study t,l \Q probl etrt-f.11

(,) f p.ost UIW rGcorr«truction in t he un:! ted t;tatQ$ . t i1is eo»~lttt~~ fUncti'Jnod

thr¢ugl~Ut. th. t~nt.1e9 and thil"ti~$. F;~l ye$ :it p~ld a nuti.onal c'.m i'cre.nce

on i ndu9w1al pro~l.~ which kept a1:tve .. n.ecording to ~lcAVo:r, tlla tr\lditi<)%l

t hat t-ha ChIlre~, ~a:$ t he rri~nd of the l~ni cln,sc$s Md Il gt'Q<lt opponent

of fIlO'ctal 1;)juEft-1ee. I t al..$1\) eat lbl :h thed t h0' N1.I tionQl aon.ferllmc~ on ilur:.i1,

Lif~ and tl);~ liat i ()ft91 'i!",tholie 'I:~lftlX'o (AIlnl'e..-1JtIce .

All the Vari O\ls Ctatt hol:te ro .. ~t.d.ttee$ ~od .as an idc~ tJ)G mthPt"t(4looo

t ion of :'1u9 Xl tllat t l'U"l"G rust. b{'} a HC,gr~ or C:ltholl,c 1d0a:ls into all

bQse~ uf h!.m,un i ntlt<r'OOUi"'sih •• with olone OOO~iI' llttot1 llnd submiss:tQ1i to

q"i$Cop:ll l Q:ldership • .J ~·et elllPh!lsbed t.he eancti ty t):t hoM ~.d r_ ly.. ~ sUFPC:t'wd 1.$001' uni onsl t§ tQod lagainllt. both 00!'l1flNn:ism and ~~get"(cl te:tl

Mti..¢.n:cl.!am $d 1r,t11u~d itovGt'ruUIent fl p8tetnalJ._" in th~1r l1st of eon-damna-

tiona ..

IAlring thl·~ pet'iod tho 11 t.urg1cal ~'V~t gained mtmGntutl. fh.e ll<l-

tiont.:l Lem.on .of ~entt1 'W3:J Gst<!hl1s>hed. 10.1 01' t.r\~Zo O.reard~ilt:~mla~ of

OOtu'QEh, ~I.'e g!;y on tlttnt .init ial ,~ill t~s and $lb!1!e tuent authc:r-ity 'b!r tn.

h1 l!tra1"ohy~ ~P$ ,suel) 319 t ho CathGHo, \>ii)N Gr', HcA'li'QY- S~ted, o!'i"Gl""d an

21.1cAVOV, P. bl2.

; !bid ." P. 1~27,.

. . ~ .. , .. " ',:.'\~ ..

u

Ql1tlOt for t hoS!) whe bcl.i~Ned the bicrare'!\y t.w..roo too $lc'lAy. 1'h1f,f llte't'o t'tot,

hO;UliWOt<, reqt>l'(e 34)nt.sti:!l~ ~ha."l; C~'t:!mlie:$ .. .i

These progt~$ g<~v~ th~ CsthoHcs d1r~Qt:iQn in ilf'.y Iltte!l1pts th,,1t' l'l~htl

_0 to a1d the l:m"~>lll'. th$ ldbot'$'., t hn fatd ~:1 or the S.r.:~vidus.l ., tintOI· ...

t!:in$,t9~, QCcord1ng to A.a:C'otl ! . 4'0.11 in his (ttndy ·().f ti!tt~J.·!ero1 (icrt.l:'.oUei_

~nd >socia.l ac tion. tho pl'OUr~$\f,U!'a nG\'(}:r cf'.rac~ve . l'''1,r:'ft ,they 'tf.it~d sub-

I'Mlx'ged in 't ill/! P.Qo t.. t.af CODSf,M',l td..$ l!; at'ld s l1.\condly ~ wr~ ignored G-y t lwGO

'Whom~theyt;C.·G supposea to. s~nYa ,.4

,my the llllCk ot interest'! ~'era the progr4flio $0 i nane, so bol.U"{leOidt

On the ~ntrt·il1"1 .. the ntl'tii. .. Ctip!tJ,&l1$tie and Christian ~ct'GOne:lbt PQs:itiotls

of a g:roup Uko th~ Q;)too1i.c Wlrk'et> \\Ii:J;h r6vcl;utio:n~" A$ 1"0:::- t he off'1:<!\l

;j. Wher()\fe-r th$Y l:Jei.'C t aktin G~l-'*icYusly, t he l~l} CiWIO ,1l1.va nr.dthe

Church WQ,S revt ta.1.:t~~d .. , ~.,lt t heso ·(It~ro ia'Olr:. t()d p<Jck~t$ (Ii a~tilr'1tie$", ~

d1dt.1 ' t ,hI!m1'1e~n CnthoUes, with a well...e~i'1ned prQgt'~lll and Qtl organ$.fI'..Qd and

dioeipl1n(td bodlr of bel.i e'f'f>..I'S. l cac;i 1:1'1 tl'le Qst~~U~ment of 8.; OOQ1d VI'o(!;t'$

t1h:ioh i·eco~1~r.td th~ fl~edn both of ,an :industrial ooc1oty dd of tl1le :S,rtd1v1.

usl 'Wit hin tlio.t sooietyi' lin ~1natit.ln ot t h¢! ~urs 1oo1uded ill trde etudy

~ reWaa). rom0 1ln$t:l!i;lra.

l"il;e five papet$' c(ms1l1$'od ,a!!"~ ~t» ~"i411tTubl~~ 'ct·..,., ~7:' ''' ''' .. '':: .:.

OUr Sun4'1':; V1st~l\". FM ~c~ C~tnoltC fisk"t ood ~te )J&~2£~", f(fie

fit' lift four {we d1oe~S$l publicat wnmw

T~ 1:O}U'l'{tj 1l\1:l$b~t1 'in 19'06 by thG a~r~nd: F.J." Hetll y. From ,'leptem

bor J 19)8 ... S&':'lterlber) 1939 ~ the 'r~t tDld betwscn ,h,OOO and 75,000 ln~ra

P{;)i' ~$k to 1t~ 'f.\r0Qk1$n aud1ance '\Iho bcujbt '"

cr by mba=,i pt1on • .e;

of t M l" llt t he ohurch ¢ioor

SCdnn, . ManllgitlS }~~i'i.tor ·ot ,fn, 1!mB~1l!l Ta\~l.~~;

'.';' • .t ., : . .;'~ .~

12

A 1953 bcOldQ't publis.lJoo by t-hI!!:Tab),(l,t 1" .cO\1\~~rs:tion of th.~ lOOtlt "'~~

annlVGrtt~ of. t.~o B."'¢o~lytl d1.Qc0se 8\~tm3d t-'P the purpose of tho p;l!;>G)r in

thi !!l "WGYf A-

esides oft(lf'ing liffi avenue of cOl!ltr.unieat,iOJ}.-- :and the only p~blle one.. .. b@t,wlln the OJ."'din~:r or tb~ t3.t?ce:s~ and t tl$ olnr-gy •. lialiaious • .ma lo.1t1. ~ Tabbt" h t.!ll unrel«i ttingly sou~ht, 1. '1''0 rol.low oloscl.y and to :pro.r..ote con - atco.tly the· ooctdnQS' 0 ,( tbb ·Church Il1'ld to r.ender loyalty to th~ Holy .{t',l;ther and hh decrees and to t he Bls.~p of t.qa t ioeoS'G ~nd bis pol1oiea} tQ uphold nt Q11 ti .. ne~ .oral value I'! :lS wel l as rel'1gious teachings and to OPPOM t-ho~t1I forMa which oppoSte l'IIm'ulity and t'eligion.. 2. '£0 propngood1ze ~ar.d ~WOt" t all ~ctivi.t1~e 'Of the (''buron ... '" '" 3. 'ro inspire, eJidoU~l1ee, (m'f.:'i oh ~nd ~nl1Oble t he faith of our t'$arl~1'S in Ol' dro!' thQt t hey may 00 batter' Catholics ••• • 4 .. To. prTt~ thG best intel'Qf) ts oi: th Un! t.ed SU~ tes nno to OP;pOS(/ het' el1!.1J!ud .. em.

tr t/hllt W3-e the 'l'ablet"

4f '¥'i'e~ of its pl!tt'sonai function, this 'W.1Q i t s , , --

vi.t:l!.! of t ho function of the Catholic press i n gen$'l'nlt "In promoting trutb

and justiC€l., in pronah1ng roli(tl.6u, ~rallty- and p~ltr'iotiu* i n defttnding

r.i~r1¢3;n l nsUtutlons ~no t he i nsU .tu ti<:ms of ral1don end in OP'Posing .ror~$

1'den 1':).1."1 :.It t.~ey. deotruet j.on., t he C',lti'lol1c preslll b above eve:t";ythi Jlg else,

t ho ohampion of the I>.'la.«tm~ or or<Ji nary c1 tize.ns. 01

The 'l'.l~~ .. then, viewed itself as the Ilavellue of COI1JJ'll.un1Ctlti.pnu be~

t';Jeon tll.i)or'di .nury oHi0en Il.flG the> t~Q.C.~ing·1J of tbe CW~ch as inte.f"pl'oted by'

the diocesan looders. fiat only did th" Tablet pl"OtlOW the pood 'Of its churoh, • II>

it prOItIO w d t hff ,;ood of' its country \. ell . '1'be tablot (Jaw no eonfllc t of

int~1"e$ts bet \'.-aofi tho two. As the fablet saw it, ~t \;ft'l1 go.od for the Ch1Jt'Ch

WllS good for 'tUle ste".l to nod wh3t was not good for tbe. CbUl'ch wn.s, eonver!f~.

no t good for t llG Sttlte.

tin articl e pu'b11ohcd on ~~ 20, 1939 d-Oltllt liI1thOXlch 4 r-otctlttal

contU .. ot-- frttt'l>dom of s,pMch. the 8SW'litpt!..o.n waa that anunlialted frc~doJll

of spe~CIb which ~ight be har~rul to the Churoh would aleo be h~fulto

York:

,~~ ,

1)

the state" ~'o:r exac<lp:te, . if the d ght of liberal Cathol1cs to hold d1"V<t:t'((.an.t

Catholic viol'ffl was lm1tec:l by- the right. of thG C:i1urch tI',) do~",n~j lOYl'll tv to "

its tWc:rces it fQUo1olOO th,at t he d eht of t..l-;~, libertU.~eriQ3ft to h<:)ld oi-

vo:rg.mt Mt.e1'1o~ vio~ wao limited by tho r iaht uf the state to &iYr1l,,md loy

iIlltl to its .st .\\lnd.I!Wds,. 1'0 ooort. t.~e tebltft det'io@d l\tll;tritUd:UgJ'il 1n tbo~e

ter ms ~Il.lich wtm:ld ·mak ~i' it cOlllPl;ltiblt't 'Il1ith the 1'ilbl,et', dtd':i.niti on 01' Ca'tnol-

1ei.. Anyone, ther efore , who !:laId vl$'W$ ~"hich 'fTel'G not compati ble lii.tb

CathOl1oisa 'O.lOuld ~~ b~ hel.ding vim~s \lb1~h, nccol"'di!'.\G ,to th0 ra.b;l..@~ were

tb t OQtl\p~tiblo 'loiUb Am"'rioanl~, Cr>nsc-quentl.:r, lI$tmming; ihot t hE! ~tatl.fl bad

t he r j,ght to protect it5~1£, Umy wuld not hav (1 the r :l.«b t to froodQlll.· of

zPMeil.

1'ne Ta\>let $IlWllar1~ed t he pro'bl~ :tn this w;y: tilt th~re st"e gl701~P$

in t his cOl.mtry us1n~ t he ,~~ican :ft'eedO#l 0''1;' ~Crll!:Ch to set up a re~ime Q6

- y mid itU139j,a , whioh countt"ias 6at'lY t he t'if!ht ()£ £NJ 0 spoech, t hoo

thr!!e'8 i nd$Vi.du.1la al'lOulo not be aUo~d uneont roll ed tt"eedil>1!iQt apeeoh.tI

If ·tb~ t"ights of t»f.1;ooCGthol1o A.l!ler-ieans, to holcl divergent '9'ie~ t~limi ted,.

C~tholic Am<'!rl.OmlS had (. YEJtl han :r ight to tlisagr oo :wi th tho cs'ttJblbhed ~~

tOO:ri.t.y . 1Tl an edi tori1l1 w tit.led tt\\b/lit 1. n tib~.:r#l '~thcliC?" tho' :l'Siblet

anower ed that he i~ ~lone vho d1ftett's It''Qf;t t.~e Uol;y Fath~ or on~ who seta his

th~ories UP contrary to t.~(!\ eccepted V'iGtl0f the Cn tbolio people.. flS And. woo

deoid0d \'1hilt was the; accepted 1fi@l'l" The h1~.lX'a.."'Chy ooc:1dod and the ?ubl~l,

us the llaVtOnue of ooltd1Ounicfl ttotif prOlW.Jl gatod tb~ a~lJPted V'ier~ .

latkind of pos1tton did this vi.eli ~nQo\U"J.ee Cat.hOlics to noldj Judg1tlg

~the quoteft in t he pr~l'viousp.a"i".1et'.nph, 'iibiCb wero t-J'f,d.eal. of the 1't.lble t .

O ... thol!e s ~0, cmoouraged t o Yejt)ct. l1b~t"a.l eon.o$pt$ afJ III 'thr til'llit 'toootb

t..1)~ Church aM their oountA'y. 'i'hew ~rl' ~cted to be const:l"nttva and .. ~

6~t;lt;l) S$pUlMf'r 24 .. 1938.

.. ! .... ,; .. ~ .

lh

~eap~towt.ooX'lty.!.rM$ pOG1tiou ~l;,m nat onl.y t!a:~ Orltll hlald bY' good C.t:l.tbi:) ..

li.C$l:iut by good f.Jil lt'r1c~rm .Iil$ 'lIo~ll il

" lhel3Qrston J~:il¢1't>. too, s@!~d miiJ s t :i.rft~~'€ ~tt:;d m. ~ph.:ts10;ttlfZ t hlilt gO':;d

• • .0 _. , " . F . .

(ht:boU·C~W{ll;J synOflDt)'ll!. 'WitJll tlt»d .tJ.w;Od,o IiU~i.", eill,~H$ as the' Qloo~t C~tbol.io

MHS;::~i~)("i\' i n tktil! l1nit.ea st.i.i t\l}~,. the Pilot 'If'd$ :~~'l1.mdttd in 1a29 1>7 the ·~:.mr_d •

rA.uar{~ .1. Cl.i\!lpbell. t~:kG t.he 1a;~let it is art of'tiebl (l i t'Jee$'<al puhl.ic~tiotl<t

liu:ring 'tile lte;:a' un~'eo~u:l_dW',i) tai:)n t he UlstUiat.qa. cir'0t!.l&t.ion oJ: t,~$ J»Uot.

t1as JO,OOO c:(}pi~8 pert.teek.. :tt "\r.ll\r~''ll~ i t,$,ut t:l.ftieiall1 .as I~ stttc'tly reli ..

gi oUfJ papm-. ';;Q.~lcortlille :!:t8~1,r. ~d.th littlethliitt OQ'llld rlot be ~..ontii;.t"u~d as r~

ligious .. 9

f bls ortent.ution 1m b~'!>'n by a C39ual t~$il1tl~t;\.on of afflf or ttlf') ir;:jua$

PUbU~le.d dutitl<J t-b.e:rfMl'r' ·o.f ~~pt~et'; 1936-Saptem'ba', 19.39. F¢t' Met'l!:-'le ,)

a. l~ad ~t.ielf) during: 'tbe Cr.eoboolo.z,,,,ld.Wl crisin 1<,f,nli; llGr:a.dled nC~tll,olica in

Ue\4' ez.\~eho~lovakiQ B't,' ,<, Vef'y' t~~U$.ulO A t)"fi~>¢i\l. ~t1~e @:d.tlg the l-);) ..

l1sh d:"itiJi$ •• )3.~ luladed n{€llLlig:to\t& stud1 Course lt~ ttiblle!1ed in Po.).:ro<:t. iJU

\ttt.~10Ut 'l~e'lt.:1Qn. tb.o r'lfo1 eonN.l'l:~d itt/elf to n$trietlyrolig~,t1US viefrJ I)'f

~rl d e<1'fmlts et"Ot1 1i' i t (ltd not e-;:Il''l.N.n~ i tS'~:f to !Jtt'ietlr reliq;:!.puG e''Jllln i s .• ,

Did tl:l<l<t ;t"1}strict th~ r Unt to &Univeva~113i, Yj.I'l'~int t .n acoo-rn 1d th

it:J €)'!)poueQl of ~ univf»\'s.lll, ~el.iUQn? N'o-t:at an ~ Tbe Fif.ot !i]~~ e~tdatant

l:t\ i ta thtf)~ ttmt it W'I}$ mot emutih to b f.} ~llin~t t tlll forDS at" ,evil, i~a..,

Gom~utl;i~~ oe¢,QUOOi oC/!); wa$ O~thoHc. One must. be Qiii3:inat 'to'l"ll .i'l\$ w~ll be.-

caU$e,t.hey' ,.~e" u,n,..AN~t'ietln , flattY ot tnt; pt.lot'o i\tftiel~9 l.audc1d the (trent 'f ~ ,

~~r:to.n:l J1cyet_1J Qnd, :!!!lOr'€! to 'tM polnt, the' ~,oe$l'l'j, ty of Pt" :)~t,1rle it

st~uinst thi$ nt'iteietie forces t)U>1"t'ound1.ng it.. It \iI';g,$ in thin ~( .. a toot th~

Gathou'c prIl)Sx"'ef'f.~r~~.d OM of i ts' l'liitH91;. V'alu~hlfl a~"'!IiO'es"

~tter JirQm t.t.:te Right- it_ orand ~A:';,lJ$ignQr li'l'Qnei$ J. r .... .!ll,y, ~,tor of T~SQatoll F1,l.$itl, ~~eh3. 1966. " . ~ _ 1 _ ~ " ,.

l°'l'he l3Qston, Pilofl. Jsl'luru'Y 7, 1939" UlQ~(J " $'fi;bs:'u~t"Y ll, 19"}7.

~ . .'~.; .-.. , ',".~'i'~ -~

15

TM deYelep!!l{l)llt. of thougbt he~ WIlS int'~~Ga,tine . In &ptcm-bsr , 1;9.38"

the Pilot prnisfJd. th~ Un1.t~d S~tn$ ibr rlrotscting t.l-):~ ChUlrcn. ay D~~'l1b\'llX"

" of t :tat yost" 1 t 7131'l t he Cb1lnh: which pro tee tc~ the um. ted '1t.atsa by'stre$lJing

those vit" tuea which :tl!ladeg('Joo dGK.(lcl'Gt -s. 'taev~t"enoe for the fbly ~~~e: !las an

irHMf.:t.!lblfJ a~ooclaticn '.:HID t h!(l vi rtues wh1ch are in the last. Oloaly$is ti'..e

iUpport o f t~ nepUbl1.e. u12

Tbe Pilot cili d Qoe~$loncH,y' condt:li/lD: th£)sj~ el(ltJmnt$ .of tmti .. ChM.stbnif.y -weh ~r'e cont£a$n.~ in an· un~:xa.mint'!d M1f'll:'1 cnni$l'A. I't su,r~est.e.d cno~ tr.at,

A1tel''1c Blo''le Ulight $pond m:>,,'e tiJllo ref orming um. t1 ... 0hrL1t C.lp:!:tnl1$I\l 'JbiOll t hey

1tvI) lJndQl' X'at.h(1l' than. ., .. ;;mti .. Ohriat Co1l'/llluniSl.1 tJh1eh t.~~l" h W G only r t}<ld

flhou t .•• " • n/J ;\l)oth~r t1tlG it Ot.!lt«1 thr,;. t lJit OM ba.d to eir.gl 0 out the

predominant cause f or \.!orlcl un~"0st, tut.i.ooalim ~uld b~ t h., CllU$(,l ,na'!ted, n 14

ru. though it, 1$ rlOt C'l~u:r that this. r ~fe:taQ to Ul l!! tfni:ted stMitlS as' w~U u$

a~mtu~.

~.::rpite !JUob stll~!&nts, toe predominant attltude of tho f ilo}: ~~tJ

i,luUe ai.~il<:ll" to t:na~ of tbe 'l'ab~t . ltD vid~ of o Rtho'lic1_ \i1i:U1 oonsol"Va-

ti1'fltmd au~ritQrbn; it fc.:vO!i'ad an .. '\Hr ic;m;tSSl JlhichWhl.?l oonOt"rvat.ive ~d

~ic"b fllaintJ,11ned t he st "ltU5 'I.to ; tt ~~t"1Cf4 could be lctep't on the rigllt

:rorJd<.. ... ilnd t ;\\l f'ilot . W()ul ,:' do itl PllIl"t b'j' t".Al"nine it, of $UbV'fi:l .L"8iv~ t~rce$ of

'l'4hicl\ it!'l1~ht not bc& IDf~~ ... 1t co·llld VFIf!Y ~ll 'haoof4~ Goat s Id.r.i6®'l'lt on

01l1'th. defined 'by t he rnot" ~6l.·io.wisll W~ not a1aply ! ",tty of life;

it could very woll bacotta tAG' way, tl'O!)l which tA1t3' at,tempts at dnvi,atlQt1 oould

o.nly be the wol'k 'of the PrwctJ 01' VNU.

'lbis theN, . that Ctlltholici. wa3 the ohalllJ)ion of Ime!'iean1,,"Jl."! 4llld :1 te:

p!ltotI&Q\:.or f rom $Ubv$f'~iv0 t'Ol"ces. W{l$ i&'Opule~d cCn'lllbt€'.nt in the PUQt.

PQrnapa Oil. $pooch by \\\11.1_ Cardinal {) t o.:ml1elJ " 'tQ IM.en t.hft lfilQt gave

12:rqid." JUn(J 10. 1939. 1J..lbitl., r'ebruary 25. 1939.

lblbid.ll 1\U€.{U5 t. 26, 1939.

",';" ,," .. ,~'i.~ -~

16

pr-im~ '-'Pace, ~ar1eos this posi tt Qn. 'roo Cat"dinal SU'O$fled t hat, jn these

tiQ;mt; lil'tfal'i r a:l.~ J;>a.ti'iotrl $marm ~rttf'ici~. h1:':ltp..ria onaal'lf~Gr tt' ~d:ltiOflal ~.,... "

~nt f Or-ll:r, boe!lUSe of i n:p3tienee d thoo?'leti,t,utlonal pr::':CCS3C!l e.t t he !itilll'iO

t1m:e ~6 Of.hors, lJ'JPPOs.oill.y c!lnl'lpioning the goVttrtllltmt, delibe:r-ately unde::: ll1ine

it" the-ro W3S t,h('!< ,gr~atgst neod fo.r art c!'gnl~ :5 .. I·Hltionsueh ~1 4'J the K*hts Q.f

I"plumu.s whi ,.oh .. 1" $ tlr(UI,dy to de,f~nd t h(J3.r conntry flO matter wha:t the s~1-

fi<:c" n Organi~~t.ionG such o.s t.lle 1': , of O. uoulid not squnnt'ier t he..lll8alve$ on

p$ttl cl.mnes. but only on !~crv~id.'1~ :f\l);"~S or SOlQl'! occult inrluooc$$ Uk$

CQf)l;.'Wni$lit or rt\r:tt.e~ui.$'Iil •. " . undat"<!\inU:tg tJ'w ant..J.:tority or the n~tion and the

st~~, Ot' .1ti3nling the~urch. tJ.'

1'ho Pilot .. th~. l ike t ha ~~ib'loJ; Sillil ita C. t,fiolie1sta elas~ly relatoGcl

t» tl'u {» l.ll'l~r1c :itu.t'I.~. No eonfUct b:utween tj7~ t 'll.(l. 'Was .tX>~a:1ble 'irs, in actual

itW' OM vas :JdJIlply ttl'1/) tomtoral ~rcIJSi<>n of tbe othel', If Cf.rty' col'lJ.'liot a

rO$~, it ~~IJI caused by pt;lM'Gs-ivo t'ot'Cms or oecult i nfltle:ttcG's 1It11cb (lid no t

t"ofi.oot AN~iC,an i1lt$;"(mt~ i'ln:llllOr~ t han t !ilEty r ellocted, C I~ t.holic m'W!t' (!t")ts"

:~y waS' tuthol.icim'l ~'Ueb a sood ·$(t,t'Yunt of Al:tarioan1sm o.nd f.mol'ic tmisM, as

dt:lf i M d by the C& th.clios, Stlcn a good C¥£>r(!l) ~iicno:f {}~tflO11e1$l(1? Both: " w 0d

ODr.:-oM4 to t he:t"tl-dicol. the ~('1t1ent 'who 1JOtild '(Ulde~lle l'I.utho:>i tt; Po th ll8"O

oon~el"tat1~o, authlll1'1tl<\t'im and flUPPO.rto:l;"5 of the D t,~~ i.ue. 9tn" .. s~A!t V1td,~or t~~ f ounded in 1912 by A1"ehb1!'lOop John Francis

Nell, Who guidod th~ p'\t}af i nto t.oo 19$0' s . Accord'i .. ~ to a biogr ;-.phy of

NoU,

no odS. t.~ Ms PiJIper altlnya wi th hill! ~ ~1.3 to :i t~ i?r'otGt.tant t'eradef's ~ • "arId ~hl1(J in h1.sl?ritin~s YlEl! ab .. ilYS< t ried to U(1a tac t in e~fnbf,tt1'tlS Pl' t;'j1.1dice and berGey, b~ has n~{'l' foravt't4ln tbtlti :rr.o=t. of h1$ r~adCZ"{l l'lt'e ~pl:lin f olk ' ,'iccu~t!Oraed to pl l1in, blunt ln1'lgU.age. He hQ,."i/ neV'~ felt

j'r~tI to 1 0t 111s f'e.~def'$furg~~t ellch tunda'~ntl1l i".:tottt a,$, for' i n l!l't3t1c tJj tb!l):t tl'Ie Prot#J' $tfID~ Bible enst,t) M a v1.o1nt.iQ!) of t he (:<ithoHe copyright, tb:.l.t Lutr..~ \1n,S B ne1.lC"ot1e ~rl~~t, t h3t fbnry VI II wa..., 4ll .ad\llwer., anet.-

151»Hl;t l\pr U 22,. 1939 .

'.';.:.

11

i n r.enel:~~ ..... ~t Catholics lmve tb:c whol!' truth t:h:U . .e Pl":>tr.otanta h~~ only a :f,1 lU" t a."td .often a: t~.tl~t$d PQrt!~ 't:.'l~llt.,. 2':!\lt h1~ ~~(~atlllF.lttt or suCh ,matw$ 1& nl wilY4I! \i,i.tbOllt b,. tt<l!rn('~$ • .

" .ccoro1ng to tb~' 'biograpily, t.;e j~Ohoishop $ <'I.1<f ti:~o pUl';'posr of ,hl,s pilPnr

a: b('~int tl to 1nat.t'ttct the l<dt.-y,. tK} dClfend t he Chur"ch,,, and m. t m t'"'t!port but

to eootn-~te the JlOtlS au.d bring it into fO!:nl8 a.c.dn~i't t hs larrr.rt):~ s.C'r{l'~ n of

Catl'»1ic ur,ht and tl"adi tiom.t. fI The Gurren't odit4~ of t..'1e Vis! WI' atated iJi · . ....

tllat t h" paTH"'f' * :l purPQ~ ,,).~ s ''in. t he!" f.1Qin t!polQgt!tio, bl.'lsie :aLl.y ~lq)l;dllA

t h!l Fat til fox' t~~e aV~~1l'a8e Amt:l.t'icao G~th~lic and fia.hi:1nc arv lIJ.dv:l:r:c~ ot

Sociltl. (')t' Co>tnut'l1sm 5.tl. tht~ worlrl . 'l'hos~ t 'W'O t M.!i('$ 't.'IOre t.~obaaic st:m,ds ,

e1mlQ1tdng t he Fili tit, ,an,9'.,>er:t.ng ar.t.i .. Catholio cht1rce~ 31!d oppolling Collrmmi ml

@d Sodo1i~. nl1

l\.<l:~1n th:t~ ft"'Pf"'t' , as wjt h t.l-:le o thf,lf'St reec1Yn3 i'ts def1hitien or Cnth-

oUeifl!'/l j);>Olll ~"l;) and tJ'a.o~t¢t$ tha t. d~~'.niticn to tha l~,ity Wil1t ::l.n6 helotll',

It., to" s:l~!t up its o to.1l $ChOllle 01;' Atl11'1"te anil'W S() tOOt th, 'r e '!qO;.:tld b0 Il~ con.-

£lict betwC1en .~rl.cnnism GrId Catholidm. 'M~ union "-'''''Polls il'ol!a genu-

ino love oj~ desire to change that S')' lpport od by both tl'J9

,~t~hliGhed 80V~JlW:ntttl1d the c$ tabl1nhed Catholic h1crarchy~

,,10 of v:te C'xt.~nt to \ibtoh ti'>.e Vi. $1. tor e.ll~i Cnt.holici{%l ,M t he

hul:wark of i\mer1(!a.ni~ U-i'!$ \l frant P~9 ~d:i tontal .. dr: a_l~~,. It dt::p1.o'tsd ~

OOll"Oj,c:y ll$ re&t1fl(f en a bluf f l 'loo1od nthe GFl.tholic Chu~ch. t! An "'fin saa

hbeled ,t.'El.seiem., N~i~ tmu ~'lni_ p~tid tnt' bluff , but it rn::t.:linoid

Uladt\~~t and De~cu~ lntll 'sce,tre . l8 In <1 1a;tM' lsnua t ho V1$1tol" s-rld of

1tscli'j IlPr obab1y no oth(!t' p.upCJr hn$ pl,l.blishe(,'t ~,o mlll1Y oxocllent .:t:'ticl es ................... _ ' -.. !Ii _'

. . 161!1c hat'd. Gfu:d~1"t ,i~ tJ; , !J~ . ~ ero.~er g[loot ington. lndtoo!'a: J]tJv . ~ Vi, ~i1;p!, ctro;r 19'J1ffJ P. 11;5 ..

l7'&:t't!!tt' from the Ri ght !:tr.:V(!,T$l'Id }40n~igr:¢'t' JO:;Jeph ti .. Orow10Y', editor o f Our Slindq V~. ;!tor .. F~bru(4"Y 2) , 1966.

~"

~r 13, ' 19'38 ..

;,.';.:: ·'l'.~ ~

18

in $':hl)lan8:,'t;lol'l 01 true de.7.0ct'llcy f.1'tld its df).J'anfl~ • • ,!19 The 500"t)CO eub~cribet't3

mo r~ceived th.$ Vi~~t~· \;101.l1 rl howe theit~ viewJS oi" the I>JropJf;;m et'is1s, highly "

<»lOll'~)d by tr:1 a b~· lJ.nd of "A1aa!'ic.m C~thoJ.;j;.e1G>'1.i • .f1

~, !)211lV'~ Cathq;!1p ft~«i~01.· . ..... 1<aS loun ood by th,G aever~nd H.

i n 1910. kG w. th the other IJap49X'S, i t Gra.a Wlder etr'l.ct,dioo~t.I,*n contr\ll auM.tl~

tho te~ bot~o!elm Sept.~bcrt 1938 and :':-eptt.~f!".beZ'~19.39. Ito ItOO, OOO l:1uhacribers

x-ec(!ivQd it 01 ther at 'tr4C Church dool' ct" by subscription, "p.11il.lcr ;1,\1$ q;:iwJd:

at t he SWll$ oort oi' w<1tonOi) w.icn ret.lG the ilpitdert s Dijettt ... 20

nle Rf1aUlt~ dii'tel'Q<'i :from t ho first. tm~oe Ptmet"s In. that i t did not

fl~6 un flll'pl:ic1t Gffowt to. 11tlk O~tholioi,5m ~tl(: t\r.:wrlc ani~ It. outed Moo

eionJliom "unre:a~onabls tlnu un .. OhriatiilTl, fI and nt '~ te4 tl~:nt the lohurch ,~

denmed ult.r~nutiQn;J.iJ>m.. /!:! XOl' t he cQunu-/ itS.0l£' .. i t · .. a$ touoood on -bile

pr l1ic:tpliii tlt;lt uhen :it ~t,t$ t:,l'ong it tlO\longer deu~ed tho d~ot.io..~ or its

c1.t1Zetls. ''My countl"y r i ght or urOtlf1" tla~ not. an· Amt!lt'ic.:m 8errtit~C:~lt. So~:!ng

... ,;\ ... ic.tnl~~ as a $Ywtenl, r a tU(ll' th~ L.be oyst om, n'(\\:ld t!; _t .........- . 4\eziai¥£. trolll cny

neC:Q:lsi t y ,to jUti:tii"y Clltholiol. SIi,l i n l'e.;.C!tiou to AIooricWSt.l 01' vice",verstl. .

'fue HiIt;lst;S; evan .had oCl-cilsionai. ki nd mrds r'01' in~ivj.du01 CoL>r':uni$tt} 1!bo bad

~J'l(nm eo!;cern over s:ome l;oc1al. i Gaue . Uni\o::." oo.t€lly 'tihG. Bss1sW, did rot

real eo oont ld'Jnt 1.'1 ih r01a:tivelibot'olit~ t hat it was 'lRL!.l :1ngto takiQ' urrj'

s~nd vhioh !:1i.~nt he teo unl :0t::ul,;JJi •

~e _ !·~r.dej,·~,; unlike the o thl!t'"6, w,a.r~ llOt tl diocesan p<lp¢7.. It 'fJllS be-

,p in 1869 i \\ St. P<lul by Jo~)ph M~l" and hta.u roma1l"\'1i)d\ tn thtl' control or that

£~UY'. Originally i t ~at) a. OerfMln la:r.gua!:t~ p;)per 1ntenOOQ .for C:atholic

8e-t..tl.a-G in t ho 1'!.tln0sota $ 03. It.1I fOI'm..t \ flil!l cl.!l(ftil? to'.) t~t of t~ $$oul

Pll~1t' t ··an a l-elig,toM ox-g.a.'"),-. It had, during the: YClilr of ("~')te13ibe:r'l 1.936 ...

191bid", M:.!re'n 19, 1939 , .W .

B. nitllfrtt, A(MQoill~ ;~i t.<)r' of ,l'!1~ ~lJ!\1'~:r C.~tholtC

19

Septe!i!ber, 1939; an eY.cellentC\JtTont evente Sl:0et ion deslul1{ botb w.ltb 1rrter ..

I)!lt 'tonlil. ltl'nd. {lnt1.onal iesU~;$ . Its l i"ad art.icle of ten d(Jal.t wit!), ~wm0 pre$s1n~ ..

8001.::,1 i ssue, The p.wochitd ~wrLil corMrl'Jiv,g; Catholic accieties andact 1vi-

1 03 \1Q.l3 ai ven a pl~ of' q\li fJ t seeluglon {~'t t...~ ba.ck of t.1:le paper l'Jlther than

t he pl ot' prmrJ.netl(l0 on t he front page :1toccupi ed in tho otherp.'W8rn.

Although not a diocesan p.ap(~f' , 'fb.~ /~~el" did 000 Uself' os tltlsvor

~~ekblg 1i'~re ,tban W~£I v.ntruetsd to Uri} by oUt' eecl~t.ll.a$1ticlJll ottpC':riot't'I, tl#V01"

l endiojJ but' p,-"n to nnrthing t hat W,lS not in full hj~mon.r~tith t he W-ghest

ideae rm.d l d631f) of CQthol1c jourrHll.ii;W-l.!)21 Da~lP1 te sllCh rumble ~tet!llnt6.t

,!he thnderol" d1d" in fl3.l~·t. dit' : er r~d1co.1ly in iT

pat's, p.'lr tieularly il"om. t n0 first three.. It held dissentinei vic,ws on thQ

issues of ;mt1 ... F'iOIltit!~, COt;$:lUt'lisIn ;J!d; pWlt'ticlJiarl~. on th$ fl\, .:m1sh OiYU

ilal' ..

'fllese, t.hQrl; .at"e th~ £i:ve prpero dev~t with in this thesi~ .. l:'ow' a:r13

diocet;.att oont4.'olled'. If' Catholici., despite i ts adVsnood $OeW beliefs as

r'opresant" by the -encycu.ctUs, had f ·ailod to t.y! an 1nf'luGno'O in ~ SQn%'·ch

£ot a: tle:w SOCi el. ordor oecas;,oned by t he tlep.r~s:.don, pU'hRpa an atl$tIW.X' lq 1n

the a.ttl tude $,.'iQ~m b:v the ~~blet. PUO! -~d t.he ... V ... 1,.s1 ... ' to .... ' .... ~ .Tl1e1;t" i ntAnse dedi ..

cnti(1) to tl1a ¢l3t~b11~hed orde'J' eou.ld r'lOt }}lj\!'G been l!)"lC}lc:lO!lli'f)l"t t.o tb(}$e WO

hoo 10ft'!;. ta1tJ:'I in tha't orneX' . If t.h.e ae,:1f;tWt' dtdnct fjUfJpOrt tha.t View, .' • r

nei t.tl.'ll' did 1t tak@ a f irm s tand agai,rar'i it.. For tho(> teaeMnee or the ency.

eli,cue tc :ro,\,ICb the people i n t.h,e United Stat.mo:, tht!lY n.'td to t:\.ret fUter

through t:le hl~tarc~. As :reprM~ntcd by those p~ra, tre tilt~dng pro-

Coos »'lS d1s.astt'()US.

It w uld $e~J t;ru.'i, tha't, the CathoUc pl"~GfJ , as :t"epr(H~li!nted by fo·tlr of

thO{l0- paI't!:f'S, gave l i ttle ~'r'€ll l cndauhip to a pCl'Jfll e ahGIium b;r t.~ f~lllr"

2l'lb1'l 'dQ,nd~er*, JUM 1.5, 1939.

.. ~ .. r?t;~ ~

ro •

c f the,it' econondil) ~$t$fllj' o.l.'I1O$t o.f~ tho1:rsoe1ttoty. i.I! l Ll'b. ~uld tba er:t, ecboed,

l1y:U.l th.e pl'~H~rO, 'l;.hat {(to:h ra'!;m:"n to "Cm~ ili3tl!.M\ 3:i ViJtlg m'ld Chrbt:ltln i t1l:!t.i,,:, "

tutiOh~}ft In~an wht:-"u A~t"·1"iCi3n Catholics fat;ed Europ~an tot.alital!·ilni~ 'tb:.

able CIt: unuilUng to matcEt .nr.y t'1UbG t.anti~l G01'l '.t' ibutiong to P!1I·.;.>r5:c,,m !:'Pe1etv'

t a .~ Of' dotr~iSt5.C 'eriS"j,:'J, pornap$ th~Sf;} pt.WCi'$ could CiV~ clu'$ction to

U'iOir .f~low ricafll$ tiS t hey ~u6ht to un1orst.:md tho European tutua ti~n .

.", ,'. ,;.,,~ ~

21

.(

GHft.P1'rn !!

'l~ tl& I q'tiF. Oil' 'fm~ liAR

fUn PQs:i t1on· of aU tll(~ p"f)e'l"$ {;!{it'l be ~0d up." to Ii!. groawr or leuget'

exwnt" by thnt of The l.-,'a.qqerof': R'~mb0:r ~rld ~t' 1., In ~zrt.tempt, to

O:lVf.l tho lrlO!'ld for demQc:r-ac.:y~, 00 s ;;t¢t'ifieed our lllm to pr~sert"e notions wmoo

(;Inly intC1.·~li)t W8S in r~tGinl;l~ pp'We:t' Eltlp retltlC,jr. In 1939 as, iTt 191'" 1i:lJX'ote

cmlsed 1 'ttt own trQubles bccmt$1J Qr 1.ts uncontrolled w eed. l.rd. tl1t";ir sine <i.e-

.. &"'Ved ~t."lOl't. Only Ifl Qhan~ of ho8t"t, c. w.Ulingn@ss to gi-va up t he st;,lt!,l§

~ a r etl,u"n to Ght'btiQ.n i t".st.1 tll't.ions ~ndCb.t'i.srthn l i ving ooul..d $<iiVe Ell'"

rope. MW'r1ca oould b>llst oontrihute '00 r-;urope$ PfJ~oe by g('jod i:«Gr .. tple and

by tatldiI"~ to i t 9 01!;ti prQf)lem-n lit bllMlE> rmd in k l'M.n .!\:IIeriea ..

Ilktth tne I'tQbl.~,t..,id t.hQ .V!itti,1»r h~0<~ th-lt ;l t v,u$ t hl'!> ~tlft:~trl. stfi.

t.lho 'IJMltod tts tc heCOOIO invol ved in III Jil'lll'Opean wat". 1'llo. l1lot 'liuS not so t)l!)..

phllticilly aga1n~t 1nv'01V'~ent 1n Irul"O"",f 3 :d'tnrc as tm'o t he Tabl.et and th ,..., . V!8i:tPr .. :ttl h ot tt setl~ffd that if the $r.erJ.\Y :bl l~u:rop-e )a,d he:an RU!:lti!1a r attl'ftl"

t!'taO Qermmy> that t .he ~lot, wol1l41havfi1 bfJ$' ro than wUl~ to~(Y',.,me :in..

Volved. AfJ t he $ituAlt1on stood. i n tM :!'all of 19;8. the Pilot ;(}dVocatad

~ralintwvElntion without b~)it1H 1l;oo prooiM aa to 'W1:mret.~!tt ended Qnd pbys1 .. ,

cal 1ntervef'lti ol'l be~atl .

The a"Biste~ vlil.c11lated" unw11Ur:gto t~k6 a st.'Uld 'but recognit1nu tlu.t -- - $

t ho Ur.itEJd Stau.s ~uld prQb~blq hllWG to inten'eno ~yentt1~y. In tilQtavmt" .l

t.~e Rcgistmt pro\'1rl.sed 1 1;8 $1.lpport to t he \ira- e£ l'<:wt. 'I'be Re!!!: tel" oont further

t h.-.n tOe f':Uo~ by a(ijv:oo~t1ng a pn;ys1eal quarant.:i.ne as ,!!ell ~(ymoral s.met:ions ..

SttUJ. , i t, a,zrfH')ci wS:t.h t,h~ o1.\.Mr~ that both oidi:la \<l~e :t.n thi& wroog •

. ,~,\ ~ "

22

1-!uc11 of the 1s~ltlt1oni,sm st%l1!1$ t o h.av~ been 1) re~ul t of tt1f:~ u-ag10

d1smUi91omn~t ai'ter ~r'ld kltir I. J\ll 1'oughtafldfte;t the ~~ee:nn.trlet! of' tlliiAt ..

AUCi1't when, ~ tm!, i<\lndf)l"tr, odd, l'allnoGli no 1o.X' undo hie GCtiilns, but

1tlMn 'the fot' ee ([)fcit'num$t·anc:e~ belidne .t<:;) a$se'rt t t m!ll.f .. tl1'C!I .1:'l~ .. ~$1"I});' thatmomente~ ·..n:~n the RussO ... G~~ alliance brok$ thfl bQlooce of rilO~t'

in 'CUl"0 'Oe . Once ~~in the ,t:ount.1:" 1os 1nvolved "'Xlud 3P to W<ll!' t o t'~ea~hl1sh

that b\ll~ ... '1CC. au t " The ~dc.l"~.r pl'odi et6d, 11 A oow baa1$. or european ~'l'~c. <, __ ," '1 r

Wlst, be so-uaht Ql1d t:"l.tU'tl/J ia no:nQ that rdll r.,r*aound UQ6lPt intm-nat ionil.

Justtce.1I1 Until &;u."ope ~ l"()Qdy to face: tb~ tuaeesai t;( -or cl.W1ge,. the llni ...

t.0d $t~ tea v.euld not 'b~ Gole 'to helf~ her ..

ftte T~2t. t-;)Q. bel1~ad anoth~· 'W~l!' ~l¢l se t,tl e notbitl€h "It was

tbe i.<bl"ld liur tihieb gave,> hw!i~it;., seat!."). Ifi tlet' and J1u.$~Ur! . ., • .if« Q$

only be.glJ)ts t Ol'ee. tt 'fbe greed manifonWtl in the 'rl'eaty 01' V«ra:i't:Ul~9 ~ld.

endl!'t-ll lJrty flOpe o£ 8> Intl!t1ng peace afttn" th~ last 'liar . Aoother /1\"c~t.y of Ver

aUloowuld follow tM~ ~.2

the iP1l2z. gtr,0n..11tlg a thGtle popular af'tl!t" the md of ~-brld \liar 1#

talk~d ~f the econotlic ad9'$,\ntn{l;f:?s- a V4ll' brO\lt.ht. ~so:tfAe .1ndu~t.rt.lUitJt$ ~.d

tinafleiertJ.'the AmericQ'" pe.Qpl o ~e [foJpos for t:h>~o men in 1917.. 'l'hey W3t

r~t tau. into t he 'S!ime tr$,'P again .. 111.. #'$ oottwl0u$ ,0 1" ~=t.v' ~ $.a~e ~U;' ...

peon ~mnQ.cr tW:f if 03 !be lieR$~- CQ1'lc\il't'r~ rlF,ven t h@ t'Uin 0tl;urope 01' Q

Nn£i*f.bv:te t vi ctory 18 not worth an Amet'lOral b\'>y' , 11£ e . fl4

the difficulty of {<)b 1$Olatloniat $t.and, of course, ~'Ill that it lett

I.lrs,c:ntlS· unabl~ t:o oh3l't th.c oourse of ev-~'Jnt·$ 11)wh1ch tlbq Me. not \Jet to

becc~ ir'l,\IOlv~. but whi~. if lort tQ otbc>P ~rid:t~. lIl1.eht 1tlvolve t~, aft~.

~ Wnndtn:;~, Augtlot 31, 3.939 . 2~ Eh"QO~t:ll Table~Nove~t'19 , 1938 . ~ . .. I

~e, ~~~n !~lP.:!, June 2,,) 1' 39.

3tn~ 29nver9a't.1»l1e R~bte1", AUgust )1, 19)9 •

. ':.'.'

23

Tl".e P9PCref'e'~lized t his, !~~eh had its own $l)lut1on. PrUNlt" U;y these

l''SVolveti ax'\Ollnd tho PO}l0 t S ,call .t~;r peace lIthicn t tw pz~er(l lntl!tlTll:.~etmd as a .. pl~a that manQIlf,1ng~ t ril\rl,t" 1»ay;s" tb~t thi;,1"@ be a t'DOl"al !'e.Q1'l'l:la."IlMttl mieh 'W)uld

fot"'Qstall ll~f' ., As: t.lle TQb12ts~d, ItMor.!ll t;'e-~~"nt . qpiritual ~Ocgt'~.mS1

I.m~:tY' for' l\.-"''l«Ut!O$ 3l'ld ."t'iC!U'l l.W,tU.tl, uill .saon~ ~')'Cll p~ac~ . uS

The Pope appal'ently:l.nGued hi$ first ea.U tor peace in the i'all or 19)8" Th:i.s it.l1t!.31 iltte~t Wtll£\ £01101.:00 per1Qq1callyb'J ot..'ler p~al osll$

l or llmoval l' l~1'lt. (t 'rh~ ie'!IlJ't.~'l' stood with t.~(!. C)t hQr papa"$ whon it

pt'llisedthe 'ef!ort$ of Frmlkl1n D. Hoose\"("J.t. }i~e Cha.$herl<\\1n tmd If';douJAl''d

tblud1(lf" 'ltD find ~1~ tp, P~Q'I$, But it $tOOd wi,til th~ teo ~Mn 1 t r ei t

" iltOO that tbo onl)" W:1~r to 1.3'.fttng peat'll) was tho tI:y ot Ftus l.I_ 1't"a:Y1lr.6

~. Wanderer stoo--d alono in it, ,bal'.ds that pr~fJr alona ~}ilG not e~

nou.g:ll. p(~_ lItJtlld not OOl'ltf.l ~'tmu.tf.d·fcwt", vlthcmt dQ:t~t totlY.HJf1)%'$u . .nd

the, C2.U3$ of t.h$ 'Butropenn t~siOM. "thlS f~eople must be sivon ~elo<U" pie;..

turl) ·Qf the p:rinc:tpl'!j~ which hu-fle been vioh:ted ~nd t!li.s p1eturli:l must ~ free

& 0111 national1$t.1c 'v~nitie$ o~·' I4tltipllthfree-. l1 tm $:ttu'tlon wa(~ not so silllpl e

M whim \thrist1':lnity tlrecd: the Moal.mns, each oine cl~11 d(tllnentad. Chris

t!M)ity, arA t he laCk ot it, ~o found, - S:n 19)8',; 0.D both sides. ~ COnL.'Ui!'r

Hi tler lf~~ ¥lOt nel.$sllm;'Uy W bring Ohr!" tla.n1ty, s.ne tOO!T9 prinos:'ples \!lb1()h

wuld i V1su:t'e pe,.tce tn ,tuP. tl1ture, to Europa $'f'J mot'e t fwl1 'tt) 'be a.created by

biro llIO'J:ld ilialiln t he end of Uhr1'St1ard.tq,.1

A M-Maa oJ.' b~1i\;!'t~ a r eturn to praf,ol'; " t'o.rturn to God-... tbesa w \ud. be

the a.~W1'S of tr1ng1ng pe~e to Europe,. One mu~t b(d.n 'Wi th 'Jith~t hsirde-st of

.ill n'UWln aeto; nClll.f' ... r enune1.:rUon" selr""c-mtj'U cst. • . W1 th. hem." t3 iT:eeo! .QU

hatred. ~11'\)''01':l of the ~'ftet·w.. {18 ,

5!hm .~lm.!.~f~t, flpr U 1, 1939 .

6'0\9 ~er C~t.ho~~£ .R~~rj &tp*bM'29, 1938.

'rJ'lfle ~de1"'i!l1" !{a:y 4. 19)~ . 6,lb1d,.. F~~ 4. 1939.

",\-:0"

2b

rtl~ . 1·hndE'~!t' hoped that "tn the lnt,ertlst6 'Or Itrt.llU"ootiol"lQ). JUlIlttee and

¢l'dOr, too n0a(!$~.nt7 f)t~Oi"it1ee5and 8djus1:;.nn~nts '\dl.,l be mad('!';, u? A$ t he I~~p:

$nt.1 ~ t , there 'W~1l DO oroic~" 1-f1th so tnU® &~truet1.oo po"~iblO;t the Boston

pflp4llr agrol."d with t.'le V1r.~tot that It\oJ;ltl 4U'flcult"to ~Me1Vt'!!ot aWM of ..... -.. "

.,egreoaiofl whiCh can be: jUS.U.f:l.Cd. t11O

Bel1e11ing tM&, tnt'> Pti~~ ~el~ emmer-lain ' a peit~OO QUarto .at the

titilt.a or the C~eeb.sJ.oV3ki$i cris..:ll", '& ··Y"iitt l e a.ot part.. of tm1rt'mthu~d..o .stt.te

Sltpport of Ch.lll'lberl.nb'l ~i{~a b ~s0d on their bal1."f that O$oohslovaJd.a \IllS n."t

;or1.l} '\>1."..1".

ThQ TSbl "'t :r~t'1 an edi torial h'6o~d tr~:J.t.~1 'WHJ:.l' FOR?" C:'ie«'1s1ovatda WQG,

the ?_QQ101~..u.(,d.ood.. none of t't~ i lleal "tbtat.,ch'Udr'en ()f t h<) lG.!3t 'N.at . ll It

crOQti¢tl ot t he r:-c~ty of Ver saUlof, intended to J'lrov~nt ~s!l e~on3!on,

muT'Jil a-o-o..,lled >Czee~s ;.}ctu~n1 f ... ~a un10tl \d:tb, the :ttQi.ohc W1y- 1-1m-- OY,f!t'

t hat oountrY. p.art1clll<!U'll-~' 1n Viell of ite ,ma~::mic-com~1$t.10 a~t!Vi ties.

IIPr,aEr41S .. . i s th" h~Q.d ,ufU:'ter:J of the Grtmd Or1~at. Wt1Q!!$ ~g~nt1h ., .. bavQ re--

cOO.;V$Q: \.~rd to bl(Jeit Ui.:tl~ ~t :aU oo nttJ. f-»~e b al.oo So li}a~ ~t\tor

for t he ~ativ!t1(jS of th'3 Com1n.~. • _ • (Ill -

PSI" froll. l)':'tr~11l'lg jQ!jt~ i n h1$ wllllng.nes$ to ~.prolllise over C~~

.sl()'v~1;"" Ch=erl~1tt 'IlOuld e~1 ~vm. !n hidcq \1S G t:bs-gp1on of f.'~i'1lc&. Bt' had

lost It-aU an ,auPi!Ol"t. becatl S(li 01 t;he l:b!"i t i sh :i'.lpPOl't of the Lcttgtl.e of Nation8

s:.mat.wfi5Igaj,rt"t, IWy. v$<!Qkness at bome, £oatb,t'ed by SOVist p .. ~a prop ...

gilnd" wM.c$ t"o!tUl~d ill. :r~~t1\'mllt l1.ke t hat Q'f tho MOl"tt Un10n and b,' a

rG-!l1i~.'ltion "n t.~o ptlt't of the l\1agU ,. h t h . t t ho r G;ll #OUt'C'e of eo»l"lict 11tH

not Germa.v l)ut llunsia and t he Ma~, tllOllm. th;a,t Cil£)lnberl,d.n hatl 00 choice

but, W ta~~ 'tile u.etS,on he d1di!U

91'ht l\~d;erttV J ll'ebrulU'Y 2), 1939 . lOour J5!d~ V~t4~r. October 9, 1938. 11100 i1;'O~lcl~ 'tablot, S0p~er 17., 19)8. 1.2lbUl.u October 15, 1936.

'",'

2~

'ibeV~i_ WpPQl"ted th1s s:taud <If tho 'f~Dlllit.. t~ tIle V!.~~~,; C~eCl.

QslQvS:ldn~i.ls b.a$ie n1.l:y Q..-m.an. The Qn1.yv~~f!!()n its di~~t:j;l':~nt tl4l:d. 1'0..

" o~!v~(loo t."ruCh at-to.ntioll \11M1 ~au~ Qf a,ait;(llti,Q1'l or:i.gin.attngfr;')t4tl.1G b:itnd

qUiU'ter.s of th.~ Grtafid or1.'t'nt. m ~'r~lr:ue. Jb::tcord1lle to ·t.h~V1:s:im .. tho< tJJI'~OO . , : J . ?_ .ti .:1

OTte:nt ft;;,tVG i t$ ~p~tlkt .. ' S to· d\l~Ad.il., IToo£ l>t ~:4a Vt'l.~ I':r~'I'U4 '$ pt/$l .tlon ns

a. kft1' $U$'l,Pli,et'ot muni ~/.)r),$ tQ the 6p-~ah ~iUist$.. ln, QQU:itiiil'l'l. PraIDlo ws

malin fot' ittt, $1pport ¢.r Lwn mUll. ~is 'W>!lS tile I1rioori ty tihieh bad r~s1"ted

G~_.'4 action . ., in Ct.ec~)elQvaltl·a\. TI'le1 d1d n()t deo~G our lIlup~t.OI· '001'

~atby~13

the wandetrol"t UilUktl 't,heoth~ PliP$1"S, qtl$l3tiORM ~hel" fit.1M" cO\ud is_.. .

'be tt>u.gtedtok~ep' tIle pe.~~. offered b;rthe C!t$c:bO$l.ov<*:1w:leQ1}\p,rom!$$" 8$

~t 1!J.1th0l' bl'llak' his agt't.leme.nte (}1" ttwn to Rus s;i,o< tot' an .$llythflreby d~

aft'qying thl!t balilllC of' POW1i!t" in E1lr(Jp& afld 1I:'U.lll%'i b {[ !f1lo:tba' Wa:Ii' fal' tM,t:, .etCn-.

t,10$fit, Fortunately" fh!4!_ ~~~t11f' I!f't ~'tad, R\rsf.Ji& h.;J.o been e:xcl.uQed trot; the

~t'Uer~r!'t. A~f 'th$ ~ttel" ~dJth~ countq ~Q~ hU!lU1.at.ed, ~d f Ji"Ql'n po\\"'Ell"

1tl tho Jt\l!'<)p~:9n (U,:plo..'!ll1tie $~.lggl(!! . If m. U $t' ,M!ut.!lmIlQ him 09€W~~t, Q.

lmh noe Q£ pQw€'.rcoul .d be cfrl,;;.ibli$hQd ~eh ~1)ul.ct f.~&fiJ Sr1tG1n ,a,-ld h'<mC:9

l."tmn ~ny nea' to eCUl' t ijnasi~.14

Ch.at'Aberla:in, '1'be. loIanoor k'lr ' cop.cltldGd. It.ad '$Uo~ii)d$o{l in remorivg Kus,sb . '~ J

trom fJ.lrop~an u:l!'l.\l~me., ition'tever ol\lel a f.ool1llg'$ about. Cs~~lov6k:if~~

'lb" watl~!'er .eoo V;tth tillllotAlO!!' PlrIP·Sl"t'l t eet1ml'1t,iQn «>£ the t~th of t~t ",. .,. " ' !

country .. "",'t!:H\l tact N:M1nedth~t lIi.t~ bad bo .. :rt Airli)l"ted. Poace will a.ti11 po,...

siblll!", 1)c}~itf!, i ts ! 'ealr$ ~f fd't.leI', . fh.f'iW:an?rr~ too· t!liUP'POll'~ ~l;.'U\Qt '$

"riw..s t.finteter.-

'l'h3,s support wa~ bQafM1 to oome Qtent 01'1 fb.$ 'ltiQtlOerEtl'" tJ beUtt£ that , '~

130~!mdQ_ Vi~1~.ot:. Oot.<)be:r2; 1936.~t'l$ \~~'O/!~J October 6,,1938 •

• • '; .• ,_ .',7"~.~

26

Mtler dtd not Wcm.t lvat' 4111 moro t~ l~itain 01:' fr't!'(irl~.b 'i'1:i9ib(tt.~d.

1lAa' long al'J Chtffi1bCll"b in Mil IJaladlet.' , Iii tJ.er ond· ~!u€loolin1 ho~d tho ilelW0l" ill.

f:;lJt'opo. th.or~ ~ he 00' wgr . ~, '~ , flUitJ.6:f' hold not ~antt!d WiOr ov~ Czecho.

tUovilltia and "trthe'uehr',er \fnow that by tnrflltltcn1r:g FOtl;md hG \t)ulrl a.otlally

Oa\l~e t4..'lt' " btl! wtll.d cease hi,s threat$. .' • . ' 1 ...

b ~3ceewr<»uld oot (ti,$MUt} CZeQhosl.('N,*1a so eaeily 00 tne o~t'

P~Hi·.l"'. It $i)W t'ignt :md ~ng on both sic1~s of t he dispu.te • 'roo; U ltie '1'b~

~€£; tb~, Ftff!s,t!!' .t-eal'e<i th~t 1fltl.ar IIiOtlld i rltlgrprQt a ttpuuce at arq

priCQ!I poliO}' a6 t-Jeakmn~o. !L'hi$, howENer. (ltd not m<-Iln th~t tOO Regis'tIW re-" $

oignerl i tt'Jolf 1» t hf:! inev1taMi:ity o'l 'War as i t telt 80 tnuny or 'its eounUi'y ..

rntm ~r0 doirl.~. 'the ~er PIlP(!l" iltV1,blltoCl titus tu:ndlUngneea to. "''Q~ $f.lQt'o,b.

irlg rot' a ooluticm t,Q .the. problem. of raUer to the control of the 't' nd5.o- T)1'eSS

. 1,6 oo~Cat1on $T:Jtem by p.ro-t~ar cli,:;tu9a .

tho 'l'@~t f~ag aloo ,ilt1ill!'e , o.t ~~ ])l"~wJ.n"f~et,.iQl'l$ 'Suying, ''OUr Gnc~

is i\"otl'>vi thin-1t, h t~ Clapitnl,istiQ, btw(:)au~ .. ';\t1.e'J \lOmuttmis<t1cOlqllloitera

~;'10 ~ea:te u~,~t~. discord" 1n"ust1oe .. diVioicD ll,;."ld 11;;rte .. 6l7 fho Vi$1~r

td~'fled u1.tb t:.b1a· lten~Nm...tdtJ:lint} t~. "It htu! bncome QultMt.he oro: ..

or the da,y 1!ocr ~ie,,",n polit..i.CiA¥lf1l .and ~1iitI'lSl'Mln to dfJmliIDd t.~1iit derttJin it~·

.pa,;m pOWl"~ eotlfor", to J.l1Jiel"'iC4i'l: ide,ale, of demo~.;te;r. to .Il~y~ th'e Vi$'$.tOl"

~n~e4 .. t his concarrl utt.~ eonto1nibg l'''a.se1S1'l'l ~llt.'it1 00 1.1ttl& WB said u'b:l.ut

thtj dans~vs of C';Q.ll1-.i$ll1?18

Why md~1 Pt.Jrtl.y beoatHJ.e,. illS tho 1'$bl.wt l tldioQtod, too~e 'f.ilo oono.

t.Voll~d \1:10 c:otooa1ni.oa;tlons iMustry t.-cJ'e 6 :uIJJiumvt1e in th.eir" 't4nd$nQ:iAili~ and

~rath1~'$., But W(!)r"O all .in t he cO~(Ult:iona W.s1M61$ ~st $~l)thbeT$'1 ~........... ij . tS':*...... " S; _. "I ' ....

~$ . Brc.ok!m 1'~b]."'t, FelJru.#j" 11. 19;8 .

l:~ Jjt.:)l~or lea tho~lc :te!i!~!:; SGpt.nrmbeJr 24. 19.38 ..

t~f# '_!!1:.~·~~rl~'~.19.36.

"";' .. '/\~ . '

Ij.'t

f'\'!~bsp$ oot, bU.t thQ" "$I'$ pr1)aa.rUy J (!;;isn and tho Jtn~$ 't'Ouldnot oo~i l'.ate

'tt:.l get ~$ into rl~ if ~eoest.lYr.i tA:/.h.dl p thlJir brotbn :'s l b; Ot!rn:nlY-. "

In Q speech (lQvet'lSd by' the 1?il';l~\~ tJm itl'S'Vot'l:rod p~ !f .. Duft .;.li' of 14iU' ...

.,Jtt~"l a't WI" :z:;r,c,-;I:J.l' l:uifr.qge (!.;ama !'rom. "lUcmofl(;)liz~)d rzd neil! ties, !l

frOlll a "tro~t4:tAt~ pra$f1t kept c.' .1>'ama., a~d sIJb:lidi.zcd t..~atttr6 ouned ,end con-

trolled by t.he m~erfJ of l!XIJllitiona ~"ld deal.ers 1n I.icJl~th" .. ., •. 1$ 'PhI; sr;oeskar

went on to point out th::ftt;,\()r~ au~rti-k\nv w",r~ dyi.ng <>n tho Stf!tpp,Qst'1a. ... J .~;';$

tn a~'1IliJny , f;'l!lorl.cans, ho ecn't:l.nt.t\tld" tt.""-!t'~ n¢t ~llt'Q 'of' t h.' ,~uemiim morl~C\l

booause tho}, ~e ~m'b t.rded by pr()png~d$ rroUi Jtm. r~a.~k and ~iltr.llSton Church.

ill wtl.1lo llJ~n like fr'a ther CU.:lrles ~~. Co~in, 'Il11!l'f;! s:Uetloed. f¢'~cans h~m:'d

onJ.;y ~h~t the "Ju<lt,gUn ... {i,grf.:'lOO in~pir'ed, Gra~ Or~nt Uu,t".onry ... lod" t ntt;:it'na-

tione1 t inanae.ooppot>U:id aRt1 ,·C~:t;hol.ie ~.4 $ltl ... A}:l\ll"i.~l1 mov~t wa.nted them 1) _ ,_ . , . _ _ ~,

to b$a!t' lOU !!rar:b{:J.fd.S the autblt>t: ' o.J' 'l'bG GP~~eh ett<1ed ~l1tb an appeJil t.i'lat ee~

ol.:i.es :road 't."loU- pFEf$)'I:l tQ'if ~ia 't11!Ue pl"C$c.ln·~.tionof the llCW'~ t he r.dseion () !

'Ie Catoolic Uouth. n+·

"rha stnnd of t.'le ;l'i'lb~ctt lI!l$oot r~n(lcted by the Q tb"I' :P~~s to tno

!S;lllI!$ ~xtAnlt 0'1' bitt1Jl"nQa's., 'The ~:$a~'W::' d~ "'pi te its l'Gj:'~$nc~ to p.. spld-

ollt pr\'lJI!)~, bl~ed the _r!can 1>d.ll1~~S$ to ~ 011 a; 'ftElbe ~~(1me'"s$ to 'mnke

thla wrld right f.c;r-d&,j~Q~·Q·QY. ellt'epean1J \>tet'u l"'arutr to -p1sq flown G~~

I t.UliQll ~l')m.onth r-by tlWlt AMri om;l s b~ ~ 'belli gerent'l20'l'hc, \;ot)dQt;Ill" ~3G ~ e _ 1 _

in f{onerw. · e~f;umt with the il0j'Ji st$r:. nleo tending to r~jf.<;t t he ffQn~ '. (

rom .. wtth1nft t.l::temo. 'rhtl oth-ar I.lupors s.wod c1os .... x to t ho 'View of t.'le Tablot,

a.lthougll theu- ant1.,S~litic bias w:.\s $u~h l ass.

tn~· Catholic p :.pars oowa te:red tM,$ demtm4 rot' 'Ut'.1 ted St;j)~~ 'P~tio1pa-

t10n in tne Viii%" by r0tttl·ntn'~ to t.b~ir B~;nd t hat, (JUl' ot'll,:r 1nta:rv tin tJ.nn should

19T~EnrQ()~1l!! 'rab~ october 29" 1936.

2Ot~ ~nv(l1" C~h91.1G . neiig"." N~eh 9, 1939 •

. . ~ .... ; ".,~ ,

2B

be l;.IOl'al, not pJ:\y1il1cal .. Umt'tt' i<lH:t;; W:l3 n;:it t..~.e @.s.:or. lit l.east to 'l.'h" ~liilt..oot'

.2t t..b!ch .o;tr~I!JSocl 12'm>t a st~'1et :poli~ of l i1Otl ... :tnUMt(*nt'ion ~;3;a II~ oonbl. of .t he "

oolit!l!.Wi ty ·ot trn" i' ronUy o1.~nat1ona,. ..in direct oont.\" ndict.iQn t.o tbe CO~

~ents of cn-ar1ty gnd ;1u,(rt,1.ce. u21 /'rfT :in~onUon:, hO'-M't diu not ~

clun\a t ne i.ltJQ of Violnnce., It s imply I'lUH'Jnt that IIU' th.$) iJazi l'llOOd. <:lO~;POX'&.t

in tl.C~1ng lik~ m:'ldlfl ,th$ Unitmd fIt.t!'Uea and t he at-hell!' :O i)tion.~l oi'thewl'.l.d who

{i)t Ul boU!We in or dq..r t:md detlonuy bave .a t'iltht to protect t holU$cl.v(?s by as!<'l

t a'blishing a virtual ll'1Or lil. qUarau'tiM of G_m~ through t.~ $9'Y'l:H·t~[l;CC ·of

dtplom.atie a.>'ld trZilde r~lnt~.o'·' 8. 1:;:;2

the .R!ij!i ata> dis':;lg.Ve~ S01;lf.!lwhli!it. U1t1 ..... :f' 'WQ8¢'ur buru.rH~ao ~ llocoul.d

nQt r 0lla inoU,ont conc~nina the flt~&rS~ an~-J0'A&h .~O~$oo::;t. 11 no ml.~tter

0hiit, t r.Q CO$t~ But tJtts st·nt,ol'll'ent :i.nd1c a~~d ota1.;y ollO ofr.t_ stlJtlds:ts t he

.·1"11s;ter nuttercd betwi\lU Q t:~C.. and unt,i .... llar aumd. It \lOul<l ~d, m t h

1:.lle :N:ll~ t;, in .it $011(1.1.7 1a.>1;:tf;lioM.ot pODit..i.nn nf~' th~ dU4tt) ..ofii'man $lllance

in .~gtlst of 1173'). Untn thea it uonld vne1Uata, hwy bothered 0)1' it~ fe#

t."lat t he count.l",Y 'iltlS b&1.'1Y led in to ~at' Ggaifmt its mll) not by ;i oobve'C.'oive

c .mr.:un1Q9.t1one cl1' .~~ but bY' tho €tOV~l"t'\m.j!'tlt itooU * If t,h~ UI;}rewm"t the

ac~~~ pt'om1sGd to tlllPPOl" t n~sev~t,. -~J.t lmti,l. th.~.n t~ VOOPlll badQ right

1':.0 ,lItno~i his 1f1~nt.1ons nYj to stet? in ht'S deci&io:n m*1~,* 2)rlw rilct al~ . --

.gdV'~ some- tho~)lt to tbo l)Qs~il:iil:l..t,. t.'1at, t.1l~ !~es1dent m~qht be illIan1pula ting

the pro...w;n" $coti!'f.lrlt ·.,

Tber&\le!"s, then, tm plot~Q fn'/obe the ttn.1ted stutes 1n tl~ Europ~

lim.\'" If There IfflS the tb:!llltUnit:rt-Jamsh ,lot ,p~t"r!%'otat«t t~lgb tho eO!lU'ilUnica..

tiona. $.YGt~ they cont!'olled. ~hercW'a$ also a Pr.em.dential pl.ot~ lUng

tola~~~ the ltt.ut t ..,. o1t th3,t , th. papors, \11»Q'(tel'G<i yo,t a tbttd ploto-tbe Anttlo-

221h1d.., &vomh"t' 11, .. 19,;$.

2~ ~V~ Catholic Re£ctGtr:r! flPt'1l.27f 1939. • - ... £ ~ " -~

,,';.: .... .,?~ ~"

29

~):tGneh pll)t. t~11Y then, :'1.'1 t."le ~fibl,eJ il$\;;e-<l, <;gl.l.cn C~ni$Jti' 1:!A8 'W\\}1'SO t...hen

tiad sert) lJh~n t..ne i>:r~a'tm$nt (:)f Cat bol i oti'/ :(UlaN" COl'Jit~~ l<1tl1l 'W'.:;r llO t hQ1l t he, .. tt'('~<,l,Wmnt of th~ dO;,;., 11~ tl.aa.$.a~, :Nere ~t. bf'.iflf$ in~rZ\blY' dr" v.;ti :t'1.iD a war

~a1n.9t t..~o ~fUt6 :in 'NUl.en ~ 'fIQilld prob:lbJ;y hwro RU 'I~ia QS ~1 slly?2h

'rothe .1~l.~,t. tho bltlil1e for t his eQt'lld be p:ln 00,; Of) t..~ l<'rsneh mld

British. '!'ho Brodd;vl'l p '.p ';)I" s aw 'sY-en 1\'lV~lt ictUl oj>'~r$ of r efuge, tp a>lp ,ntr1-

ate (}el'mI3Hfi when non@ \;or& c>Ulw ed t.:;;, t.l).e Ch:rb ti rulS or " LU$i3 :U~ as " r use by

which thi!'! Itnglo .. !i\;'ench l.!JUl:" fll'o~p:s would m~1te i t awar;a" tntilt t ill;,) \l!:~te,d st .lli:.oS

stood Yith tl l.6iil (;\.&~1tl$t {)taf'lrmtlY. 25 '\;~ i801(lt '€l tlw GeI'mooe tor bc5,r,g; ont1-

dot",oc::'atie ~hQn i t "'~£1 01o"lio\l::1 t o !.U!1 b~lt. th-e t&Q st pr ejudi ced obcerver that

!ldcooCt" 4\Uc" ll!!lU~ a Uo.l·m h;,rrd1y 'I'IlOro .rit,tin~ C.or l?r4111CCOr D.ri t tdn t ban t'or

.tuasiu. 26

,~e W~d ... flt" iilloo r,et~ed ltllth iI1.cr~~td,ng ~ustr;at.1otl .and ~g61:' to . '1 _. . • .,

t hn ~tf:ccti~'O np!,op~~lOO tttnc,.qitl&.Stl ot Londo.n :and P~swbiQh :pQll!:'$Cl out

publi cut i ons G'b.·~sd!1g tt"$) nood ror lIM tv twtt11ae-n t he l1 ':t'e~'t ~·0'-lt!kt'n 8Emto-

crnc1<.>s. 1I At; 'Witll the ~;ibl (l<~ !he ,i1.$Ulder er did nat bt>l!i~e any of itl(). conn.-

trlos i lwol vod i n that dQsCZ'ivt i on, vit h the ~cep&tl of the Urd ted St at iUJ;t

war e trol" thy or being ow.ltld d!'.!l'Wcr atie. ~gland hft bonn verry eJ.eV0.l' itl

(mae ~aln PUSh1f\~ OM~~;my i ,ntc ~'i l>'O id.tion eOl\~'Y to t hat 0,£ ~ United

Stl;,t~t'r. U '11m' earme.. O{l1t~r.y 'WO· .. l d once ~;;dtl 00 t he ~t'<&$~:t' ai<>lin...¢a

'cadata, polished Br1t~nt t he ' hoMot UrQk5t:' * ehGi'g li'd uLto. tho l!lelf ... 1Q[-osod

t .a.a.k o.f k~oping a sembl rull» Q1' ord~r ~rountl t:1re t11oba. ,f21 1'}ten, th~ ~a1$t.!t

l oot f iiit.h in the· Brit ish and i"r(illCh fll;'(lt f1!)tat ionlJ d desireQ for poaQe.

tkJU(I of th~1 P~~tl, hov~al", l'J<mt tel ;,}l.ti,te the l onf,fths Qt tlte Tablet. . _ 1

1n .Qfi A.t telflpt 'to witl b (ll;i,/ilvJ!!;t's . hod , ·/ta $'.,) 0,£ ten with t ho l<il:l:'fI ~'emf; vtew-s

'.,., • J , . ' Ii::~*

2hT.:¥nX'o!.kl)'r:. ;!001.(~t. ~ovQmbcl" 19;; 19)3 f1 Z' ie?1d.) Far.l"uex-y 2, .. 1939 •.

~6-*.bit!.v }fP£eh 11" 1939 ~ " 1'l"!~ \<,and~» ~'Pli"n 61 193~. . . .Q\! fIi

,'.'> .. : , ;..;.,,,

30

ur the flilQ1e:b it \1::0 Path":' Co"ehU .. n-;.IDo~e r'Gd1Q cdr-rcl'J :lQs 'bh (>- !oo.t-?lt ,t"er~;gly, Olnd QPPl','}'dn:gly~ l'~itlt.~d-\'I'l'l.o S(l!t; the ' ace of the d011uuoJiat i¢)n.

A

~thGt" CouOdin lulq, it mud, U11Wll'tf'1(~d <I. h~¥'dbook entitlad 'fb~ Nw.t . War ..

This book ~l,~t~ pubU ohe.d by' t ha iri~ah uOO dis1rwutea to too i nflli't'

Circle of tbcir diplom';'lto . The' boo\!: ~ooit(!ined "2 'ehlltptel" on prOpag,lOOU .:md

Co~:l:1'1 oQuld ~on giva ~ riP~ fic ~;}~l.~ of how t..tw$(!l mct hoda V~ q,p.Ueil

in tr>0 united st "t&s ae t.hp Br:l.ti$hst!'lJggloo wget tts invol v,lf4<,i l .. n tJ'l.e Eu, ...

r opc<m e:riw.s. Hin (l;!talnpl.a wo." t ho ;oo'V1~fl{';¢'!'i fo8~lons 0 ·[ Q Ni)2i ... ~pyl! ~1hioh

'M not only ant1.-.G&1"IJlarer, but." ft.~ iu,\"tb-or p."'Oot at Ule tA~liQitv involved

here) it ,.';a$ O.ln'.atoQ by i!:dUGr'd G. aobin~~~j' IlwhQse o.ff""$)t~.ge n.\l11'lO 1+a8 Ern

&1illlUfll ("tOl df)nbure. ,,28 :'or the 'L';ilil-Qt tho C~lIlni'3t-Jcwifth ¢Ot"\" unieltl~o-fi6

plet , wh3.ob t:l,~S ho~'basN~, W.l$ 'll~ 11"'*0(1 witU t.ho '·aglo.;'r011¢l'l plot.

ThQ'S6 p.ape't!s. then, 'IiI(U"O Dll/SicaU J(1w·l.1)tion1at i n thait' ~pl'O~b

$ l~urof,.eml $1 tulltioll _ l'h~Jf '~t'e lrJol(.lt.l on1:;Jt pcea',loo t.hQy f el t t ht! l':U"!:lt

ibrld t~should have ttltigbt 1l.t;'lCrlc~s t hat t.~)y li~t'e pOWQrlMiS to cor,a mth

tilB e''lil Q..'ld corrupt l»uer 'blocs of f'..urop(t. 'lb~ h'elcomed and jU!3tii~ed C ...

Dcrlro.n t $I gro.b tQr p~'1Ce .at Muuich". They did not tlfl1;(l art ta1n or VI:'" IJnoe U

natUi'all aUios but as ancllde.'1t powQl"S no b r,tta< tililtl aermn~ or (f,untliu.

A..trtC.ricl). \t~m becornitlg involvesd in th~ Ettt'oJH.laI) ,fiIltt'~,tiOl:l ,uit f\i nst l'ltllt'

\:.'\ill . ua,s b(}ine con£u~c(j ·ndafrom the c;)~ist~) who wuld

Pl'e>tit from a lit.at" bt)t\.'$~Il'l tnG Ru:ropf'M pO ~,~r6_ .£'l'Otl'1 til$ J(J~ vbo wonted W'lIoIo'

auly abou.t their fallow l'o1igioOsls 'lbrrse t~ gro-ups cont..rolled tIJ() commniea

tions induatrv. l'h~t. b t1hJ1 $Q f ew iIlllnrica,tls ha·[I<iad t ho voiCi)o! t.nt:} C:Jthol~

preGs. 1hoy' WCl"G airoady i tlOOCttifla tf'A. P:l'OpUg~dt'l also C,mMl f Mtll th~ Presi

dant who ~'l8 ej r libor,Jwly :l.ll1lnllVllri.ng t l'lc oO"..mtry ltnto t~ .:lvd i t. a~ £rca

__ 0' ou'tsj~dtI. ?m-t1oull..\t'ly :t:t<otn Fr.1r~ ar d M t d.n,

281'he Broold19 'l'nblt:!~ l~ 13, 19';J .

31

iih:.t Q:ooul d ~'IIle1."ica do in th~ :tnM Clf t.~P ~'pi<rlns erhis,? .1taik ctand

WHt'ft. ''''':e-1''1QilnO :11~l;ci110$ tt..{!a fJ;) t,Ql~() oM'" madtJ il,M~.te of t.h€1 C::ln()t:ic-s about "

l(t~'\ They ~t'~ til"rlt t'tI)torm th''J~~ves a..'1a secondly 'to r(~to "~ I.) tl:x~'5 by

'"rJli1; ... h . Tha:.r sh.ou'ld ,~dvQc,:l.1'-:'3 th.a't /ley 1nvf)1."IJ'~:'f:;1tlt i n E'i!.l:rcP(J 'be tttictl;

toorsl and th0 l~'Os of' t "l l t t he beM~ f i*h(1ly ~4'2tt'~J 1'0 $'¥)t~tt 'Ul"{t~ to t um

thl'.lj.l"' 1:H.'!C~S on tl:..~ ~tu:'op~~n sit u.ation ..

As t he nSz!.tf't' ;la:!~ "'flu> $'arr'~e GUt,y of t ho '\~iO~n pe<ipl.Q h t.o

ke(~p out o.;f tar-eiP'..n !.iU!t's. n29 ~~l'Wic~ had only tiNO d!Jt'ios~ Firat it. l!'ill st

rut its CH<1l hOUll~ in o~·('lI. .. >l' by curbir..tt : 'eo'\:l"$ publ i C ap$l'ldiaz~ l"oou.¢ins t.l-te

public debt and for¢ ~.ng t:1~ gO'V'I'Ormt'nt to f1'"OO J,'tr':tVl1ta eute.tpl'li a<b .':iacono,

t m:u~ roturn to t..'r).,'H'''' ho~/;o V:ll1l0a o.f Ood~ oo~mtrl .mdmoti:J,~rhootj .. jO

:r~. 'rabl ct ~ood~ 1'I't-w. Amm"ieatl. people .I:1..aVe no a t-cleo in :Elurope. I t

lSrtelood ;)nd FrQnt"~, w..nt W fight · Gf».Ji'liU.Illl " 1.$'1; 'bh ~·t!i ,~~ 1iiO jO ~ • * 'lh~ f1l"oblem

f <lcing u@ is to r0:duo~ ut1emplo~nt and a!nf"1ll1tn' d the i~iWi~n C0Sl1illOf)

POQ1110 ., t! 31

Ar.l1.er ;i.a.an CilthQUoD lo.t\llX'E't Ut"gi9id to tUX'*1 tbe1"t'backe ... .. ~Jt f~"A' n pt,lrVO""_'

l'tiey hlld 3t!¢t hcr ~it: t ;o .:'Pi h~:t'o.. in -t.Ms eGluntry,. thG1 ~lU$t'bilt Ue t,rlOS'e

ant.1. ... Am~ic;m for coa a."l.d occult intlu\1."lCmt; wh1i'ili t tleir proo.e, ox' $t 10 ,/Wt,

t hQse papn1" St h~~ d~,nCiQ"'~l"0d in t~l:ltl11~ s&GJ1"'ch tor t he tr~th:bdd,nd t~ W'I)~

ingcD::=itllt-ant ot M!wt"1clitna 1» ¢u.usea an,d countrieS' vhiPU t1le Chtlf'Ctt, a s

ga·~n t hrough these P~XO" £o-:.n:d ali$fl,. , .

290?'r ~nd.& "ftit1»;t'J. Apri,1. 23" 1939., .3O~t\'4 .. Juno 18, 1929.

31;t:h0 ,lk:oqk1l!1 ,'t'e;ble~ SfJptfm!b6t' 3, 1935.

.32

..

• CHAP'I'Ea III

AMltRI C4}1 CAT.HOLICS AND ~11.flOPEI\N D:rC'l' ~:rott$

ath tile:!uPPoI't of Betrl. to Mus~oUn1,Molph Itt fler had l(lld RUt'ope to

t.'le bril".li of WI.il%' by t he f~l1 of 1930. A year l.ub' t' that war 'i\\'Ould ~ i.nerl

t (able. l! t,ne tntel!'Vonin~ tCnthl3 did 'flO t re41l~y offer an C}P:fJOl'tl.tn1tw for pt" c

vent.tng t he de'bQole Q,£, i-tl:rld i!iur tI.. they did proMnt t,hl) U lnfll neeOO$ ~'l7 to

reey.u.uatfJ the i s!JIue·g i nvo l..ved .. to 'take <l $t and.

Few lIlQ.n could ;):1'Y l ongtilr avoid the "'mrlic&tion of HHl ar t s anti .. flemi tte,

r acist N,·, tional. C'Oc,ialisrn. Germany' s dictau,r had g.athered to h~S8lt t he worst

cl eJ'1ltmt $ of . oostorn eiviU~Hlt1()n Qntl., $0 a l'l"..ed, he- Wa~ detcrmi nf)d to 0ngillf and

Of'hstroy the reWlant~ 'Ofthnt oivl1eatit1'Q to an.ti9ty hia <ib n&asion t.hat Ger.-

ru~ reign Wi th unchallenged sUf'r~JiCy in l£urope,; fHWb llDS in tl~e wr ~ d. f or

t,hJ~ Arue.riCiill Cl1 thol:tc, aa for aU ~en who v$l'.lt'ld 'th@ eone-~pt ·of' individual

llIOrth !\looming trom t!'1G Judeo ... Chr'lsti&n- bent.wee, it wal!'! $ ti~ t o Ilccept the

r espollsibil 1 ty of that h~ri tag~ an d to act ac"or(U.ngly.. ~h()l"e would the lle r

1'1v9 p;:;p t.'I1'$ urge tt:i tr.!!, to stand?

It must be efl:phaet:i.zed i mttted1.at aly t hat l4ilat 1e ·tf'etl~d he:>", is not t oe

rela tionship or the CuthoUe Chureh with JllaS80litli or Hi tlSlt . ft ilther what 1s

of:Ln't.<.u"$$t h~;t'c are tboaf~ Sfro$ota o!'thlilt .r~llltiotlsh:ip wioh thfl t>,.e papers

chose to emphasize.

The r 'l!muU"katyle phonoMflon .boo t t.bb topic is t ha t , wi th th~ .0,xcep tJ..on

of The 1IJanq",:rlSll"t t he p;.,p~:t"B said 101,110081', 1:'.ot.I1i:ng about ItnliM F'~. f1Oism. Per ..

h:lpS j,t tillS tlClt so? deadly a m.enaea aa Oerll'li'tn Nazi.sm.. \\hat is m"lndia t.sl y

_Iviclent,. ho~erJ 1,(3 tilGt the !i'tlf.l(list~ IUlde little at tl.m:pt to r('tstt-ie t the

.,<\~ ~

33

p~ivil!ll6es of tbe Churcb wUf;); Hitler, det.efijlinell t bat t,h~$ ~otllld bt1'l :Q'tUy

onerulie1on i n ~'I1lQI'11. intunded te silence tt16 GhU1!'cn.. COrlsi t~t&lll'jtly irh~.$ . "

is t he Qbjl.')otion to EiitlfJJi' ,. As MIl.S5011n1 ,a;tt6'~ted tC1 llI~'}p t h$ good Will of

t he c.tlut"ch, tli90e PU!pex'fl ob,jeo~).d to bim onlyontl-.osc ocoa$.iolls ~e'P he tri~d

to i .'l'il1 t .rtA li1tler ' a 1ilP\l%'oacn to t !lei Cat:rn,l i cs .

t~t M ('Isthia: itldiG ~.t0? Slilier:li'n!ll y t 'lQ objaQti on ot toMe,. ~dnl:ittodlY'

at!laU bu't fleVliilt· tf'..J;;leS$ i nfluenthl , pot't1~n of' th~ All'itH'ioan C;a tholl1e pr~.$1)

to th~8e to tQl;i'l'.ar'1aniMi'it3 b o1lse(i ah llQst .ool~ly on t hoae go .... er'l'll'tIetlt~ 1 il:'~.

stdetion~ of the pr 1 .... U t)';gl'lls of 't>he Oat hoUc: Ohurch. Only 'l~la . t~<ler(n:' ob-i ' . _t . '

j&Q'OOd to thllrln. wHh any f Ol'ce .It t aU, a,s b~,d.r'g. in pr i nciple, tn1~1c~1 to

the e.a ~~ena. of Cathol1c18ill t"a tlle't' tJlan m$t'~ly a t.l:w~;\\t W its pt"iV' ~.hg!HlI. Ae

tor bei ns :i.nindeal to the AlOOr ieani$ln r.ib1,oh .3\ lfJast thr~o of th~'HJ6 papers

G-q:;oused, thoy had alt'02dy Q$cicied t hat ano'th l!'l" tOl'Cf) , Ootltrt@lhm, woo far

wore dMlg",roa8 to t heir country t han N,~d9lll.* It 'Wa$ a ei1oie~ of t l1e les.aer

of t w evils ~d, i nwr'aatinlrl :v, it w..a·~ al.~o the choj .ca o{' t,.Clat (;'iV'il tiih1eh

m1~ht, de~pitegr(',nrt!lg >Otr~de,neta to Ule contrary. toler a t e the <:hut',,!! .•

It Wflonly Th.e \·andt'lt' l'!r,' .. ~ WiltS SO J1i'..oV9 C by pdde aoout r epol'w that

t he l'OPU '4M oppostns f<lufl !'!Olini. tbat ft r eprinted 4U"I at't1~1!j! to that ~rfeet

from )(efIc&V~n t h!.'tugh 'fu,(j\ ~!ander~r b@lie:l1ed t.hat. puol l entj .. on 11' .. $ e.lOme~n~t.

eiven toOoflltiUmi~t p:rol,agilltlda. In thi s ea{fe~ OOW.l"'Ii;lr', 1'.lW l;ian~~~r thought

Ken IOOst (!G,t' r eCl't !n de.picting the r~ as a t~ ... tlsted bQt U(!l' ~g'l1nSlt in

tolollJ'Qnoo end dieta~rhip in ! tll\ly. a~ w(*,ll ~ in Oel'l'l'larlY'.l 'l'h~ re;l,SOO fot'

~he!htnder~ t s pride, of C~.Hll' E1(5. was tll«t true FO'pfJ 'W;H) t ft1ng a $'tBnd. for

priM1ple. not privllc-ge whet} hI!! opp::;fled Italy as 'Io"'e11ps (ial'tli;tlny •.

True, the ot.l-ter paper$ 41d {'un oOC'Q$lonnl .ttcl.~e ~oout t tm Popel s

oppod tion to MU$i1011n1, but t he oause of that oJ); os1t1on was quitl;) d1ffar ..

an t frc>ln: that oited by'l'h!t l-!4\lndeTtl:'~f fl4·the:r the ilQpo $~et1.()ned J'bsooU.rd

lThe. hl';anderer" ~iQV9't!l:ber 3, 19)9 • . . - - ,

.. ;,, ~ ~

34

becaUM he tUJ;d put St ,te r estrictions Q.n Catholio Actio fltp:'OUPS: in Italy.

Undoubtedly this ~G a $tep to r ,lil.tlU'id'tioM on t Ot!) exptes$iofl of elisoant,. .. but t.'lO '1'~bbt' s eoneernGl'lt'lae tl) be een,t~rGd on the rights. of the Churoll,

. , ,

not of d1.saent. C~t1linl1 it diC+~ t e M tho. Pope M fighting atry t!,«)~:fi8'ted.

b.iltttle againfilt tctalit~ian1Sla fot' it 1Uot4d him as saying Il~:~ God, Our

"Ppreciat.t on and tltaflk e €Q to t he 'Very hif!hf'.lst 19Ona .... ~ rat'lln the ilery no ..

ble SO'f~~gn and his 1noottlp.at'/,wle minlster .... t.o wbolla t h(!.y are due. • Ii • '12

'l'hEl Tab1:flt secmad to .~fJ flO i rr'0coMilabb objection to Fnaciam-...or

N"d!1lll e1tb~l" .. -e~rtdnly not ill the wq it tOllndOo~i~ objectionable.

1'h$. Pilot ·lIl:l.de th1~ nttittl~e cpl,;toit. Regat:<dinz t he attempts or tftlssoUn1. ~

t.0 r ostrict Cll.tbol ic Ao~,"n grO'u,P$ in ItGly, i,he ~:Uc!t. said in /,In litdi tori.o'!:

A "er fQulS estt'angcment betwen t htl Ital1M'l floV'errtm€lnt ~od th@ Giruroh b~eI boon av~~~d" Con:lltn'$l'!tion~ betwean ~1 't' c:pr~gentative of t he Holy t'a thcr and 21 repro$ent~rMJta ot t ho !Z0V('ir nlU')ut revealed t,h~0 i s not r eal h au l,,'> bi!lt~n C!)ut'cb .<Mld flt 'l1r.$)., f'rte ,~Ul{'l~l'ti.otlf) o f I.¥~treme party I'ilt'lrtlbet"s tha.t C:ttholi c Aotion .tWd f'Mei~.r. ola!;..rlQ t hI) reconciled" h.ilVe been deel~ed unf'otlndedil . ... .'rue pr Qc't,iea< ... fact 1 ~ t hat" ,A$ tr1E:~ sysw m is 1kPpU ed_ the Chureh has f ound }!' .. acinm la, !'IM sonAble code.

t t al.y W~l$ int'aet, hnvting a tfas)1ritualrooai$~fWce . $I'3 Even t he KClf:!i £!,£r ro

per-ted t hat "th0 Ihly of tod~ iii! <'llllode.rn, Christian nl,tUon."L-

Too V~sitpr eq:tt1vQe(,'/jt ed t o till'll E'i~'tent tJl.a.f, .1 t ,&dnd.ttad oot1per&tion

~i til Fascism CQul d be flXQU$.ed only by r~v«r'tint~ to thal.;nnc1:plt!l tha t $Q,cn-

ices tnust be t'lnd0 t¢ p":'~ant greitl 'tw'v $v:iJ_tl . st.ill th~ 1J lil.crifieea aeemec 'to

be t hoee 0.£ pr1nCipl~ fot" t ho sake ofpri.Vil ege .

tn a. long Ql"Ue1e discussing t "te philoscrhy involved in mllidllf! $'Q,ori-

rices to pr ·evcmt G1" e~t.pr evU, the ,'11:dto1" did s,t ",t 0 that t hs- Pope oppo sed)

:in pri' e1pl(t, 't.nt , i"nrscist t heor!:o8 of t!dl :J. t.~rlsmJ nntl-S~it1sm and e:x,ageer.ated

2b Irooltl:n ';l'ablet. Docf:tmb0r Jl, 1936.

'the aoQtol1 P~j. JUlie 3. 19)9 .

UThe D.dwer ~tholi2. n~Q "*ter. Novemb~r 10, 1938.

~ '/" , ,w

,?'.~ ~

);

nationnl1sm 'i$W~U as the goeptU. of blood and r ace . '!he bulk of the articlo,

howcv~, d:l}rU. t lid.th tho stl'uggl~ 0:1.' th(l Churcil to retain h~ en tholic .lotiop, A

groups. If Qn~ diG mt r¢t.iQ to t ht!} e~)<! ~ OM WO~11(i Ct:'r t.'l.tnly have aondud0d

that t his lQtt~r Qlle3tlon" .. ath l~r th$n th~ opp<H;li,ti0n to F .. sc:i$t principles

(W such, was th.~ b 3si$ o£ tho Pope ' s coni: Uc t with "1:lsooUtd. Obviou sly

t.~e V~ tor saw it M tne 1llOre i'!llport-atit aspect o.f' tbat oovtlie t . '1'0 questi(Hl

the author1~ of t he Ohurch WI'l$ more aer ioua than to :{uestiop t hiS r1ghts of

th(\ i ndiv idual .

All t he p:Ipors l'an t:rtiQles on Plusrolini' s attempts to il'ltroGilce lat~5 ,

imilar t o t hose in (1erllumy, forhidding rJat"l'iBte het'iileen l1ryons ~nd oon ..

~y.m8 . The law 5'ttlted that marl'i~11iO bob~f.'n t he two "r ace$u 'Wuld bllVdt no

le,gality,. The PUot . $ tr~Cltm('tl'lt 'Was' duplicated by t,'at of ti:;e 'i'~bl€J1J ~nc the . -

ia1tQr. tro the, rU~;t the i'opc objected bEle~use the Chtll"e.t:l:, not t he ;;t nte,

decided 'what t4aa and was not a vulid ~iage. Only 'i'be . ~-m~t'e:r l ~.o h~d

alr0l:ld'/ :reported the .al1:\unruent trod Iluagt"ino£ the It:.J.1al'ls on boing dosmn.atad

lrt'YatlS, stressed t hat t ho POp~ l $ objection C:,llll8 prir:'li'll"'UY .from 1'11$ b"?li~t~ t hat

di:f1'er-enC$ i n r :tC~6 ¢Ouls:' not. ro~eibly d~te1"minl" the val.1d1ty of a IlR~rr1.ag", •

. .. ~ . , .... _"'. __ ~uoted the P"'Pt'.J as sa)'1ng iJ ,lUlti ... ~mi tism is inadmissable. 'I Once

l!I'bed principle , th~ otbl'iit's privileae.

But i Tnbl!l)t and V'iai.tor--wi til tOf!i Res1stt'll" r~aining tlOn-

colll!'l'd.tal. on t he ·Stlbje,c t;... ... vore tdUing to underplG)" t he Cbwch t s d1t'tet~erl¢e~

'Wi til M"Ilssol1ni .• they Wflre not ... do gentle ~;",lth Hi tl~ . Still, ov~ ,,4 t il hh,

tbe con,f.l.iet wasfl(}t on0 of ~~r1n'~ 1ple. They' were mor(, oritical of m.i~l~r not

bl'1catlsr> he w;~ moredll.lboUc81 in his d1~f.?g>l:rd tor h~ ooMncy, but be ..

C'lU$1$ he semed teeta~lI1.lH.'Ict to QlIlat;!"oy thu ·fffit.~bl1hhl\':$'It of Ctltholl.eimn :in

armany .•

tth the aception of the Re!1iaterand 'lhe lian~J'0~1 tho op~>o>sitlon to

Hitler W<l:S b aaed on t h(me i.s..ues: Hi tlP.ir el itllilla ted r ell gious instruction

,;«;~ . '~" "

, ..:. .7>1

ham t ho offie1..aloorrlC1l1Ulll Qf publiC $cp.oo1 <l1'w:r the Qe~ of fCUJ;'teen unless

p"t'«It~ hl~btfiJ(l* Ut! f1"ofusad, to allcH4' ten~g to p~t1c:tp'lte tn t' e1iWious . ,- ..

fnnet:i-on.$ , 1:1$ rEd,'used to ,~.l.low (ttvil author!ti.~ tp Qbs(}r'n t hf.1 feast days

of patll'on 6aint~h g.(!! t'efu5Ii'Ild to ~Uow ~lr1Mtfl to te.;och It'eU,giotls all,ls$€'$ :u:t

)\,l'blie $otlOols . He t"'(i.f'tl oed to allG'W s4:.udente to be ~eu$$d ~'r,:)r.,: d..$$e/. in

publio aO·hool.e to a'tt "cd r$U'oots ,or to t~O W oont>?;!tmion Ii> Th· oe tner..!es '~el"e

00. f"tently ~ei tei"at sd as ,4'Q01' of t e eVil of' m tlsr . 5

o.tlly tWio~ did thG 1:'tlbfr.,~ publish nl" tie1es t»ucQnU.ng tr~ wtls of.

Na'.!! i$\li uhieh did not t\i.l''''Ct ly cOl'lcern_ as welt, t!le Ih~i uperG(,IOLrtionll o!

the Cbu:reh. t hese :at'ticl '~$ 'lian'if} distinotive in tlUJit t tv'Y ,;"er;lt \lith t he

1"etl'Jtl'iotion of t.~le li\l:fl$ mld t hour,:Ms of' I.U'ti5t.S" r .a1'ntlll))',S" 'IlillSci~ne6 l'l.CllV'al ..

i&t,,'9j or Germoo.J(';lIiiah tri~ndaM;,r.$. ~y conciamnEid 8itlt:1' without the uw~

C;~uivoMt1C1n t."lut his m.n1st~s had hd hu wll~re h~ .ned no 1ntontion of g()-

lx!g .6

The U l ot , t.?O" Qc,c.uio,ottily C'1me Qtl't :Ag:,inst N.lJd,am. on prin.o ipl(~.

It pub1ishod an ,~t'tiel¢ by a Catholic jour l.liliGt tl<Jt.led ~~:ic.h.~ol liilliw4$ in

whieh llo Im flly~~ed ~adam as 3: new reitgion wh,icb: violgtedl'e1i~OU$ Ubat"~

and the Ghrb t ian 10'11'0 d ?

.nded by tho law of Ood and t ;'I1) l.il~A of ht'WJ.an:'t.ty .

'lhe V1s:Ho:r publiahed an elltof)l l ent qsrtiol@ in whicb it canaoroned &1 t.ot~ ..

t 1iri.!l,.t} l:"Or.G1$ of ROVerrll'imnt ru>t .Qnly bee au~e they ~!lded an ult'illila'te loyal t/y

"/hlon God li/.lnrle de!.H\!I"V6d, bu t ruo!;"~ ljr~rm~t1cHl .ly b~ia:.n~!li!J t hey At.~ta.tlteCl to

iulIDl all Qf llten ' $ n(ltfOe by f ulfUang his physi e01 notlds .8

All, Qf t h0F.f" ~t:iCl.e$ indU'QCtJ.y- attaCked r:a~dst.'l as itlh~1l"€~nt.11 in'll'al1d,

but this them li'latl so rarely stress6d IitS to l)(I i neffec tual . ft <')ther allot..~r

'tbe."ne satur~ti0d t h."'1't trea~mt oJ ~l1thr' ...... thc theme th~t (h'!l'mM Cnt.hol1as

'. For ~Ulpl'Q$' of themt aCC\l~HlttCln~ 91.111,rmt Hitler tl~e 'tho Br~ok:l:m'l"~o,... ~et; October 15; 11">36. Jun.e: 10, 1939, iiutust 12, 19, 9t ¥ S:Um'91 ng;11r.ot'., \;IOptembor 11, 19.38.

6the ?a:bJ.~~ ttt,l g1l8t $, 12. 1939.. 7~ ~&to~ .:U.o~,. tJecembet' ), 1.9)6. ~ . '".

6(mr 9.1n:d!lVi 3t tor, No'vnmbe:t' 6.. 193e ~

":, ;'~:o-...

31

CIOuld b$ good (tQt."tians it' only Hi tlc-,r W\)uld 4l1o~r :t t .. Thq y.ar,ti~~.J"wiHl. t he

only pnpr'l,"uhidh trJl!W'st.ad that it 'Waf;) t ne ChlU'Ch' ~ :tefll""" to eOiJf,J'1(' ate wit! A

"I t l Ot" aslitUch 4S his rcf ttw to eoopOl"<lte *,,1, th th~ Church uhich cau5ed N6e!

'Pt'X'aaouUon. Rep.eatedly, M in a well-wrl t tllm artiole t'(;!f.(lrtir.g the N:azi

ati El~t..f:' to $ll'ppt'",asth~ '9i6hop.' s P",et.oral l<: ttorwrltteo at t he, ztulde. CQ,n-.

t'ca'ene~, '1'?n!' ~.bnu~~ stre:)ged too~ ehnl",nt'a of t.~ Ohureh'a r$1.ationsrdp 'u ' , .........

With Hitler whioh Sh{H>ed i~ to 00 in.opPo~itiO'n to .him,. Stl:'{ing~1:f t..'"lu point;,

oi' wM.oh CaUlQl1c3 sur4'}1y "hoult:! bave bIl.!$t) proud, was r.ot oo.ph t.i$1ud ~i. Iil.:ll

by t ho other .P~l'Cl't).

Instead tbe utrtD,f3s ~)V o-n t,~ Church· s wiUuJ(fnGsa to Mtr.:b11ah· u.

mpgU5 v~lr~)nt.!l with HU1 ('l" . 'l'h~ 'r~;\ , st"ltr;('/ t fuat 111-ro~ t hl) t"ie&tnnit!!'f,

t:1I.> ElvioCQPllto ~~ar, ~l1ddittpooodto~Jiird deali ng with t be Ocnn:ln Obvcx'pruent. H'

't'ho v?-lot cl:ll;l$(t tQ r eprint tho~ tlX.cOt'pts frQ!)l t be !ha.~p t 1!l h~tot'al l!\ll'tta'r

'l)j.ch prot$s~d 4%gai1'tllt t tl!'! t1a.zt Oh;.u'gtHlJ t hat, t.b.a ChtU'ea $tood t>lgainst tt.&

Gf"t'tlanu, 1,.,r.lt h tbe Bol.shevitlts"Jel,;,e and Mssons.. The f tlll10141ne is ~ e>:.an)ple

of the gQn~t'w. iru:l~ of t!J.o$(I/ Q,jOOfJl'l'}ts,

1.Q8't anyone rrtaht 6UKi,Iest th.,. t lilJ./lIlY of thi1SC tJ,tla't.'S"fli' 3R"d.nctiili ch WO' ~ompla;in. and towhieh lie 4.r~ IJubjectorl, :we t ::G r~.:jult of sclf" ... der.~~ .. yed 1Ii"l1aetion and w t he natur'."! of l".;!f,r-is.u.s because 'Wa' Oi~rJn$n !lisnops and Catholics retumrd to t .a\co p~ in t.OO nnll Reil;fh. W :r f"Pl~r as i'OH o lllH ~ Gel:"Gl~i ai!~.¢Ips clgein m'ld 'lg: .. 1n; s.nd in ao"l u.n\\! iuivoC.l1 ttUdColr!d1d

manner, bsV'n m~d~ ktlQlII'n O\lr lOya,l ty to Follt$Od t 'athet'l :md even under tho n!';)w forlill,. tt,.l, d ~ have fulfi llOlo (}UJi' civ;io dutie,i;; ael'Upulousl;: . + " ,

tue doctrine of t'ace and blood ;.." uld have 't.l. 9 believe t hnt tbe p f>r$on,u .. i ty and t be lHe: of Chti6t ~<t oontrfJr'y to the dGVUlof't'l~nt of tbo (}oj.·man raco" Qf!:d tb~t i'\lnd.amentd dootr1n$s Qt tJt$ Faith f ounded by' tb .. ' •• ore pt'inllll1'Uy i\s!l1tte W;Pill'sti:tkltton and t ne forcinB ·of thaoe ~tt-ine~ upon tho G(Wnu~n l'aoe has r et !i.lrdcd it .••• •

• /Ut'.e t hey not revUing t heil' own Chr.btian nflolistl)I'a una r fl'Y1Ql"{'H.ng with If'lfLh"'OOt1S ingrat i tude tfu). ttt.',lDy hurtdt· .. ..ds oj! tnous::mds who , ~ith f:!rm f d tb in the 0.1:"00$ , hQV9 'tow~ilt :for ?oUI ~nd .r'atJ.Jerlond." • • ,,1 .

h ,thlla" t.?UtID empblll$l:.1rl.gtho~~ G1(1l11ents of t.~e l~tt(\'r whi ob. w(~re ac .$$1ter e .

9~ ~Of?~l.zt!:r~let, Oetober 8, 1938.

1011)e' tioo'Wf,l :fI1lo!. Octob.!" 1, 1938 .

'.';';: .,?'I,~ ....

36

enouah cl'it1e.1Mi to oaus'¢ toe Nrlziv t o c<mf'1tlQ.t1Iu J!)j)~ t. of t he: or-iginul 00-

piesf th~?Uot fii'mpbaE.-ie~d ti'le concl.l j.atr:J!'Y 'Piat t-a Qt 4l-h~ l~tte;r ;. i'M$ WaG , A'

• artieularly ul);fot"'1:.unate when t"he t.'¥¢,t!lt'pts quowd l~:v tho Ft12~ ~s.~od T.Q r~ ...

j~t tbQ ~lo..jt bf.l$itt or t he Chris tim'l hil1rit-!igc Q~ P'tt't of the otf~'t ro s tress

t ho compatihi~ lty of C.atw.ll1.eiStn antl r1UiSl1l,

lly its cboieo ·:)f emphnai.s the Pi19ttll readers wer0 aur~ly 1!:if\couraged

to 'I/'iJIlw their Cntholici$l, as di"or~d f'~'om i ta 4a~ h ... ritae~. If th..i.:e w.a

cetlVonient for (}ortn1l1 CllthoHe:e, ::tt wes nl$O ecnv(ln1~nt for i\iStf'ltlClltl Catholics

uho \""Qt'e ffll~VraRod to foll~w tho PUott a r ,"·tlwtdng thllt; t.hEt S('l14nu olet:lent

in t he iln i.ted St~W!i1 \;ft,).$S, /,11:. t hlOl l.etu.wt, ~m$l'Jh lJt anWct'si'Ve. ,';1) s;')QtI in the

l O!ilt ehap 'Vt\r .. tn. Piloi. as well !t~ thifl -r$bl~t al".d thtl Y!.e?1r't<:>r, h itd defined . - .

J'JlIel'ic.lm.ism 00 that 1:t would be p.artteularly e~:;,t1b1.0 ~'¢t.h th$ir d\lf'in·i tion

of O.a't-ho11cium. 1'11:\lt :1&, i t accentu:.:t~d t.hose I1Jlotll-Gnts of Mtabl :i,shed Gathol ...

1o1am which ' wre Q'U thorltari.an, «>ns~~l1ti'V~ (Jl1d whi.ch nad tt 'losted Ul'tet'o$b

1n 't.ne stabls QU'OJ It the-Xl de-oided that t 'hesl!.l 'w:-re t 'lG~t3 of true

_.tCiricaniam as \len Ii

"s viw ed til/' tham') tbr'oo papers, too l\me);''icanJ¢'Us,.. .. at .. ppo fl~tdly pl"o-u!',tr

and pr~ohaJllZ.e:-",,~(I! !l$ -much thr r>.atatc - thn 041tlDlic &9lin1tion o1' f'1llerie an1S1ll

m~ tJ'ley Her e to t,.~1.s f'I4if.'lt'1ct:1l,l aef:! . .n!tion ().t' Catho1.iebl1l" It WU$" t '1orafor e,

conv~nlent to dis3sooc1nt'll CliJitholicism from its J-ude« base.

It t.:a.!J also eoov(iuientto 7;:li!phas'-:l:8 th~ c'O~atlbi,11ty Q·f Catholic1mn

Ql:1e Nazism (.atlI)ili(>'t' t' ;iluson w1l1" irQnl,y to e~s. tllCl1r cCS1sc1~C$5., CatholiO$

had to dlsa$ooctt\teth_~dlv(!e frem 1i!le J 'w) , ~~ "~IJUSt1 i f CathoUc 'i.st\

'Wore cor:ep,J,tible 'Wl.th lIme:rieaniOllllJ..'1d /ll13O lfJith tii;l~ism, 1t b('ftc Cbv).oU$ t tl.

1:ihe true onamt/ of' Ni!.eriaStli1em Wll~l oo "t. tla21i$l:t but Communi3m. 1'l:de ~ms, t.hat.

'tI~ia!'il lill~ not th~, real etl.l?1'!iy t 1id.U be 'Q"liHltllld iQ, .Q l;Q:t~rcbapt.(!l·, but . ..

an at>t<i1"~ne$ of it is iml:l'Ort:mt ~t. t his point in ord'e:r to un(jn~Gt-lnQ ~1.Y theso

'~"'P~rs ~~lii~e t.he wll::'1Dgt'1~tlS of 01il~1l Ctttbolic$ toeooP('x 4:ta Viith Hitl~i" •

. -,~ .. ';" ...

39

Tbi~ -tll~ pm"'V'dtl t he ?,~p~$l t;t'6;.\) unent!:if th~ Cl\I,tllol:\c "ituiJrt,1on i1'l

CJ4lI'!Wl'-J1j! ~ 'lh$ t;'lblet rf"'h()l"tt~d thst a {}~'~ ;iJ:l ~hop tl;· ~tni8~{1 {k~lrilla~ C,~ t ... l1(llioG - ~ . . . ' ..

" tl'l'd.ll l·el~(.d.n rSliW'l11 to t he p'",ths'l"l .Gl'ltl in t:iJ1Ul$ w<'OllU," ... ., " ~m~ t hlilt " C~h-

. . ~l . . Cfl.:tcw rJ1%a,.v toJ" hl'.;e F'u~~l¥;>n:r.lI.t . . ~;Ven 'lrn,e . ~'a~u~<,~ qoo wu tlJIlt Cnrti1::nru. .of V~~nnl1

.u: aaying, "I tmvo n$V~ f~:Ut'rd to ~)p}("t)oht~ the bistor:ie,u. if,jpart&nos oj'

t ho hcn.1:' \~n tftj" ho~l;lltld rert.u~G t,o tha gt!.':!llt Gr!t'llll,l.n f' ,,~t~l.and . 'rQii,;/J''!;tl __

w:!.th thrt\ otht'1l' Of!r'ilWl C~troirl·ah 1 gave tb~nk$ .f()r ttlQ w.llJl~ Oetmm..' k atil.

order"edtbBrifl{,;in,g os' t hE!. bells~,d,2 L::ltl?r'l'hu W~l'W¢l:' t~~!'J;,;rk~d that. «de-. 't r. __

Sf'ito ihl:l ltlnd~Cl!lt4U m,ntit"f~!:ioti<HH~ -wh1oh e\1d ~t b.~1:"4;)·ilrtl r.l;,;.~i ideology {lml'$

Chrillrt1.ml t'aith •. a ~o<$U(;f \l'!y,~llm, could hfN't'1 h~'i;ffi @stabHli1h~d if 't1l~ H:&~i

wt,<l W ~;(,1t'~ willA.;'!\{ 'to tlQl;;~rste SOfrd', of 1t~ (", t,tt'~Wu.s cl,a:tl':l1~ to 1..UU.V(11~$.il

. 1.13 t.¥~pr-_<lCy ~ .

Cond~Wt'tly. thm , t he plI),pe.rs, i)ilIrt:te'l1l~t'ly t.he '1'z.bl~t fAnu t..h~ ~lot,

r~tet"~ted that. OCt"'I~'n'~ Cl.llt.J:locUelEl <tomd be ,{COO ~Illsn~"'l.f onl y iiit:Ler ~U1d

c>op""rill,t s .. So lonn &,",1 a posti;libiH.ty l't.'imllli nofl t hat mtl(~r might Q.Uow the

ChUrch to COGlpel' :..t u ~rl;th him., r!'IOs't cond~.rt.ion$ of N'c1:iililJllO ~t01f' ~ t'~l'!'r!l!ld.

'lbEJ I>'1lot rCJ.~l"'t~d 8 pri/jlnt J reoootl.1 returned frum Gel'!l)~ M nayi~ that

lIitl1l"x Wlli:':! not ~Z'tb fJ~ttd.ng ti'.'l-t<dWiJd .!l'bOu.t.. ~iW!1.$m ~uld, b e tr$o0d t<)t.i:le:

'r$' tf.,ut :y of Vi'Jr13dll~:'J,.. t at! dil1~}l"'Mi$1t.)l\ ;;:md t.,!e oot(.i1r6GnCe: of Col\lt~1;$m.14tbe

;1$1\tipr blam1!'!.{;l 'ttlO ,crun"ent !lel~.~m beU g0l' enOtil l;)n 'f.he ~!'t'e~ti¥' of V'e,.;a5.11tr$ .and

. . . '. is even ino't'fJ $0 en t1u.fH!l:ttt i"()Il' ttlr- f'a'tening 0er~r.7 . ·

hbat about t he G'i'!;;'miiilll J1ifwa1 m t t o.:) \Ml d th0.S~ j?$pel"111 #'U'es{,i thEt comraU ...

bUtty ot Ca.thoUcism with fh~ism 'In d",;~ <>1 ~ nm~1 m:u'b~eflt ot t he Jf/til$.·~

11 ... 'fu __ a .... , ... lJr ... · \:,; .... "'Q .... .'1l_1.;m. 1'abl!'t. nec.b l:l:t' 31, 1938.

12~ .\~nd:l'bl:"~rJ Octob~;r 21, 1938.. 1~).1d" i:kw~n1b l;'r .3. 1938.

14-nte&st.oQ PUo" - Sept&"fiibf~ ,,, 1938,.. » . ( " --.;....,.

lSour Sund911 Vi!d.t O'l' , n$omnb~)r 18, 1938.

··i::~·~ ~

~40

Antj".;$¢tlliti~ a9 ;1'ound :in a('fi;'ro :~ny I}n~} as ro.f'l tjo ted in these p :;:peX'$ will be

U' Qtoo $n tM noxt ~hnpt'.~r _ 1'\'u1t 160"" :t.rrb~'l~lt$t h~U'e i~) hou t.U't'$e PI>lI1(f!"S

Vie~d thl'\ JGl'Iio.h f.r.ea'b'llen:t in (k1rflHl.tlY ;,hen t.lley were Iltte,.'t¥ttnr. to dI

elmph4gi:i"0 t hn l.le:line~oj;' t'~~i$!lI .. It h~ld to be ~nl t ~ith. hhat \J:.!S the

-fOprQ.lch?

The Tablot did huve an o}'tic.le which ;c-~mtm! th~ t$Xt o! t ho ,'loint it 8 ", ,,,.tr"'" <1'

0, .. tJholicM~oteat.mti rftgolut,i~n~(mde;:,n1ng tl1~ He1ch persecution of JI'l'l"""'

tmd 01' Chl"iatians ,16 'rhe porseml't:v>t) of the 1 Qt,t,ur'J' h::;rw:.w~r, r(llce:lv ed t.'1o

"

""" i'nt t' '¢,):'li 'hftSi s. Jcps \:et"e beirtg. p.~rs~ut~d cot't.a:tnly, but so N(,\X'-e Ca~

lies. j'j" th~ C~thoH¢11: ",')u,ld ~ltill s t}!!k a m)dM vivendi wltll the Ua~g, wt~

rr,uo;ild t.ho J .. ,W!l be 00 'P~l·~iB~rrt i n re;' eottnz 8Ti1 Pt.,'lss:U:;d lity 0;.' .~djU1)ting

'to the1U? 'rna p~per ~, t :lenl 6lo1ved the touehy pl'obl~Q of t !1.; ~azi t.l\ist.te'lt-

r...oot of 'lihe J 6iii~ by dismissing 1.t filS an &Qig;~~t'.a:ted. pl"olllem.. The only tif!»

tht;: .rUot , . 'i;';iblet 0 1;" ViaS, inX'-th~ Re~i."J tfJrtmd The .... iondct·er d1ti t lUCn bat't~

on t his f,O!lll~hei4.nfflf$ 8~~n.th~~t1c tr,. the JIJw.sh plight 'W10 ~ t hey O£itl it

a~ a, i'oteGh.:rdow:i.ng of what 'oi!I;).6 to (X)!!1lf:) £0'(" GI-'>.t'ma.'1 C .. 1tholies ..

A typS,c ltl 4Pfl~Oach 'Ii1<iG a·el)r"l3~ntc!d. b" th~ t2N;/)t';\it I'er1(1)rt. of a con ..

d«nn,'l,ti()n of Qel':l'!ian ~Ulti.,.~ t iern ~Y' the }~}st. &.l'lertmd ~~el A" ~trit.Qh,

' 'N. 'c:1b lShQP of mlW4Uk~{) " Bielhop 3tt'itoh called anti ... SatlitillI~ 'iUn-..godly,

~chru:'i t(l1;)le Mld un~Cbrj,tlti8'n" butondad by' askin;; th",t tn~ f."i,'(Jl!p to t:t!Olil

M UAAS &'t)(l~j.n8 s!lp~m·t th(!J C01llT'litte fot· C,athQlio a~He€iln$ t1~nm .Qt;!r~Q.t11 .. l 7

'Rhe F1l.ot, did lIWotion tho mrder or J~W$ in t oo $U'eets of .i\Ustria aPd ~

. . 18 ",", too nfil~ a'tr'ocit.tf)EI be">1ng eOl>~'d. t t ed agu1nS't them. ..,:ts COfI(l.(Il'n, 00\]0"1(1'1:7, ~13

notiVf):trJ.d by 1.ttr ~ltef toot fihat l-faS Or'i.ng dpfl~ to the J~V13 then 'woulo b<'i ~,_ t -

16tlh~ ~!;,~k1m TrJb1e.J:;, ne~O!lll!Jb'7t' 31, 19~~ .

18l1lt+".Bo~.~n PilQ~ Hq 'n t 19J9.

':': .. :'

OC'fl>oor 22, 19)8.

,?\~:

41

dcm.r1l ~ the Cawl. i Q.$ l atar . 1'.(iY('htajH; the< b~3t ~~~r.t of: tbia: t.A'{op1.r. 'tf.:t$ ·1Ul

~tiol~ 1:1:) 1,!!'1i<:h t he r il-ot. $jJol(" 'WitnQt' ~at s:J"mPQ.,tl!y ~~,~d tho J~~$ pligh~ 'jt"'- j ' ' - ..

bu t t',lt~!:>l~llgbad t hat trU~e :mo::rb afnlet<~ p~opl>1'! in Q.ll Gifrtllliil'l1 today :itt'\'} !:lOt

m~"''1tiQned "in the 31SCUl ar pI·~G"' .. 'fiH!H~I!! l'1r~z ttl) J~vilith oonv~t8 ~ Ct.rtlloliciem,

t wonty ... I:i:v0 t h¢uf;!mQ os: tbtltrl. tl19 1'ht . ~::rmdiill"<:lX' W!'1.J:t ·tfl'~ O':oly p~e:r to ea.-... ry H I!!

... rtlel(l;:; ~otlt tb~ p~rs~'Ut;to:ns QJ;" oth('~ than C.rtJ~liefil in G~ar:w 1<4tha

IIbut ... of OOUl" t'$ii).. ...n It $.?ef.ltl$ Ilb'.riou$ ·t): .. ~t. n~i ~r t.!us~lilli~o:l;" lli..tlr;;-r l'iticoivcd t ho con..

dbIr.n(ltwn~McbcM til 'ght. 'tu~v:e ~p~e'tt!-Q at thiG PQlnt 1,n th!ii ~)!;Wo P!'l.m el:'io'i&.

It i s 4i!l~1O ol:1Viou$ thll'titttltft' rec~iv(:jd consider.;iblr ~~.I'!l Ol.'l;tici~ thl'ill did

MUS9ill.:i.pi . ~"'r:>'"'1

As both t!1$l. l~(~ ~1tipi21¢ld only in ~vms: iO! u~dr at;tltlld~ to~r'd

1',00 Ch~rCh, it is p€trb~s lo~iC;ttl th~t N!.looli n.'1. ~tw .!)l:!po~~(;d W C~cn It; 8$

t hal:t $;t11:'lt', wuld h!ltv~ l:'''c~lV(lta lQ~ Qr'itic:!i.~ t.hlidl mtlQr .. Olllr7 't,;'. irJandll" '"

t!:. J \:.id~ oppo$~d 'both l!ll,iluon vr~'Cl:pl~, lM('l!1 fitly $1g:n.i!i<:llllnt a.ri tL(;:i .. t3trl 1,:)'1'

1\'U$soUzl:i, The eiQpb.;;as t~011gho!\lt t he,!r tX'~ "tm<lnt Qf 'tihio topic tro$ t ba;t

ttt~$t~p(lpOr$ h01i-0'it~cl bot..tt F3·~cit)m t1M !ia.iti~ ~r0 p.!1Isl(Hll.l,y aomp~"t.:tM"e ~ t.h

O~tholie1$m," \:lhy'i aeeatUI~ t t:tltr t!0t'f) .intoor.'1tar;i.m. oatGn$ibl y o$lleved 1n

004 ilr.d W(llt'e iSlPPQ$~ to Conllnl.nds~. 't'h .. t !,l~a eDQuJ6bw 'flill t~~~ thlJ. SU1Y~401·t

of ~t. le36t tm:· (~.1";. :p$h<i;p~ eour" of t,h.$~ttl p;. tx~t'tJ llP ri't'~t oof' bow 1nhum~le or

hrt()lcratl,t, t hn1r SJ'Gti:!ms l1liSht , prove to be.

\ll~t. &le~ this ,sq fo'!' r.lS;~ll"1CIDj Catholici~ a~ it'epre~~1t$d. by the!3e

p(o}pg~8? It S$~ll$ to uq th",t. at t his tifMlot eri$is t\m·~·ican· Cath:>lic8 \1I>\9z<e

tlQ ~.nvolved in ii '(l:lyopt!e ~li"'CQ:t'l~~"n th~t.th~ t1~';'0 lt1eittpabl~ of j 'l;fdgine

thG$'~ ~fa~S' objooot.iv$l.y. th:Qt"",,l);1~ dl1!pri'tr1ng t!:}(!iti~;t)l'll'e$ ~nd tbli?'~;l~ (.!eun:try

ot' (\. $.'.ott.!Uti ally v$lu.~bl.e morlll l~G.d ;1>J."'~p.

19'1h~ tiomtnn rp"ot£ flO~l~l:',b '.t'r 12_ 19;8 .

., .. ~.~ .,

42

"

Cru.PT;~ IV

~ NAZ1S, TflE J Ei>JS .'~D '1l'" f.Jfl~'~IC r\'til C,,,-,mLICS

Gllq,nther L~lJY', in his book tlbout t i:1C C ... thQlio ohureh i t: n~d Gp.rn.arW.

s<dd the Ciltbolic $ S'fl,vported aUlerboc;{:J'llBe .hli} Q£l/ll .a . :a:t1onaliat, anti ..

Communist and ccm~~'*tlv~ OPi-l(iHlUild to t heUbtrrnlhfll of tbe ~~~ republio

w!'..1eb had gone $0 f ttt" as W eive !roodo~ M a'll ·ch1..1ranea in QGrm:'i..~. tm¥

ant1 ... Nd i ·sent1m€m~ 'On the part of the CatboHoe ae~d hQ!lCd on tla0.i onC}"

sition tIQ t l:l& inf!·t1tutio.naUz~d tor~. of t.M ChurCh li."Q.thmr t han on ti".ose elf! ..

tll~tG' of their progt'alll "f~lch wre inh~l'1~tly oP{'JO$ed to th~ teachlDg's ot

1 Christ 4

Gwt.ainll thh r .d.~e$, in v11:il'Sf (tf! t be lu'rbi-S0m1Umn Sl."id 50sp~1 at

010)00 ana f'~lce" ees1Oi*1II' ~f1~~tiQn$ ~a to the billarercby Q.! va-hill') held by these

ctwi®t1ans.It wll;tothm, n:o~e s...:riotltil that H1Uer closed Gati:tolie...t'tm

·sahool~ than t.~la.!t he t'llW'der~d Jows·.

Le:"" f(R~l. $ t,'hl) l)e,..,.m C~tbol1(la t;\lU~tl to. 0PP0f1t't tRUer aa tt"tronf'.ly

Q$ tOO:l ~1ght have on tbis po.1tit be"catlse. b~leal1y, t hEW n1<U/.l'ed ;..1ith h:iJn a t

lSt,ist .41. latent ,n.l'tt.1 .. S<!Ita1t1$!!) . Jnl.eg I $a:,.'tC, ons ofllUlny curr en t t.rttM'a on

,tlle subj~ct. Wl1itlt t1!rtb.~r in 't)llilt ho pod.tl!Jd a ootl$bt~ut ;~n:ti .. ~1t1.etl!c in

C1'U"1$t1~'li1;y. Be be'U.(I!V~d thutR1tler ' s "final $Olu'l';1ontl to tho Jew1Gh q'llfi!ls"

tiQt;, rather than b-ej"na an aher~~t1on, we . , oultdn~ticn e.d the Chriotian

.• tti.tud~ w 'Il.sr d tb~ J Gl>iS. :'hn sc' sp.ecuJ.~t4ld t hat the IlVJ;tt't\:lQf.l beaan ~tb

Ctu-istian.tty. \<hen the Ohrint1ana, S0 \d.n& to et,~)ha$1\~e that Cbr1t1Jt t$ mq8Qge ~~,~.-...... ~ ...

lcm<.mthe1" LQ" . '1'1w Cothol,l:c (l,'nlrcb and np,i~i,. Oftr~ (Naw ItW'I(, }<~Gr awHUl Book GompGl~. 96Ii)

.' ,~.:." "' ('~

43

was oo't aiml,. Q nw 10m of Ju:<in_, p!&btr'l'lY't1td ~. ·j~WfJ S.Q baving 't'~jootttd

OhriGt Qnd, tllP'r.f;e, (,1.£ delCidtl1,.2

" 'l'h1.G paper nno al~"oady eealt ..o..th t.!'}C w:UUngn0sa of 't\heae P:.l;)~.s to

.nrh auao t h& e~ntlbi1it.Y of ~fs"'1Sl1l with t.l)eit' v f.jl's1on of C .. ttwU.e1S!1l. It

has. aLoo i ndic3teu t hat ,,t'e s~emed 't¢I be ll lack of 4fl'1 l.">tal co~n about

the Gem an Jo~~ J.bat., then, did th~!W P~P~ft e«/ .:l;~t IKtltdt"s anti ... iS$mi~

t1$lll os $'Uch ~lifhl'lt. if rmy., refl.eet.iQI1 .Qf 'Ul~t $ml1r, ant1 ... ~itU~ was

ev1denti,n tbdJ;' CIvil :'eterenof.!s to the Ja'f>:i~1

A rew tWtielea d'~sodboo t nt.! !l<),!:" rot'e of J~ldtsh l ifo in Naiii ('~T1'.r.

'l".fle PUo't,repr1ntf!d OM etoryoi :nucb..~e~d and l}llchau, r(,}l ilti'ng now ~1e1l. ... ~,

knQWl tales of nSJtht art'~$ .. b¢atings, boxeat'a ana tOT(!.Qd la'bo.t".3 Alt,~ough

00 t1rt1~o accompan:t.ed t !lC photo·gr'al'b, the ¥,\eeat0r ran .n ti:'OIlt pGg(') picture

o.f a ,Jewish $t»~e 'in Ger~~ 14th th~ '001:'0 J~dt)pilU~d iM, ON ~WJ a

.larrs~-f'Jl) '90d eild.Q~·tut'~, of t:J; J~ on ~oth~. 'i'he, o.lj;'1t 'i cu ~c.co'!f!1p~nS the'

pioture, r etid Il ll '~~gic Story Is fold."!!

Other al't!elea Oondenmed anti .. Semi ti$lll as bt'tns aga!nGt Ca'tooliQ pl'ln-

C:ip.1M . 'The PUo~ st~t.ed tb<~t it was ;against th~ ,,!:'i eial $"JOsitioll of the

l,h\a'c~ unci t.he "{!.ri~I!" eill&d fl1tlt!l" ' 9 allti: ... f.amitio t1ratmS !fa dllrect attae14

ogatnat t he Omlr~h, thllt ?'ait-h, t Jle, Sible tlnd iZ..v~n Ur,,'OD ch~S\l9 Cbr'ist,,116

Gen~ruJ.y, how~v~ .. upy d0f en!9Q of the .leNa tias fil«de WUdg1.1'lgl.y, Qi'ten

sW'fiXed ",'1 th ,equivoetat.ionsas in the Vl.td. ttlr IU"t1C1o which rQund Fft tl ~l" t S .. R

treatltMt of the Jew neold arbitrariness if not brutUltyt, t'!I'1en if thO'I weI:'

2Jul.eCII IsaQo, 'he 1'eQcll~a; ot . Oon~Et fN0W York, 1101t .. ~h$'t l(Illd ltl ns ton. 196h) ,II • ' . . ,

3Th! EtostQn!1J:ot, JulY' 1, 1939.

t~!!!! DetlYol' eSit~UO. Roii(Jte-~., Snp:wlUbp"r 1$" 1938.

'!lie ~ston P11pt, Doo~rtlO# 1938.

6~r 3unda.y; Vl$tt~. De<*l.ber 4, 19)8 .•

,,: ... i?'i·~ .~

h4

il~t1 of th~erW$ of: whl~h b~ accused tiu.?llt.1he at'ti'Cle ondod l\l;av!:ntt

unco~reeted ' he llfir4:'~ssiom thnt t bc g\.\'.U t 1:)£ the' ·J 0W9 wm~ ;incj-eed ~ po",.bi~ .. :tfQ,1

rnontionod ~ t he l a.s t eh~ter" j;!})y I'tllll ttngt'x ~.lbout. th~ tre<~tm:<.Jnt o f

t he Jews in Gamany seemed to' occur <)')~i.:r when 'the p:apot' !;J l'eQo·l!.nt$9dtl:Jat. it

Uli,ght ~ll be tol1cn1t'ld by $imU~ tre3.tr'l$nt for th~ C{~tholiQS. Looked ~ t

ft'Oi!I t.b1 lJ'\i'i';'\tp01IJt, t.'1.e_P1,l~'t ~1J!lm.a·~d anti-~..i t1$m as buing against tl~

OeellU'ation or lndl1pmld&f'-CG, the BUt .of' ilighW Md 'the oXiatetloe of God. ...

b l.a,ttor b'~ t.1Pt{! basi8 Qt... tlte r(!1"rQ~r legnl w't\ctvlle.on,t of , Um dig

ni ty or the i.ndtvl.iual at'ld hi$ill$Gl11int1~l 'worth.

$Q V.at'lll! '\ler"t1 th~ $j"~path1es at t he- P:$,;1et. !~blot: .tmdVts!,t..(jr for the

JtlWS., .${). u~wU.l1n8 wat"f'> t hey to ra~' tlii.' moraladttis 1fj"/dlv~d :m their detl'd. ...

$uJ'port of mtlel', tb.'rt they ~M.smpted ~ d1amus t..'l ~ p6:'se®tion Qf tb$ Jews

as mitl11llal ·tD comp~i.s/)tI w that of Ger!lll'.m C!l.tuQl:1ce. rhi~. of course,

<lOtltradieted t."l$;:oai tlon diswBsed j;n 'the previous p a,1"ng;r:U!."!b" ~f_crtheleS8

i.t w.a.s a popul ar t l;;Ge.

MI' tMPUQt put it. tJtbo per,,~ol;itit.;)on oi' Co.t hol ic$ is not ;it 'fild t 1es$

't'1~al than t l'm pfll"Sf'Ctrt-ion of too J l"'W&. " 'J:'h • . p~r .addod ~t,. ItA. .,'&'{I, of

(!ourse, clJ.":lnot C~ ae.~ on-ina a Je1t:. &t t..~. h~'1('e ~I;llOS\ the bett.et' of it

til.&'e .. Th~1' aanoot buy 111'0 nt t he price of' ttu,~it" soul$ t;Ven if t.~0i!l ~uld

viM to <:b so,." file Pllq:t C-onc1l,1dedon a gel'lJ,'X'Qua note. n:ht tait'lWl'!~. l.~t.

us ll'Yti1Pathi~e w.lth aU vict.111e or 1nju~tiee. u$

~2 ~ ... nder~ stood in vivid I'!-on'b-a$t. to t!>a ~oaeb of' t he 1)Uwr

p llIp.ert*on tho $ubj,t!c t .. It. ran s1.'"'i6'lI'tll $Vt..icl~a @Out Atl'ti"'&1r4tiGm in Italy,

si.~nifi(!~nt b~;.lUsOOOM'fWn over oot.:t- Gend t1fJ1! !,n tnit,t d:QW1tty would not have

7lbidU November 27, 1938.

a The . Bo!!~,n, Pilot . p.0be~ 24.. 1938 ..

4,

W.n bn!lt':{i on rc;t1· ~ t hat, it ~<i.S .apr-EU1toi~ to Cat.bolic pet'£IMtl'ti.on . Con

s1s'tGnUy 'th~ ~'iI:t sJlO'l:1eda rfltr~tTlt1ng d:iutal;lte rQrQfati ... ~iti!mn r~llether "

it might aft-eet Cu:th.oUQS Ql" not.

en v.ore r'{!f:--eshine was ,fht"l Wnttde:rer t s blutrt d.aurol.ng of Nazi 6tlt.1. ..

Srnii'iiM._, fIb bnrbm."ima dhpl~ed by l'kIN~il'iY I1\tid rol.amd wlth ~·ell ... wd to the

U'eat ltent of Jews, intloeent victims of raei.ij.l U.\.itL'sCSt 1.s PQrhSPSf;71th¢ut

pwallol. ill t he hbtlry 'Of b.umal"l abilbo:tlon .,tl9 Aooth~ artiCle rept1l'ting

t bG bur"'" ~ deeW\lc'ti.()ll or J()~13h b!lc1uo~oo$ m V10:nna... ~~lin rind ~nicb

$ong Qtil(lrl" ,eitie$, !:'t~d t1:~t theJ'([f,wa t'1&Ttt Irlitmt3.l.).y d~liv~ecl to tho stre~t

''0$.. .. . 1) 'by UlI$is tJ~ngly 1nt£~nt on t..1w Mo:llOtOic a!Jd Gtlcial dCG'tl-.:a;tion

ofJ(,'Wr".;.lO A tncmth b ter 'rbi!I Wand~er. &tated that f!th& i~ens~ peroocution

~r tl'l i,\l JSW$ 1UOev:mltny g,t the ~e$e1'lt t.1~ b ~ t lroow ·Qolt tlb t he ~~\1'14se i n.

t()leranee \d.th which t hey \lSe tn,lt&d in e.11f.Ost <:Ne't7 country 1n. tite 1iIi)l"1d

eelturies '0., ,,11 '" .. '~'t). ':~[!'d~~ did nWf& .Ill"tiol ~sO-n the th~. so vopuln.r itl t he other

P~PM'S', t hat a t1oonspirao-y of :sUenee" JliUX'l"ound$d. Gtroo1t1(!}s /again,gt t he

OhtlX"ch while J!'~'ish pt'l'$0C'J'M.ons !'eetdVe(i iront l>~0 co~~age.1.2 &It u.n...

l::iJ.l:.e t he o tiler P~l'<$, "I'pe~ War-dflt'm' U,$80 'that term to refe;" to. therl'lU':f.l:tng

.ot lIr'Qnsa Oth0f' tha'll tOO$~ :9\:d~fdN!ld by eu'b,holica. f~or"~:\lraplf,.ll it t'QU $(ffwal

artiel~s on 1Jl0 lack of n,ca'tl 40neern abollt t he, lmg7to pl"Qblem in this e0lW .....

try, drll'llling a parallel between 'sil.~fl om t hat que$tion i n th~ United: states

.tllla silc~ ,on t h(!l: JfJwbh qU.e·S taO" 10 O.em«ny. 'lbe vaper 'warned that liunlGSi!J

\Ie r0~unl ape0011y tQ $i)UOO oono~pta Q.f b~ brotberllOOO urt31ng not ':rel'tl C

vnr.1le hw:3;,Im.sm. but tl\:lIll t b.e!tnesotWable ~ndllte of Chri3t:l~eh~lt;'Ij we are

hel pi ng to :prepare tlllO' gt'0".mI:J i n thfl$O Un.t t!ad SMte~ f Qr t .. '\e 1~en'tLc31. t~

91,he 'h~a!ldlM'~r.t )k,"fNliber 10* 1938. 10:tp'~1l' bb'ltltl!ib.w17. 1938 .

llnd,du , ~m.ber lh. 19.38 . 12Ibidv Novemo4i:' 2u, 1938.

46

oft'1101al ioto~0ltal'lee we· c.ond_n in iJitl('!l"a NJlti~"i9l $)¢i81.1~r.i~ !l13

l'W'a tb~? lbw did thetu~ Cliltbolic pllpers .1&';;1 th~, J0"WQ? All \URig ... .

s¢Qt'ed t )10 Popa' !;! h1.etol'io vole .::l~ Pl'otllc1m:" 4n4 Dh::lt~lder of t ne Jn~I$.14 But

,~1n vQr1ou$ &qU1vQcationt; d.,flneUld tM:)B st-at$..-:aents to t tll:! extent th4l.t th~y

h fild litU., df€.<Ct0X' I)ven t.~e o~tAte -ef.fti!C't $il.PposetUy ltrJt(Jtidoo..

Often at,ato~n-t~ .cone~n1ng tb& 1'- rie ' srale {l..<l pr Qtocw of' t-M J OYS

W0r e uaoo ned:. to 8t.t'(l~n t b9 bond bot~n Chr1ts~~ll and J:r,"li9~ but s s a

i'lC{UlS of point-ina out t he apPitl,l"ent ingrat itude of' th6J~~I~h A.S t."* V,&<fit(.)l"

OQid, !1~~nd~t4hEttl;er tr~e ,$po~.$st\l .. ~n io~ !f!i:rT/ ot.her Cllul'cn idould fi ght th0

bati;lf'} .for t!10 J ews at sueh & riak" 0$p(~oiGll.y (,ri:n~ the' Holy F."t hel' l¢nQws

that in t~~ paat J~g ~~('! aUin4 !;;ito anti .. ChM.~rbian tor~, ~r.dn$t. 'llmG

Ohm-cn be th in I t411y i'.tncl in otht>1" e"()untdlA~ •. !tlS

1'ite 5.- fi!!n8tet W~~' oa~idm'l',I.bly 1~$9 (1~,enfti:ve:. alltm p~lbli.shing at'ticl~a , _ .. ... W

6Poc1Cia<kllyib1lendcd w t'1.I£utt! ""uti-Semitic a:rgJlilen't.s., tM6~ ;',Artieles ~l.it ...

mdn-ed tnt; o-lJt'~~al'Jt an'U-~itic o~<I.1gna" POitltitlg aut that such a:ttac~$ t14G

a.h a;re :t'61f locil'td t t.e ~.w~t ttl t.h$\ $e1ent1.f'l e a.g~o£ the t\<:qjntio t"h q~atnt'f i t

.'as. l)R1.y lOltieu t~t tho;! ~llld be att4loked. on tfl$ supposedly sei()llf.j.1'1c

gt'oundu of r,m'CG__ t-b~ 9'Jt t ic-les tt'a~od eaz:-li« a ttaeka a~lilinat tho JOll.'S $Uch

aa t.~ ltliddle Aeeu chAr, @, 'that tJ't.t'y weerit' 1:.1Oooy ... leudolr'G :and el'l!(pMc;!1z.-edtfm~

this 'Wat';!, ,,)'h tiilll,t, title. th& onlY' prOi'(h'lS1Qtl:they ~0;illoW$d to f QiJlow'. 'l'h et'/

u~eS$od til. ,Jeld$h cont.ributiJ;m$ ta t~stez'n aiV :i:'U.~ation ood w~d th'it £'01'

t he Gel'm<m$toC<i:)trtinU~ t h t.:U' pot'!!oouUQn of tt~ .13 00' ~!i1d 'be 1) tNl'edl for

Gomrn eultl:U'e a.:.t 'WQU ;i.G t or t i lt"; J&W$,,16

l)~~p!~ JUf'le i i, 1939~

l.4ror Gx~lFt~ s~e ~_ BrO(;)~lYll'fabl«t.. Sep tember 214 .. 19, 3. 01;1'r $mdS[ Yu:i:to:r·, <:jeptdbel' ll., 19:1. • - -

lSour Sun.<;;\,v V1-sitorp September 11, 19)8 16~ D~v;~r O~il()lt.c R$£!1st&:r; Z1i~ob ),. 1939 ..

.' .~ .. : ",<-ot;~ ~

41

'rhe V'1~tor o;{'fer~d anoth$t' V10~O.f t UG J(;~t1~h 'ConU'i'but(Lon te l!!eS~:n ,. "' -

~l t,tU,"$. It eiallod 1!J:i~1 r'.notori.ougl1" tnt·til.lee\nd. and iiU .. kno~'tl iib()ok ... .. l;'~ru:lel"l!I, t.fiiTikalt $ ", Ii SUClb th~ 1!a~ t9~ tl»u~t tb~ m:l.ght, <la, ~ml to ll!r>pl ,.

tllou' abiltties to ~ l"'O:\\d'tn/J of th~ Good F'r'id~ t.b"'1d. fbl y SatUl"d~ 11turjJ!ee

ln t he ~.issi:!l wtoh would, llw.u·ently. hav e ~n o'ffifMl"eI vlllue to t hal'Ji thain

tileit' usu..ll itltoll~tual. aot 1vi tifls}7

'i'be .ae.=B1s~, ill an M 1tOl:"hl et1M. t l e4 "Our Bt*oth~ t he Jeut! etdd

tb.,..,t r'suon tht~~ are mt m:rtb,f or Q1:u:'ist-1an peo;ll .. s , • • . • n18 til! othel"

papt?t'a, 1Wtm the Vt.:t tor, ostnlltd.bl,y' ~eed. Tho i1:l,lot. sad antt .. l:'k!m1tism . . . . - . - .

W3S a O~Ug0 f:01' IWne~ tl~£ «Ifi'ryr~llt;..m:tndcd AmriCIJU'l ... .. " . 11 MmU, 1't

s ai d" had ,cHv1de<l t rd1 'Wrld bo:ri14Qn11"llly f a.1Uel" dl'!11d(lG :to tI ~~ti¢al:'llf. One

01J':il 'Wf;\S all great 03$ the ot h,@r .. l$ ~t}n ae tJh;oll'>, OO~# flOne 'Of tm" papera' $ti'tnd '~. th~ .u$sticrl of anti ... &m:i.ti~o:oul.d l)1J,Ve ~~ mq g;"(t~it.

CQntio.lation ' to t M Jor.ta.

;tho ~cr, at gr eat It'flgt.b alld: t.:ith mot'e tln'l:.husiIlStll • .01.·00 eOf\tbn.p~d

_i-.Jcm'.tiG 1n t l'lll Ut)i~d St tlt0a. Vgi Ql.ls \i'll:"t1cl.~s told of CQtholiQ~\lPs,

'WOt'k:i.cntt alone a-1!"with Pt'owetittm. dl!'11OilIiaation$;, t."ilteh triad ~ $~ t.he l'ts.o

<lIf Jliller'ican QDt1o"'~mit>;\l .• t' tn om e.dt. ~rl,~lJ Tbt j1mdmtw '~a14 1.1. Cm~1st1an

m:tkes no l'~cial. dht.incf,1on~, and beeau!;fEl be dOes no t .. t~w 1» scrupul ou:9 abou t

wha t be $m~. $ap~cinll.y in puvUe" hat t' llc1al. afi:Wo zd. ~l:~; ·~be a~u.$04. "'" As

lio st.Qtld ·.t!l<H'G t..'e holieVe .395".10 Cbri..et, the' 'F'OUtldcr of' the Chr btiQll

l~f> ne!:!!!lt nlJ,tl1O~ig .. ~~S:i,$~" fl.1rcb ) , 19)9 .•

11~t' s;md'l V1~1!p1", ~lal' 24. 19.38.

laThe 9!lWE CatfWU c ~A~~ J~ S, 193"" . . . ...

19~~ ~stQn Pilot, July 1" 1939 /I ,

2O'l'he, kand,e%'~l" , Dec~r' 8. 19)6.

;,:;.:: .,,:-~':' ~

liB

l'oli€ionc, rvOod-ile liho snid; fI.';t'h:$. fI n~w oom~{nr:h'r.r.mt. I a1:we ~ln to )1'Q:u ~ UtiLt ~u l ovE} ono ssnQthElt' ati I ba"/e loved you • • , " fllb:' do l:JE} Pf'Oi~(JOO 'to OO~l'l'out' fJ€tu1ticn by 00 W Qh (1:$ II bdrsbrendth" Ul'll1.1l. thor.o v¢rscd. tn _he _ tot Hol y ~it con );)o<1;)oe $0 tlueh U$ 3 {d."1£!:le lflf"n t @j:1CO thot f ell

£l:tom _ U1'$ 0.1' t he S~\l'io!' "lhleh could be cons t i'tutod as s;pprov,al or jt\:~tti'io~ti~n ~jf t,hoz~ersocutiof\ ot Jews;.. .. forJ the l~!lttel·of trurt., (If .my peopl e "mat,(lI'Iel'.

'l'hep ... perseond01'.med t ho principl e f!)f anti,..~ll1ti~. !:b .. ieYet' did ~ey

el$O ?kbet t M The Vi."3itor.,wMl~ p~t'l;.y in 1t$ ~tt1tude tow.art1 tho, Jet'l3 96<1'* I . t . _

t part , fdmply to ~r~ them~ »\th t he Pilot and t he

~b~e.t the pllo tt~r& in ~~whllt difi'erent ..

On necembeF 24, 19)8, tbt'j Pilot r&n an editorial hC"u.'iod If~l l'oople -- .....

Israel. U It statced 'that t he ~Jltootion ot tho Apostleship or rt"~yor ,t"or

~m~ wa& t he conversion 'Of t be Jews,. It thtm f,):uoted Q p~ayc~ t~ tr..s J-iass

of t.h.s Fr e-lIIMctifieci on Oood h-idayj apparently QS an e:t~)l() of: Ufiy t.he J GWS

m.>eded ,oonv~s1on. 'lbn pr.qer lRefa~d, to t ham ~. tlbl.:tnd J~tl4'h fl l<;chomg the

Vi 1'.tl:t2r, th~ __ ;:"'_ i f tested tt~t t.~ JeW's l"ffad t.'1:ie and othg Oooc l i'rtdnY

et'ld tl;)ly Slttur<1;,w li~s1e$. It pl'otdsed that tttl.~o ~tU titId p,'ophe:eies

which :/ll'e ob?t1ous .for~sh.ado~nf!$ of Cl1rist. " It 'a~ stranu-eto too j1J:gt

tbat th~ were not. 1ntolUc~nt uT,o~~h to $en t.h$iOO ro:re:sb.ado~g$ 'l'lhen tl1'h&

lhot tl:t-s ·of the Law e<llul.d t,oU &rod 1tIen and iiltl~e ~·1 r)i t. torGowrn. lllfJY ao

enil~g~r$d hb l Uo a lni.l"l.loiei 1Il3S nee<Jed fu$~vQ it.," $ t he, i'.Uot saw t t, -t."ll) J t)Vtl e¢uld fl'l"ead Wl'U ot;o{lgh in atrn1 eh:t"1s t ' s 0l1I:l'rlliea." '!'h~ a'1ould co.,r ....

t L't1nl), fulve btl0!'l a'bl(~ tOl~ ""nGi w~ll $nougfi\ t() und~r:$tttOO his tl'utb. f ill t~:v

hav-e mt tU1I8d thtltr itJt~111iencf3 to that o»dt litbe', t0r'~ t illithl:o/Jcs" has t o

st:;md. ft

fhb OtsUUft$tG't' t b(1 JEl'llS \brought the Pilot. to the bri t'.l¢ Qr rej(Jotlng

the Jud.it l:H\~$ of the Christi.m hEivit. .. llV3. A Ml'idooey diaeu~d (i) 1~rli¢l':' :ttl

this pP..per ., l"l1tbaPPG.:t"Got ~:pprov.u the paper ptlbltshod th$ deni.alof the

ooto'ber 8, 19:38.

b9

~ellbisbO:p of: ru,~.,;)s.ta.jJ t.lla t Chl:'iatia.nit;it had tin ~.t1tim,:;.'t:.13 borl.:d '!>)it h JlJddsm.

fhl) ,\rchbi!l~p 'fJal¥1 pr.otl)st:mg 'l gl'li:ne.t l;l. deor~ that t£at~c,,'1er:l" gi''1re np :r~J.1 .. '"

(P.oll3 ¢1:a1iltf.l~6 aineo Chr'l.nti o.nitoy ~as b+lrtod on JudalSl'j. & . pointed out " lltld

the ri1o~ aC~\llled to ¢oncur, that Chr :i.~tt lii teuChi(1Ga 'Wer e bacea on })iviuo fiO"V'··

el~tion and not on JQldsh trndition .. 22

!\ fem l\1Ontlls l awr the Ptlo; pJ,blished !mOther ~t.1clc "itb the sallie

t bQlOO" 'l'hia tlfllf>l: it l~~poJ't.ed t ilt! demuno1Jiit1$u by tll~ Bisher€, of h'uerzburg ot

...,tl~ liqs-1';.Gt£anti¢ p1"l)paganda 1n G~nany link:in~ Cbrbtiam. iV to Judi'.dtr.n.. The

.Bbhop is ,uQted ns ~H~fiull : "'l.'lw, l'eg~d i)lW tai th ao a J Owi:'lh m"eatioll ..

'i'llia 4 fetal. er;"or ~ ••• It 18 impc;ssibl.~to $Valu~~ ·CbrisUl\ll".ity as a

f urther o "} , ~. "I_ olution or as G. Vt\:t'1ant 05: Jur:uum. tl9 'fue f'~t soet:dtlf).y agroed. ~.

$ay~ thut the l'lazi t'eferM.ee. to the f:OJ~ :.tS the 'lSUprEmO n~bbi of All Chris

tbn$'/ was "oJ1e- o,'f tf:\a vll ~st .:'l:tt(.l~9u on t ho pOtltift' by tha Na~1$,.2k

On(J, Clil!mlOt CI.$<fQlllla, o f ,OOm-SEa,; that, t he ~9£l nlll'CQGe.:ll"11y 'StaW ~ rEl;oo

"action ot th~ J udee l;nu~t1 o;f Clrt!~'rtirmlty floS Ma;neOur'agemcnt to an.ti .. Sell'JIe~.

Se;1theV' can one .000 0Ul;\l! that editors of the P1lQ~ man dctdicated to the ,

3rt of ColltilU1.l1Q31)ion, oouid have been Un al;N(J of tho ~r:fcct on t heir r9J.tder s

'Of t his. ,at,M bIde t0Wal'o th~ Jf.tW$~ pat'tl~l..ilrly at lit; Umo ~~Mtl ;lnti.$(git:1.$rtl

Wlitl) a ~:t.1.n,g thrll!$.t t.o ,t tl-/Ji ftree~r1Qtll!l r 1lliglculil bo1llt.lllca3t in t ht) UmtEld

St.at4~.

l:f the In.lo t it.·lelf to v<"lgue but efi'ce 't4va innuendoa- ;tl$8inSt

tile Jew, the fabl~t did not. The Tablet ~z;r~ntl1 concurred in the boH..,.!

that t h$ J:eW~l'ltl"l')Ued 1ntet'ti;ltiQn~ laaaee. Cotle~ ·~uently 1t hM l i t tle

~u~ t or tho struOO1~ot Goman J O'.i.'$ to l'ftee-t t he f'1rw ~vi~ on tht?m 'by

t/;J,0 tla.zi ll.toVertl'llant at'tllt" t he murd.e\l' .by <J Jeclids.'l boy o.f a :a(\l:~i oifi:01.al ltD

2~he; ap:l~~~ Pl!o,1?;Jatlllary lh" 19)9 . 2)D;tda) Mi.\V 6, 1939.

24!b1~ •• ,~ July 1; l~ 3~· .

, .~.: " . ,::.;~ ..

$'0

~iWoe. Aocordi~'g ;1:,o the '~t.sl'tl!l~ tln tfj.n.tihitrsim,1l'1 p:lrt 01 the ttothcch11d

fort,utltr ccu;tld :t"Gn$cm all t.l-J.n Qnl"lllart .J~N~; ·.. ':i.'hl.tl Soe:Rl:r.nl~ly 1rl"f;il~"'~t stoatemel'tt. ..

app::rr.:ntly it1Pl1ed that, ttl."- ,11)\':$, h!td 11(') tigbt to pro~at the injut·t1(!~ 01

t,'10 f:!.no. 2$

morn popul~ theme l.ritb th+' T~ble! was that 01' ~l'.Ile(i Jet-dsh suprort

o r COlWiunism. The rabJ,e~ rap~-;:rtodly ~l.l'lpha~iz;erl t~.lt t~'tU0 it. might have bean

(.'1.f'f1cul:t to d~eu;t~n'!';. ther J /'wisb :t"Ole in .fQl/lIJn'M .. ne tbe Coummi13t $UOv61' trion,

the1r SllPf 'O"(t of 't.n'i1 Oo~i,"1t. !.-oynl l et$ in tOO Spturl.tt l Q1v1.1 l;~ hud ;;mde

it ohvlo-us to JWml'icm Catbolic''8 Wl")l"C the Jews stood . 26 Indioation or t11$

connection betvc~ti tno t,~ could be found eloner to ho~~ It t ob~'iQ~

t hnt >:~jlenevt.W FathCl" Coughlin at ';..:lckec!. t ho ~tmi.ots it '~n.$ t..~~ J6irl.S!~

controlled cofmlun:tcations $y~ttm \.tdoh triGQ to silence him.. l'br ~havir;g

pointed outtl'Jat ~tbe1,~ t.!.e J 1tJ\-J;j ~Cl"'0 ·too pt'om1tllfmt :tn iurt!It,1'l:' il'it: t hlf,i cause of

Ltlnit)jl CoUgl.int.lM as :1{.i1od IlSol dd~ender of Nasi.8lt.t 41flcl ao OOitl.g a,nt;t,.. r~;}iti(l •.

~S$ !lttUQ~$ ~rc QOVio',lsl y IJlIlOke~cr.efm;$ to proteot those to w,~ f ather

Cou:;Olin H::lC a th{'~nt. 2'1

fl.fI t or Z"nthcw Coughlin" , t he Tilblct r0zu1o.rly print ed t he @It.ir"O to.."tt

of his r:lld1c broaocllstlQ u,.'1d s t.'ltad t.hat; i t beliaved "Couijhl:txdsmll l'tl)ul.(! ()rt$

d~ be t ho proud looel of ~1l1.o1at fl.1'W!l'"le&na" Th~ pt:':1a~;t wae ea't., of oo\w~'lfJ~

w.ti .. ·$e~ld.tie. He G~..p11 d~oouniled all per-SI')Cut10J'ffra ther tharn ':loly the

'Par$~cution in Gl'many. 'I'h1'({ 'tu9ant that he denoun.cod t."o ColtlmUnbt p0t'a&-

cuti~J;1 of the CI~ thol.1c3 jon R"5:;10, ipain trod i~i " Md, " thone dcnun.. •

ciat,1or..s iuV'olv·ed J,c"'St It "1M o:nl~f thoua J e,ws who h.Gd d!llpllt'te.ci from lit he

path ~ f thoU- fntht:!!"s. PZ8thMt: Je~lt) , ~tt».ugh FO-b.Qbly III mi~dty, W$l"e tho

()Qntl"(dUn;,! vo-ices of t he 3od~t goveJrnni:(!nt; 'fbe 'i'a".s.t J..o)"ally baoJ!'~Oougil

l in even to t.>;:o oxt cnt ot COml.D[! forth. 4t ~~l'op.riate :tr;teNnls, with i'0t' ~

5100 Brot>¥l'.\~ r~b:t~ Novembii?.t' 2'6, 19)8. 26;rbic"tt J M.u,'1l?y 28, 193~h 27tw.,cJ,.. pryoeJltber l O, 1938 . 26lbtdu July 29" 1939 ..

.,.~.; . f~"~ ~

51

~nt :~evela.tion~.. 11'or ~aMfil$ 1 t r a\l$$l6'd t"l~' ,0 be.1.u of ti~ Hlll.H.ia

t oraian o£'r:t",~ who had d~clislt'OO hb chicI' ~i'l! in H.tfl t() b~~h!l :;:t\,.,et" tl:x'ow of "

thQ del'JocrnCi,e;s" WllS in, f4e t ;l J ,,},('1ntmtOd :.Q10$o~ ,4br<?JlOvi tell n,.~idzo, Qlthough . .

hia n~;;tle \<./3$ of fiei,olly lis ted 'M LozaY'~kY . 29

~ d1,<:l t he J ',,~;s pors0,C,llb FatL'Qt' Coughli n'? ne¢~tTein hill :Jrtttll~to

to undol'.'$t-and t.~ tound l?tJ,Q,n of t.~0 iIa,:\1 antip~~ tor 'the Jen:ro he hild un

e.ll."thed t .. he1.r 001'lr.ectie:n vith til(t C¢nilli~ni :'!r~ . l:!G t·tlMJQ:n~ in thl:$ lt2av;,

lor '!!loll-or 'Ul ... foUhded r~:rott$1 th$ ()el" Jll~n~ bll4l'r4d t he Jews for t ho ~cial

and ~cvI'lQl1de1U$ of t ,'le F'Q,ti:l.~%·bt1d since V~)r ,$4'dlbn_ l'\':lp:.u:'entl,v th"'Z'G 1l~.$

some cl.ose roll)tioMi:li p be-t" een m e J O".rb h control of OO~"1Yf & f j.n"t,fi C»!> ~ld

Co~un1nm bcc.3u:!le N~.r.i~) being ~ :re.aC;tion a~91~vt Com..mun1am... bad boe-'\) forced

to Gpo$'" out tligl;linst t .'le J tliW·$-.. not bee::.mllt'l th~ M ntro-lled ~l."aum fiMW~S,

b-lt becauso t!';.~y l1(l!re llCmc1!1oW r flS'tK)tH:Jible fol"Col.'!ln'ilmism bOCOliS (1 't;¢ll"G4 t to

ct mnT1$ .

It is not eln~ lihat thfl JD't~a .Q;8 f'inal1eilWs t;mye b ('Jo w1tlt t he J' (1oW'B

s.fJ Cow.muniot$, but Co~hltns()<:;l'fm to rel f)to th~;\ tw. AVptlX'imtly ~1~ finano1er

J'l# who ea~$.erl Oermruw' a i'inandal troubleo 'WIlS also th~ CClf!~..1n1 et, J O\i 't;fiO

'~Q.S profit.tng ftoom Gt tma."'iY t 9 fb~'lci1l1 -t:r,ooble"", U , of cc)ut'se. (:Outlin hll\d

C;lO(lOl1 'to (Jot Na2J.i~ up ;as a. rellctton to (l:emaq f a fit1~j,.u. dii£i;C',ult.' .0s onl y,

it "Xiul.d h,llV$ bem airii>l er to trace thdr :sntipa:tflf f or to'll} J Cllga tc the. I itlan ...

ciAl prominetlee ot ~ .r£·'W~. Eat on ~illllt gt'oundu ~l!ld h~ haVO th{!'tl be'I'11

able to j .Ull'lt.:if) tladum a'l.'l pral'«.nbl~ to Ootttn~m? lilO. t{3,~sm hutd ·to· b0 the

rOO'.llt of' COl'irflUMsm. Cougl1n wuld p:t'Obubly h~e be-en 1<i!l inZ to bave :lgnQr'$Cl

tIlo alleg n th.at trt~ J e-lIS cnu~ed G~m c¢onota1e 1l1Q .l;ld eOflcsnt l'{l te·

on tt>.otJl as Comwniat,s. '1'be Na~rl.Il, h"H:n.t0t'1 b,:tc1 flU,Idtl t he :fom~r t he. t l -."

'r!!ore prominent th~ and CeUf,blin.,. «PP«l'C/,lIl t ly, felt b& h~d to lIOrk it. in $OInl

u~.

-- 29ih!id.~ AugUst $, 19)9 .

,;:.;~ " ....

52

To euppox-t his tb'ilOI'Y thnt Me a.el'~alls .... e¥'f$ jU~Jti1'i,@ditl atl{ipfil,o'til\~

Jo'w 'of ilsvtng Com!m.mh't, oc>onections, Coughlin },ublion0d a 1.:\40£ f1afJte~~t A

l ondtng Commun1st a. ~t.lll1Y. ~()b~'dlng to h18 H were J(I~'fs. Fe1"tilese

Ooutthli n. lie:rtod Doit,ht:.'lo:U" Russtitlo ~'1d Je'llJ1sb 1l4lllElS .

Mia information sllppo~dl;y' ca=e f rom a tlr'i.'tisb 14h'!'ttt ?s'p~r . In aottlal

tty it CiilM n-Olll !ie."lU Fahey, M rrishtn~ who had bitl'l5&£ 'PUuUsbod a Vir ..

u1e:rt ::lnti-:'~t1c book. Th"~'!!tical Sedy ot· Chr 1.3t in the lif.oOOl'tl ~ld.

i'abo},l"ec(}iv5d hif.) informution :foom a .British publication called n"rh~ Yi'l'triotft

lfthicn had, in turn, t aken the information frota a French publieatiotlcalled

'!Doc~nt Ol 'th:oliQue . II It had rrubHsh~d tbe li9t in 1920, B~y:1.ng it WM balJe.Q

on in1'ormatlon tl'Oln tl aecl'/,lI t An~('ican SecrQt Sel"t1co l."6port . Not only ... ..as

th$ r eport secret, t 4e /i:rll<1r:l.oan Secret S"rvice wa$ 00 secret that no one in

tho Uh:i"t~d St *ltea b{)lie'Ved it $ted. The only ~i&i1ar bod1", tho United

~t.'!t~l~' ~cret Service, denied e'ter' having $\len a l1st • .30 Unfortunately it

took SO!!!~ t itno to tl:nr ~lV'e.l t he lffLlCta . " By ttutt t1J\l~J undou'bt edl.y, n;.u.oh d~ag.

hall bf)on done.

'1'brou~ho'Ut hh G'ler so !1lubtl.e de1lUnciaticm(f of the i.Je ffl8, Cou.ghlin re.

i~rated thnt hI) W;3~ not "lceusi"lg all .16W$, onl;y t.'hi:')S0 who \"are iIlthe1ets.

fffb OId:,r dt:J ~'ll.t \Jith t.'1c;: subject at <in beCl'I;i1$e flUl 'ohJ~ityff he f,l{}tigllt lithe

O;;tU~8 tl>t'!t prOchlQ~ 'fJIO, effoot l(noWf), ;)os N<I,z.1~.N~0,1sm i\'hio.b. UM (Il'Vol\~$d to

~ 1;; as 11 d,eien$o 1':leOilJ4ni$ll tl{P;w:::t t he t n<ror !:i1orJ!l, of Co1!lmUni{lt1l. /.I H$ hoped bis

revelations wuld lead all Jf!'wiIth l.e.adcrs, :tnde15'd.oll good J ew$" to t'ep ud:i ..

a.teth~ aiJle!stie-Comnunit:Jtt in thedJ:' Mdst., If th4\IY w.,"U'~ to tb 00; thom

\/ho. unlike Oough1:1n" bl~d all J atis for the u.otioU9 of IJ· tn, wuld see hoW!

wrone they "$1'''')1.

~,~""-----,,

. . . 300uSt~f!1\~' ,.e:fS" '~-Mr~~or B~otr'.i; i~ :tn~, t,1l5.1~ st'l't$~ . (New York. Random fi(mt8e, 19u)); PP.. .,. 2.

Jt~he. nroo~l:yn 'l;'ablot, Novenbal" 20, 19)8 .

'.'; .. :

51

What did too l'a:blf~t ba"te to $i;1 tilbou.t E'sther Coughlinte, logic? lather

(hugill-Ul. "~t~ w$.t tloOut ~411ol rQt' ''bola ~'1d ff$3T'l tiss hon~~ty. " . rJ~ ~,dd oponl.y A

\.1/ls'!. ;nillior.s are ~v~3"in€ in U"' il'orcli.:"l.3l'>Y conv(}l'cat:ion~. '" •• It JU, ne f r om

t r.e t'4'l ,~ct;ion of t~I"'U' reil~'s ~ tl~1'i1.'bl,p'~' l.)el1lWtJei he I!~pl'~ssed t'h~ Vitn..t:olot

¢:I: ~er-il~ go'tll.une ,\i:<lei'ic.~n . "32 h "dUt:i11gl:isl'>eo .Pi'elllt~H hlas quotad 3!l aayi~

thn't, Ili.f th~7 ~ct .3;" ,*- ultb this f1.lOve tel ~llwrej;';S Fnttlttr Ooughlin [$:>lileo!

t ht\ radio l'lt :.rtionn h.ad dt'oN'od rd.a cm:rtl" acg not. one of \,1$ is Sl~1'(O t f1.33 'file

'1~~t." '!Fpo, l (tlt t he tX'~.:tt.r<tat.t of fl)t l1i!'.l" CollShlm h.~ he\lil~ u,tlt.:dr~ t~,

i t askedJ W.l$ he ri!iQO'T(~d fi"''01'll t h4ll ~ir 'Wb.~n ll~pp.u'!€'nt l.at-a,..h:t'~ake.rslf lik~ .r~Clt

lffiro'lj and Geo~gl1l Bi.L,""'l1S c0l1t1.l:liU;!d 4Ilithout hindz"meo" ('rae l'abl at d!d ~t tp

i1l'w dillt;;dl at! to t.h~ n at..\'U"f: ,')f th~ir tlllidet~unQJ"$ . )34 In Ghort; ~~ Cougt~'-n

.. ala quot.fd <AS eay~i.ngJ t(1 \l~S the f1 t<rt'get or the most ~n(tt'l$Gtie on-

t:1laugbt CVI'!r' litunullOO by !tmQr1oan Je~·rl ac~in~t ~ indiviaud. I' As th~ :iev ..

"rend thnbL A. tord, S.J. 1;rfU-mml)<.1 it up, aftoE'i!;t" an 1nwrvi~'W wlt.':l ,Fat-run" Coueb

lin, C .. 1:.":Iol.1cs s l"JOl.ld "hit. 'bl olclt at f.ro~1&ft.t3 t~ ~t,t.ffl'tl:~r~1.l ~ ~l3e Ul" t l1;$ ChtIl'Qh.J)

The P:ilot alno GUPPO':'ted Fc.rtJ10:' , -::-11110.. al thQua.~ to ~ oonSidel~ab11

1~t1!$ ~i'ftflnt~The yi$itQ:t'!' and the RGr;:ttl;tP. ...... $~pwrtA1ci him not )30 tllUc.'1 f or lYhat

n."! re rlid aa t or ..m~t he N~:J-Q Oatix:ll1e priMt. Th(fq(l~l.;\1tar did dif'fa' ~d th

t.hoother$ to the eJtt0tlt th.'it ~kt t1Ug~~otoo the lfl$~ $.u d QDQut h:!:i:.1 the batter.

Tf~ j,ranQeX'~ il<')'tfflVDr, hed i tu own id{\\1l8 about Fa:th~ CO\~sh1in.

~he.I·!'\rl(k;r.,(~r l.lW~:ral.'lt11 tt)Jrood ~dtn Fnit • .tlp.r Coughlin 1!men /1$ $laid tbat

the· Haz';, z::rejudi:oe-s Settinat t r.e Jew!'I COl.lld no t b$ .l iquiol:lted ulltil Itt h.e

religi(lll$ JCl<Itl! in. Jid.{~tl plQees~"'if.l ~ag>,)gttl!lo,. i .tl f1n:.me8, in l"'",dio ~ and in

too pl"aaa.-... a,t tac)( t..~e CAUS.,. a t tack tortbrlght tr..e ~(lre $)d t he spt'e~d of Co.mmu

niatt togoti:'ll'!r ~1tb t hnir co .. »at1cn&ll$ who ~tlpport. 1t"tt1b! ~, bappU Yt

32Itl'Ul , . NQvGmoor 26,. 10)8 . )3~id. , D\!leertb,~ lO, 193~.

34lhtd~f J.fI.rtU-at'y 21, 1'139" 35%~ ." Febru~ 25; 1?J9 .

"';"'{ i:-")·~ .,

1:" ,;>4

laS roo t~dorar' ! ii.i only atawmant S\.iJj¥ Ol''t:''.mt; ii'!l,.t hl""t ' Coughlin d\.l!"i'llg IGho Y~r4' .

r. ~~e 't1Pical ~t'iltfl!m~l)'t. Oli CouetH~_p :r~1 t{,d.s "J~~ FG'T,ll at' Coughl i n r.lig~lt "

b6:rieLt in $~e tJl!,~ J0U$W01'e '{ui ,cii: t o d~l"nd a3.d .ear ~lcw w

g:!. v OJ it tA:> UMtrel:'thel,)se. t he .It't~CkB or }'llt he1' &:>lJgblin ~e.Qinat the

J ews at ,g, tin}(\! tfhell ill l'idiCious f a:.tlw oucht to 6tand ~houldnt' to ®.o1l1d~t'

in (lo~a aoi'enso of t.1>}e :.'em.u1nl n .. ::;: ·.r.'tlut,igos of human t"i&~ts :JC ~:\in$l. qvOl'-

a<lri~lC tyr'~ a.t'a no t uer)':b"'lg t:"i() c.aus~ of ool1tl ar'Uy urue.'10 th~,f .

roO wit h r. litt'O,"L,,'X' tllO;,l:.HU'!,) 0: obj ,!'>ctivitw mid Cho.ri iiy. llJ1

~p ...

.it ntIOt.'hfl' 'bitfl.tt I t!& trI¥lnS~m:tn" reprin w d ~) Qf;'tiol<J f'rolll ti;lt\1I st., Louis

-.~ " .... "':t; .. ~hich condermled t l:o C'tl 1)).00 ,s'eirl"odu-p ~ u't:!d for t h() Je~J{~ bs attlick-

ing • os,d JOt.IS'~ l'at bel" than b .. ,d p",:()pl~ . T.h." a1I'ti¢l~ donounc~4j

d1»r~ l\le cr~ooto ~grll!e" I'1dul1ltlt't.lPJfI end 1nn~n~tory t;;U',~p1e;tolmt 'tIl()$t I)f t_ utAt.:'r l v u.&J't:JU1'll:ledTl witi¢h 'WH'0 ffblllI'sf" tot'tn in ;lfl a,r}(.) t ionnl t,cmo oVt"r tJ.'li' I'8M

riia 'U.>mlUiol'ltl 01: people u'Oo ate only tQo r ei1d;r 'to .Qvt\ll"loolt t he 'iU£uU'i ...

oa.ti()!: ~ ane di~Hr"'(nfal$ 01' aut:l- ~:~.:1dt~. s~ t.hat -lC\COll%p:.my th~ Pe.!} , i OMtu in

(.ti.c t.;1'l,Qnto: Jamah f :fun.c·tj Gline of ,Je'W'i,(J,h Cot~u.n1St:1.. .. • it rr38 It t~5t~ 1'Jt?re

bOt tho un<~ t\dYQcnl. ooudOOlllqtt.l.onS po~d.i,hloJ thwJ Wf?-l'(}", 1t l {, M'lt .. indic .....

t i¢ns ot 3 !dlUngnen$ to rajfJct t.~et ¢.o~\!'o:r .. t,a of: (1Ptj"..~~ timn.

1'0$ 1f$l~rt'l" t1'/nn tlent , SO far :a!l W. publil1h ~n ;',l'l"t 1clo ~;r.itten by

el'~d ~t. C . Kernan, rectot' o t t h'" 'lr'in1 t:{ :f.pi sQOpil Chureh at B .. 1.5"Onp~,

'.UHf J(ff''f!J,'1'J, 01 t ~ t us t he bost annlys'W 0 r l1dil) UdC're,!1'$08

et>!lC~l·tt1.nfithe I'G.bti <mnhi'p bQi;llletetil, ,Qh'td .... ,emU.1ma and Col~.m.'1. Cc)'tlghlin

had sl'tid that Na?'1!'ltt1 \U'.~ tier~t1!!O ~=dns't Col:lwniGm una that r:\.loh Q defen.

~l,:,ul.d al~/n..i1'S bo "eh:ar'H')tc;t'i300 by p~~e('l\l tion as lona ~~ lfIiegllided J{!".4tJ arld

a~tn"!s, i n !3".1eh # $ut Dumbc:r'$,cortti !;l!1$ to fJI'OVag$1t6 t·ne dO'c'Q'inee of anti...r-'Od,~ • • • Ii

.36~El ~~erer~Rov~!lIb~ 24, 1938 . 36Md:,., ri~cet'"ber n , 15"3B i\'

,:'1;.;"

37~ldO ilee_er a, 1938 .•

'~'I.~ ,

.. ~ ... ~:>

f[ernal1 rotol'~;edt}.~~t ()thrnl" der~{'; t(j~cb md:c~d • ...dc:'<l.o;·I}.C.:J lor

one ... · .. tlbie.'A 'r!Wl'l';l :r.o tqn.,tr.:<tct., ~$.d ;lij' i)e,l·(\;0ttrt'J.~.Oj 1-$-: dI.~t1I'll 'llt::.ent.ton 1x> "

Coue·jlinfa ,;,,:;,..y l<lith cond .rt.::":,n ot :.d:.heiat,ic ~dl1~~lt fl:3'

1.;,,13. ... Z JO'W{J but :;>a:l$':1hz!'1) in i,he middle of title tallta m'Opp~ noy mCllt1.o'·

of thC!'ii forro.,rt Z'(ls t1i.tg t1w "ml:... of' th!\ eh.:,.rc&" till}~U1 ou 'the J(i\Jo. 'lhb

lone "~l'tio1o 'by r-.c:t"p'~11 :dld u. line by Ul,O ;:);nll.$$l.!l .of thil) t~lmi\il:l() ;tn

C'Qus.bl ~t'l,t 0 't,;:;1kg~ a.t tile r,,1I!:(j timr.t (J:-c9c1;iui: ar.d dcl)~o1i~hin~ the $Upr,-osee.

1n'f s st,)t,.;)t;'l(:) p ~39 "'. $b~ YI;l,pd~rm~ liloo .r"'JliJI.1·~,:Wlue which ft;l:'~1rl~ and rej£let(~d D.uy );,;os::.4 ..

bilitit)$ t~a'l:. tho i1·ot4(~1.~f ~,t! p.~et{$,of, [, :i:S'.n lUld al\V l.d.s~l'.ical busw ..

his tlOl~ too <DUque ",Vr:.a.ck$ on the Jews,

'll'I~'$ t';tron~~i~lC 'thfit hfl, h1.ril$0lf, (~3,cn' t b~~.ucV";e in t han th.:rL t h.at it did

!;~i'J1U {/. 1i' t,J.a i:-c,ni,o t ',;i t t \ );"· l,W1v It(..'/.:it:leu6sed if> this dOCUllcnt "pro tl~t (»IlL

bei!'.£ .rul.fi:n~ j,n th~ ,e""N'!t 9 of thn l:l"'efJoot c:r:r. but. Jlttl;~ibuted

lJn.fortal!.Qt,~l'1 to tho J~)'(,(h.h pool>l.n f,l~t (i l'(!IS'Ill l. \'} l$ad~I's l silenca or

,,'Jp,'ott. of it"Clld d :t"CV¢l.ut4, :,lil;;;ry r;o1 1,c1~s ~md obj~ctiv~..>I~tcb m~ny JQtcl.<s e~

'bra~d $,t)d ~bett..cd in f ·,,<vor o f $,nt,"rl'l,~tiQ~(il tin't!lrr,unio::: i:H h it/:! ,;.'Qi"ld .. 1::'id

X'('V'obtio:n .. H40

l:-':Nl. t,h~ !11'!.t, r. t!:p'Udie~tGd thr(t 1.ndmntiotl "'i'Zail':1t t~JI.'!< JCt-.i$ a."14 (;e, ....

l'lOJJnecd tbe ?~oto¢l~l$ :J $ pl l':Qrism Gino fr :;:l; ,j\ ;l~nt .• . . ' 1e Pilot ;.tOnt 00· f ~ Q

ttl tl\l·oli~b. ~ 'll'M.e h l;tj'tc:h wnt to$C~m p,:ri.'I'l!£ to document th ~! b ::"Okgr.oul'lG

of the Pfotoool~ vJ. ttl t.~ imo~~tt1ofl of tJ1:zpl'o'

it:1. bl 1~1tbell' di d tht<l' it!,tj1:3t':?t or U~ !,Iift'itor

the l'T'o tQca1e _ _ . J _

Apr il 6, 1939.

hO ~,.!;:.~tdm r.1.btltt~, JUM 10, Vn?

4l.~ t~~l1 .J?il.q~ O,,.t;ober 29,. 1938 .

; .. ~.: :

Qllf'l~~t,iong ,of theh~ vtAl.id ...

,;.<;.~ ,

Sf)

cl\ ,ill • • u v..lOugb t ht Of: _ ". _ _ '"< ~ ' ,' Pl.--e..n6. of ~lghl1.nism ~' :sg _ 1

.uU o:$.' th(~tr.:~ <I; l tlDSlS'ef' (/'xtetvt~iJ 11:..trb0l'~d 1·e.$l$l1trr:;,;r~ts ItIgnittt:t . "

~:!ln-:' th<:f.;rt e Olldi ~d a dork r~lo'!,. pt'obn.hly J ... .,.':!.fi]j i nr.p1J:ed., lG:o·wn (1$ t-h~

ItC:>t16l>i t' ar,:y oi' s:11q,mciP " If

h.;;.,Q.in!) which l~fJ<id " 3Yr.f' ~,t ' lJt !"m J1!.;",; 1 ~; .ft~ .<Y.tlr;~~;, C !t'1'l~ L!Cs

115S.1!Lf.'12 lrl {iF'<!H!!}!' Y'Jil Clin:l: '? I,m ~!It!'r" I I t,loje ti4l~t h:i.n~<! -ch.;tt :1:t 11"'

¢'~ltd~ r.lozc to .an &.rlSt'i' 'lI' f et' i;,h£l Cllthol ic qU~tltiQtl ,. !1llhy a-O r~¢h r.,t,t.r:t: ti.on

e:tv~n to 'llie J tNno 1 plit::ht il'\ Oo '~m.~n,'. tJ{:. lUt l t) tc t.il¥) C ... t .. 'I>rolicti i n Sptdn or

Hmc~. A$ the TllhJ,,!lt $ aM~ i't~ ~(J~l' why 5:1:· i s th a'~ UH r'tl i s a. 8011(,"1;'&

,~ , ,p;' .l:'«Ja :;l on q~ t he t\lr' 'k':>t':.1! f\\ r~ij,:' s~~e\ltt4in of Q\V' £lirit;)t .l..a..ns .rl."1U ,.1 J1.'t)r' !¢ni;"

l)Qon :t~:(l ni ght d ... t;uM1.J.t~ cn of t he l ':I$$o;t' ~';;'3"cil.Mon 01' our fri,'u'V~$) th

J'~h·~.·plh2 1'h£j ~~t*"i'" of iJCi·.X"f!J"'f \{;)t; Q ,w,t!\in~d i n th F,i r,.U~$til}~1 .

Cer t ain}.y $ t.~ J.·;~l);L />t 7gf'/lJl,ld ", tf~:tl'Jr h"u:i 1:r;d-st :rtMt .ed ll the JO\~lt!. nut Btl" ' ""

~l"~ t !ibout , t ite P1."'iost !"i 41nd t' i'!l;,tt11o~~ k1U~d i ll ~wJ:n? ( At. t hi a pOin t j 'the

rnz,'lb~t' Qr tho l11:'u:m~~~d 1~,'3.S 1Jf,a:l.ly give.n . ) ~lt.;lt il~"'ll!t tho Chriut;J.an r:;'\lX'-tiG~(,;'

n i'tna:na7 tiiJI t hq ?4lhl bt s{.l1~. i n h1lZh .. c~m'i t vmH f"Nl?- StJ) l lC'!'t 1:3 iP'Xg:

Ktt!: '1~i'" m~s '" f'J!> Y"','BLTC o~,r·()!A.t"3 rr ;t7:'!iLY D'1f.OWiC'll' 1" f'r, /,'11f(' V;;" 02,1 'ISH

;i.fJ1Il.GO:iut;"" ! M '3~ '7. ,r.rr:o ('L 'm~ ~~:rmt,)' "1 4~il ~) 1'dE BiW1'hL

):r~:j.<\:L 011 J!~'~~ mf.F'(J!ttlt!.mA1r.tY 1'1~:C f'! (OT?:~n" H ~ ::l 1ID'!' D~ ~:':lI! ';.r lYfi;iE;D '1: ) :1J~*

eLm.iS 1'~ 1il'~1 V0,'i,~' !}"t r.x'~f~ CO!'if:l "i"f'~D .. V}fjNt;1' THf.!: C ,\Tl.~~L~ C<:f~i'l ~~UN..," P~usine

'Or' bl'~nth.J th~ ?r~l*t tU'fZfiJ,d pr qfll"fi _:"'or ~l victi.tltso,f por~1j-cutj,r.}n.!i)

! h:b lII~~ to 1)t) a. l' iI'C1U''Not p..";. ..... t .. ;hr1. (;~h; ~1l1tUUy Ugl!d, Htin'oG tn,

l.'!J'tt lfl .. h3"l;e-$(!f\e .. tl'l~~t~ ... f~lr .. uc- trJQ l>~ S'1~ Of thi~ t.h~'Il'.oa mti.d~.n,'r i t ~<lO~

3 .. 'n$ l1r.lOUJS t' II th(~ than ,t ....... The ViQiWi' f'ol l¢lt-md t.M.$ lino o! t hit)kwg-, ';1:..1 , ' PJ~ i.

t'l.:tnr 1.01' 00lift.}'Q:t~M !i!;r. f'f'U SSOT1':i.'10Nt .~ pnonsr Hr~ARr;) tdHlllJ C}ln~IAN~ st:l!~'~n '144

h2'l'1:'~ i3l'oo!(.l,m T::lb'-!)t • .J:)t)~t' .3 ;: 1938 • ...,"" ...... "',«~ ... - - . -. ~;x,; -.......... !Ofb.~dt., ~bvll)mblil' 3.9, 19,8.

LLo,ur ... 8:J~~lr Y!·!!;l~!.j n,OOt!!b~r U , 1938.

".';. H"~ .~

57

~$ +.;..~~ hr' :tne o~ar Onil t:lUch &tor"J *, Tho rg;>\. Eel t chI'; $~ne u~lng, nC!..;r ..

!~}~i ftll'Hl.tiC:i.llll d0'$~'t""'n de~m' ~ity tht.m ti t4J Ct.l·t;,hQl1c~ . .. rl:)"W tlut.t 0;tin~: ~" b:l.tt~ly CO;'· t,~m A:J:tll", IIM; ~/'::n t he. ,'rflr:.flB.t"fJr tl1'getl thS1.t 'bhe

~et~ 0£' Catl'lOl1.e Pi!.l "'ll$~l t:iQrl /!In/Jul e Ot!?' ;"'Pr~.;a4 'rI1 'In C (tttlOli~ and an inae.-,

pt;;ndOtl-:; p::'Oi3 ~ ¢'l~re<';'1!'l1.nt~ t.he d"':1:d ~ieht :~~.d :!.iw'tJ.~ of a J"'w1~h-eontrolled

p:.~esf.1 th,:: t. now Ilhri~k!1 OV Ol." the OU"t.ritg<:>& in lJe~:lY '" ttlt6

C~~~tainly C.~;t~"lOl;te$ h .. ~d Ol:U't~,l'Otl :ill Spain ili"':d HC".d<:o. rorb~.\e

was !:!o~(~ ;Jua t:l.£icJ.i..i::m::ol' t\eS . .l' bit"~.et'neGs 3.g:dn$'t t hl!l ~-c~lleu 0~~s;l,v."

CO'lfOt"'eP.{i ot t..~e ,~NliL~h tr.l'/;,t.llrt:.on :1J1 tJ~l"a<lny . nut put. into th~ ¢O~lte}:t or

t!1.01' rMpnrs ' f)Onc6pt Qf \mod.Goiin1.t.Wl. .md G<tt,toUe"it-,I:lnnd G£ t: .od.l' roll!) Un'

1rtJe·t:i oan (h~JI(.;rl~.os~ it 5UclJ}$, ut llJt!::l'u., t,h:.t the f'\tI1,1t1~d~$ ShO hl1 ;!J1 thi$

cn"pter ~ierQ onl y an.other 1Jj.,;u'li ft'jF,/tu ic'n ot ilrt .\l1!J:ri~~n C·;'tholiei(:;ll': \o.,nich had

l:l_ttl~ c<.m~t'n tv~" l)"'~ ' o did >\J't-. 1'i fJ :U1W ;I:i;::l nlll'~lf ~incheo dcfint:1on of

t~i\:H~:r t{)m~

h.$~, Iht!ton Pilot. f-liJll'cb11. 19)9. , . -" . .. , - . p ;; •

46Tpe 11Qnd~r!r, l1oVe;,;.ber 17. ~9:m •

. '!;-, .: "

CItAPTtit V

NAZ! :!J1'!.--l'l 13ULt'it.RF.. OF UjJ.!OCUACY

~O'ugb0ut t h1e rJ~t·,. whother th(> 'topic bcl s boon tiM at titude <jf

'tbEHU;,l r:eVSt)3per'9 W W3!:"d the OO,r optuID, ct'1sie .a:$ sucn or Q utud)' 0'£ thoU'

vie., o£ th9 r01at1<msh1p of the Church tow~d i'~~8c1stn 01" :ti~:i.amor their

t braut\'l!Emt 01' ant i-"'emt.tiam, th.$ roaction of tAlI') ne,,)sp~9 h~s i),"'Ql'l ~t

58

"

l oast p>lrt.l:y baaed on an o'rC1lr~hf}l.ming f ear of Co~Sill. tt has be :m Stlg ...

geated that t hb te~ "Wllfl largely ret>J:ons1bl~ fot' t l'-.c- l)ttei;lpts of th~S'G papa l'S

if not to jua:t:t£y th~Jn at least to undl'!t''Pl1~ IH.Uell' t s tt~or,b!lJ .

This 'Cbapt.er w111 e Xflll).\ne; that promb. in a'>tIU detail . ill). the pq"crs

Q.t"it1eizfld both sys t.4!llls,. W1id !U.l oi' ttl_ statod fJlnt. 1n t he loot analysis"

it '"",,Uld ha.ve been, d1.t t;l.cul,t fof" thtWl to pt'(rr.~r oue t(Y$'tel:.'l QV'<fJr t!l(l; () t ht'l ' .

Ibt-iever', t akan, as a whol~.Qg ~m lIitb t he exceptlo1,\ Of t he ~d(j%'er .....

tnt'> itnl:<t'osmaD t\ ~~i\ideI' oou1d bave I" I,"i V$d f rom the atatndo oj' these popers

waa t hat., 'ilithC>l.lt que~tion, it W~$ RU$ld n, oot. th~ Na~b, Co~n!$fli. tl)t

Nat io·n4l Soe1.ui8tYl; ~oh ~'U$ ouren~.1. To convoy thi$ 1mpr«!soion it wa

tl~Qt'I.riat'Y not only to ~et t tl!! eYil of ec,mn),lfIiOtl. but to protr~ N~sm Q .

(i, ~stem not nece.~~1ty lnoom'p!:lttbl ,e Wit.."l m. thl!i'J" Nn"W'icr.utitr.h or Oa~,holia1lllD.

GenerallY n()n~ oi tho P~"~$ could br-in~~ theta'selVi')$ to arq an_Mol'll! good

Qbout COl!tllt.~1 . .. , Ea.ch 01' the ;rapers; for e)t~ple, ran artiolaa about CoJIloo.

Wfli1lt QlA'lIJptdano to con'1J'inoe tt\wS'i>llns the v $!)ou,ld attOp $.fil,Y1t'lglfTl'u!n lc God __ 111

~b.ap8 todqwe can dl:sm1ss such al"'tielGs as a.t"cbd c, {'/VEIn pat.i}eUe 1n tht1r

~!:I~ooIttl.m fab~!!l' S~t~mbl!ll" 17. 1.9)8.

.:;.; .. ,~~~ .~

S9

I.ltt!Jlq)ts tc UI;Ie euob :lr t14es a..~ atl1ap,n~. of eonveytnB to t.'1eil" l"'eooC'.t's ~

:r ttal~41ttQn of t oo depth o!'tbo d1~tort1o:n enlld ~I,lnism.. At 'tJlG t1m~t "

bOtfeve:r, judSift3 'by t.~tl m~l' of the;l!1e arti,MO>S, thq must MV€i b&en f ound

eU~ti"le.

Otoorsiri;iU~ ~rticle$ :t'@:i' ted that aUQt.i~ ~JlOher$ ~e btd .. ng urged

to i ntwmsiJ.y thror ,ant1 ... rtili/.Jious ~a¢h!Pg$, Or that a Comun1~~t~tbl.bbed

it}wt'l'l"" tiol:'al. school undflr t he dlrectionot ~ oOCicty cQ.lled the u5:;lvie't

·'.Ils:ld~ Godless AssoCiation" W1llS trtl1n1ng sttld~nts in pt'opag,,m& teChniq,U6SW

~b/1,t. 't he mi$ri011#Y' wwk of t~ Chri$t1~ Qilurcht"lu. 1Jo.th 't.h$ flll>le~ and . - - _ tl ·

1;be P!i:Qt pI'e_ted 8.ooseveltta at~t$ to establish a !e~uavlvem1i1, with

t llo ftu!J~10ln. S'ten cy 8Q mUd an 'lot :as sending t b_ a g'rceting on t :le ~vQ" ...

m:'Jl 01' thc:ir li'lWOlut.1tm. l1e dtdnot . ,.a1d, t h • . l.;~ opol.llt I rS ~ /'r e..,l

leric tJns. 11,2

n. l1.1o, .f",1thf\~Uy l'~~ted tl~ re-lantlel(J$ t'rop~o$o1Qn of the cl~,GY'

and rI'il1t{ioll$ In Rlls$i.a,. M;.m. exunl:ple of' thfJ gaG1bsl evU of tba tJYst4m".

:lC P$,lpl , pUbUSQod ~n _ti01.e r~t't1ng tha:t t ho t\Us.rd.¥l8 had ;r~;ruood to,

a~~rlt the Mendel1a."l l aw e:1:' F:en~Uc#", l'1lfJl IiUot c»ooludod t ha't llpos'$ibl y ( .

tbosflt studenb oould rJ$l$cnt tbo' l!<Jt'.d~li$l\ law l~ it Father' Qrcg<», Mendel

balll not been 'the.1%." ;author, 1J3 TtUlt· t he social ~tem (~l.ud ue1r.r wl"ka,n4,

X'Q£r-11t c:d on11 in th.d~hum.miz,ati¢n. of its· lll_A:lert 'til:ilS indd.c~t..od l;f' t~ r o-,

port of t he fom~ pl~e$icont of &~1co. 4nl, f,lllblbh.ed by th" PUot, ths:t

bEln in ~'IStd. bad lOst t.'lo1v SttX\lal identity, uana proetitut1on u , • tlleans

of 6tlppl1ment 1r.g auo...Uv1n0~e!J e~l"ned by pourl~ etlflr.nt.h

'-'be: RfJSister, \4th ~ol1eiderll.bly ~t'e 1ntriebt . S:lW that Qussu. ,~ god-

2~ $r~O!%$ .~a~10t .. ttovMlber 19, 19)8 "

31'he B0aton Pilot" Ju!:w 24, 1939. ~ - " ,- - ~ ........

4 Ib!d ~ J~ii)uQX"Y 1« 19)9.,

" !;" ~ ,:(1.," :

60

l~~oneG's \laS dPriaSs-ed more in their lQCk or r6~~t .for lndf.'Tidtli1l dig,nity

t.~an In th~1l' umdll1ngne$s toso,y ['thank god. ~$' 'tbitl 'WlW mt the bll11'1lt$\

eoDdem~tton 0·1' the oth0r p~o:rs~ Rather than b:o~ $fi'I()tionaL nnd a~l:tmtic

11:. waa ~ l',~.M¢ned and 8!l1Ver~ Ol"lt!C,iSl'Jl wMeb, t'lGll'tW thtless, l.til>ft Qp Gltl t,he

poa$ib111~ of future OOllllllUill.c.ation bet 'W, the t~ o;r~l 'tm<lS 01' Am~:i.C.:JlisJnand

ComnlUli,ra. If ~11lIUUn1f,® yorIO to beQom~, Q $yotem whl~b: di d re(lQ~i;ze tbB dig...

nity of :the ind1"1rt.f.klal, ituot;l.d then eonootveb~ 'b;s. p¢~$ibl. ter' U~ enmity

~1.Wt'lll the tn.) phllos-ophie$, to- 1~a8en ~~et'hl1r or not tho Russ.hns drop-ped

tboU' Y~UI1tt')d a,tbe1Mil·. 0tuI· f l;}!Jb tdth th~ other- papeli's thllt too sitUation

,m; t he oppotdte. Ttl"lt i~l if t.\oojJe RUfi1.'i;:anS :l!'t.'inst.at tld t :te pewe of th~ clwsy

t hey Ululd be ~r>'t;.abl Gl whet her <nO not th~ ~till tr'zated bUtliWlS ~ ditlrota ..

Q,f' cour~etho 'P3P~f"S also er1t1cit;ed the g()Ql..e$!}n~$!'l in: l~iilzi$llt1 un ..

fort\iD;)telTon exaotly the samo !lup,~rfiG'd.al level. tha:t they (Wi t\,oued it

1n ·\t,ls'ua • . Mo G't of the p::q>o.:ra ~10~lly r~rttd that jwen.ile cr1tl1e in

~~l1lany tladit!<:t'M$ed. "fotu.~ fold inthe four Y f!$.t' psriod ot l:iG,$\, edu0.:;ti on. 1f

t lut :i. s. dtWing t he f,)0rlod Whf:\l1 t hn CM.hQ,lioa no longer d1r()et~cl the ~ue~

tiOl'litS$':lta. A$ ti'ie ;f'11ot pointed out. thb risE)' t.tt$ t.b~ t Qotllt of the re

je<~tionot the concept of s1n o:nd: penitQ.'1.eG ~d t-..'joll:'}L~ejt)et:l()n of tb:c author

i ty of t he e'lggy in ftQ'!::t~s, ot eduoatl.on.6

.\gain tl~e n..isti!!lr ~k t!l; toof'e :r en~sO'ned st.md1 e::m.¢et'~ oot luth

the ¥'ejection oJ: the authodty of ttle ehl'lW hut . r a,t,her wit h t be re~h~ctl()!l

of kt'lQ>11ifM'l.ge 1t$~l.1. Wh€l ar't:tcle DOted the deeline in t ho P'IlmbEll" or uni'Vel" ...

s1.ty $ttldents, t.~e 8lI'eat ostloeses be1n& in e~lgirwSl'1ngal'ld tba natural ad.-

ences" ACCOrding to t ho RZSistol:'" t he 'ta~ohin,g or tb(JJ()r~ticuil ooiene$, ~Q1 ..

ology 4ind phllosopily was ni that" r\!t$iirlotcd or f'm-bi¢don. ItUow many lleils" 11

~ne, l)~or CQt~l-1c R~;5tlJ)r, s~pt&~'(\r 29, 19l5.

6~h! f1?,!toJ); i'Upt" July 8" 19'J9 .

6),

tho P3Ptil" asked, ItdoOtlt. it take to balancE) such 10':"lSCS?fl1

Botb, ~Yl1Jit,em.'3'l t?~n. ~il w.eali.'n(-!!SsllIfJ, ot' APt'1c:t.fi<nllly ,. uoth h/jd t he Brun~ .. 'W .akfl$S~ .. r;odl~il$r.M!l . The di.fr~r<mce \lA$ t hst ~:tsm w;:n~ pm<t of' tho plat-

for·mol' Ool'llm'tttl'l.sra Q'n,l,. (JU{):f O$t'ldly) onl y o.tI aber ratiQn ot:' 0Vr>..n ~ p,a$'G:in(~ phas'EJ

oJ: M:.il.~i$l'll .

Still it) theory, as stated .at t he t;ecinrd.ng of th(ll 01:l<!pwr., ~l the

ptlperS ol!{t<acd th.1t th~ two philoscr-hie.<1f 'ICZ'O oqu!ll.ly ('l\rU . f ho Tab~c~ s.,ilid

"'both c:t"e ~t1 ... 0hr'1,,'!t1u!i'lj uttQdy r lltl1lMI1 znd cynical J!lt'ld dWot.~)d to tho

8 'bd1et tl1$lt arJY U' ';;'O~1 is jnst;1t"rlea by t he end. " . t the: CoTlnun;;'s ta

Q.Cc(jflltili slu~d 'by' ~~$ andeO'r:fi!'loat1on~ tho &",1011 aCQCtllfl ished by oore subtle

a:i1!ii . '1'be too t:~!'e el.om).ly rehtod" The aUGeiM gov!ilr~t oled its b1.rth

to t he a~mar: general ~ft ~.fll..:i.oh t f' .3.MpQrtl"A Eohhi't"!lik agent9 tc ltusaia.

O!':~~'$ b~~t cn&toml1):t' .f'ot· tiitenniC:1U o lu1~nt wa$ ftU~Hli(iJ Rtl$si4*s host

C\u:!totl'lftJ" t or 1'~W- tt)' \\'tet'i.us wa (l

o:;!./)W' 14U:l1'nl.OO~t ::!d$ntll1bbl . ...

,,-'1\'41l1Y. .\e cording to thr '1'ltbl'flt blldr ide--'.-

fhe r1110,~ .agr~d tha-t tt~ w~a little di:tt~!"anc0 be'tt.-ecrt the t 'WO

tJ.Yt1t~ts .. Ifaet~~t'ln th~ t.aoiioG l),f Co~8tll ;,md tl:fU+rind of' t~.na /JIne p~.,.

:St~eution of til., Church i n AUgt:cl.il. t ho-c hoi ee is nat't'o'Oj inOeOO. Peasibl '"

thm N/izi eo® 1n ~ littlo tosa en'Vll\~cl, <md a l 1ttl n mM opt.QrtA.nU.st. "

"till, the 6di'toriAl oo'1Clu&!Jd, a vc: ,1:luro.bl~ C~Ci no~u be !I'I1.1do b tho$$

'li/ho nt'iituil!O th0/t t he dav~loped N~l!lil and t M ooepl ;)w Cow unist ar"e tbe $~

ttlO ,soenc.0,

'Tbn ~61$t;$t; eo.bC'lU'~ elll U ng both isms @e<lu.:illy odol'1.£erOu$,. uU f be

7~t)i!t .~t!!t.Catholio ~£i1i~f. AUguGt 21. 19». - ' . . . c ' _ . _ _ ••

81'h$, Bl.'\:)-(lldt"D ~ble"! >t:;ep~l" ) . 1938. 9tbl~u June 11. 1..939,.

l~ ~no$1p~ F~;1, Ol': toMt' 22, 1.938. lllh~ ~£ . C"~lie a"gi ,$t&r:. K;)rcli 2. 1939.

. .'" ... ,<'i~"

62

vkl,nd~~,. too" tQt1."'lO therti funclrunent.::tlly t oe s~me;

Tll$r~ ~e; of' OO\l1"5i)" :1~port~1lt di.f:f.4.lX'MC(lS. !Yilt ~t1hei:) tl~)· al' e 9l'U~ l:y~ed th0)"Qre SePt! to ~. l ess e S5l61!:l,t;l al to the &\V'stem thlin the sir.lilOl"i,.. t106. COml!lUJli&.~ nit.ls '\t (j!'stroying l"f:'ligion, privat0 'P 'opm:-ty, froMoom of U"<lding, the old ·s.ooi aJ. grt.tQ9S .:Ina. t he f o.t:i1l.y . Fa,sciSf:l tlccomda tes 1belr t o rel1~ion 1<Jllen erA"P€tdiBnt, ad'n1ts c(tr t :\1n property rlght,.~ al .. tOO. tt p l"Ool9!i'lrul itself anti", o l$pit~li$tJ Q.t'ld h !il:$ Mt, 1;':11:, Ilboli$l.ed t he old ooo:t~l Iil~·\lc:ttrre •. heing a~t!sfi$d with the er l1' .. tien oj,' a n~1f priv:.\. .. 1&gea ' p4i¥rty' el.a.$s aJ.rmgsMe tbe old QfH"$ . Co..-mimn 1.9 paoifint, P'aseiam m1l.it# is·t " and bo th prc-p::.re eQ,ually f'Or 'III.;;r .

But bo~er etrildng thoae d1!hrenees PArtY t4'lPO!U' at first I!d.ght, t hey to~q rapidly to di!Jtlpposr as i" a.~Jlism #'(N;Wce!JJ and Co'!I!!!Utl1~m TOtro ,Jt~.

Tne papers, t~, . Md in theory 'bOat Cotilmlln1sm .Il1ld Na~!sm 'Io'l'}re

ft1uall~· evil . The <Wel:'all t rcament, howeYt-w , WA$ qtl:1t~ different. ~btl~,

pm'fJb ,t,ont l .1, t he T~hl f,'t !t • witil $, c:1l'euhtiotl. t.Ui'o\)nd 65). 0,00, thE! PUo\- \~hieh -- . -

:r:'t~.ached oomo ) 0, 000 p«Ipl(; p Ol' week , t..ne, V:iGi 't!>.x: 1' -'ao by apprt»){ir!)ately !;)OO; OOO,

depioted Co~illl)tJism QS an eVil :!() grMt. thGt ~\~en Na?lis)); ~()G .1u ~tified it i t

ltoed QS an enom;,y o f tb.1A t ayst.em"

Sat'l y i n 19)9 the Sund h~lrl a r ally at Madison Squw.e Garden. hhUe

,eond(}mning its ~mt1-Semitle platfor m, t he 'r~b10t label~d ;'e ~tlally olbri1'er ..

Cttlt'l" ( :.I.PP4l'enU.y a popu.l4lJt t(W,m <1t the Ulna) the ri.o t s tlut side t tl .. GAr den.

'!h$l;lt') ni akr;tnrs" Vlhom tl~ flre,~ O<llled ~.n't1-Pnsei!Jt" wr~, ~eGrdit".g to t he

rabht. g'ivcn easy tr0il~etltby t he pol.iCe for t!'.is l" OnJ.!on. In £$c t , they

were Col'M1l\lnist e .;md II t ar moro tntolGront, r .... r more d1ftieul t to bandl.0"

~r.~gerou~f' tl'l:.<o the .E'.a$c1.$t~h 13

For its p:!U'~, tb~ Y~lo It str~a~ed t he l (ack ot honor a1r.ol~S tilo Rue$1,;)tls

t.ho could not b$ ~:')\lnt~d on to p£rtJpec t tblJldr cov~n<mts" The l"'Ucrt warned

thfl' Bri tis.h, w.~o ~at'e at.. t his t~e de!\p~a.tf!ily seeldog ;J.liee, . G.gii:iTlt:l't any

pact ~ th ~.1.4 'rbe ~un'.a't~c$ tJer s eVil and co\lld net bf) dealt wlt."l liIhile

12The Wande.ll', r , J ul y 21, 19 :17 .

13~ lb;-ooldzn Tllbll')t, f'(!bru(u·y 2$; 19.39 .

lu.l'i'.s SoSW13 Pila t , June 3" 3ul)'!' 29, 1'1.39 ..

.!;.; . ,?'i.~ ."

63

t he Nllda !lperh~r. bQC'~usyt th~ d+.Ii!'~~ %".ot, f! ·wr·i! not rtUning p~~ple up ~ga1t'l$ t

the w~l.l in t :ypi0 .U S';ovi..,t fapttiQn D (j;\I'en if tn~, ~1i' ''' utdng tu0 ol.d Cot~n:tst "

"i.c tic at tryUlg tc el"e.at,1! a eh~.l$m b(Jtween t h:s prieots Imd the ~'-6ople by say ..

in£'! that !)rie~t!i w r e l'll:'lt truly (!t)ne~.rned with tlJC aoci:<il. ot' eeonol'Uic n,sflds

of ~~~tr £lQc~.l$

The Visi,tor,wlle no G'JIIN1·~1" of Nazi,m, u$9l!'tb&le:ss '4farned its

r~i~ lle:rs t~ bMil I'lr'e of thoM '<:1M dl1lhOllnQil)d rJadm., . fh~S6 pt'lople might lIJell

ita Iftmdet"W'V~J' rA.~filnttJo:f ilu$(d,,1.m Cot\'ll(lUn1t.mt. It R41tli.er tban U stfming to sncb

l'H!Opl Q, thEt V1s1t¢r 'arMd~s ~.:e:r$ <>,d:Vbed to "tUfe O(nlt s ~eIilfJOl'1e and tmerioan

w"'ar-ons t() b.attl.e Communit"lm~ b1'i1!U~J .l"aacism and kel'lp A.~d¢l& God' o GOlmt'rv. u

A ~tt'uggle .by &hsl.\d" but, ,iilho~'1ng SOli'lOMhat l'J)Qf'e c0rt.aln'ty than Abr aham l.b· ...

eoln did tifhen ccnll'.on~d with the qU~$ti"n of Which side God ~upF;Or!tJE)d, the

Viti!C£' calmly pred1.Qte-d f!b~eaugl!7 God h on our ,eiM, t.he bat tca: Will be

won. "l£) i-hlle t his $t1."'uggle \!Ould be ~lJirlst t"a$ciSYll: and \'Io&ba ali! ·"1cl.l ~s

Comur-..isro, t he Vi~tor Qdmltted that the situllltion could have been ~rGO if

Germany, JapM .. tid Italy bed g/,')'M Co!tl!'b'llnil.lt t'" t'M r than F~ne:i.tlt-Nlltl. thad

1$'3 th~.sA $y$ums 'IiIer., theY1oN!'ire a bulw:.a-k QgQin:!:ft Oot3rJlUm.SiIl.. fI I!Vm'$'WcliM:' e .•

N-aZi .. ,FliIsd.m1i Qril'ftl~ after , and. tHl!eaUS~1 of~ a threat of Communism .. Everywhere

Col~:UU$l!l h t he pl"U1llry enemy, 'N:~\Z,1 .. fa·se1,lD ~ seconrlt!il'y one. IllY

In, acoord witit ttd(3thel¥!tI, tllat N~rlam was C3U$OQ by Oomun1$lll, the

l'ahltt~ WtiN1ed thllt if war ~~e to come, :i,t would be the CQmmu.nbts 'Iiilo e l)llaed

it.. Who tfnfited u::w? the f.".'tllH'lr 1.1sk.d.Orily haguf) ( hQiilf>! af t Ile Orand Crhnt),

Moscow, and· B,ltcelol'la. lJel"Jt~ was blurting" S1lfY W~lS not :r6~ly IJtrong

Illil itari1.y. It that e~unttoy oooqroe invol~ed in w4\r 1t ~ld b~ pr~o1p~ted.

the ,'l'~el pt'GPMohlld, by ./j, t. alliance of brown bolM0'V'i,s-ti.c ~1"lMlnyund :r'l!d

15,lb1du Febru:ax'y 11, 19)9 .

160\11" $und£l'Mitf;ir. SBptOrt.\)Cl1" 4, 19 )8" 17Jll1tj., October 2, 1938.

1

.. '~., .. : 'i"~ .:

' .... 64

SoVi~t Russin . • • .1116

A.t ~;th It()st of tJ~ o'thtill" P$p(i!t"~. t hfa T{lhl!t argued. 'that ~'a eC1e1fil 1<1.1 " ... 04 . ,

" born of C::!TrlI'!Ut'li.. C>alfletor} ,J .• , fittyes hrHl .:lpptwentJ,y sbt~d t hat C~l:te I.d ....

ltIDC:c concf1rnin8 7aee :S.S''I) oonv~tJd the inlpl"MflJion, which h~ aGEtJt!!Gd ~il"\ f lllse ,

that t hE! C!:ithoUQIlt f $.Vorttd it o'\fer ~mun1~ to ltlieh tb0Jl g1;l\I'~ SQ~ueh ori-

Ueiem. '!'lle 'I'.;l".!.e-!r'eplied that Ha:Y'(I)s WI1~ quite r 1ght in t.he i r!ljJr esaion he

~d reeaiv-$d " Catholics uta fi.n:d Fascism ltt~!'l !.d.niat~ th."!tl Oo~tnllnb1'll ~

& YCla ' $'t;iite~tm t t hat thi'! appcsl. te WS IJ t ll"'ua W!39 nlltbli'l? pr~5tet:"OllS. If T(lt

tnmr;:O Ol~eh a. ,;;t~t_tIht ~$i$ muttt l.'lQva f:HlI t)n (lquatj,l;'tg to. t.!;u:it~1i1X'JiS1il 'I>tl.. t h :!i' ....

C:iem . 'l'lv'lre W3 S . bOW'ler, only OM totlllihri~ gO'l(!lrTlli't6l'lt 1.'l the world-.

8u ,!H~ilil ., 1-lith l'fui.ld.co £ol.lo1dng clo~oly b~hind.1.9 fat" tt+Ol'!! bdr.g t he prlmtq

thl" N~t to Am!U'i04J N~1II1m 1iI1.l$ only a Ild~.fense m~e..l:\ru:t:12m ~ea.1IJlst CommUniSl'lf. n

Abr.ont as an asiQe" the To;'ol et $t :~ted t hat, as l!Iil:py J~~a nad i<.orbd for t he

SllO'CftH>$ of Co"'JI~t:U:'d.Sf;l in Oarl.ltlilll1, t he:; were tb~6~Ve3 repo!isibl (!l for til t) type

of ~<>'Vel"OOIent whieh dfveloped. a.n ~lll ti",&>.mlt1$lll;1$ atl QU.t~·owth o.f ita: basi c

t ' rI_ . ..... 2.0 ~-\NlUmul~·SJU.

'i'h!WQn,Qer~~ agJ'ee<! tbnt ~1Sfj\ ~uld henefit in a 'lVat' b$'t\$etl tn.

:ld~Cl'ac1I.'HJtI and FasC'1$1'n" l't d;1d Sf}~, Jff.tzi§ ~t..ni%l8 ill purpose by ohl1!cnng

t.~e"Pread Qf C:~_un1~ alth:'Hlllfn't Ilpol 1t:tortlly, culturally land sp.1x'.:it ually

Na~iMl undoubtedly ecneti bItes a tn6MnQol> to Ute democraci fl s It. !i9:as S:UPl O!3$d:

to pr otect ~j9 MtU ;at;' to t he Ool!fllUni~ it 'AlUI supr,o, ed to combat .. 'fhe· ~JjU;lw

de~"t, ho1>MVe:t", was cot jastHy1.ng N~ld $l'!.t t'l:a· snlch.. Its SlI'niC$ to deml3cr aoy

Ot.tltle etrictly t r om its gl!!or'.r·~!"hlo.ll1 lGeatiol1"

Xhe ~ndei"6r bel1l'Vea. t he CQ~i9t$ wollld profit trom a t'l,lt' bec ause

ttu,\y l'<Ould f igM. "d.t h t M 1i'l~t!)ueh and C$ocns, their al lia'S< tn \!;batel'!I r':urope.

1.8fhe~kll! Tabl!'t. J nnuQl"Y 21# 1939 . J.9:.tt>,a.d,v 11eeebl!i!x' 17, 19.38.

ZOIbid • . , JUtle 10. 19.39.

.. ! .... : , ;.<;.~ ,

65

~::.t 31 H.es,tbey wttld h~ w'I!lo)med a:rt;~,r t be 'vtll' into t ha countties ot SQ.

t'(.'Jpe ¢lOIl~fi t tc thl."ll'A wMeflw~r~. b~t'~~~~ t.iI1!a' -Wt1.t' ) \contt'Olled b~r G~t'm;m;y . Uf~

" th'i' ,good WiU ~.u'ned \::1)" trud.~ OPfOs:tt.i.on to t,he Oorma...,~, the it1J'n~.~ns would

thrlr p-,$ition 4lnil, p~rhapa" l!W()n t:.>.ke OV~J:' ot,b""r ap:~m~ia$ .

QtI:111t1ng tbt(li;. th1.n rrd.ght happen, '1'he t;lanclcrel.' Wl'lS wUl1ng to l~ve

fa t-.ler' alotltJ ~19 +.,:.l-J.& l~p;t'H' <:I f two evil }] 1:11 t h.otlr;h 1. tetiiphat'l1~ed thiit ev~n if

the Nav.!' i:1 did s"rve t.hf.i pt,rf~Otlf!1\f Qf t.ne de'rocr!i!oit;$l ~ it. ~n.o, not ecmp.eti blel

\\l1.t~ t bmn. n 1'he Wnln~l"~r W~~ t3lld 'l'icient1.y botll.c t"~d by t h:ifll eOIltIWOl'ltise to . l?!! . _ ;J , ".~ . •

p'ropo.s~) otl'l"r ~&U:()ds of ootl)battineCOll'!\"lUniSlll: .!),"> t hi.lt tb~ demoC!"aci~& ~ould

nat; h ~v() t o be d~,;mndQ!tt on N:.'I9:ism. The tL1ficr i1U!ctgested 'that cmmtruO+..1ve

c1a1 te~bing accol"d1~g 1',0 S\le€e~~ti$ m.ad$ 1.n t ht',) p il'pal ~ncYeliculs 'tll)uld

be t hl! ,~nt e£fecti~ ""'fAY of ending t he atu"f1cticn of Cor::~'1l\U11l'im t or-the

'teo conC4tltr3~ too 'IlI'I!lCh" lid The , ~'\~~i'. on (No~.di~g ~l. naa:-...

.t'<f't-I· tj !)Mt a ' Vi nton tlQ t hat mOl"(1 narl'll thun. £!;Qod t9lfJlt$. Co~n1l!1f1l$ a.."l ~rtl,

~Wf aLso a :ro~otion tofrllileh To 'ooneentr at.e on the l a.ttr<r \IOUl<i Pti\' more

j»5i.tiV'e and l"Ol"e et"1'~tive. 2

u:tflOut!b :1 t llS S 14111n~ to !lllotJ llueiota -to :SUrVive ·IAS ~ ~1!'I~ g of eon..

t ildlling n,leeia. 'r'h~ Wanderelt' made M attompt t4) wh1tevOlsb t ho o'!1'il ·of: tM •. ,- 'II! ; .'" . • L1

s.Yljl'tA'W. !fA l.i vtng ClltlJ.Q·Uei~ ·eS(I'H'l.fyt i:' frmain s.tlent in t ne. !'f,tCI' of tl~ ~' ror

o.c the oult of ti~ Stillto .and t he dd.fi:c:.rtion of th1gbt . It c;.mnot t":elnaitl 8'1 ..

lont 1.n face o f' the naa:th:en CQlt of po';>jer, ~biti/jn. violence ::1'or.; hatrod, ot

whioh a. oorr1fled ~rl(i bas ju,st ll1tn.~,~ed an ~1i:!:ple in thQ ot'U6 ~OO (11-

~acet'Ul PSl'Sflcution of t. !.Q J~~a. '1 ~.3 Nor cO'.J.l d th~ PllPtlr j U9tify l'i:l:tJ.¢t': N1J1thr.rr Gor

't!J(J.'WJ 001" tD l"Cl:1t oJ: t Wl-ope '1ll1 e.lidly forGet t h$'t behind the

s..'11irking mli.isk 0.1' t.h!lla~r~a.n dlotator lm' lr;Q 1l. mind ecr:rClded by a datrooniao

·x-ide 1;!hie!) "ll11 ~to? .:I>t , no~ih~ 1'..0 gun 1 t $ unholY' ef'.4s. fie tlox:" stood,

~lThe WimderQl~_ S~pt£t!llbet- l5, 1.938. 22lbic l , Septs~b.Qr 1, 193.8 . ! - - , . .

.3Ib1d •• J :mwary12" 1939"

, . .';. ,?\~ ~

66

tl~nt'\ Wlll" darap1tdng i:>1w t~ f;ud.1'lg ,rJ!l'SSi\)S ' hich eV't>t'y~lere Qslit oul y to be l~tt

1n p0li-eo, aullenly i t>!li.'ftLI:n.tVtho.t u ~or1d lllUnt go to w!:U" nruef:H) it Vow to ...

hiIl L\.1c ,it.·~ian p:ri~,*n2h Or ngJiHt nThe p!}aca- oJ: I1."tu'opt) t.x'embles in t he

pall\'4 of' ,~, upntart whose lll(.-galou~l!ll~ bsa b~'ougbt Oa1"m<.nv t~) the br in1tl ot

ar;n1bil :7. l;.ion" 1125

I t is o~!' t~1n.1.y ,~ t~mptllt'i.on lilt t h:l s t.ir..e~ when thi'l et:lpotwis is on

l l!S!iIOuiq! of t nr.;: t~nsi¢nz bet.'IG~n t he Un:l,t0d St,lt~a snd Burcp.a~ ~;i;;.nn t.imo

hag brow.ht .:about an t)volu t ion 1.n be t h sy~'<f.olns socming to ",ase the distance

bot rl(j!en them" Whetl !iJa7Ji$l; (l11 t,~ oth~~t" b;:md". is, noValt;'Cll~t universally viewed

'With DI)I"t'O:t' " to ju~gG thf.l.se £)~or s t ,O() s0vel'nly ..

TM,- did no't ~Mwn, as \\1\!), do, ho~ f' 1lIt' th~ t~:u!li$ \fflr~ p:r~a:fl!id -to go

.n their t."..l' uat fQr' SlJpr~tJ,Oy.. Ceri'..ainl y c.:oll':~niB1l'I d\tdt18 t he thit'ti~.,

l:"itp1"~ihlnted a pi ctur er of almost utn"i,l1eVG)~1 brutality. Still oth~.;r~ <.It the

ann'!!! titse $lett CDIllYlUn1sm as a godleso ~te.."l but as ODe nineel"ely trying, what-

tNer i t fJ nwtthods, te. giYe .\l b.tt0l:' world to th~ tlass~. Wile a t, th~ ao.ma ti.ll1e

l'f,cognizl ng NQie1sm as iM0X"f.lntly atodds' witb t he Judq...(1hr'1&t lun ht;;.ritage. 26

'~f d1d these plilPer' e1 (:<:mCMtra t e, as 'l'hp }h.nd~t'9L put it, on t{l~ 0VU

ra'h~l"th:m a:t,ti'@J:ltp t:illgtrJ s11",vh t.e tne- e~iueea of that ,(-:!:v:t1? MlS t hie, p~.

haPtil, u.not.'ltar irldicwtion o j," t,!ltl t t.;~nrl"nC"b d1sOil'S~ed by Ouat ,llv.:,j v.eigel, of

hn~ic~m Cr.ttb)liea toconetlnu'~ to oft t.ilt) e,atego%'y r at lHl'l" t hm ~ttL~ptin(! to

\iMeor~.t;'lnd t he r a,u'ity? Nazi :\..'n, 41# the· ~d~et' $.i:d d, did not oatemrl.oly ........... ," .

,,~fl t. to ehtmg~. the "' st~bl1fJhll!d or~r . Oom;nUllism v.:lute d t.o t oax' it !apa" t

anc :rt:4" t ~ain . Given tho All".t.n·:l.c~ Oath) lie ' S ld.llin{:.'n j'"\9iJ to oatago'd~4

r ather than ;;'SU1.l}On, peI'~s i't i8 'oo t swptisina that tbe~ p"PI!1r'S !f;;Und

24Ib1,P •. , Sop1.~mbGr 29;. 19l~, .. 2'lbi.d .. , SfJptemoor8, 1938. "j ,'"

d)ForilnQ~ph see J . F. 1\. l'r .t!I,~nntiv~ aGVQlut1on(M:il 'r1aukee~ The i3t'Uce' Publia~ Comp~, 1937). ",1nc~ d1aCUOMa the P06S'J{l.)lli:t~V of Catb)l1l" oism adopt ('lOlirl1u.ni~-ro ' -n eQ~ls of r'ef orm, Gi' Cooff:unim ... ~pt1ns Ca~I>lQlie1s~' !'I

allS.

.' !;"-~ ',?'i~ ~

67

OO@p~tibl.,e, t hat. form of' gcvllrrlln~nt ll?lieh ll';}u1d l"eoo(,'7li~~ tht, e-st :,bU.shad

ol'dar fol" they h~ 'b~~tt ttiiugbt to,(~~ tl'tiB. l"{< t.lV'l" thatl roooll~Gln. as 1;..1).$ •

stand of tbe' r1gkteoua. It is, perbaps, not surp:r1aingeitnt:'x th:tt t t~l:Se:

p:l'pet"G favor f!d lh?;i~ ov~r CoJ;ll'IlUu.l.ai!l for not, only U,l~ ~IUni'Slll a thrOf2tt to

thlt! o!'Jtahlhh(!d order" bu t :i.t "i;l 'odbs~ and, ina CJiteg¢tiO<tl mind, thnt

lOOan t th;~t $. t W"W ~:tl t hou·t qU$otimn Ii gl'oa~!7 evil th4l1 a $y~tem 1IDl.ch pur ...

po:t'ted to bdi$'vi,ll i n Ood . Pe!'hapa it. 1$ net SUrpl'lsir.fh but in torms Q~'

t.h~ Al'It0ric.:rn Cathol,i.(jl e oon'tt'1buti'H3 to eh~ s;Jc1.al., .1ntGl1ec-wlll ~d oul

tural £cl:ldo of tho Un:1t."ld ~;t.tlt$!'t~ it ir:l t'flgrf}ttwle."

.. ,:.<;~ , .. . '~'. "

68

"

CUAlfTllJl VI

.~' AlNt 'l'H8 000n GUYS .ilJin THf~ BAD GUTS

'l'he ch@ter on ~)dn comes l ntrt... Soll1~W 1t S6ell1$ ou,t otplaCl\! in

l~$llrtd.Qn to tbe r es t ,of~ too mat~1al but 1bi$ lB'om..y right., for tb~ eir.phaai·s·

.aoed on the $panlsb. Civil ~'at' by t.hl'S'I!I of tlle papera allltO $t1emffdout 0 ...

plaollt'l 2,n a ~rld t.b.:f~at4meGl ffii.b :IillOther global ·Wllt' . ! h., '~'t'Joo1"ri't1of} In t.hat

country' 8 civU \itll' ~lt GUCf:l a U1!lo is" V"r1l»:U!), a tinal tGst .. :nnent tQ t he llfy'"

Qpill afil:1cting tl~ fa;blf!f t., E!lo,oe, t.lte Vilfitor.. 'l'r1lilPP.w in a d4!Vot1011 to

oategor1e~, t.heCf'J p~ra bed 00 e!lOice but to give uns~al'Ving d(tlrc t iQfl tG

Francl~eo ~Q». Yll'ltP!l!r bis f'sult$t lladtheSl'if pr:.pers dtd r.ot.;)~1t f.lallY.

ho was a O~lic who trought, aIlIO~ Otil&l' tt.d.nga. ~ restore CatOOlicj.~ tc

tts ,Pn>pct' plac.llI, of: t:to!:~l"in Spdn. 'ltlQ._who $<li1d ldn n"Q ... 1fi~e1St va,s u:t:1Q.

aCc~ta'ble to t.h~ A~dcan con9Cbne~ would have w 'be br anded. un"" ~"'r1Clm.

ia$, of 'ooUt'tlf,il!, they wr. ti' one aeeeptod that. term: too ll'I$® a $1pport. of thCtt

$tt~tuG quo, il r&tJpGct .f<»i" ~ut'Mr1t)" and fl!:l ~ll:g' ermt¥ tolrmrd ~nism.

~e '$J9;& no ~GUiVOCQ,tdoo 11'1 thetfEi pf4'Eiit·s ~'P'toac.h tQ t M Spon!.h C1~

itl-3r ,. v.itb ft'anco OD O!1e side, o~attn6 precitlely 'th.ODe v uluof.!! h~ld by the

'e.~l~tJ Pilot and V'4S'ltor , tho$~ vb!> O'ppol)6d h1mllUfttt be eVil . Co~rning - - --

tbin i$$11<;; ttleX'e cQ·nit! only be good guys and bad ~o,

These three p..aperlJ pounded thr~(\) conoistent t;hemab. 1.'b!ll LoY'Ql.bta wwe

C:;rllm'JUniot or c.,,·lWi\Ulist. $l~p!i:iol"ted_ 't'Ue Nlltj,orutliste 'Wll1.J"Q not l<~&h-ciattlJ. Mn,.-

'rtcaruJ CQ'n.t'\l~d 'f;b$-!)$ is-:n:t.e.e

da m~u;~td;n& bacli:itl2I ~le 1.03"41$\$ ..

.. use of nn C"nttlnei va ;,mel 'tI~al ~ propt~g8n-

. iven thelse three pre'illitJe'S, the natut"eo! t he sU"UfI'file in Sprd.n Wi.l,S

. .';. .. ' ,,;'i ~ ,

69

cl.tl~r . Aooo~dinti: t o, the P1lQ~, !It;he .$tru~'i:gle in Sf,lrdn 1s, ~d hlis b ll"&l'l ,fr011l

the beginmh'l8; 4 wal' bot~n Co!l:nmm.sm: l:lnd Ill1ti- Co!l1t.l1ln1sm. n1 \to t'110 T;.mlet . . . t __ ... ..

th0 J.'Ilcation, wa~ oot "Jh~th~r Fr#ane» \~as t~avol"®.lo ·tQW'U;,'4~ FJ'!{,tliand, F');'aJlCiG;,

!taly or Gel\'mUflY . 'i'hi'l' Qua:JtiOn'!ila~ who 14l.1t\ rot" God ~nd lit.\\') Wila '~6 u1ngt him.

Fl'oooo da1'ended If God , 5 lti~hta, tl(~ f'~.nds ~a$ Obu'ch e:nd OWGS$~ ant1 .... God1l

farc&s 'iill'ld "t/othing ~ltl0taattl)~S Q gr(.~:t d~f.Il. rt2

Tbe Pilot :udm:itted t hat t..~f') Republic was ~l!1O(l:r litiO' Wlwn it beg3n"

:tt wus, hI) 1', utldef'r.'!inoO tw Communbta who h4dbc"fi active in Spain as

flJf' baCk a8 1909 . Tbe,";$ faf!!l •. r.otho now ~lIJt'$ the label "Lo.yal!atfl wero tb

selves :t'e~s in 1934. 'i'htir suppoady denx:ler~e lov(Jn1ttent \;las not N -

pros~nt~tiv. and it 'Wal'3this e$sl'fntiale1em$'it of a democracy which b"raMO

$Ought to I 'cRain. only he could weld t.~e cQuntr'J touether t.hat ~.t t~uld

be both tltobl" .and uni~ eootlgb to hav. n truly repfeSWlt1tLve gQvernment .• )

It li'r·MOOt $ m0tnaos in attawcg contt-ol. o'fV-lQ eount.ry fflight t4t t;llil\$

be brutal, he \f;fA~, ns a Sp.mish bishop ~uoted in th~ ,P:llCtt sa1d. 'friehting

. IJ sav-e, X'CCOllGttruet, " not to do.li1't::'o1. '.fhls lJas; not t!'uo of tllf! Loyalists

'Who hsd, aocordif\lJ to tl~" de rlCl"1ption by t he Bishop, sot 'tlpa r~gim.o Q,f' t~r ..

rOt' * ~'r @q\lUU ty" not t~ln"O"" \«)uld r~ig,n wi til Fr Ql..'OO ., 4

14any ~ri~IlM di d not l'ealiee 'tibis bacanz.e of clavat' pub11oit:v 61ven

tne toy-allots" For UMIPlo tile)" hQd reeeiv~d pI'l.Iili~ f'O':' their Gftorte to

remove Ba6qU8 Cbil~(')n fl"Om • baU l \? ~a;a.. 'rus Ul~t r(W~ded wh~.t most

riCI.I!lB did not ¥rlow..th:lt t.i$ c hildren . uld lICit be :...llo'l<JOd to retw:'n un ..

til thoy wore £uUy tt'aitlei'iitl RU8 ~ialli prl1>pagonrl,a. In ttl!!! me4n ttnw, at

DrU38nl, for' eXWJPle. the PU ot rep(>l"ted t lK:t tftlleH poor cbildren, mAny ot j

2i'he .Q-oe\Clyn 1'ablot, April 1) 19",., _

J.riw Boston PilQ!- tbveillOOr' 5. 1.93a . 4!b1~u Sop~mbe-e .3, 1933 •

. ., -:'(~ .... . ".,<

10

th_ the chUdvetl of Oa:UlO.L1e p$'ttnts. w~re ()bl,1tt~ tQ go tJrougb 1;h:e. I:rta'eets

:with olencbed fbt$ 1r'sU$<lld, st~!)1lI the ' Int~%'n.:lit.iO-nd •• __ • • tr,$ 1'he:y WfJ't'(',t .l

also ba~, I:l!.~ starvttd $.n ii:niClr.and ·ar.4 o'\ra:r~t'ked in Fr .:J.nlj~ acr..oruing to. aub(Jf-

"iUtnt $'torl~6 .

NI 3'Mler' $Ubtl~ ""ttempt to g~. ayIl'.p ,~trw w,~ by theLo:,ra11~t.s t 'e!,J.ueat

.i.ot' ~ttributio1'le tc~~d foou for their peIOpl&.. T'ilc .r~:. p(>inted out that

lTarlco w~~ ot" :'i}-t"U11l roed to ally p ... rmit~d to ¢ .Ql';ll.'} to NstiNliilliat ~a1n. The

Pilot, Mli~l)d 110 fIlm ~trem.e eruett:y thZ),t , . I'Jl.an), iOOunnnds of 'wm~n ~d

oh1.l.(tr~n ~t;ro'!lld be illo'lrod to SUtfi'¥!!' ~nd dice of hu~er \1IhU~ tho [~ GOV(lrn-,

tlt.lJt:lt m't.h 'eytl1~ eal in$O:}.(!m,.ee Uel!l'liI:a dd from .abro;aQ" p~tlnul ,'3!"ly .~n thl)se

~or vi ctim$: WUld be ~eleo~d into Not lonaltlSt Spdn 'ltfl.thout. diG't:inet1on. n6

Th"''rt,J.bl.$~, appllrentl~ to oounto't'Q.ct the 'Pi".pat&anda 0'£ thO$C ~ho aud

othcn4S'e, W l'lt to f.n1OO effort to ~atllbl.i 'Bh. tbat t h&. Loyi!li 'jt ~r!V tI&fI ~m-

MmiGt. It tept'itlted, far uJl:maple" art1el.e by EQ.t"l ilow~"e frci)'i the 1~0I

to", Jo~~~ ... ~~le~n. In th10 at"t1cl.e a~~~fJ gu.v(!> th~ nm!le$ ()f Ru.spian

Q.rt1o~:rs a'OO the llUi\:lt}er Q1' RUs!dal'ltt'ooplt in 9p.ain illS> 'Well as th$ lb¢l;lt;'Qft

of tndr ba!!J~iHt. 7 tmotMt> t)rpi.cd al'MoM\t ~ld. ,)t 't4m d1nll:usio:I:'Dent 0:£ a

C.ath0llc youtb • toufid hims~'l:('. "1bll~: t1gt!'t;b~ tor ti,)& !..oyatists, i!i$htiDg

I'Ji tb tht!: ~nbt • •. B I,1k~ t he P'uQt. t hf;}1eb;l.l1' t' ~n many artie.le.s on the

f orced t>'it'4¢llat;1.o1'l or QM.lclren. t he aho1"tQg9 of tood and other indicat.ions

or the· td.f.Ilft.ll.1'lrltlol1Gnt aM ct"uel 'W of the Loy.al:1au.

If the Lo.jnu.isb, boeau8"J' 001lUllmiats ;ran t heir 8o'V~cnt an4 fltaff~d

~1r aJ:"~iI were Commnist,8't the N'at.ionalbtl1l, doroite eim!.lor ud' fi'Or.l tile

G"r~ilU8 and Itru.imut" 'WWe not L("aeebt-$. L>(ar (JD.\Il thing; l.Il·~neo did not llaft

,~o~nyro:rdgnel'$ bQlpinw hb~ so ol d t he: IbY'alis,t,e.. i30t.b.tho ?}9:itGr ~

$'1'\',-'!A I\l_ - ... .. ~.h_ '>1. 1('1 ""0 6-... A 't c ,,-"1 le~ ~' .... "'~.''<tUP'''''''llV_ ~~ • . 7 ,)'0 . >4U :J,.U., \lnnu;;;...., 4J; ' . 7 ... " .

7~~1" &'gQ,ld,l! 'f~bJ.~t, S~t'47l,'lber 17. 1~ )8 . 8Ib14 I' 0 0 wbal" 1; 1936 ..

'.';.:.: "\ ~ ."

71

the ae!l1$~ oonou."'t"ed in that b~li.ei" ;~nd i t w~s a. pcpul.~ t hQf1\(\! wi th the

otblfW P!aPf'..x's UZl .. tell./' .. the st1;'O~$t ar~nt lag,a,in~t bi'@Ii!,obeing FllOOi5t. dominated, hO't16V~ .

",$ that t l'>.e Spanis b rtatlll'$j Ho'U!d tlaV'EilI' haV(t aec.epUd thu' 1";o$c1$t rb11\:>aop~.,

T'1lC ~.i'ob1?.\" in on\!) ot 'tIltm.'1 (lditol~i.:l18 Q0lllil'llQ; 'tttb th~ (,u~$tion of ~i:' QOOOiQ

roli)tS.onOOip totbe ¥'a~i~ts, sft1d "t/1Cr0 itl not Ol'.l.y Ob It,aianor Oct'tttW

domin"ticn. but ful'tn~rmot'(! thtt "'pOOi:lX'd .... would 110t, 3 \1'br.lit 'b;) it should it

bo Uoied. "lQ Sp;ln1ardn. bel ieving as 't.h.$y did 1n ~n an.thor! tq b '.glurt' t b<1tl

the St:.t o. ~uld fl;j\rar ~ at t l"'uowd by FasoiSlit ., Of (»u1'$o, flo, 1S01ni-It'.iU tt.ry

dietott.ar6hli) 'flUl T!I' (;;VaU in the' i'JBW 3pQ;U fOl' rl1~ l eas t. a $hort tme, If but.

only until order h roCalt.oroo. ll

FJ;-;mcQ hwelf' was i.lOOV$ S'Ill'lplc l.on ,:')$ to o;rrJ 1r'aSCitit i deM . Accorcling

t.'.l a C-ardinal. fro,1Il 5p~lnJ quoted in t he 'l'.l!~la,~ Ft\anOQ woas 'too gOGd <'l O:;,.ti>.;oUc"

,bj.1} tlioor io8 ",model of! eonet:ruetillo C~tho,Uo pol~t1cal t!'l1l".Jd.ng. Mq Paa.-

(dnt !'OGt'Jl''e3 W hia gOlter ,nm6ut..", m'len QS> th() one-p.Ql"t'Y ${In

aetlon$ to the lil,arJdst.-ea!1sed ObllOG ,0£ f .. l'ptd.n. 12

... wr$ re ..

Frunco kn«t~ he. n M dn t t f fii fiI" Ito.l1an dcm:1nat.Wn ufleaulle Itl\ll.y WilS con ...

C'ii!1"ocd wt t..~ Sva1n only flO long '!$ a dangllt' r~aine:d th~t t he country tlIiuht

h!Jccm& Oo~niat.. Ft',Qr.oo . s 'lr1ctot'y 'mluld (11 ;$Pd l lQto th.'lt pos~ibi1i. ty" A@

fQ!' Cbl"tI'n'll'lY. t!lOlt COUllt"" 'S3W Spa!n '\ltldel' fran'co tltll a r.vJ®-S of disU"~c~

j'~· M.ee .&01: l tsel.t. TbQ, tuvor l,l;ble tra&! llgrM:~nt3 t)1'1t\l0en Sp~t Italy ami

GOt>l:lAt'lf l$;t>~ ,cmactly 'l;W.:i:I ,ood M iOOrl!~ "l'h(!lY d~. not S.rlO1cate a politicd ot

militSl7 Qllie.nce.l'

'l'bh P:110!i too, bad little f e-fit." of Fr.meo beCClll.q ptaT.iatltmtly a1.igr.ad ...

,92l.n'. Asun'·~~Vidtor.; Oewber 2~, 19)8, 'rbe P~nver C.:)~oliq .!!.iitl ter fueell!ber 2c, 19 •

l~. Ilr'op\OZl)!!1 'I'1l'bl,ttt, Sept elltber' 21s t 19)8 . 11I?1siu 'lovelr1bar 26,19'36.

l21;l.Yl.!!t, Octob~r 8, 1936 . 13lb;1.d,,; , i;fo'lfembeli' 19, 1938 •

. ,';.; ~

'12

1!.'it.;; either Ger'lttlmy 0)' It.nl.y. Tutl' Nationnlists 'WOuld not OOOQI:.e Fasci sts

unless t Ol?oed tntOl it by thone oGulIltries who w;;).nted to (}0tr a(ri~t1 the I'I C(ftholic .i

fl~t.iOlj ll'!l 03u.ell as $pirl.n, Pot'tMgnl ~d t3t.lil£U .. 14 Tha.t Fr anco I S ;U'1l\Y lI1;if'j C.atbo-

11e r .l thor t han F>Clcsoist ~ .. I3.S i n.::! lo.;t.cd by such orgarn:hations ll~l t .he Juv!IInt",cie-/iJ

Catol1cil$ which spof16orcd i'''11igiol.lG cer.t~l·t3 lIl,ndeant rold1el's into hattlfi un-. ,

del' t he IZOtto, 'liFer God l.U\d Sptdn .. n TI115 ot'a;mi.~~ticn Qr oold1~-rtl publ:il!1 hed

"d~emoontl$ in t 'le m~t\lre of uf.olog~tic8H ""tj'tou d!aeu&se"d thl;' doc t.rines of t he

ct:nlt'cn and V Ie stlruggle b~t\~(!'~.n ~thaiert1e G/iimUnism and ChrbtiLlu civH il!'la-

t.ton _ It urged ite men to 9UQ"M !<V'Gl~t' j,net.mio r! t ;met ·obMii~1.lCe to Oort.f'landSl!'$

M tbat u l't!ibe'!'3 of theol'eani.~ation '~«)uld bA mo t'l~l solctl.Ar »-15 tc

Alt,heou«h '1'b!' wnf')dt'!"~7;' onee {!! t~ted +h :l.t the tOY<!:llist s )'J'tood for the

l'Viletlt k:tilrl of opprl!r3ai Q.ll and Pl'M~t;l\l t'.on •• ' .ul6u did doubt t hat siropl y

eaU1r,g tbVflur~lve8 Co.ihol1cs "",~a (t'If101}gn t..o i!JI,lWe the N~tion~.1. r.ts :rapreg~nt~ .. ,

t i'\t$! t:>f C",U'toliciS!ll., In th:i8 vein, !b~ Wande,rf'it t"l"print.ed un artiC!'J.n witt en

by Q Fa.th~r Leon .MliSr li.l·ett \,u i eb Wolf} o.r1giotll1y publi tihrad i n ·the PMd.s Catrol,1e

f\l though :1 t 1435 published wit.hout ~ COOIDlf,n t by l'!!!

~nd&rt'tr , it w:ta rE'.:tIl~kabl$ tru~t itwaa , u'bUe,hed at .all i n v i e lil of'tt;e l'ilono-

li thic oopport of t he oth~r papf!'l'a for ft.mco .

F~.the:r l'l~idoncondemmed Co1llMUU.t'!t'JI. ~nd loollZEid t or 'the l1bet'e;tion o.f t ho

Church in SpSlin . St ill, hee~ddIJl\.'e r ofuse, no'W_er,w CJiU a mov('lment in

'1lhich th@'re ur"e.sc .~n.Y pOlitioal Qnd human oonsid:erationo 11 orueade. lte

t'~t'\l30 u$O to i dentU'ytb.U mOll~nt wtlth the: (.t~ll.:t otOllttXlll1 a;l M. • n 'II ..

Fi;I.tlror Mt#rklen went on to r;oint out the r";}fJc.ist t ender'c ieG in t he Na,tio naliat

I f"llde:r • • 11

Alo.ng w.tth theil' l:ti1ef that th1!' I.oyw.iots W·f).t'O OomliIU'o1,l11ts, i.be 'J'abl!l!t

14'he l3Q",ton fUot, September 2a, 1936. 15Ib1d,t Oetober 15, 1938 .

16The w..l1df#eJ',J~nur!ry 5" 1939.. 17lb1dtJ JanuJl7~, 1939 .

.' '~" . i:'~ ~ ~

74

th~t no tor~~gn troo; $ r9m~!~~.(.1

'lhiJI. other papp.rs u>;\.d c .... ";ri($'\l w.'ticlos. c<:mcertii({~ t te wtt.hdt"u,w<.ll of .. . J.'o~oj.gt. tt'oope .. but thf~!'il~ .;;torie:.1 didl'1ot tu,~:Ilt.ion '~,wt UOt'trin h.;Q 1UJoae tb~

.Jl't..1po.\$ltl . Ra.tht~r t hey d.) f~lf, ~t."), l"r c.)"ll;2f) ' S re~$jns \f;'Y he could no't ~tnd the

o,"rr~'10 and 1t.<iU,a."Ul hOID.l!I . ~\cco~diLng t.o these t€lpQt'ts, ~'2nco 110Uld ~vo no

~~tl(lUl.·41l1C tl' that netwinhad oetu:#lly sent th~ tOl'eign tr¢crPfil homf.!' . l>b til,~ntion

~D.~ mule of ~~~in t S :M~r ~O\tStI ~_ t.o Lo<l8,,\18 ::I fHlj::flG tic l'I ot' \"V'el1 th{~t t:1'~ p:r'<:-

po.o:i,1 (yd;';inatod \I.i to t141r3':in . '7:"<.11CO .ar f;dt'lct , 'too, 't~li t lll.:..ny l'()1'eignt'l:' !l had

t:lk~n out Spmh::h 01 M.zent.r.ip ::;0 t i"lt ()-;'eni!' !'is~rln did mmd b:c.e~ sor.w for ...

tJl~ troorr. rltll1Y, 'toch.nlb:'4l1.:. ~.ae.1.f)h . 1,j,t)u! d rnt;.a1tl •. !!1S, i·.tnd~rM:" , h',)t*t;V~.

in ~.n crt..icl~ Ofl t no 9u'b.~act, st~tt,1d that ?~fl'grin ' rJ promioo of f\:welgn trQOP

~'ithdr ~ul f :'tnn LoYZll1trt Spain inoludod UlOI16 who hoo taken out. t'd t.:t~«n.shi'"

!"perc uftl"n' the l;:lt' h.:1.c bl~!1Un. 22 rteadero of' '1'hfJ ~iinderor "no t} Reir.i·Rt~t _

I.ml::.k~ tile r~~der" of th'1 ctn!.'-!' ?l1p"rl':}, ,,1';1:'" ~ivon .at l east tl sb.tu}l;rht\1'. r...ore

~):Qll-l"·oun~led vis~ (.If t ho w,n"lI

.. g horrible !liS .l toyalht 'Victnry vodcl be fer $;.l-lin. t.~liIe p1lp"r-

lta tlaM.onal'i3t v1.c to!"'111tlC'~Jld be' corresronainp-.J.y :u:~v~'nt'Jgac'\{ !l for the

~ount" ,r .. decord1!'it ;I. the r~bltttt 11. N(!tl.Qnal1tft V1tto~ .. ,,"'Ould brir.g lal'). ~~--

order, libel"t~" and juntiC'~ t.n Spa.Hl, thl'l$O b"QlJld b$ t ho 11dom;i..na.t:tr:e h .ctor!t

en ,·,;ncb. fltt .. Soain Nil..1 ho hnil t .. ,,2) Frfl YlCO . ~ tabor Ch1.ll"t.;>i' would {~(.lfj,ne

tht) r:tght .. '1 Mld duti6ls of hot h {f11l'fJ.Qy~.raaQ:nd mi'.f )loyo~~. I t l'1Oulr! eat<Jfblish i9.

iYl'Jtom ,ot oredits Ilnd Me1a11nsur .mc~, cmphD I!I;tdnt! l'lriV' :lt e pro; erty :rishts

and defer.di:na t he pl'itlcivl e or gu~,l d.s Jand synt!1iQal ottt;trrliMt ions :f:oit' wot'KC'rs

;and erlpl oJ\.,rs. ;ploy~t"s ~ulcl M 01'OI\'ll" to Ul'l',;lnge r rodUotion t or thp-

al~~ . ~er . Cathol1C!, i!ee$.$~r J Septemh~r 22" 19)6 .

J The Droo~yn 1~bl('J t.; Octob-:t' 1, 1938. ~ .. t •...• . !

~. -/, .

'1:5

eoRi~n good ;;ma i.JO,}14 be :,r'l"4f01H:dt1.~ t ... the: ~:t.a t,f): . F4ttit.ablo ~t'lGtri.buti" n of'

the profits lI,~e \10 ~ par t or thf~ pl~~ .. ... h f'l';Il,nCi)I alec ~lurmsd to build .. lo"'j..l~el:lt hou8j~, ~'/:titub€';r-c\tlo.d$ at'tot(1t'$ .and have an ei:;;te.rH:d.'\!' ~ proi;!'::im of

c.~il.d ~eH".ql"o. 2,

TM ?Uot altYO publ}$hr·d dL't :;i.1I!'·d ,:hlleeX':i.ptiQrlS ¢! f:·&lr.oo t s ;lQ~:tll tor ~

.~ "Ne'IJ '::prdn.ll ~lq .tHl.tbr'1l1ht Mt.Qol.n w~re to bl.lUt., wi.t14 ~'hich s~b.~ols,

to(:- Pilot s ,nio. "the t !JtiCr.ir...: :i.t>liq5.ouf'I ;;;ro .;1311 tl~t,isfi<ild •• • • 1126 Ttl~r~

l\'OulCi 00 r ~habilit/:l t,:ton (:~;.n 't·B::' S .for IW.ar C1' lppl t:·,a £InC: t.l.Ot' {m t,:g to be !'I"'-

I1'lOl"~ .;~ft 4 . .. .., "'~t ;""'4 .. " ,.,. 21 ..4l. VHi,' '14.) -!l. 1 .... L.t." W ';:J< <iIIo.:ll t

'l";, (~ l1.l'~t '~'ent on. ~'r'lin:;:o ~ould h...v~.~ ~~)loy."r·.~ .sub9itli~~ e~""loY'M!'a j.n:

,t'Opr.nr'tio;n \0 tile number of o~lil~I",H'l in t.hdr l'IiiU'J..ly to. :sp(\c1~l cla~ne$ for

th~ bl:t."!ci tJ(Ir''' W te ()[lt lcbliohed .. Ur.d~f.· ~9.r.cc tl-)t' Ch.t1reh '·J;.'ml.d r$e<'lin j\'1l."id-

ieu FO$'!t"t~$ion of her !-,roPI':r;'~·l . Rd1gi ()u$ orde1'~a."ld ploi.lG a,s ·ooi.rtlol"",

-would r0Gtlin tll~i.r WJtno~. II~lcce-s::iive l s~~d hail !tor1ened nQlJ tuys f ¢'f£f,'N!J

Vh'Ur eb' !7 ~~1u.t.Qry inflUil!~ 1l1"(lfl the social lite!! o-f t hp. ~;JXliard~. tr;>W

,16tet"'"f legi. t'll~ti. ')n !JI'o'lrictld t01" (i. 'S(·p:tt';,\tiQfl o:f' th~ \H~p;b1r;od and tltm-biilp~

ti\!:tto I" !.l ther t.!-J41n h~illg buri~d -ttl t "le- (Ji:Jnte l e t &.'3 in 1.;¢yy11!~t ::,)<rl.n . Chi1d~n

etvon M:,.mi~t nJalies \,In:d~r t.~tl> loyel'§',at.a -*KH:ald be ~(!tchr.ist.i.U;M:d "11.t h IJQitV s

l'iUl'!\(js. :?8

t.lile '1abl $t . prt'di~d that U th~ ~J",t:t'mal ists 'W011. Spain Wi)ule joim.

l'orulgal ~r,d !!'elnrH'i as 1n$piri~ r*gitt€la blll~d OJ) t h$ prine1pll?'i'l of' Chris ..

tiM Sooifll Just!(:o. ~~or t. would lOOflti the "~:\d of tho el~ltnQrlru

~d sbQntin!1: t hat lu(r*3 di$tt'I'Iowd and 'li$ttu'b~d us1n ti'c w .rkil'JlJ ont 0 f Ol)J"

own :nllltional p!.'IQhlOWi .• " ;J!b!'l r.ight .1.nd 1,{t"();r.p; of t ht1l! Civil lICt1' '~.",u16 'beco~

a~~idV ,Nov enlbf'.r 12 .. 19.38 . 2'n,i,cl .. . February 11, 1939 ..

26~~~~Jil() t., .flovGbib0l' 12, 1938.

28~~,£f !4:;lt'Oh ~5 , 19:39 •

. -.'; .. "

27 ~1!1t' D/;)ee:mber 10, 19.38 .

76

obvious '1.;0 a 11.. The nmucdled mH.lds ll of some groups of Irtiill:tng- to ... be- libcl'al

Catholics who insis t~d t.hat there coul d be tTrl0 side s W th4'" Spani sh affai:r u

..:

\~Ul be cleared" Out of the choos oi' t.~e Civil h'Ur 1.'Ould come unbl~..J1Iished

victor'Y fo r th~ for ci3$ of' good . "Sp.dn tri~mph<IDt will signalize tbe i e.fest

of :J.t hetfltic ComtUUniSlf;ll i'lhile in the United St ates, Catholic.s would be free

to diJ:'r.:ct t hei r efforts against l\rll~ric.,.n Cor.nnunists . 29

If victory for t~e Nat ionalisto 11,,5 obViously such Ia boneficien t out-

come fox' ,Cjpa:in, "illy did so ma.ny Americans f&il to r ealize tllat? The ans'\>:{~

'tias 'chat t he ConzL't\lnists had, t hrough a w.ell...orga;n1:u ed und 1wll ... i'illancod pro-

par,noes s:;· Ert.em, hooamn.~ed gullibl e 1'l.mel'10al'Hh The Tablet gave. the }Iorth

A~! <' l'ic " OJMlittse to ;Ud E'ipanish lkl7locracy the dist inc tion of heading t he

l eftist gl'OUPIi . It h ... d organized a ll11ccMsi'ul e ampilign by apr:ealing to Altter ..

1.c:ms to 'CofltirJlle to m,\l;).nt~.lin th!llirmad1:cal staffs i n !la.rcelolla. to continu~

to suppor t mil.k: campa.1gnl3 for Sp$l.ish chHdl' ,sn.ond to eontinue subsi di zing a:

IJ:lObUe hospi tal and chi.ldr en ' 1) homes. Tho l''riends of the Abraham Lincoln

Brigada was another 'Well-known GormnlJ.ni st -sllpporterd Loy ali.et gr oup. 30

The PUot backed t Ile l'ablt~tt:J aocusations 'fJith !.'lome revehtions of i ts -------. Ot-ln . It r e'portftd t hat t he Cotlh" i ttee had held an 1nteru;;J.t1.onu eonfar enc.e :in

P,'lris, in August oi' 1938 ., At t tw.t t .:lJnCl) they had cold .. bliod0dl y discus~ed the

bl)st ways of' r eaching li.tne ric cm C::l tho1:ics· and had set tled on the appeals l i sted

.3.l by t he Tablet as being those mo}')t effective.

the Vim tor htl.d i ts Olm test imony to add to the argument that l\xJwl"l.C {al

supporter's of the Loyalb ts ijere Co!l1!llunist dupes. It e'VP.J!'l Wlntso far ... :$ to

cite H. L. M(!r:u~Ji::en and Dr . A. H'I'.!llli.i.l to n. Rice, ohail."'mom ¢f t he Spanish: Relief

Q:rlllmi t t ee. me- l at'ttto..r charges, according t o an ai"ticle reprinted by the Visi ...

.!!2! f r om t~ Alr.ericq.,n BUnfi ness SurVey" were based in l arge part on the fact .- ,- , - . -

'that a Gommul'liat conspiracy was certainly i ndicated by the f act that t he in ...

29The. Brooklm Tablet, J flnuary 21,. 1939.

31'1'he Boston 1r':UCi) t , ~eptelllber 17" 1938,

,:':,,: ,'

JOlbid" OctobElr 15, 19 38.

,:.".~ ..

7

c;i lJcI'im1n~te Wl~der Qnd t.nrt crtil rut tooc;:1; of t :1if.'l LOyali!ltJ:: tre1.'O tm\t~r l'annt:..orwd

t~l\) pi"~3'~ .;" £VF!il Tl~ ~~de;g'''~~< , "R1O tlh '(;Y3 se'!~ed t!C< j<r1n thory oth~rl1 on . . -

" ":-t\l a~{;u~ t...spirti.1l1 o f 5'il.bn~, 1' G::,dd m!l1tt'iC ;..nfl W"O TJ.U·~rlnz !'l~Ct!1

, .. '1

ctil(!ot;-t1i:1 .!l bG (;X'~l •• .u}~(.t e~t tnra't th~y h,~vc: tl(Jt had .\lC.C:\';I~ Zi tr-> tlle true .i'olOt\i

.;vl~ thiilt tb "1 do n:d~ u-nders t:md the 'l' ~j 1s~me:j 1.11 Sp :.;in , ,,33

It bu& b ca!) e:l~ 'h.? .'.!i ... .cd SO f Jlt' ttl t.hla ci1 IJpt<eI') tll '1t t 1:w·;:m PllP:J!"s :l",lp"

;;yrwd :Ft1.IDOO ~.md t :.tI :fid;,ion.:.ll:i.:!:l tl1 bile"'" ,,,,· tht\Y w>t'~ ant:;.-Cotr.;:;r .. mi2t " Th,'\t ho

~$ ..all;'" pro~·Giltholic is, p~rh~!pt:1, self-cr.r1dOtlt. ., !.nt,~1'~3t:i ng

,0 I!!:.;;~,Q t.'lh$ roor' t3 POiS,; t:l.v~ !,1.p-;n"O~C~1 'b li't'cnev in ootU' det::rl.l .

'l:h~ p;)p~rt~ ~clt}nt t.J i:'om~, effort t~ eut ®l "l " ,:p thtJ e;;oice of th..,

• tho y:llo<<:, ~uot;lci t,;:e -t'epor t of tl}~ "01'(; , :;. COfig1' .:ltuh l~na

to 'j,'~ncj) on (lis victi>r-y :.n -:::~irln 8liYir'.u, ttthe riely t:;rti<(1:r r."~teMed r:~1to:rn al

congl." ... t.ulat:1,() ':.a t,o his 1:.('tlcnr~d ohil( ret\ of Gattho11c ~liiin t"or ttt'l r-eaCt~ :9nd

ic-!ory v,r ant9d the.m by God . • • * I I .!'d j . t, t he Pope soid

that,. ~ht~ d l"e:4~,n.s: of' DiVine ?,['OvJdt}fJCC; w'€l:t'@'- once 1i,:.:a,tn m:m1f!l1st j,n Sp,;.l in Q"'"

'C:iuse> '''t'.lrt'{tr;.,.blo bul W,,1!"i! ;;') f the Cntholic F:d t' l t it hils tP,'1(m to th e

;.1"0 gru.~'tiz.erl'5 of' n~ :tt.ernld ,.tie ~th<O'iolll of QUr ,age th!! h~h~~t pl'o(.lf t.ha t the

e t lJl'ne.1 val\\~tl o f 1'0115;1on and t,r,\O }~idt at$1~d ob'oVt; ill thin''' s .ltJu

!ntfft'Mt'i.rj ;Y, lJhile t he oth~r r.ijve!'~ I'!uo +;he Pope' :; 1 'lflI' ')f'? to.

/rW'lCO~ T:~ ~lMtje!'~I' was the olily one 1,-0 1"1~ntiOfi t hat t,n. .. Sp ':ml 'lt'd had rc-

caiv tld ait«ilm:- 00l1,$1·&tl,l~tt.iOrl€! f t'('>lll Hitlm- . The l'kmd~l't'l:t· COlnnl0t1ted t l'lo.t nobO

'[email protected]"V et'}1 of th-fJ 01"'1 t1~) ¢.1 Zur()p~(U1 aituntt,u'l ~a ~r,~ ::md \'lOre "rexn' :ried l:1y t he

(~vident cloec coope.r rl.t.lon b~twMn th~1 G~r~nY' ,md Spaln t s tlation.'tl i at gov"!' n-

320ur . SUndall/1t'1,1 tor ., Dec~tlibbl,'" h, 19 J8 .

33The Wa!lcttJre!', ,;T.a:nuM'Y la, 1939 •. - '- " - .,

Jl~;che Bo$'ten, Piiet;. April ~<? , 1 ~IJ9 .

-,;,\, ~

~,.Fj

m.cnt.tI ,l':'f' t-:i.ncr on Itt'tlnco' G relat.j.ontl;lY:ip to t.he Chu::-eh: '!'h,.

YJ:ll1cl~r~l' mJ~l"dil. II \ :Ul ul M:matfl v~.etory of t hll"' N~t,j."1· $liste' g1v~ latl..er and ~ I . ( :IIi. , "'" .. }1\ls/:3¢lini !l }"oltttclal, miltl.ll"'Gl' j ~!'!dmiHt ''''l''' btl fi'.rlt'Jwhtch to

CI'.t'-ry the~r if'n~ct~t N('l"ld r<ovol utio'l"t uodt'lr the tl,'ie e.t Q;.11 idlf!olc-.f{iC,'ll

~t" &hh;'l'rl.sm? It)$'

k'~r th~ Tr,.bl~t, . htnil'e'ter-,the- 1ue'?U.otl '1\/-; 1" tlet,tJ.eo ~-...'

~OI'l!;:nRI t t !'! off.iehl V",Mc-.'ll'! pr,;rp .. t',l'lai.d tht~1i C.1th¢liM oould not. be r.~\lt'!;'Ql

'J. ) t Tle Sr:lll'lt~h 1.!'tero ~ . 1'0 et"'Ys ~'C~(lrdi:ng t"l) thl!'<' ~a~~;e't '! l" t:ipO'.t' t of' t he Ita-11m:'}

Pl'l})/l'Ii" ~ ~t.Qnd; thp.t Cntt-.olicn oou'1d b~ frM to fnvor ('1 th{tT.' ldde Itm~ng t~~t

on ... d ... .n:tN~' t ne dbtiflct;iOf\ bet~r~en fl!Oed and ,.;,,yU. ,,)6 'l'h~ filot 'looted tl"..e

iaho!"' oj' 1'olndo liS Iltny'.nv,ttl dont t wnnt to b Muuttl . I Hant t o b /!! r~:b.·. ., MC'.Ot'din<· fhe f nob t t.hl'1"·t!! 16001y onr-o m.Ol':) in Spain t,n$ t C1Jljl be i\'l telH ..

31 tty ~..nd eOflttCl~nti¢1j'iflY' ~r-l"ovi'!!d ta.1'ld t ,hat bW \M.ol'lnli ~t ~rl.l'l. " f''''r~

hmtls. firtnl1:r, th~ b"'nt uMor~t.mdj.ne of thco(') l"~t'lot'~ s llr;'port of T'r\)reo ,,"'eI.

~.n t~ Pllotf ~ At.~t~ent tha.t Ilot COllf'M, hI!; tnterll.s t o re,<j~t~bB.l1h 'the

l~rlVl(b1!i 01' the Ohurch • • •• 11)8

fh~ 'spanit'lb LoY'lHl'lts, cf' eotlrse~ HE're silying ttl-at Spain 11M pl'b$t~

r1dden" that in $p t.~", Cllnweb gt<lr~eid 'th, })Oller $tr'.lot~ll"~; riot the people .

fh~t ch!Jrse l 'Q ,~ply r "!!"tt./M h t.h" PUot~nd t ,heV11;'1to:r * ~~

"tat$it tht'>t any nf'lgl,(1Iet suffered by t~ ~.m1Bh p">¢pll1" 1'ihottld

he b1<'l.mlld on M"~met a:~tatora, not, thfll Chur'oh. "t at:lY l"i:llte, a, Fat h<;;r !1 .J,.

Ahern, t'tho Hrl)t~ e-'"'fJ .olQ~ I'IbDtl t !'.t n for the r:.~119:t., 6 f.'J.d.. t'1ha

oLoPIY 'f.I~uld ~"ndmen to Ml1 fo!' f'aU i:t\f' -to c ~rry out 0001.:11

.tot" the 1!'l\lrd~ of prinnh or tn,,, r ape Q,f nuue~J9

J>!h!, ~'.iand~r~r, febJ:'<1l1l!'Y 2, 1939.

At of thl;-

for.ms, bu.t not

)6tho Bt~~ll! !!,?l.Q1.#c J.a'I':JU91."Y 21, ),939.

37'th-e & 'J t:on f ilot.. ~pt.embe~3:. 1938 ..

3f'IMrl .. , Se~~temb~l: .3. 1938 .•

J8lb,;ld., Septelllbfl'l'" 3, 1936 .

•

"9

Tn ;).~ i ttl on, th", llot I':'l?pJ:.lir:"","" ~ ... th::' th~· fi!~;;.nci: ?l r.t, t.:.f! of t.L

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"or' t.nf) O:;!';q) I) :' ~· ,.~;! ee., the t~hu~'Cl) l''''UO'mC~f d1 ::'igil't:; to ·V:·C ~.~'O l "y in.-

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fo r on", ilUrlf1:t' r-:d :" •. ;!'!:j , c'!'Jul d ,., t "'T :::=, 'lil.!.e l 'Ot' tn'! 1"0;'- c.: CK)ci .. l

j"J.'OTi"'S':J in ~I ~l "'n .

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..t~~ ... ~ ~~rr ~ eon-

t"'.d.n~d r~uc ~'l rlN'e ti1;lt~dal c=mc!'l'rnir~g tnt· ~,mi~'l. Cj\r ::l \.~..il",. -t, m ~' it, he

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~t !': ; :i' ; ~ "~h(~ futuN ,;1.L1 l:' ~f: I1:,ll t-:> 'Q 11d.01j ,tt Ie (;alit (j1

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'n~ Cl(l Sfr~ca lJW'l given 1~ 1 d.'? to~1.e 'It ., MJ.i'u: el i' (~! 'Vc!·,,, orlzi f~ in ot!l·.l' :i!'tJ~n .

';ut i 't io {''1m' 'r.}:)~·o l"Ot!,'lV)l'thy t".'·wt hrrrt . t l t1!'t V iC :!.9~U r;~' (;)'t,·:1t1ni~"'ir. V"'l'-

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ciYl!; 'tloir' st ')r.d O'~ f!ITr'/i: on~ e,f tho 0'; "" ' " U3 t,ol'ic~ ... - ~~;}S t~1;'! o,en.

h .1.t Wi"1 t ' t') l"n )ct:l,O!l? 1.hey pit. gOl.'lfi on one a ide, ev:'.l OoY. t ll (! other

>md !"ItoH .\} line b t~" n t 'l,' t HO W) th,l t It '·l.S: t~!""C(.!s~ "· t'y W Clt. ~nd or:: on .... sidJ:'

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They r.ru"t OeOO1'lfi r:.)'L'I'" \r'j(>t"l t ~n by If)'Nlp.~ tl'IO .I'otr>ct .. ,.l;, t:e '1"mi -,,~ .. r;tto in "~ich G~thol.i.ci "lm h1.;1 t,'\o:cn t'Clot .. nc1 f l'O',!') , tc (;r1',"1" t'll? :'~"'i .';ot,,"e ;" of' ~l;xJric(;ln :';}::cioL(/ 'i.'ld cQ{:!.:i::<'rtr. t,' it;.'-l il'l f.ti 1.ut:cnn t·,.· v'll'J~s t'1ey h~l"n: m'o ,t<:'Jd in t h("ir ot...'¥l.

tii::rJl i~Hn"'<:/u~ly t%,tClJ' ~I'..t(:" boc(l\l'l from '1 1"i'iculou:'l jJ' fli'" toroic 'Ill v

u::r.!r~i!: f~,!" in ~ ttttJ t~,~

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t n~C~1"" 1'l''''C'I''!lj';·on· tly' t \,!;,. 'l'ic,~ C:) ttl'ol:lns bot';;. I" undo at.mc· ',.tt'::, t tnt':; ~1 (~rn .

·,t;:;;.t ciOfJEl th:1 <; p.:r~l" ':;."Iy ab r:.1J t 1;hl.' (,l'ller:!.c':" \ C,th...,lic, n9 r"Ci!n"~ O~.!ll'ted hy "iv~

~. t'r i '';l!mtiI31 C tb;>liC n~;tn't" ;:.p"1'9 (l'.~rll'!" tJnf'> or ~'i~s

.t, ~""uld !,,~Y'l~ .tnrl:l:.co,t.o tl'l~)t lO t U tit:a O~' inoorn ~ti(\r:11 e;"i~~, "l, tho

..... rlc· l"'.~!" ·l.·"e !<l"''''-\ bl" i'··,c a' t:lc"s r"' '?"'/1 . rHlf\~~i,:,r :;n t •• ~ ;, •• j, ...... ' .. ,....J •• ' ~ -~ .1 · j;"~ ...... --l ;'UCtlll,()l ~to'\..' :;~ , .\ ~J'" O<>n~J:'>ltion :

'~1!, ;and ! l('rdor, 196Li j~ " . 10 ' . -,'WlN'l~c~n al1d G. thol i c (!<!oa York :

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fr.lt t' ,c:;.1," P;;))"'!,!" ::; Jt,) t)l<!ir:1~~lv arm ,r;!l".rjx!:m !.li:l '~L1 '.oW GaU~lic . 'l'be~

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aJ'.L)~ b~ {;(~od :\:';tIt' :i.r;~ns l'lnu ! ~oou G,1th'Zl!.:l c !';.. '2 Ot'Ilf'OV<.J t!:r:-;:t nt:Wl i;~t:.~d [ood

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a;~tti1~gt " cVHt' t) s 'lcial Ch:.L:1r,a .

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'uth f' lC ' . t ,I(t$'l<] ir:n .. uPG 9cpr~r· "l'Lp.1YI j:! ;:. " ~ s5Ir.rl".,r to d{/.'>l t·r.tth ;')111 .~il'jf}

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J but ?5';<'n th: r1fdt:io!~ or t:10 J"',~'$ on til,., fS~!);'ltiLal4.11C~Eor.

of CJI:,!,\tlf'i ~'> 1 t :' o,." r hnl'.:'l tm(~('r(Jt1 ';bl~ to ~€'ri'''::l!:s ~!t1c C'10CO ~!tlZ~;"'rt O'l",r

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r~i\l'cl'l tin t e 'lfu'l';' $) It'mL; :.:I, silMce, it in not. m.lr" r!trlnr~ b;:, f"ind "11

l L\it:, t~x'lodinr; t.;i.th a bi'l.:":'r"~i;'· of ct"i.tioi~ c;"dJ'l!)t ~;n~xp.:t·e~!1i:n of r UlDl ..

i.Ci.sr,l WIIl.ch t!lf'Y ftit'l t,hw~:t' ted t' l'IJV"f' thllr. fulfill ''':<; t h\'t:l ...

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