“the apache way” and how it can help research projects
TRANSCRIPT
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openlaws.eu - OS Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria
“The Apache Way” and How it can help Research
ProjectsJakob Frank
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
About MeJakob Frank
● Researcher @ KMT, Salzburg [email protected]
● Solution Architect @ Redlink [email protected]
● Committer, PMC Member @ Apache Marmotta, [email protected]
http://at.linkedin.com/in/jakobfrank
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Background● Apache Marmotta
○ Donated to the ASF in 2012○ Previously
■ KiWi (FP7 Project)■ LMF (SNML-TNG, K-Project)
○ Currently■ MICO (FP7 Project)■ Fusepool P3 (FP7 Project)
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Background● Apache Stanbol
○ Donated to the ASF in 2011○ Originated from IKS (FP7 Project)○ Currently used in Fusepool P3 (FP7 Project)
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
“The Apache Way”Although the term is deprecated, “The Apache Way” relates to how the ASF (and its projects) work and operate
… but what is the ASF and how does it work?
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
The ASFASF == Apache Software Foundation
● Non-profit corporation, founded 1999● 501(c)3 charity (US)● Volunteer organization● Virtual world-wide organization● Exists to provide the organizational, legal, and financial
support for various OSS projects
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
The ASF - today● > 400 members● > 150 TLPs● ~ 40 podlings● Tons of committers (literally)
○ (> 4900 people, and growing)● Very large and growing infrastructure
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
The ASF’s Mission● Provide open source software to the public free of
charge● Provide a foundation for open, collaborative software
development projects by supplying hardware, communication, and business infrastructure
● Create an independent legal entity to which companies and individuals can donate resources and be assured that those resources will be used for the public benefit
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
The ASF’s Mission● Provide a means for individual volunteers to be
sheltered from legal suits directed at the Foundation’s projects
● Protect the ‘Apache’ brand, as applied to its software products, from being abused by other organizations
● Provide legal and technical infrastructure for open source software development and to perform appropriate oversight of such
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
How the ASF worksThe Apache Software Foundation provides support for the Apache community of open-source software projects. The Apache projects are characterized by a collaborative, consensus based development process, an open and pragmatic software license, and a desire to create high quality software that leads the way in its field. We consider ourselves not simply a group of projects sharing a server, but rather a community of developers and users.
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
How the ASF works - 2nd try
● Community over code
● The code should be exceptional
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Structure of the ASF - dev● Volunteer Driven Organization ● Software Projects are managed by Project
Management Committees (PMCs) ● PMCs vote in new PMC members and
committers ● At the end of the day: People / Individual
focused
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Structure of the ASF - legal● Member-based corporation - individuals only ● Members nominate and elect new members ● Members elect a board - 9 seats ● Semi-annual meetings via IRC● Each PMC has a Chair - eyes and ears of
the board (oversight only)
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
ASF “Org Chart”
PMC Members
Committers
Contributors
Patchers
Users
Members
Officers
Board
Projects Foundation
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
The Apache Way - Basic Memes● Meritocracy● Peer-based● Consensus decision making● Collaborative development● Responsible oversight
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Meritocracy● “Govern by Merit”● Merit is based on what you do● Merit never expires● Those with merit get more responsibility
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Peer-based● Developers represent themselves -
individuals● Mutual trust and respect● All votes hold the same weight● Community over code
○ Healthy communities create healthy code
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Consensus decision making● Key is the idea of voting
○ +1 - yes○ +0 - no real comment○ -1 - veto
● Often you also see things like -0, -0.5, ...
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Voting● The rule of 3 and 72
○ 3 voters is the minimal acceptable quorum○ 72 hours minimum time frame for votes
● Everyone is welcome to vote○ committers have “binding” votes
● Vetos○ must be justified and have sound technical merit○ cannot be overruled if valid○ very rare
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Collaborative Development● Code is developed by the community● Voting ensures at least 3 active developers● Development happens publicly, online and
on-list○ “If it didn’t happen on the list, it didn’t happen”
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Collaborative Development● Mailing lists are the preferred method
○ Archived○ Asynchronous○ Available to anyone - public list
● Other methods are OK, if not primary○ Wiki, IRC, F2F○ Always bring the essence back to the list
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Responsible oversight● PMCs
○ provide technical oversight of all project releases○ ensure clean IP in all Apache releases○ new committers/PMC member
● Board ○ provides organizational oversight of all Apache
projects○ ensure PMCs function independently
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
The Apache Incubator● New projects (podling) start in the incubator● Mentors teach how the ASF works● Graduation
○ prove to be a healthy and growing community○ prove to be able to release the software○ IP clearance
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Apache Software License 2.0● open source● permissive● commercial usage allowed
Additional Guarantee for Apache Projects:● All direct dependencies are ASL2 compatible
http://www.apache.org/legal/resolved.html#category-a
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Apache for Research Projects● ASL2 - clear licensing
○ partners can use the outcome● Long-Term perspective
○ Software and Community beyond the project● Broadens community
○ It’s likely that people from outside the research project join
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Apache for Research Projects● “The Apache Way”
○ works good for diverse & distributed teams○ mailing-lists○ voting
● Dissemination○ “Apache” makes good marketing○ marketing opportunity, also great in reviews
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Apache for Research Projects● Giving up control
○ no guarantee - contributions can be rejected by the community
○ research-project cannot force direction● Overhead
○ Community building, releases, licensing, ...● Licensing limitations
○ strict rules for 3rd-party libraries (e.g. no GPL)○ work-arounds available
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OpenSource Workshop, 26.06.2015, Vienna, Austria Jakob Frank
Thanks“The Apache Way” and How it can help Research Projects
based on material from http://community.apache.org/speakers/slides.html
The Apache Software Foundation● http://www.apache.org/ ● http://incubator.apache.org/● http://community.apache.org/
Apache Marmotta ● http://marmotta.apache.org/
Apache Stanbol ● http://stanbol.apache.org/
acknowledgements to the MICO FP7 project(grant no. 610480) http://www.mico-project.eu/