the apology of al kindy

{\rtf1{\fonttbl{\f2 Times New Roman;}{\f3 Times New Roman Bold;}{\f4 Times New Roman Italic;}{\f5 Times New Roman Bold;}{\f6 Times New Roman Bold;}{\f7 Times New Roman;}{\f8 Arial Unicode MS;}{\f9 Times New Roman;}{\f10 Times New Roman;}{\f11 Times New Roman;}{\f12 Times New Roman Italic;}{\f13 Times New Roman;}{\f14 Times New Roman;}{\f15 Times New Roman;}{\f16 Arial Unicode MS;}{\f17 Arial Unicode MS;}{\f18 Times New Roman Italic;}{\f19 Arial Unicode MS;}{\f20 Times New Roman;}{\f21 Times New Roman;}{\f22 Times New Roman;}{\f23 Times New Roman Italic;}{\f1000000 Times New Roman;}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red127\green127\blue127;\red192\green192\blue192;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;\red255\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue0;}\viewkind1\viewscale100\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0\deftab80\dntblnsbdb\expshrtn\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg1}{\bkmkend Pg1}\par\pard\ql \li5884\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5884\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5884\sb60\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE \par\pard\ql \li2956\sb96\sl-504\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf2\f3\fs52 APOLOGY OF AL KINDY, \par\pard\ql \li3815\sb5\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 WRITTEN AT THE COURT OF AL MÂMÛN \par\pard\ql \li4751\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 (\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Circa\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 A.H. 215; A.D. 830), \par\pard\ql \li4262\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4262\ri4073\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\tx5116 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 IN DEFENCE OF CHRISTIANITY \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 AGAINST ISLAM. \par\pard\ql \li3585\sb1\sl-255\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\n

osupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 With an essay on its Age and Authorship read before \par\pard\ql \li4919\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 the Royal Asiatic Society \par\pard\ql \li5999\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5999\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 by \par\pard\ql \li3326\sb266\sl-322\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf5\f6\fs28 SIR WILLIAM MUIR, K.C.S.I. LL.D. D.C.L.; \par\pard\ql \li4334\sb1\sl-222\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 PRINCIPAL EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY; \par\pard\ql \li2188\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 AUTHOR OF \u8220?THE LIFE OF MAHOMET,\u8221? \u8220?ANNALS OF THE EARLY CALIPHATE,\u8221? ETC. \par\pard\ql \li5039\sb272\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 SECOND EDITION. \par\pard\ql \li4871\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4871\ri4734\sb71\sl-220\slmult0\tx5275 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex110 {\field{\*\fldinst {HYPERLINK http://www.muhammadanism.org/ }}{\fldrslt {\ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs18 www.muhammadanism.org}}} \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex111 \ul0\nosupersub\cf7\f8\fs18 December 1, 2006 \par\pard\ql \li3043\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3043\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3043\sb192\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE. \par\pard\ql \li5582\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5582\sb276\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 LONDON: \par\pard\ql \li2918\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 , \par\pard\ql \li3566\ri3373\sb11\sl-220\slmult0\tx4507 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS, W.C.; \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C. \par\pard\ql \li3633\ri3435\sb20\sl-220\slmult0\tx4583 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 26, ST. GEORGE\u8217?\u8217?S PLACE, HYDE PARK CORNER, S.W. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 BRIGHTON: 135, NORTH STREET. \par\pard\ql \li4454\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 NEW YORK: E. & J. B. YOUNG & CO. \par\pard\ql \li5889\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 1887.

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{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft6835\shptop7665\shpright6839\shpbottom7670\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz245\shplid29{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 4}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 5}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,5);(4,5);(4,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 14872561}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg2}{\bkmkend Pg2}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1610\sb100\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE first edition of the APOLOGY OF AL KINDY was published five years ago. It \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 contained an \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \u8220?Essay on its Age and Authorship,\u8221? \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 which is now again prefixed to the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Apology; and which, having been read before the ASIATIC SOCIETY, was published in \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the Journal of that Institution. The conclusions thus submitted to the judgment of learned \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Orientalists\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 have not been questioned anywhere, and may, therefore, with some \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 confidence, be now accepted. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The APOLOGY has been largely circulated in the original text in the East, and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 has also been translated into the vernacular of India. It is important, therefore, that its \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 substance should be accessible in English to our Missionaries and others interested in the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 work, as well as the arguments on which its claim to authenticity is grounded. And it is \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 chiefly with this view that the present edition is published. \par\pard\ql \li9820\sb5\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 W. M. \par\pard\ql \li2231\ri3364\sb261\sl-280\slmult0\tx2663 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 December\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 1886. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See p. 38.

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bxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz99\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg3}{\bkmkend Pg3}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\ql \li4262\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4262\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4262\sb100\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb261\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 I may say at once that my primary object, in the present undertaking, is to place the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \u8220?Apology of Al Kindy\u8221? in the hands of those who will use it in the interests of the \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Christian faith. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 At the same time, apart altogether from a religious, aspect, the Apology possesses \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 a very peculiar interest of its own. My attention was first directed to it by the Turkish \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Mission Aid Society, which printed very carefully the text from two imperfect \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 manuscripts. A cursory perusal convinced me of its high dialectic merit, and also of its \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 presumable authenticity, as belonging to the age-the third century of the Hegira (about \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 830 A.D.)\u8212?in which it purports to have been written. I accordingly published a short \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 sketch, with a few extracts, in the \u8220? Indian Female Evangelist.\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Further study deepened the conviction. The Apology is quoted by the well-known \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 writer Al Bîrûni (about 390 A.H.; 999 A.D.), as the Epistle of \u8220?\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Abd al Masîh ibn Ishâc, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Al Kindy\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 .\u8221? This quotation, while proving the currency of the work in the century \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 following that in which it was written, has given rise \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb113\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Indian Female Evangelist.\u8221? London: Nisbet & CO., April, 1881, Art. I.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5721\shpright4679\shpbottom5741\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz105\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg4}{\bkmkend Pg4}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 6\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1601\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 to a confusion, in the minds of some, between our Author and the famous Al Kindy \l

ine \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (\u8220?Abu Yûsuf Ibn Ishâc\u8221?), \u8220?the Philosopher of Islam,\u8221? who also flourished at the Court of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Al Mâmûn. I was led therefore to inquire carefully into the question of authorship. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The \u8220?Philosopher\u8221? was unquestionably a professed Mahometan, which at once \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dispels the notion that he could have had any hand in the Apology. But the Beni Kinda \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 (whence the title \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Al Kindy, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 meaning a man of that tribe) formed a great clan of \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 themselves, who, advancing from the south, spread over the centre and north of Arabia, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and had, in the fifth and sixth centuries of the Christian era, a distinguished rôle in the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 history of the Peninsula.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 At the rise of Islam, though the greater part of the tribe, headed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 by the celebrated Al Ashâth, passed over to the faith of Mahomet, still a respectable \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 minority appear to have continued their attachment to the Christian religion; and in the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 time of Al Mâmûn, this remnant must have afforded ample numbers to produce other \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 men of distinction bearing the tribal title of \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Al Kindy, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 besides the great Philosopher. That \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 our Author belonged to such a branch of the Kinda race, there is no reasonable doubt. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 And the internal evidence (apart altogether from that supplied by the quotation from Al \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Bîrûni) affords the strongest presumption that the work is what it professes to be,\u8212? \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 namely, an Apology in \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb53\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See \u8220?Life of Mabomet\u8221? (1st edition), vol. i. p. clxxiii. \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 et seq.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz123\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg5}{\bkmkend Pg5}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li5606\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5606\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5606\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10324 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 PREFACE\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 7\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 defence of the Christian religion in its polemical aspect, as opposed to the dominant \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Faith, at the Court of the Caliph Al Mâmûn. The Preliminary Essay is designed to \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 establish this. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Apart from its literary and historical interest, however, the Apology can well \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 afford to stand, as a controversial work, upon its own apologetic merits. Notwithstanding \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 a good deal that is weak and inconclusive in its reasoning, some things that are even \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 questionable in fact, and abundance of censorious epithets against the Moslem, Jewish, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and Magian faiths that might well have been materially softened, yet, taken as a whole, \line

\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the argument is, from the Apologist\u8217?s stand-point, conducted with wisdom and ability: \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 while throughout it is characterised by a singular mastery of the Arabic language. The \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 treatment of Islam is so trenchant that the circulation of the Apology could hardly be \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 tolerated in any of the effete and bigoted Mahometan States of the present day. And, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 indeed, excepting the Motázelite Caliphs, and perhaps also the great Akbar, I suppose \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 there has been hardly a Mahometan government in any age which would not have \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 considered it necessary to suppress a work so dangerous to Islam, by -the severest pains \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and penalties.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 But as regards our own territories, the case is different. And certainly the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 appearance of an Apology written and \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1712\sb71\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 I am told by Dr. Lansing, the learned American Missionary at Cairo, that by the former law of Egypt any \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 house in which the MS. might be found was liable to be razed to the ground, with forty houses round.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz113\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg6}{\bkmkend Pg6}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 8\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 circulated at the Court of an Abbasside Caliph, could hardly be objected to in the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 dominions of the Defender of the Christian faith. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 With the view, therefore, of facilitating the use and translation of the Apology, or \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of selections from it, I have compiled a very full analysis of its contents, with a copious \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 translation of the more interesting portions. In doing this, I have indicated a few passages \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 which, for reasons specified, should be omitted. Whether there should be any further \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 curtailment must depend on local considerations. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 As an ancient and indigenous product of Asiatic Christianity, the Apology \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 possesses not only a deep interest for ourselves in Christendom, but it has also a practical \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 bearing on the same controversy still being prosecuted in the East. The Christian \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 advocate there has it often thrown in his teeth that he is introducing a Christ whose \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 features and teaching have been moulded after a European type; and whose religion, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 consequently, though suited to the Western, is alien from the Asiatic, mind and habit. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 This, at any rate cannot be said of our Apologist. An Arab of the Arabs, born and bred a \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thousand years ago in the plains of Chaldæa, Al

Kindy presents himself and his faith in a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 purely Asiatic dress and language. The objectors will find that the Gospel changes not \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 with time or clime; and that neither in form nor substance, nor in the reasoning by which \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 it is supported, does the Christianity of Al Kindy materially differ (excepting perhaps in \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the more fervid temperament and livelier fancy of the Asiatic disputant) \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg7}{\bkmkend Pg7}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li5606\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5606\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5606\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10324 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 PREFACE\tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 9\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 from that which is put forth by the Missionary of the present day. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 I have not sought to transfuse the eloquence of Al Kindy into these pages, but \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 have confined myself to the substance and tenor of the argument The discourse \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 throughout is much abridged, and even where a passage is marked as a translation, the \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 gist of the same is for the most part given in brief, and without the cumulation of epithets, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 and exuberance of verbiage, in which our author delights to expatiate. Even if I had \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 possessed ability for the task, the differing genius of our language would have interfered \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 with any attempt of mine at imitation. To form an adequate conception of the rushing \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 flood of AI Kindy\u8217?s rhetoric, the original must be read. Into Oriental languages, however, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 such as Persian and Urdoo, there should be little difficulty in transfusing something both \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 of the style and the spirit of our author. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 It is now six-and-thirty years since, at the request of Dr. Pfander, I wrote an \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 account of his three excellent Treatises on the Mahometan, Controversy, in the \u8220?Calcutta \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Review.\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The effect produced by these, both in India and Turkey, has been not \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 inconsiderable. But it is no disparagement of them to say that Al Kindy\u8217?s Apology may \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 be expected to cause a sensation incomparably more profound. That the champion of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Christianity was himself a native of the East, of noble Arab birth, and yet a \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Calcutta Review,\u8221? vol. viii. Art. VI.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz114\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg8}{\bkmkend Pg8}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1601\sb100\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Christian by descent, a philosopher, and an honoured

attendant at the Court of the Caliph \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Al Mâmûn, must add prodigiously to the weight that necessarily attaches, from its \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 intrinsic merits, to our author\u8217?s argument. Between this and Pfander\u8217?s works, there is just \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the difference between perusing an essay, and listening to the warm and impassioned \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 eloquence of the advocate in his own defence; between reading the description of a battle, \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and witnessing with your own eyes the hotly-contested field of battle itself. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1615\sb7\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Grateful acknowledgment is due to the \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Turkish Mission Aid Society, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 for their \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ready appreciation of the value of the Apology, and the care taken in presenting us, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 notwithstanding the imperfection of the manuscripts, with a text so intelligently and \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 carefully edited.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\ql \li9820\sb5\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 W. M. \par\pard\ql \li2164\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 LONDON, \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 December \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 1, 1881. \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1619\sb56\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 For the careful editing of the text, the Turkish Mission Aid Society was indebted to the labours and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 scholarship of Dr. Tien, who from imperfect materials has produced a very fairly intelligible text; and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 deserves much credit for the same.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop4891\shpright4679\shpbottom4911\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz93\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg9}{\bkmkend Pg9}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\ql \li4795\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4795\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4795\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li4795\sb104\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf4\f5\fs24 TABLE OF CONTENTS, \par\pard\li2663\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li2663\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li2663\sb61\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx8332\tx9455 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 PREFACE\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Page\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 5\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Essay on its Age and Authorship\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 13\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Speech of Al Mâmûn\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 29\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Letter of Al Hâshimy the Moslem Advocate\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 39\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9336 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 REPLY OF AL KINDY\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 41\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The Trinity\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 41\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Life of Mahomet\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 44\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Assassinations\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 46\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Warlike Expeditions\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 48\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slm

ult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Wives of Mahomet\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 51\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Evidence of Prophecy\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 53\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Conquest of Persia\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 55\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Miracles\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 57\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Apostacy of the Arabs\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 62\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The Three Dispensations\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 66\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The Coran: Materials and Mode of Collection\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 69\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Solecisms in Coran, Matter and Style\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 79\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Worldly Inducements\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 84\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Name of Mahomet on the Great Throne\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 88\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Preëminence of the Seed of Abraham\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 88\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ordinances of Islam\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 90\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Prohibition of Swine\u8217?s Flesh\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 91\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Pilgrimage\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 92\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Saracenic Crusade\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 95



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{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft6835\shptop1924\shpright6839\shpbottom1929\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz101\shplid14{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 4}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 5}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,5);(4,5);(4,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 14872561}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg10}{\bkmkend Pg10}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb165\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4531 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 12\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF ALKINDY.\par\pard\li2663\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li2663\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li2663\sb238\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx8356\tx9335 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Contradictory Passages\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Page\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 96\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 War as a Divine Remedy\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 101\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Martyrs, Moslem and Christian\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 103\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Temporal Inducements\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 107\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Intercession of Mahomet\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 109\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The Trinity defended\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 110\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Adoration of the Cross\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 111\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The Fâteha\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 112\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9216 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 CHRISTIANITY described\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 114\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Old Testament Prophecies\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 114\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Jewish Scriptures uncorrupted\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 114\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Life of Christ\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 116\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Ministry of the Apostles\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 119\par\pard\li2663\sb122\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Miracles no longer needed\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 120\par\pard\li2663\sb118\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9215 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Conclusion\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 122\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg11}{\bkmkend Pg11}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmu

lt0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\ql \li3359\sb0\sl-460\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3359\sb180\sl-460\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf12\f13\fs40 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY. \par\pard\ql \li3734\ri3548\sb74\sl-540\slmult0\tx4195 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 AN ESSAY ON ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP. \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 [\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Read before the Royal Asiatic Society\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 .] \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb244\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 AL BÎRÛNI, in his \u8220?Vestiges of Ancient Nations,\u8221? written A.D. 1000 (A.H. 390), while \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 describing the customs of the Sabeans, cites the authority of \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Ibn Ishâc al Kindy, the \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Christian, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 in these words:\u8212? \par\pard\qj \li2519\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2519\ri2333\sb32\sl-253\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 Likewise Abd al Masîh ibn Ishâc al Kindy, the Christian, in his reply to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the Epistle of Abdallah ibn Ismaîl the Hâshimite, relates of them (the Sabeans) \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 that they are notorious for Human sacrifice, but that at present they are not able \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to practise openly the same.\ul0\super\cf14\f15\fs20 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb245\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 A work answering the above description has recently been published by the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Turkish Mission Aid Society, in Arabic, under the following title: \u8220?The Epistle \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Chronology of Ancient Nations,\u8221? p. 187, by Dr. Sachau. London, 1879. \par\pard\li1905\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2481\tx2836\tx3422\tx4175\tx4804\tx4929\tx5073\tx5577\tx5951\tx6719\tx7190\tx7300\tx9105\tx10238 \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 %\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 &\u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \u1576? (\u1570?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 ) \u1575?*+\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 ,\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 (\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 " #\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex89 \u1575? \u1609?\u1571?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 )\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \u1609? \u1575? \u1602? \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-8\charscalex100 \u1570?\u1608?\par\pard\li5654\sb2\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx5913\tx6926\tx7843\tx8860\tx10065\tx10391 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 + \u1605?* \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 / 0 \u1584?\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \u1608? \u1587? \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \u1606?*, 4/ \u1571?\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \u1575?

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6067\shpright4679\shpbottom6087\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz104\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg12}{\bkmkend Pg12}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 14\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100

of Abdallah ibn Ismaîl the Hâshimite to Abd al Masîh ibn Ishâc al Kindy, inviting him to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 embrace Islam; and the reply of Abd al Masîh, refuting the same, and inviting the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Hâshimite to embrace the Christian Faith.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The book, we learn from a note at the end, was printed from two MSS. obtained, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 one in Egypt, the other in Constantinople. Neither has the name of the copyist, nor the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 year of transcription. They are both said in this note, to be full of errors and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 discrepancies. But the book has been edited with care and intelligence, and as a whole \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 may be regarded as a correct reproduction of the original. The editor (Dr. Tien) certainly \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 deserves great credit for the way in which the task is executed. I proceed to give a brief \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 account of the work. \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The letters, themselves anonymous, are preceded by a short preface:\u8212? \par\pard\ql \li3825\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3825\sb12\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 In the Name of \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 GOD, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 the \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ONE, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 the \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ETERNAL. \par\pard\qj \li2519\sb0\sl-252\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2519\ri2315\sb32\sl-252\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 It is related that in the time of ABDALLAH AL MÂMÛN. there lived a man of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Hâshimite descent, and of Abbasside lineage, nearly related to the CALIPH. The \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 same was famed, among high and low, for devotion to Islam, and for the careful \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 observance of all its ordinances. This person had a friend, learned and virtuous, \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 endowed with the gifts of culture and science, of pure and noble descent from the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 BENI KINDA, and distinguished for his attachment to the Christian faith. The \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 same was in the service of the Caliph, and nigh unto him in honour and dignity. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Now these two men had a mutual love, and an implicit trust in the friendship of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 each other. AL MÂMÛN, Commander of the Faithful, moreover, and his whole \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg13}{\bkmkend Pg13}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 15\par\pard\qj \li2519\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2519\ri2346\sb29\sl-250\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 Court, were aware of this. But we are averse from mentioning their names, lest it \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 should do harm. The HÂSHIMITE wrote to the Christian a letter, of which this is \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a copy.\ul0\super\cf14\f15\fs20 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb266\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The Hâshimite\u8217?s letter follows immediately on this. He remind his friend that he, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 though a Mahometan, is himself well versed in the Scriptures, and in the practices and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 doctrines of the various Christian sects; and he then proceeds to explain the teaching of \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Islam, and to press its acceptance on him. He begs of his friend to reply without fear or \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 favour, \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb32\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 I subjoin the Arabic text:\u8212? \par\pard\li1799\sb106\sl-322\slmult0\fi3892\tx6066 \up0 \expndtw-12\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs28 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-12\charscalex100 \u1575?* \u1575? &\u1575?\par\pard\li1799\sb206\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx2500\tx3000\tx3244\tx4775\tx5673\tx5826\tx6153\tx6863\tx8913\tx9355 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex59 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 "B CD \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\chars

calex100 : " \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex56 7 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 8/ 9 \u1587? 4 \u1575? \u1608?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 : )\u1617?<\u1571?\u1608?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1617?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1575? \u1569?>\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 : %+\u1585? \u1606?*:@ \u1575? &\u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 :\u1586?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 , \u1606? \u1570? ) \u1571? \u1570?\u1584?\par\pard\li1799\sb2\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3181\tx5207\tx7684\tx8323\tx9839\tx10247 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 "E D \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1585? * G: ) \u1608? )H#\u1575? B \u1605?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 7 \u1575?\u1608? ) , \u1602?\u1575? IJ\u1575? \u1577?\u1617? 5\u1608? \u1605?> J\u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 /\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 ( \u1575?\u1608? \u1593?\u1585?* \u1575?\u1608?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex58 \u1601? \u1608?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 4:\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-274\slmult0\fi0\tx2419\tx3709\tx3964\tx4612\tx4909\tx8481 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 ": N\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 , \u1606? \u1570?\u1608? "\u1617? \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 /\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 (\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1585? * G: %EO\u1575? \u1617?\u1609? \u1570? C \u1608? \u1576?\u1583?\u1571? \u1608?\u1584? \u1569?>HB \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 : Q/ E ) \u1606? \u1570?\u1608? ": 4 \u1575?\u1608?\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-273\slmult0\fi0\tx2164\tx2697\tx3331\tx6080\tx7362\tx8500\tx8966\tx9719 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 "\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 +\u1608?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 :S \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 :\u1571? \u1606? \u1570?\u1608? ) \u1589?>NJ \u1608? )\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex88 : %\u1570? QU/\u1608? \u1606? \u1617?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 (/\u1608? \u1606?\u1575?\u1617?\u1583?\u1575?*(/\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 , \u1548?\u1611?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 : ) : \u1611? /\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 9\u1608? "B CD \u1575?\par\pard\li1799\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx1972\tx2869\tx3177\tx3527\tx3854\tx3969\tx4295\tx4977\tx6013\tx6244\tx7939\tx8611\tx9436\tx10189 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1611?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 (\u1570? \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 8(\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex60 , %C4 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 : "C4\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1570? \u1606?\u1571? \u1607? \u1570?\u1608?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 \u1607?*,\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex77 9 ) \u1606?*C\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 ( \u1575?\u1608? )\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex100 E\u1571?\par\pard\ql \li9657\sb1\sl-249\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex86 )(D W \u1607?

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop4272\shpright4679\shpbottom4292\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz80\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg14}{\bkmkend Pg14}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 16\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and promises the guarantee of the Caliph that no harm should befall him for any freedom \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 of speech in discussing the merits of thei

r respective faiths. The reply of Al Kindy is \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 introduced thus:\u8212? \par\pard\ql \li4660\sb3\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs22 And the Christian answered him: \par\pard\ql \li4027\sb247\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 IN THE NAME OF GOD MOST MERCIFUL! \par\pard\ql \li3897\ri3715\sb242\sl-260\slmult0\tx4699 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs22 O Lord, make my task easy: let it not be hard: and \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 fulfil the same with thy blessing. \par\pard\qj \li2519\ri2334\sb240\sl-260\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 To N\u8212?, son of N\u8212?, from M\u8212?, son of M\u8212?, the least of the servants of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 the Messiah. Peace, Mercy, and Grace be upon thee, and upon all Mankind! \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Amen. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb267\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 And thereupon he goes on at once to take up his friend\u8217?s arguments, point by point. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The Moslem\u8217?s letter occupies only 23 of the 165 pages of the printed edition; Al \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Kindy\u8217?s reply the remaining 142. While our Apologist speaks respectfully of the person \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 of Mahomet, he vigorously denounces his claims as a prophet, and attacks the whole \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 system of Islam with uncompromising severity. The latter part of the Apology is devoted \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to the proofs of Christianity, and to our Saviour\u8217?s life and teaching. The reasoning is not, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to our ideas, uniformly sound; nor are the statements (throughout deeply tinged with the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Alyite and Abbasside tendencies of the day), especially those connected with the life of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the Prophet and the early Caliphate, always accurate. But, upon the whole, the argument \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 is conceived with great ability and force, and the language throughout is flowing, rich, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and eloquent. Many passages, in particular the philippic on Jehâd \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg15}{\bkmkend Pg15}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 17\par\pard\ql \li1799\ri1604\sb254\sl-280\slmult0\tx2519 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (Religious Warfare) and Martyrdom, are singularly powerful and impassioned. It is clear \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 that the Apology can have proceeded from the pen of no ordinary scholar. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 There is no doubt that this book is substantially the same as that referred to by Al \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Bîrûni. At page 25 will be found the passage quoted by him as noticed at the beginning of \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 this paper. Our Apologist there writes:\u8212? \par\pard\qj \li2519\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2519\ri2336\sb10\sl-253\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 We know from the Book of Genesis that Abraham lived with his people \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 four-score years and ten, in the land of Harrân, worshipping none other than Al \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Ozza, an idol famous in that land and adored by the men of Harrân under the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 name of the Moon, which same custom prevails among them to the present day. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 They conceal no part of their ancestral practices, save only the sacrifice of human \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 beings. They cannot now offer up human sacrifices openly; but they practise the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 same in secret.\ul0\super\cf14\f15\fs20 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-270\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1609\sb23\sl-270\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 In the brief Preface given above (P. 14), it will have been observed that the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 correspondence is said to have taken place at the Court of AL MÂMÛN (198-218 A.H.). \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 At the close of the Egyptian MS. is the followin

g note:\u8212? \par\pard\qj \li2519\sb0\sl-250\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2519\ri2340\sb37\sl-250\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 It is related that the subject of these two Epistles reached the ears of Al \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Mâmûn; whereupon he sent for them, and had them both read to him without \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 stopping, \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-149\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb105\sl-149\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf10\f11\fs13 1 \par\pard\ql \li1919\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 I subjoin the original text of the last two sentences:\u8212? \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\fi0\tx2323\tx3249\tx3455\tx3647\tx5615\tx6647\tx7127\tx7290\tx7708\tx8490\tx9196\tx9330\tx10175\tx10310 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 % \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 + \u1605?* \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex50 @\u1617?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex79 (/\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 0 \u1587? \u1575? \u1584? \u1606?X, \u1587? \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 : \u1608? D(/\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 ( \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 7 \u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 I \u1611?Y 5\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 : \u1606?\u1608? (\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 /\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 0\u1608? \u1606?* Z\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 /\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex93 0\par\pard\li8615\sb1\sl-271\slmult0\fi0\tx8971\tx10382 \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex83 \u1575?\u1617?\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex83 \u1606?*C4B , ) , \u1606?* (\tab \up0 \expndtw-10\charscalex83 /

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop7420\shpright4679\shpbottom7440\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz123\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg16}{\bkmkend Pg16}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 18\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li2519\sb0\sl-252\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2519\ri2316\sb25\sl-252\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 from beginning to end. He then declared that he had no ground for interference, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 nor any cause against the Christian Apologist. There are (added the Caliph) two \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 religions\u8212?one for this world, the MAGIAN, following the precepts of Zoroaster; \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the other for the world to come\u8212?the CHRISTIAN, following the precepts of the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Messiah. But the true religion is that of the UNITY, taught by our Master. This \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 verily is the religion which serveth both for this life and for the next.\u8212?Page 165. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb265\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 This note is wanting in the Constantinople MS. It is no doubt an addition to the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Treatise as originally put forth; but of what antiquity and authority there is no ground for \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 saying. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 It is otherwise with the short Preface, which is the same in both MSS., and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 probably formed the Introduction to the Discussion as it at the first appeared. Excepting, \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 however, that it gives the name of the Caliph, this preface adds nothing to what we gather \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 from the contents of the Epistles thems

elves of the personality of the disputants, namely, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 that both lived at the Court of the Caliph; that the Mahometan was the cousin of the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Caliph, a Hâshimite of Abbasside lineage; and that the Christian was a learned man at the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 same Court, of distinguished descent from the tribe of the Beni Kinda, and held in honour \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and regard by Al Mâmûn and his nobles. But the names and further identification of the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 disputants are withheld, from motives of prudence,\u8212?\u8221?in case it might do harm.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1842\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 From the passage in Al Bîrûni, however, it is evident that in his time (390 A.H.) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the Apology was \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg17}{\bkmkend Pg17}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 19\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 currently known under the title, \u8220?The Reply of Abd al Masîh \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Ibn Ishâc \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 al Kindy, to the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Epistle of Abdallah \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 ibn Ismaîl \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 al Hâshimy.\u8221? The epithets Abdallah and Abd al Masîh are \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 of course \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 noms de plume. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 It is possible that the other names (in italics) are so also;\u8212?Isaac \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and Ishmael symbolising, under their respective Patriarchs, the Christian and Moslem \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 antagonists. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Whether this be so or no, the name of \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Ibn Ishâc al Kindy \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 has occasioned the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 surmise in some quarters that our Apologist was the same as the famous \u8220?Philosopher of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Islam,\u8221? Abu Yûsuf ibn Ishâc al Kindy, who also flourished at the Court of Mâmûn and \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 his Successor. There can, however, be little or no doubt that the famous Al Kindy was a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Mahometan by profession. As a \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Failsûf, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 or philosopher, he was, it may be, not a very \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 orthodox professor; but, at any rate, there is no reason to suppose that he had any leaning \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 towards Christianity: on the contrary (as we shall see below), he wrote a treatise to refute \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the doctrine of the Trinity. The father of this Ibn Ishâc, or his grandfather, was governor \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of Kûfa, a post that, in point of fact, could be held by none other than a Mahometan; and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Al Asháth, the renowned chief of the Beni Kinda, who was converted in the time of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Mahomet, and married Abu Bekr\u8217?s sister, is said to have been his ancestor; whereas our \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Apologist glories in his Christian ancestry. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1671\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 On the Philosopher Al Kindy, de Sacy gives us an interesting note. After showing \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 that D\u8217?Herbelot \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg18}{\bkmkend Pg18}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 20\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 was mistaken in calling him a Jew,\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and citing the authority of Abul Faraj and Ibn Abi \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Oseiba for regarding him as a Mussulman, he mentions three considerations which might \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 be urged against this view. \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 First: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 In t

he catalogue of his writings there is none relating to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the Coran or to Islam. \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Second: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Al Kindy was one of the translators of Aristotle, familiar \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 with Greek and Syriac; and men of that stamp were mostly Christians. \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Third: \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 In the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8220?Bibliothèque Impériale\u8221? there is a MS. (257), entitled, \u8220?A Defence of the Christian \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Religion\u8221? (apparently identical with our Apology), written in Syriac characters, but in the \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Arabic language, the author of which is named \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Yácub Kindi. \par\pard\qj \li2519\sb0\sl-252\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2519\ri2334\sb32\sl-252\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 Of these objections (continues de Sacy) the last alone merits attention; \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 but it may be met by these counter-considerations. In the preface the author is not \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 named. The work is only said to have been written by a person attached to the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 court of Al Mâmûn a Christian of Kindian descent. It is called \u8220?The Treatise of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Al Kendy, \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs22 the Jacobite.\ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 \u8221?\ul0\super\cf14\f15\fs20 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 It is most likely by a misunderstanding, or with the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 view of increasing thereby the value of the work, that it has been ascribed to the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 authorship of Yácûb Kindy. This suspicion acquires greater force, as in the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 catalogue of Syrian writers, written by Ebed Jesu, we find a certain Kendi named \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 as the author of a religious \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb37\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 On this, see notes in Slane\u8217?s\u8221? Ibn Khallicân,\u8221? vol. i. pp. xxvii. and 355. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1590\sb50\sl-230\slmult0\tx2222 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2 \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 *74 \u1575? \u1609? \u1575? \u1576? (\u1570?\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 . \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 This, of course, is a mistake, as our Apologist was a staunch Nestorian. There may \line\up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 have been some other Kendy a Jacobite; or rather the epithet \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 ibn Yácûb \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 has been so misunderstood and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 misapplied.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6619\shpright4679\shpbottom6639\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz149\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg19}{\bkmkend Pg19}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 21\par\pard\qj \li2519\sb0\sl-246\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li2519\ri2346\sb36\sl-246\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 treatise; and the Kendi in question\u8212?the same, without doubt, as the writer of our \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Syrian MS. (257), or at least whose name has been assumed as such\u8212?lived, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 according to an historian cited by Assemanus, about 890 A.D. (280 A.H.), a date \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to which it is little likely that Yacub Kendi survived. .

. \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 . For the rest we may \par\pard\qj \li2519\ri2327\sb9\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 suppose that Kendi, in pursuit of his philosophical studies, had embraced \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 opinions opposed to Mahometan orthodoxy, and that this led to his faith being \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 suspected\u8212?a thing which has occurred to many Christian philosophers, and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 among the Jews happened to the famous Maimonides.\ul0\super\cf14\f15\fs20 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb265\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 But this \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Kendi \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 mentioned by Ebed Jesu, whoever he was, could not possibly have \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 been our Apologist, for he flourished towards the end of the third century of the Hegira, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 whereas the Apology (as I hope to establish below) was certainly written during the reign \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of Al Mâmûn, near the beginning of that century. The passage from Assemanus, referred \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 to by de Sacy, consists of a note on chapter cxlii. of Ebed Jesu\u8217?s Catalogue (in Syriac \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 verse) of Christian authors. The verse and note are as follow:\u8212? \par\pard\ql \li3239\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li3239\sb10\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 [VERSE.]\u8212? \ul0\nosupersub\cf17\f18\fs22 CANDIUS fecit ingens volumen Disputationis et Fidei. \par\pard\qj \li2519\ri2346\sb67\sl-253\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 [NOTE.]\u8212? Candius, \ul0\nosupersub\cf16\f17\fs28 \u1575? \u1570? \u1575?\ul0\nosupersub\cf18\f19\fs22 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 Ebn Canda, hoc est Candiae filius; who \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 flourished under the Nestorian Patriarch Joannes IV., A.D. 893. Others refer the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 authorship to Abu Yûsuf Yâcûb ibn Ishâc al Kindi; but he, according to Pocock \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and Abul Faraj, was a Mahometan. . . \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 . But the Candius whom Ebed Jesu \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb7\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 mentions was a \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb36\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Relation de L\u8217?Égypte par Abd Allatíf,\u8221? by M..de Sacy. Paris, 1810, p. 487.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop7675\shpright4679\shpbottom7695\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz146\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg20}{\bkmkend Pg20}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 22\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\ql \li2519\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2519\sb23\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 Nestorian, not a Mahometan, and wrote in the Syrian language, not in Arabic.\ul0\super\cf14\f15\fs20 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1601\sb268\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 If any doubts were entertained of the religious principles of Ibn Ishâc al Kindy, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 they must be set at rest by the fact that he wrote a treatise to disprove the doctrine of the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Trinity. It was answered by Yahya ibn Adî, a Jacobite writer, whose pamphlet appears as \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 No. 108 in Steinschneider\u8217?s list.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24

The same is in the Vatican Library (Codex, 127, f. 88), \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and was kindly copied out for me by Prof. Ign. Guidi. In this tract, the attack of Ibn Ishâc \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 is quoted and replied to passage by passage; and the tenor of the writing leaves no doubt \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the antagonism of the writer to Christianity. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri2518\sb18\sl-260\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 On all these grounds, we must clearly look for the author of our Apology \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 elsewhere.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 But before doing \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1627\sb55\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Bibliotheca Orientalis,\u8221? Assemani, A.D. 1725, vol. iii. p. 213. The assumption that he wrote in Syriac is \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 unfounded. But the treatise was probably translated into that language, as well as transliterated from the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 original into Syriac writing. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Pol. und Apolog. Literatur in Arab. Sprache,\u8221? Leipzig, 1877, p. 126. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1642\sb0\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Those who care to prosecute the inquiry further, will find an elaborate article on \u8220?Al Kindi der Philosoph \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 der Araber,\u8221? \u8220?Ein Vorbild seiner Zeit und seiner Volkes,\u8221? by Dr. G. Flügel, Leipzig, 1857. The paper is \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 founded mainly on the authority of Ibn Abi Oseiba and Ibn Kufti, and is learned and exhaustive. A curious \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 astrological treatise by the same Al Kindy is given by Dr. Otto Loth, p. \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 261, \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u8220?Morgenliindische \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-202\slmult0\tx3916 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Forschungen,\u8221? Leipzig, \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 1875. The cycles of Arabian history are there ascribed to astronomical \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1645\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 conjunctions, and the essay closes with a prophecy of the eventual ascendancy of Islam over all other \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 faiths. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1598\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 There is also a short article with an exhaustive list of Ibn Ishâc\u8217?s works, by Ibn Joljol, the Spanish writer, in \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the \u8220?Bibliotheca Escurialensis,\u8221? Casiri, Matriti, A.D. 1760, vol. i. P. 357.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop4872\shpright4679\shpbottom4892\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz97\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg21}{\bkmkend Pg21}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 23\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1614\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 so, it may be expedient to notice the conjecture of de Sacy, that the Apology may have \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 been ascribed to Ibn Ishâc al Kindy, either by a misunderstanding, or as a pious fraud \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 with the view of gaining for it greater celebrity and weight. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1600\sb6\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 As to the supposed misunderstanding, it seems doubtful whether, in reality, the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex

103 Apology ever was so ascribed, excepting as a mere conjecture in modern times. The \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 misunderstanding, whatever it may have been, has arisen apparently from the similarity \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of name and tribe, as given in the quotation by Al Bîrûni. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb6\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The notion that, with the view of gaining greater weight, a paper purporting to be \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in refutation of Islam and establishment of Christianity, should have been ascribed to a \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mahometan philosopher, will hardly, I think, be seriously held. What possible advantage \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 could have been expected from an attempt to palm off a polemical work of the kind on an \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 enemy of the Christian faith,\u8212?a writer, moreover, who had himself attacked one of its \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 cardinal doctrines? There is, besides, no trace in the Apology itself of any design to rest \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 upon the authority of a great name. The author\u8217?s identity, as we have seen, is carefully \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 suppressed. The only thing common to the \u8220?Philosopher\u8221? and the Author, which appears \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 throughout the work, is that both were learned, and both went by the tribal title of \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Al \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Kindy; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 but that tribe was surely \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg22}{\bkmkend Pg22}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 24\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 numerous and distinguished enough to produce more than one man of letters and noble \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 birth at the court of Al Mâmûn.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Leaving now the \u8220?Philosopher,\u8221? we way proceed, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 therefore, to consider the internal evidence furnished by the book itself of its age and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 authorship. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb5\sl-274\slmult0\fi648 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 I have said that the name of Al Mâmûn, though given in the Preface, occurs \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 nowhere in the Epistles themselves. But the manner in which the Caliph is throughout \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 referred to in both, accords entirely with the assumption that they were written at his \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 court. He is spoken of as the paternal cousin of the Moslem writer; his just and tolerant \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 sway is repeatedly acknowledged by Al Kindy; the descent of the dynasty from the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 family of Mahomet is over and again referred to, and our Author prays that the Empire \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 may long be perpetuated in his Patron\u8217?s line. All this is, perfectly natural, and in entire \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 consistency with the ascription of the work to a courtier in the reign of Al Mâmûn. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi648 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Not less remarkable are the propriety and accuracy of all the historical notices. For \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 example, when tracing the fate of the four Exemplars of the Coran deposited by Othmân \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in the chief cities of the Empire, our Apologist tells us that the copy at Medina \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 disappeared in \u8220?the reign of terror, that is, in the days of Yezîd ibn Muâvia\u8221?; and that the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 manuscript of Mecca was lost or burnt in the sack of that city by Abu Sarâya, \u8220?the \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 last \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 attack \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 made upon the Káaba.\u8221? \ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 This is exactly what a person writing \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See Preface, \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 supra, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 p. 6. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz126\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg23}{\bkmkend Pg23}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 25\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 some fifteen years after the event, and in the reign of Al Mâmûn, would say; for the siege \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of Mecca was then, in point of fact, the last which had taken place, under the insurgent, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Abu Sarâya, in the year 200 A.H. Had the Apology been written later on, say in the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 fourth century, the \u8220?latest attack\u8221? on Mecca would not have been that of Abu Sarâya, but \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of Soleimân Abu Tâhir in 317 A.H. So also, in illustrating the rapine and plunder of the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 early Moslem campaigns, Al Kindy mentions, as of a similar predatory and ravaging \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 character, the insurrection of Bâbek Khurramy, and the danger and anxiety it occasioned \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 thereby \u8220?to our lord and master the Commander of the Faithful.\u8221? This rebellious leader, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 as we know, had raised the standard of revolt in Persia and Armenia some years before, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 routed an army of the Caliph, and long maintained himself in opposition to the imperial \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 forces; and the notice, as one of an impending danger then occupying men\u8217?s minds, is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 precisely of a kind which would be natural and apposite at the assumed time, and at no \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 other.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Once more, in challenging his friend to produce a single prophecy which had been \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fulfilled since the era of Mahomet, he specifies the time that had elapsed as \u8220?a little over \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 200 years,\u8221? and uses the precise expression to denote the period, which one would expect \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 from the pen of a person writing about the era, \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb101\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx5438 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Page 47. The name is erroneously printed\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 :[D \u1575? Z\u1575?\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 . But there can be no doubt that Bibek Khurramy\par\pard\li1799\sb10\sl-276\slmult0\fi144\tx2759 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 : N\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 is the correct reading.

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p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg24}{\bkmkend Pg24}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 26\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 215 A.H., when we assume the work to have been written.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 While the incidental \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 references to dates and historical facts are thus in exact and happy keeping with the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 professed age of the work, there is throughout not a single anachronism or forced and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 unnatural allusion,\u8212?which in a person writing at a later period, and travelling over so \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 large a field, would hardly have been possible. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb0\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Still more striking are the aptness and propriety of the political allusions. These \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 are, in the strictest affinity, not only with the traditions of an Abbasside dynasty, but of a \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 court which had become partisan of the Alyite faction, which freely admitted Motázelite \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 or latitudinarian sentiments, and which had shortly before declared the Coran to be \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 created and not eternal. The Omeyyad race are spoken of with virulent reprobation; the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 time of Yezîd is named the \u8220?reign of terror\u8221?; and Hajjâj, with his tyranny and the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 imputation of his having corrupted the Coran, is referred to just in the bitter terms current \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 at the time. Abu Bekr, Omar, and Othmân are treated as usurpers of the Divine right of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 succession which (it is implied) vested in Ali. I need hardly point out how naturally all \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 this accords with the sentiments \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb247\sl-276\slmult0\tx2870\tx4151 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 \\9* \u1575? \u1584? \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex109 : \\H: 9 " \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 (# :\u1608? ] W \u1607? \u1606?O\ul0\nosupersub\cf19\f20\fs28 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The words imply \u8220?two hundred and odd years,\u8221? or a little \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 over 200. The edict against the dogma of the eternity of the Coran was issued, I think, about the year 211 or \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 212 A.H., and our Discussion took place probably a year or two later, say 215 A.H.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5995\shpright4679\shpbottom6015\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz105\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg25}{\bkmkend Pg25}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 27\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 predominating at the Court of Al Mâmûn; but which certainly would not have been \up0

\expndtw-3\charscalex100 tolerated some forty or fifty years later.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb3\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The freedom of our Author\u8217?s treatment of Islam would have been permitted at \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 none but the most latitudinarian court. He casts aside the prophetical claims of Mahomet, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 censures some of his actions in the strongest language, reprobates the ordinances of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Islam, especially those relating to women, and condemns Jehâd with scathing \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 denunciation. It is difficult to conceive how such plain-speaking was tolerated even at the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 court of Al Mâmûn; at any other, the Apology would have had small chance of seeing the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 light, or the writer of escaping with his head upon his shoulders. That the work did (as we \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 know) gain currency can only have been due to its appearance at this particular era. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 These remarks apply with very special force to the section on the Coran, since it \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 seems highly probable that the Apology was written shortly after the famous edict of Al \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Mâmûn which denied the eternal existence of the Moslem Scripture. The composition of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the Coran is assailed by our Author in the most incisive style. First, a Christian monk \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 inspired it, and then Rabbis interpolated it with Jewish tales and puerilities. It was \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 collected in a loose and haphazard way. Besides the authorised edition imposed by the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 tyranny of Othmân \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb36\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See my Rede Lecture on the \u8220?Early Caliphate,\u8221? Smith & Elder, 1881, p. 21.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz113\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg26}{\bkmkend Pg26}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 28\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (and subsequently depraved by Hajjâj),\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8212?Ali, Obey ibn Káb, and Ibn Masûd, had each \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 their separate exemplars. Having been compiled, if not in part composed, by different \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 hands, and thrown unsystematically together, the text is alleged to be in consequence full \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of contradictions, incoherencies, and senseless passages. A great deal of this section was, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 no doubt, very similar to the kind of arguments held, though, of course, in less \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 irreverential language, by the rationalistic Motázelites of the day, and favoured by Al \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mâmûn. For we know that it was after a hot and prolonged discussion that the Coran was \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 proclaimed by Al Mâmûn to be created. It is therefore altogether in accord with the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 probabilities of the case that this particular phase of

the argument should have been (as \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 we actually find it) treated by our Author at great length and with a profusion of tradition \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 possessing little authority, although popular in that day,\u8212?a kind of rank mushroom \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 growth springing out of Abbasside faction and forced by its success. The tables were \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 soon turned on this free-thinking generation, who in their turn suffered severe \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 persecution; and never before or afterwards did such an opportunity occur, as our \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Apologist enjoyed, under the very shadow of \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-233\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1603\sb27\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The action of Al Hajjâj (who has been sufficiently misrepresented and abused by the Abbasside faction) \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 appears to have been mainly confined to certain additions in the way of diacritical marks. See Slane\u8217?s \u8220?Ibn \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 KhaIlikân,\u8221? vol. i. p. 359, and note 14, p. 364. But it was natural, at an Abbasside Court, to vilify that great, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 but stern and cruel, Viceroy of the Omeyyads.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5995\shpright4679\shpbottom6015\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz105\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg27}{\bkmkend Pg27}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 29\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a Caliph\u8217?s court, to argue out his case with his enemy\u8217?s weapons ready to his hand. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb4\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Al Kindy makes a strong point of the hypocrisy of the Jews and Bedouins who \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 lived at the rise of Islam, their superficial conversion, and the sordid and worldly motives \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 by which, when the great Apostasy followed immediately on the Prophet\u8217?s death, they \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 were brought back to Islam, \u8220?some by fear and the sword, some tempted by power and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 wealth, others drawn by the lusts and pleasures of this life.\u8221? It was just the same, he said, \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 with the Jews and Magians of the present day. And to make good his point he proceeds to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 quote from a speech of the Caliph, made in one of the assemblies which he was in the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 habit of holding. The passage is so remarkable, and so illustrative of the character of Al \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Mâmûn, that, at the risk of lengthening my paper, I give it here in full:\u8212? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb245\sl-300\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 And I doubt not but (the Lord bless thee, my Friend!) thou rememberest that \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 which passed at an assembly of the Commander of the Faithful, to \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 SPEECH OF AL \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-251\slmult0\tx8999 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 whom it had been related in respect of one of his Courtiers that, though \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 MÂMÛN. \par\pard\ql \li1799\ri1605\sb11\sl-273\slmult0\tx2519 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupers

ub\cf1\f2\fs24 outwardly a Moslem, he was at heart a reprobate Magian: whereupon the Caliph \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 delivered himself (as I have been informed) in the following terms:\u8212? \line \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8220?By the Lord! I well know that one and another (and here the Caliph named a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 whole company of his Councillors), though professing Islam, are really free from the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 same; they do it to be seen of me; while their convictions, I am well aware, are just the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 opposite of that which they profess. They belong to a class who embrace Islam, not from \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 any love of this our religion, but thinking thereby to gain \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg28}{\bkmkend Pg28}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 30\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 access to my Court, and share in the honour, wealth, and power of the Realm; they have \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 no inward persuasion of that which they outwardly profess. Truly their case, to my mind, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 resembleth the too common one of the Jews, who, when Islam was promulgated, held by \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 the Tourât and the Law of Moses. And, indeed, I know of one and another (here the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Caliph named a whole band of his Courtiers) who were Christians, and embraced Islam \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 unwillingly. They are neither Moslems nor Christians, but impostors. And how shall I \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 deal with all these, seeing that the curse of God is upon them all? When others of them \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 abandoned the Magian religion (the vilest and most abominable of all religions), it was \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 incumbent on these to have held firmly by the new religion which they embraced, instead \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of by that which they left only in appearance and hypocrisy; and so likewise, with those \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 who abandoned the Christian faith (the most amenable of all religions to the effulgence of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Islam and the truth of its creed). But herein I have the example and precedent of the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Prophet (on whom be blessing!\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ). For there were many of his Companions, and familiars, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and near of kin who professed to follow him and be his helpers; whilst he (on whom be \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 blessing!) knew well enough that they were all the time hypocrites, opposed at heart to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 what they outwardly professed. These ceased not to study evil, and to plot, to seek his \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fall, and to assist the Idolaters against him; insomuch that a company of them lay in wait \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 at a certain pass to affright his mule, so that it might throw him, and he be killed. But the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Lord delivered and protected him from their snares, and the evil they thought to visit him \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 with. Not-\par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1593\sb14\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 This pious salutation at mention of the Prophet, universal among the Mahometans, occurs only here in \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the Caliph\u8217?s address, and not in any other part of the Apology.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop7377\shpright4679\shpbottom7397\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz126\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}

{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg29}{\bkmkend Pg29}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 31\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 withstanding, he intreated them courteously to the end, even until the Lord took his spirit \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 unto himself. Thus he guarded himself by kindness and courtesy against their \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 machinations. Wherefore, it well becometh me that I should follow his example. Then \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 after his death they all apostatised, seeking both outwardly and in their hearts, both in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 secret and in public, to scatter Islam and destroy the empire; until, at the last, the Lord \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 helped the same, and healed the schisms; and that He did by casting into the hearts of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 certain amongst them the lust of empire and love of the world; and so the government \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 was strengthened, and the divisions reconciled, by means of kindness and forbearance. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Thus the Lord fulfilled that which He hath fulfilled for us; and herein, no thanks or praise \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to any but to the Lord alone! Now, therefore, I will no more make mention of that which I \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 have seen and heard in respect of these my Courtiers; but I shall treat them with courtesy \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and forbearance until the Lord decide between us, and \u8216?\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 he is the best of all deciders\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 .\u8217?\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi648 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Now unless my lord, the Commander of the Faithful, had spoken thus openly in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the ears of the nobles at his Council (the Lord exalt the same!), and the tidings thereof \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 had spread, and the present ones had told the absent ones, I had not ventured to make \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 mention of it here. Thou art witness that I have not added one thing thereto. And I only \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 remind thee now (for no long time hath elapsed) of that which passed at this assembly, in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 order to bring up clearly the subject of the great Apostacy, and to show that the people \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 were not reconverted therefrom unto Islam, but through love of the world, and to build up \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 this Empire under which they now live. In proof thereof, if the Lord will, this answer will \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 suffice for \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb53\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Quoted from Sura x. 107[109].

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scalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 32\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 all enlightened persons who may peruse my book.\u8212?Page 66. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb4\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 It may appear strange that the Caliph should have expressed himself in this \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 outspoken way regarding many of his courtiers in a public assembly. But, certainly, the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 sentiments are in entire accord with what we know of the character and principles of Al \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Mâmûn, and also with the social and religious elements prevailing at Merve, where he \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 first assumed the Caliphate, as well as at Baghdad, where he shortly after fixed his court. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 It is difficult to believe that any one would have ventured to fabricate such a speech; or, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 supposing it genuine, that it should have been quoted by other than a contemporaneous \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 writer. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 I proceed to notice what evidence there is in the epistles themselves that the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 disputants were what they profess to have been, that is, persons of some distinction at the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 court of Al Mâmûn. The Apology, it is true, from its antiquity and rhetoric, may well \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 stand upon its own intrinsic merit; but, undoubtedly, the controversy is invested with \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 fresh life and interest when we know that the combatants were not fictitious, but real \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 personages. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 First, as regards \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 the Hâshimite; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 it is conceivable, of course, that he is an \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 imaginary person, set up to be aimed at as the representative of Islam; a mere catspaw, to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 draw forth the Christian\u8217?s argument. This was the surmise of one of the learned Ulema \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 from Constantinople, to whom I showed the book; but his chief reason for so thinking \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 was that the argument for Islam was weakly stated, and that a \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg31}{\bkmkend Pg31}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 33\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 much better case might have been made out.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 In opposition to this view, it may be \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 observed that the personality and character of the Moslem are sustained consistently \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 throughout both epistles. Every notice and allusion is in keeping with his assumed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Hâshimite and Abbasside descent, his relationship to the Caliph, his friendship for our \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Apologist, and the guarantee of freedom and safety obtained by him for the discussion. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 There is besides more than one incident of personal life. Thus we have a curious passage \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 on the use of the Cross, in which Al Kindy reminds his friend that repeatedly in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 circumstances of danger he had used the sign, or ejaculated an appeal to the Cross, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 admitting thus the virtue of the same; and on one of these occasions, he specifies the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 place (Sabât al Medâin) where it occurred. Elsewhere he refers to words used by his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 friend in another discussion about \u8220?the Soul.\u8221? In ridiculing the notion that the name of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Mahomet is written on the heavenly throne, the Christian says that none even of hi

s \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 friend\u8217?s own party held to that conceit. And, again, he apologises for the warmth of his \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 language by reminding his friend that it was \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 he \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 who had begun the controversy.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1611\sb9\sl-270\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 As regards \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Al Kindy \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 himself, his personality transpires throughout the whole \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Apology. With a strong attachment to the Nestorian faith, he ever displays a violent \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 aversion from Jews and Magians, on whom, \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri3146\sb72\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 He also objected to the word \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Qarîb \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (p. 3) as applicable by a Mahometan to a Christian. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See pp. 95, 114, 121, and 129.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz127\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg32}{\bkmkend Pg32}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 34\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 upon all occasions, he bestows the most contumelious epithets. While giving honour to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 the Hâshimites as chief amongst the Coreish, he not the less vaunts the superior and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 kingly dignity of the Beni Kinda, as the blue blood of the Arabs, acknowledged to have \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 been supreme over the whole Peninsula; and he apologises from his own standpoint as an \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Ishmaelite, whenever the argument leads him to prefer the lineage of Isaac to that of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Ishmael. The repeated assertion of his own learning, experience, and knowledge of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 mankind and of the various systems of religion and philosophy, is also in keeping with \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 the vein of conscious superiority, tinged with a slight spice of vanity, which runs \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 throughout the Apology. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Add to this that, amidst much that is crude in our view, and even illogical, the \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 work is characterised throughout by a singular command of the Arabic language, and that \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the argument rises at times,\u8212?as in the passage on Jehâd and Martyrdom,\u8212?to a high pitch \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 of impassioned eloquence, and it must be evident that the writer was a man of remarkable \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 learning and attainments. The Apologist, therefore, could have been no obscure \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 individual. There seems not any ground whatever for doubting that he was in reality what \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 he professes naturally and consistently throughout the Apology to be, a scion of the noble \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Kinda tribe, belonging further to a branch which had clung unwaveringly to their \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ancestral faith. For the suspicion of a pious frau

d in the assumption of that character, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 there is not, so far as I can see, any reasonable ground \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg33}{\bkmkend Pg33}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 35\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 whatever; nor (even if internal evidence admitted the hypothesis) would there have been \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 any sensible advantage in adopting that position. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb3\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 To sum up, then; I hold that the work may take its stand, on internal evidence, as a \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 composition certainly of the era at which it professes to have been written. Further, there \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 is the strongest probability, amounting almost to certainty, that it is the genuine \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 production of a learned Christian, a man of distinction at the court of Al Mânûn bearing \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the tribal title of \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Al Kindy. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 And still further, there is a fair presumption that the Apology \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 was written as a reply to the Appeal which is prefixed to the Apology,\u8212?an apology \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 addressed \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 bonâ fide \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 to his friend by the Moslem Abdallah al Hâshimy, the Caliph\u8217?s \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 cousin. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb0\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 There are good grounds for this belief apart altogether from the evidence of Al \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Bîrûni. But that evidence, as we have seen, is conclusive of the fact that the work was \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 current in the fourth century of the Hégira, and that it was so under a title corresponding \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 with the account of the authorship as recited in the brief Preface to the Apology. Al \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Bîrûni\u8217?s testimony is, to my mind, chiefly valuable as serving to remove a doubt which \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 must occur to the most casual reader; and that is, whether any one could have dared, at \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the Metropolis of Islam, to put forth a production written in so fearless and trenchant a \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 spirit against Islam; and whether, this having been done, the obnoxious treatise would not \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 have been immediately suppressed. Religion and the civil power are, in the Mahometan \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 system, so welded together, that the \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg34}{\bkmkend Pg34}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 36\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Iæsa Majestas \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of the State is ever ready to treat an attack on Islam as high treason of an \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 unpardonable stamp. But the evidence of Al Bîrûni shows that, having survived, our \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Apology was actually in circulation, in a Mahometan country, a century and a half after \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the time, it which it first appeared. This is almost a greater marvel than that it should even \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 have been written in the first instance; for, under the tolerant sway of the free-thinking Al \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Mâmûn, that was possible, which a few years later would have been utterly impossible. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 And one may be very certain that, when orthodox views again prevailed, every effort \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 would be made to suppress and exterminate an Apology, obnoxious not only for its attack \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 on the religion of the State, but also for the political sentiments therein advocated as to \line \up0 \

expndtw0\charscalex100 the divine right of Ali, the usurpation of Abu Bekr, and the manner in which the Coran \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 was compiled. But the work had in all likelihood, from its intrinsic excellence, already so \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 spread during the reign of Al Mâmûn and his immediate successors (who shared his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Motázelite views), that its entire suppression became, no doubt on that account, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 impossible. And so copies survived, although stealthily, here and there in Mahometan \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 countries. But why this remarkable book was not better known and valued in Christian \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 countries, is very strange,\u8212?indeed, to my mind, altogether unaccountable. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Admitting all that has been advanced, it will still remain a question of rare interest \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 who this unknown \u8220?Al Kindy, the Christian,\u8221? was. In a letter from \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg35}{\bkmkend Pg35}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4603\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ITS AGE AND AUTHORSHIP\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 37\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Dr. Steinschneider to Professor Loth, a suggestion is thrown out which might possibly \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 lead to the identification of our Author. The trace is there given of a \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Eustathius Al Kindy, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 mentioned among other Christian and Jewish names by Casiri in his Bibliotheca Arabica, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 as one of the translators of Aristotle, or copyists of Greek works. May this not have been \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 our Apologist?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Further inquiry in this, or some other similar direction, might possibly throw more \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 certain light on the authorship of our Apology. Other MSS. of the same, whether in the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 East or in our European libraries, might also with advantage be compared with the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 printed version so as to elucidate the purity of the text, and especially of such passages as \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 appear to be imperfect or obscure in the MSS. from which this edition was printed.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2 \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb1\sl-232\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The inquiry is not unworthy the attention of the \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb73\sl-230\slmult0\fi0\tx6455\tx7535 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Dr. Steinschneider\u8217?s letter will be found at page\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 315 of the\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?Zeitschrift der Morgenländischen\par\pard\li1799\sb41\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx7843\tx9302 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Gesellschaft,\u8221? vol. xxix. The passage referred to in Casiri is as follows: \u8212?\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 \u1601?\u1608? \u1575? W \u1607?\u1608?\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u1578? \u1617?\u1607?0J\u1575? \u1576? (\u1570?\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-205\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u1579? ` C7\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 \u1609? \u1575?\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Bibliotheca Arab. Hisp. Michaelis Casiri,\u8221? \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Matrili, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 A.D. 1760, vol i. p. 310. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb15\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 There is the MS. in Paris referred to by de Sacy as. No. 257 of the \u8220?Bibliothèque Orientale.\u8221? And there is \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 also that mentioned by Steinschneider, No. 112, \u8220?Kindi, Jacob? Vertheidigung der Christlichen Religion \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 gegen den Islam, in Karschunischen MSS.\u8221? See his \u8220?Polemische und Apologetische Literatur in Arabischer \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Sprache,\u

8221? Leipzig, 1877, p. 131. In this last, the letter of al Hâshimy (we are told) is given in an abridged \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 form.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop4891\shpright4679\shpbottom4911\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz98\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg36}{\bkmkend Pg36}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 38\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 most eminent of our Oriental scholars. The Apology is absolutely unique of its kind. In \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 antiquity, daring, rhetoric and power, we have nothing in the annals of the Mahometan \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 controversy at all approaching it. And any research that might throw light upon the origin \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 of the argument, the life and circumstances of our Author, the authenticity of the work, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 and the genuineness of the text handed down to us, must possess not only a literary \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 interest, but in some respects a practical and important bearing on the same struggle, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 which is being waged to-day, as engaged the labours of Abdallah the Hâshimite and Abd \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 al Masîh Al Kindy, the Christian, in the days of Al Mâmûn. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1598\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 I have to express my acknowledgments to Prof. Ignatius Guidi of Rome, to Dr. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Fritz Hommel of München, and to Dr. Steinschneider of Berlin, for their very kind \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 assistance in the prosecution of this inquiry. To the first, I feel specially grateful for his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 goodness in copying out for me the entire controversy in which Abu Yûsuf al Kindy \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 appears as an opponent of the doctrine of the Trinity. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg37}{\bkmkend Pg37}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\ql \li2596\sb0\sl-598\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2596\sb48\sl-598\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex95 \ul0\nosupersub\cf20\f21\fs52 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY \par\pard\ql \li5207\sb0\sl-253\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li5207\sb34\sl-253\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf13\f14\fs22 IN REPLY TO THE \par\pard\ql \li3844\sb268\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 LETTER OF ABDALLAH THE HÂSHIMITE \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-260\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1610\sb38\sl-260\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 THE letter of the Mahometan Advocate opens with the salutation of peace and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 mercy. This, which is unusual with Mahometans when addressing Infidels, he justifies by \par\pard\li1799\sb20\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx8731\tx9551\tx10051 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the example of the Prophet, who made no difference, as to his style of\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Letter\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 THE\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-265\slmult0\tx8731 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 address, between \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Zimmies \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (protected Jews and Christians) and true \tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 HÂSHIMITE to Al \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-234\slmult0\tx8731 \dn4 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Believers.\u

l0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 He then speaks of the esteem in which Al Kindy was held \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Kindy (pp. 2-23). \par\pard\ql \li1799\ri1607\sb52\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 by the Caliph, his cousin, and of his own warm regard for him. He dwells on his friend\u8217?s \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 noble birth, and expresses admiration for his distinguished piety, culture, and learning. It \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 was in full accord with the teaching of the Prophet that he now invited him to embrace \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Islam, and discuss in a kindly and gracious spirit the merits of their respective creeds.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 He was himself familiar with Christianity in all its forms. He had read the Jewish and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Christian Scriptures, the several books of which he \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb32\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See, for example, Mahomet\u8217?s epistle to John ibn Rûbah, the Christian Chief of Aylah, \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 p. 457. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1640\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 He quotes Sura xxix. 46, \u8220?Dispute not with the people of the Book otherwise than in the most gracious \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 manner.\u8221?

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6297\shpright4679\shpbottom6317\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz109\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg38}{\bkmkend Pg38}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 40\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1601\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 names in order. He was acquainted with the tenets of the different Sects,\u8212?the \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Melchite, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 belonging to the Romish Church; the \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Jacobite, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 whom he denounces as the most \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 unreasonable of the schismatics; and the \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Nestorian, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 to which body his friend was \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 attached, and which he describes in favourable terms; for it was the Nestorian branch of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 the church which was known to Mahomet, and praised by him in the Coran. He was \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 familiar with the rites, prayers, fasts, and festivals of the various churches; and had not \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 only visited their convents and holy places, but had held discussions with their bishops, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 priests, and learned men. He was not of the vulgar herd, which heaped abuse \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 indiscriminately on all Christians. Conversant with their sects and doctrines, he could \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 appreciate what was good in them. He was thus in a position to call upon his friend to \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 renounce the errors of his creed, and embrace the grand Catholic faith of Abraham, their \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 common ancestor, with all the attendant blessings of Islam. He then recounts the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 ordinances and o

bligations of the Mahometan religion, as prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Jehâd; dwells on the delights of Paradise that were open to his friend, and warns him to \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 escape the pains of Hell\u8212?supporting his appeal by numerous quotations from the Coran. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 He had only to embrace the true faith, and he would at once enter on his proper rank and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 dignity at court, and share in all the good things of Islam, both in this life and the next. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Among the former he mentions the privilege of marrying four wives (liable to divorce if \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 they did not please him) and slave-girls. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg39}{\bkmkend Pg39}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li5231\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5231\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5231\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE TRINITY.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 41\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1738\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 He closes with an affectionate appeal; and if he should, notwithstanding, choose to hold \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 by the Christian faith, urges him to answer his epistle without fear or favour, under royal \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 guarantee obtained from the Caliph himself, of absolute security. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1613\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The Apology of Al Kindy begins with a complimentary address, in which he \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 expresses gratitude for the interest shown in his welfare, and an assurance of lasting\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8889\colsr110\colno2\colw3101\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb3\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 friendship. He offers a prayer for the long life and prosperity of the\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb3\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Caliph, whose favour he acknowledges with gratitude beyond his power \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 adequately to express. Then follows a petition for help and guidance \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 from Him who had promised that, when His servants were brought\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb63\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 REPLY of AL\par\pard\ql \li20\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 KINDY.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1686\sb1\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Introduction (pp. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 24, 25). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1610\sb19\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 before kings and governors, it should be given them in that self-same hour what they \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 shall speak, &c. (quoting Matthew x. 18,19). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb4\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The first Section is devoted to a defence of the doctrine of the Trinity, in which \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the argument is, to our apprehension, often weak and far-fetched. His \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The Trinity (25-\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-255\slmult0\tx8999 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 friend had invited him to embrace the Catholic, or \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Hanyfite, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 faith of \tab \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 41). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1601\sb29\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Abraham, their common father. Our Apologist answers that the Hanyfite faith was in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 reality the idolatrous religion of the Sabeans, which the patriarch professed before his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 conversion to the worship of the One true God. \u8220?Which of these two religions of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Abraham,\u8221? he asks,\u8221?am I to adopt? If it be the Unity, I reply that the revelation thereof \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 made to Abraham was inherited by Isaac, not by Ishmael, and \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg40}{\bkmkend Pg40}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 42\tab \up0 \expndtw

-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 descended in the line not of the Arabs, but of the Israelites; and it is for them, and not for \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 you, to invite me to the same.\u8221? After adducing certain metaphysical arguments in favour \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of the Trinity, he quotes largely from the books of the Old Testament to show that the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 mystery, though not fully unfolded until the advent of Christ, was plainly foreshadowed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 in the Jewish Scriptures. He asserts that the Trinity, as well as the Sonship of the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Messiah, are misrepresented in the Coran, and that the notion of a Female element in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Godhead was borrowed by Mahomet from the Jews. He denies that, as stated in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Coran, Christians hold that \u8220?God is one of Three,\u8221? or that \u8220?there are three Gods\u8221?\u8212?an \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 accusation resting on the heretical dogmas of sects like the Marcionites, \u8220?ignorant dogs,\u8221? \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 who did not deserve even the name of Christian; and he appeals to his friend\u8217?s intimate \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 knowledge to bear him out in his assertion of the true doctrine held by the Church, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 namely, that there is \u8220?One God in three Persons.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Our Author is here profuse in quotation from the Old Testament. For example, he \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 refers to the substitution of the ram for Isaac; the revelation of Jehovah as \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 I am that I am; \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob\u8221?; the use of the plural number in such \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 passages as, \u8220?Let Us go down,\u8221? which, he argues, was, according to Hebrew usage, not \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 honorific, but based on the mystery of trinity in unity; the three angels who visited \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Abraham; \u8220?The Lord thy God is one Lord\u8221?; \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \u8220?God \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 made the heavens, by his \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Word, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 his \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Breath\u8221? \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (Ps. xxxiii. 6); the Ter-\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg41}{\bkmkend Pg41}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4267\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4267\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4267\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 MAHOMET\u8217?S PROPHETIC CLAIM.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 43\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 sanctus of Isaiah, &c. Our Apologist \u8220?could rain down showers of similar evidence, if it \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 were not to make his book prolix and wearisome.\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Our Author now addresses himself to his friend\u8217?s appeal. Of the person of\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8976\colsr110\colno2\colw3014\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb12\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Mahomet, connected as Al Hâshimy was by descent with that illustrious\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb4\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 personage, he would not say one offensive word.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 But his claim to be a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 prophet stood on different ground, and was open to challenge. The \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 summons to believe, coming from any but a tyrant, must be based on \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 reason sufficient to carry conviction. He would therefore discuss the\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb148\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Mahomet\u8217?s\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1631\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 prophetic claim \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 a proper subject \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 for discussion \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (p. 41). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1614\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Prophet\u8217?s career from beginning

to end. It was a worthy controversy, in which party spirit \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 and bigotry might well be put aside. \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-231\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1609\sb30\sl-231\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The reasoning is sometimes curious, as in the recognition of three Persons in \u8220?the God of Abraham, the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.\u8221? Among the passages with the plural number is that from the Book of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Daniel, \u8220?God speaks to thee, O king, saying, \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 To thee \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 WE \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 speak, O Nebuchadnezzar\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ,\u8221?\u8212?not \u8220?I \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 speak\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ,\u8221?\u8212?an \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 expression which I do not trace. Many of Al Kindy\u8217?s arguments will hardly carry conviction, especially the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 metaphysical, though these were probably cast in a polemical mould attractive at the time. But the only \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 argument in this passage as to the propriety of circulating or translating which I have doubts is that in \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 which he asserts the \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Hanyfite \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 religion of Abraham to have been, not the Catholic faith of the Unity (as is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 clearly intended in the Coran), but Sabean idolatry. To support this view, our Author twists texts of the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Coran, as where Mahomet is commanded to say, \u8220?I am the \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 first \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Moslem.\u8221? Mahometan readers will with \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 reason object to such misrepresentation of their Scripture. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Our Author never speaks of the Prophet by name, but generally as \u8220?thy \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Master\u8221? \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (Sâhib).

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop4617\shpright4679\shpbottom4637\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz88\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg42}{\bkmkend Pg42}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 44\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1615\sb254\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 There follows a brief summary of the Prophet\u8217?s career. In early life a poor orphan, \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and an idolater, he was raised to affluence by his marriage with Khadîja. He then sought\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3276\colsr160\colno2\colw8664\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb145\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Brief outline of\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri204\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mahomet\u8217?s life \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (pp. 42,43).\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb15\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 to reform his people by claiming to be their leader; but failing in this,\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1566\sb0\sl-278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 because of their pride and tyranny, he assumed the prophetic office, and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 persuaded the Arabs to accept his teaching,\u8212?an ignorant and debased \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 race, who knew neither the beginning nor

the issue of the path on which they were \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 entering. He gained them over by yielding to their national love of raids and forays, such \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 as that against the caravan belonging to Abu Jahl; and it was this which led to the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Prophet\u8217?s leaving Mecca, after a ministry of thirteen years, with only forty followers. He \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 took refuge in Medina, a poor town, inhabited mostly by Jews; and people\u8217?s eyes were \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 first opened to his true character by the unjust occupation of a plot of land belonging to \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 two orphan children, whereon to build a mosque.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\ql \li2577\ri1609\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The next section is devoted to the plundering and warlike expeditions which \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 issued from Medina. The first three, commanded by Companions of the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3276\colsr160\colno2\colw8664\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Warlike and\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-181\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 plundering\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri139\sb9\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 expeditions (pp. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 44-47).\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb1\sl-258\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Prophet, are dwelt upon with considerable power. Hamza, sent out with\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1562\sb2\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 thirty followers, met Abu Jahl at Alîs, with three hundred, and, fearing \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 to attack him, retired. Compare this, says Al Kindy, with the aid given \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 by \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1605\sb62\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 This short summary is not only confused, but in some points erroneous, as the calumny respecting the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 orphans\u8217? plot of ground.\u8212?See \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 181.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz115\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg43}{\bkmkend Pg43}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3974\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3974\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3974\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 MAHOMET\u8217?S WARLIKE EXPEDITIONS.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 45\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1614\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 God to Joshua in the conquest of the Promised Land; then one chased a thousand, and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 two put ten thousand to flight. When Hamza, a believer and follower of Mahomet, retired \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 before Abu Jahl, the worshipper of idols, where was the Divine help, and where the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 assisting angels? The captain of the Lord\u8217?s host appeared to Joshua\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8926\colsr160\colno2\colw3014\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb7\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 before Jericho, and the walls of the city fell down flat at the blast of the\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Josh. v. vi. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Jewish horns. What parallel can Islam show to that? The next affair

was under Abu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Obêida, who with seventy men went to Batn Râbigh, to attack Abu Sofiân with two \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 hundred: but no Gabriel appeared to his aid, and he returned empty-handed from the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 bootless march. How different this from Moses, to whose aid, as the Moslems themselves \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 tell us, Gabriel came, and destroyed Pharaoh, with his 400,000 followers, in the depths of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the sea. The third time, Sâd was despatched with twenty men to intercept a caravan at \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Kharrâr; but it had passed a day before, and Mahomet had not known of it. If Mahomet \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 had been a true prophet, surely he had not thus been left in ignorance; for it is the sign of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a true prophet to unfold the unseen, even as Samuel told Saul of his \dn3 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 I Sam. ix, Matt. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-252\slmult0\tx9086 \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 father\u8217?s asses being found. Our Saviour said that out of the mouth of two \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 xviii. 16. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1612\sb5\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 or three witnesses, every word would be established; and here, says Al Kindy, are three \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 convincing evidences.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The first three expeditions conducted by Mahomet \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The passages from Scripture, it will be understood, are generally quoted by our Apologist \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 in extenso.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz116\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg44}{\bkmkend Pg44}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 46\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 in person were equally unfortunate, for he missed his plunder and retired crestfallen. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?Judge now for thyself,\u8221? our Author says, \u8220?whether Mahomet could have been a prophet, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 as thou sayest. And what concern have prophets with plunder and pillage? Why did he \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 not leave raids and forays to brigands and highwaymen? Tell me wherein the difference \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 lies between thy Master and Bâbek Khurramy, whose insurrection hath caused such grief \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 to our lord the Commander of the Faithful, and disaster to mankind at large?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 I know \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 well that thou canst not answer this. And so it continued all through thy Master\u8217?s life, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 even until he died. If a caravan was weak, he attacked it, plundering and slaughtering; \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 but, if strong, he fell back and fled. There were nine-and-twenty campaigns in which thy \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Master engaged in person, besides minor raids and night attacks, and nine pitched battles. \par\pard\li1

799\sb58\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Assassinations by\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Other expeditions were led by his Companions.\u8221?\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx4516 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Mahomet\u8217?s command\tab \dn3 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?Still stranger and more flagrant was the commission given\par\pard\li1799\sb2\sl-231\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \up2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (pp. 47-48).\tab \dn4 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 by thy Master to assassinate certain persons obnoxious to him. Thus\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb34\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Ibn Rawâha was despatched against Oseir ibn Zârim the Jew, whom he slew by guile; \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and Ibn Omeir was sent to make away with \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1592\sb32\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Bâbek \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Khurramy\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (the \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 festive\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 or \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 jovial\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ) raised the standard of rebellion in Persia about the year 202 A.H. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 In 212 he carried his conquests into Mesopotamia, and in 214 (just about the time our Apology was written, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 or shortly before) he annihilated an entire imperial army. He continued the rebellion, with great excesses \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and cruelty, for twenty years; and it was not till 222 A.H. that he was overthrown and killed. In the course \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 of his insurrection he is said to have slain 250,000 men and six generals. See Weil\u8217?s \u8220?Geschichte der \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Chalifen,\u8221? iii. 301; and Sale\u8217?s \u8220?Koran,\u8221? Prel. Discourse, vol. i. p. 213. The terror of his name at the era of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the Apology makes the illustration particularly apt.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5995\shpright4679\shpbottom6015\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz105\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg45}{\bkmkend Pg45}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3551\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3551\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3551\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ASSASSINATION COMMENDED BY MAHOMET\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 47\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Abu Afek, also a Jew. This last was an aged man, decrepit and helpless, whom Ibn Omeir \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 perfidiously stabbed to death while asleep at night upon his bed, because he had spoken \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 despitefully of thy Master. Tell me, now, I pray thee, whether thou hast anywhere heard \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 or read of so unjustifiable an act. Hath any revelation ever sanctioned it; and what kind of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 ordinance is this, to slay a man simply for speaking of blame? Had this aged man done \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 anything worthy at all of death, much less of being assassinated unawares? If he spake \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the truth, should he have been slain for the same? And if he lied, still even for that, one is \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 not to be put to death, but rather chastised that he may in time to come refrain therefrom. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 My friend, thou well knowest (the Lord be gracious unto thee!) how that it is unlawful to \line \up0 \exp

ndtw0\charscalex100 disturb a bird resting in its little nest by night; how much more to slay a man, sleeping \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 securely in his bed, and that for only speaking words of blame! Is this aught but murder? \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 I find not that such an act is justified either by the law of God, of reason, or of nature. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Nay, by my life! it is but the old work of Satan towards Adam and his race ever since he \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 wrought his fall. And how consisteth all this with the saying of thine (the Lord guide thee \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 aright, my friend!) that thy Master \u8216?was sent a Blessing and a Mercy to all mankind.\u8217?\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb32\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 For these assassinations, see \u8220? Life of Mahomet,\u8221? pp. 249 and 362.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5995\shpright4679\shpbottom6015\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz108\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg46}{\bkmkend Pg46}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 48\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\li1799\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Al Kindy now adverts to one or two other warlike passages in the Prophet\u8217?s life.\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-274\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Abdallah ibn Jahsh, having been sent towards Mecca with a small party of scouts,\par\pard\li1799\sb12\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Other warlike\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 attacked a caravan from Yemen, killed the leader, and carried off the\par\pard\li1799\sb29\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 passages (pp.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 spoil to Medina, where Mahomet, after appropriating the royal Fifth,\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 48,49).\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 gave over the remainder to the captors. The justice of this proceeding\par\pard\li1799\sb16\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 was much canvassed by the citizens of Medina at the time, and our Author leaves it to his\par\pard\li1799\sb2\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 friend to draw his own conclusion.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-274\slmult0\fi777 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Equally unjustifiable was the treatment of the Beni Caynocâa, a Jewish tribe on\par\pard\li1799\sb36\sl-251\slmult0\fi0\tx3614 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Expatriation of the\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the outskirts of Medina, who, without any fault, or colourable excuse,\par\pard\li1799\sb44\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3614 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Beni Caynoâa.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 were besieged and forced to surrender at discretion. Abdallah ibn\par\pard\ql \li3614\sb0\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Obey, their ally, pleaded for them: at his intercession Mahomet spared \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 their lives; but, banishing them to Syria, he laid hold of their property and distributed it \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 among his companions.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\

ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?I would (says Al Kindy) that I knew how thy Master reconciled \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 it to his conscience to seize the goods of a people that had not injured him, and with \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 whom there was no ground of quarrel, excepting that he wished to reduce their power, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and that they were very rich. Such is not the wont of prophets, nor, indeed, of any that \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 believe in God and in the Last day. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?I could produce many like things, but that it would weary the reader; and what I \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 have said sufficeth as a sample. But I must say a word as to what befell thy \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb47\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 216. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Ibid\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ., p. 250.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop7099\shpright4679\shpbottom7119\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz125\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg47}{\bkmkend Pg47}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4977\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4977\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4977\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 DISASTER AT OHOD.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 49\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1620\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Master on the field of Ohod, when his lower front tooth on the right side was broken, his \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 lip split open, and his cheek and temple gashed, at the hands of Otba; \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Disaster at Ohod. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb5\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and also as to what befell Talha, who lost several of his fingers in warding off the sword \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 brandished by Ibn Camea over the Prophet\u8217?s head.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 With this compare what our Lord, the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Saviour of the world, did, when one of his followers had his ear cut off, and the Messiah \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 put it back in its place, whole even as the other. Now if, when that happened to Talha, thy \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Master, in whose defence he lost his fingers, had restored them and made the hand whole, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 that indeed had been the sign of a true prophet. But where were the angels that they did \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 not come to his help, and save him from having his tooth broken, his lip gashed, and his \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 face covered with blood;\u8212?he the Prophet of prophets, the Elect of the elect, the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Messenger of the Lord? Where were they, that they did not save him as they delivered the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 prophets of old\u8212?Elijah from the followers of King Ahab; Daniel from the lion of Darius; \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Ananias and his brethren; the godly youths, from the furnace of Nebuchadnezzar, and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 other prophets and holy men of God? And yet (as ye hold) Adam and all mankind were \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 created solely on behalf of this thy Master, whose name is also written on the Throne of \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 God! \par\pard\q

j \li1799\ri1610\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?I turn to another subject. Now, we say that the bent of thy Master\u8217?s life doth not \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 answer to the boast that he \u8216?was sent a Mercy and Blessing to the human race.\u8217? On the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 contrary, his chief object and \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 270.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop7099\shpright4679\shpbottom7119\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz118\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg48}{\bkmkend Pg48}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 50\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 concern was to take beautiful women to wife; to attack surrounding tribes, slay and \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 plunder them, and carry off their females for concubines. His chief delights were, by his \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 own confession, sweet scents and women\u8212?strange proofs these of the prophetic claim!\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 His amour with Zeinab, wife of Zeid, I am averse from noticing out of respect for this my \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 book;\u8212?excepting only that I will quote the passage which he himself gave forth as \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 having come down from heaven in this matter:\u8212? \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-275\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1604\sb10\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 And when thou (O Prophet) saidst to him on whom God had bestowed favour, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and upon whom thou, too, hast bestowed favour (i.e. Zeid the friend of the Prophet),\u8212? \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Keep\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 thy wife to thyself, and fear God; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and thou concealedst in thy mind what God was \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 minded to make known, and thou fearedst man,\u8212?whereas God is more worthy that thou \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 shouldst fear him. And when Zeid had fulfilled her divorce, WE joined thee in marriage \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 unto her, that there might be no offence chargeable to Believers in marrying the wives of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 their adopted sons, after they have fulfilled their divorce; and the command of God is to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 be fulfilled. There is no offence chargeable to the prophet in that which God hath \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 enjoined upon him, according to the ordinance of God in respect of those that preceded \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 him;\u8212?and the command of God is a predestined decree.\u8212?Sura xxxiii. 36, 37.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2 \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li2519\sb9\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220? This specimen will suffice for men of understanding.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1594\sb71\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 There is an objectionable passage here, p. 50, lines 4 and 5, which (however much it may add point to the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 passage) I would omit in the translation. It

is, besides, based on a weak tradition. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 302.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop7099\shpright4679\shpbottom7119\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz129\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg49}{\bkmkend Pg49}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4665\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4665\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4665\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE WIVES OF MAHOMET\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 51\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Next is introduced the story of Ayesha\u8217?s night adventure with Safwân, which \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 created a great scandal at Medina, and made Mahomet suspicious of his favourite wife;\u8212? \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 whereupon Ali addressed him in the same sense, ending with these words: \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 O Prophet of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 God! the Lord hath not straitened thee in this matter, and there are\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8839\colsr160\colno2\colw3101\colsr160\qj \li1799\ri0\sb9\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 many other women besides her. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?But he would not be persuaded, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 because of his uxorious fondness of Ayesha, whom only of all his wives\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Ayesha\u8217?s\par\pard\ql \li20\sb9\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 misadventure. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 he married a maiden, and who being young and bewitching had possession of his heart \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (and this was the cause of the enmity between Ali and Ayesha all their lives); so that in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the end he promulgated a revelation of her innocence, in Sura Nûr\u8212? \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Verily they that \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 slander married women, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 etc. The story is notorious and needeth from me no further \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 application.\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb0\sl-300\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Then follows an enumeration of Mahomet\u8217?s wives, with remarks on certain of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 them. Omm Salma, our Author tells us, was of a jealous temperament, \dn4 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Wives of \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-228\slmult0\tx8999 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and wished to avoid the honour of the prophet\u8217?s hand by the excuse that \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Mahomet. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb13\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 she had several children to tend; whereupon Mahomet engaged to bring \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-256\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 them up for her, but in this he deceived her, for he never fulfilled the promise.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2 \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb56\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 313. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb10\sl-230\slmult0\tx4564 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Al Kindy therefore calls her \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \u8220?the deceived.\u8221? Her excuse and the prophet\u821

7?s promise are certainly \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1583\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 mentioned in tradition; but I do not recollect anything to show that in not himself bringing up the children, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 or adopting them as his own, Mahomet \u8220?deceived\u8221? the lady. See \u8220? Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 300.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6273\shpright4679\shpbottom6293\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz124\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg50}{\bkmkend Pg50}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 52\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Of Zeinab he relates that after Mahomet had thrice sent her her portion of meat she flung \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 it back in his face, whereupon he swore that he would not go near his wives for a whole \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 month; but, not having patience to wait till the end, he approached them after nine-and-\line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 twenty days.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Safia, the Jewess, was taught by the prophet, when upbraided by her sister-\line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 wives, to answer, saying, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Aaron is my father, Moses my uncle, and Mahomet my husband. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Muleika of the Kinda tribe, when solicited by the prophet to be his wife, exclaimed, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 What! shall Muleika give herself to a merchantman?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The remaining wives are little more \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 than mentioned by name; in all he had fifteen wives and two slave girls. \u8220?Paul, the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Apostle, said, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 He that hath a wife his object is how he may please her, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 etc.; and he spake \par\pard\li1799\sb64\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3163 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 1 Cor. vii. 32,\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the truth, for a man is ever occupied with what may please his wife. Our\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\fi0\tx3163 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 33.\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Saviour also said, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 No man can serve two masters at one and the same time;\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 he must needs serve one and slight the other. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Now, if it be so that a man cannot serve a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 single wife and please her without neglecting his Maker, how much more must thy \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Master have been taken up in seeking to please fifteen wives, besides two that were bond\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 maids? Add to this that he was all the while engaged also in raids and forays and military \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 expeditions, in ordering \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb43\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The cause of Mahomet\u8217?s oath is ordinarily attributed to a worse scandal.\u8212?\u8221? Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 442. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1601\sb19\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 A stroke of our Author\u8217?s at the superiority of the kingly K

inda lineage over that of the Coreish, who were \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 a tribe of merchantmen. We shall see that he refers to this again.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6273\shpright4679\shpbottom6293\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz123\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg51}{\bkmkend Pg51}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4391\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4391\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4391\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE EVIDENCE OF PROPHECY.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 53\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 his troops for the same, in sending out spies, and in planning how to circumvent his \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 enemies, slay their men, take their women captive, and plunder their goods. How, then, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 could thy Master find leisure from all these cares and pleasures for fasting and prayer, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 worship, meditation, and preparation for the life to come? I am very sure that no prophet \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in olden times resembled him in these things.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The next section is on Prophecy as the evidence of a Divine commission. It is of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 two kinds. Revelation of the past, accredited by miracles,\u8212?as the account by Moses of \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the Creation, and the ancient history of man. \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Second;\u8212? \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Revelation of the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8889\colsr110\colno2\colw3101\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-265\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 future, accredited by fulfilment, either immediately, as Isaiah\u8217?s\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 prediction of the destruction of the army of Sennacherib king of Mosul, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 and the recovery from sickness of Hezekiah; or at some future time, as \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the promise of the Holy Land, the return of the Captivity, the coming of\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Prophecy an\par\pard\ql \li20\ri1827\sb11\sl-228\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 evidence of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Divine mission \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (53-57). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1608\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the Messiah, His death, and the scattering of the Jews,\u8212?foretold by Isaiah, Jeremiah, and \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Daniel. Such evidence was required of all who claimed the prophetic office, and by the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 issues of the same they were accepted or rejected. The Messiah, the Saviour of the world, \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 was the greatest of all the prophets. These were servants of the great God; but He was His \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 beloved Son, and Himself the inspirer of the prophets. He knew the unseen. No heart was \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 closed, no secret hidden, from Him; and He foretold things to come. In proof are quoted \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 prophecies by Jesus regarding the destruction of the \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg52}{\bkmkend Pg52}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 54\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\chars

calex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb254\sl-280\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Temple, His own decease, and the persecutions that should follow. He acquainted His \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Matthew xxiv. 1, 2. \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 disciples with the death of Lazarus, and then raised him to life again. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb1\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Our Author concludes with Peter\u8217?s threefold denial as foretold by our Saviour, and his \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 bitter sorrow for the same. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb17\sl-260\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?Now, tell me,\u8221? he proceeds, \u8220?what thing thy Master foretold, or made known, in \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 virtue of which thou holdest him to be a prophet. If thou of sayest that he made known to \par\pard\li1799\sb47\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Wanting in the\tab \up2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 us the history of the prophets that went before him, as of Noah,\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-256\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 case of Mahomet\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, the Messiah, and others,\u8212?I have a ready\par\pard\li1799\sb21\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (57).\tab \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 answer; namely, that he told us what we knew already, and what even\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-274\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 our very children read at school. And if thou wilt make mention of such other narratives, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 as of Ad and Thamûd, of Sâlih and his Camel, of the Elephant,\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and the like, I reply that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 these are witless fables, and old wives\u8217? tales, such as we Arabs hear night and day, and \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 are no proof whatever of a Divine mission. And so the evidence of the past falleth to the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 ground. But if thou sayest that he foretold what was to happen in the future, it behoveth \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 thee to give instances of the same; for over 200 years have elapsed since his time, and \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 surely something of what he foretold must have come to pass ere this. But thou knowest, \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 and we all know, that thy Master never uttered a \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb26\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Arabian myths and legends.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz113\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg53}{\bkmkend Pg53}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4166\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4166\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4166\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 MIRACLES; CONQUEST OF PERSIA.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 55\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 single word of prophecy; and so the other condition also faileth. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1690\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?Such being the case, let us see whether there is any sign of the second kind of \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 evidence, to wit, of miracles. Now, Mahomet himself hath told us \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Mir

acles disavowed \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-255\slmult0\tx8731 \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 plainly that it was said to him (by the Almighty), \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Nothing hindered \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Us \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 by Mahomet (58). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1682\sb58\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 from sending thee with Miracles, but that those of old time gave them the lie; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 that is to \dn3 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 say, \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8216?If it had not been that thy people would have called them \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura xvii. 60. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1681\sb31\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 impostures, even as those of old did, we should have bestowed on thee the gift of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 miracles.\u8217? Now, by my life, what, according to all the rules of logic, could be a more \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 conclusive answer? Thou knowest (the Lord guide thee!), and all they that hear my \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Apology know, that thy Master herein disclaimed miracles as a proof of his mission, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 because he had not the power of showing them; and it is not for an impartial man like \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thee to turn aside from the truth. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1625\sb0\sl-300\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?If thou claimest, as a proof of his mission, that thy Master and his Companions, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 notwithstanding they were few and weak, trampled under foot the \dn4 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Saracen conquest of \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-233\slmult0\tx8822 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 mighty kingdom of Persia, with all its resources, armies, and munitions \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Persia no proper \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb8\sl-232\slmult0\tx8822 \dn3 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of war, then we answer thee in the words of the Lord to the children of \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 evidence (58, 59). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb29\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Israel, \u8216?Not because the Lord loved you above all nations, hath he given you the victory \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 over the Amorites and Perizzites so that ye have slain them, ravaged their lands and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 inherited their cities, but because of the \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg54}{\bkmkend Pg54}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 56\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 wickedness of these nations, and the greatness of their iniquity, hath he given you the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 victory over them.\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Thus He treated even Jerusalem, the city of His choice, the abode of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 His prophets, the scene of great wonders and miracles, whence praise and worship \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ascended day and night, the spot where prayer was wont to be answered, the seat of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 blessing from above;\u8212?when her citizens rebelled against Him, set up other gods, denied \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 His signs and forgat His mercies, thinking that they had gotten them by the might of their \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 own hand,\u8212?then the Lord gave up Jerusalem into the power of that wickedest of \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 mankind,\u8212?Nebuchadnezzar, the idolater, \u8212?who slew the inhabitants thereof, even that \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 chosen race, and carried them away captive and their children, and destroyed the House \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 called by His own name, and took away the holy vessels that were therein to the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 abominable Babylon for the service of idols. Now, wilt thou say that Nebuchadnezzar, in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 that he stormed the Holy city, and inflicted these calamities upon it, was a Prophet, \line \up

0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 because of all this? Even thus is the case of thy Master and his followers with this great \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 kingdom of Persia. For the people were all Magians, wicked and abominable, the dregs of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 nations, and the vilest of mankind. They worshipped the Sun and Fire; they took to wife \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 their own daughters, sisters, and mothers; they rebelled against the truth, and vainly \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 exalted themselves beyond measure: in their heathenism they attributed divinity to those \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 whom \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Paraphrased from Deut. ix. 4. 5.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz118\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg55}{\bkmkend Pg55}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4171\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4171\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4171\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ALLEGED MIRACLES OF MAHOMET\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 57\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the Lord hath not made to be gods; they abused His gifts and corrupted the land, and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 thought that their prosperity was verily the work of their own wisdom and might. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Wherefore the Lord gave them into the hands of those that ravaged their land, slew their \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 men, destroyed their habitations, made their families captive, and robbed their goods, so \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 that there remained not a woman amongst them but was seized as a concubine, nor one of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 their children but was led away into slavery. For thus doth the Lord judge an ungodly \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 people.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1620\sb7\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Returning to the excuse of Mahomet that he was not gifted with miracles, lest his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 people, as of old, should call them impostures, our Author repeats,\u8212?\u8221?By my life! a \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 strange reason to offer to any man of sense. Allow that the Jews aforetime did give the lie \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to the miracles of their prophets, and rejected them, what then? As to \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Miracles disclaimed \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-257\slmult0\tx8731 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the Arab tribes they could never on that behalf have given them the \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 in the Coran (60). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb28\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 lie, seeing that no prophet had arisen amongst them before, nor any Apostle whatever in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Arabia, whether with miracles or without them. Doubtless had thy Master shown them \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 anything like a miracle, they would have attested the same, and not given it the lie; for do \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 we not see that multitudes of these same Arabs did accept his ministry, although they saw \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 no miracles, neither heard of any wonderful work? But thou well knowest (the Lord \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 preserve thee!) that this argument will not stand inquiry.\u8221? \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \u8220?If now, leaving the testimony o

f the Coran, we \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg56}{\bkmkend Pg56}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 58\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 turn to tradition with its fables and stories, then we get to such fond tales as that of the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Wolf which stood howling before Mahomet; whereupon he turned to his Companions, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 telling them that this wolf was a deputation to him from the Beasts of the forests:\u8212? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1616\sb74\sl-240\slmult0\tx2870\tx3436 \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Fabulous \tab \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 tales \tab \up3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8217?Wherefore if ye will (continued he) let us impose upon it certain \line\up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 handed down by \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 conditions which they shall not transgress; or if ye will we shall let it go \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 tradition (60-64). \dn3 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 free.\u8217? They answered that they did not care to impose conditions; then \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb31\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Mahomet made signs to it with his three fingers, whereupon it turned and went away. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Wonderful! (proceeding in a strain of irony) that Mahomet should understand the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 inarticulate bark of a wolf! Suppose he had said, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 This wolf is a messenger from the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Almighty to me, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 could any one have gainsaid it? Such tales, my brother, are meant only \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 for ignorant people innocent of reason and the laws of evidence.\u8221? Another story of a wolf \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 speaking to one of the Companions (strange, he adds, that both miracles should be in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 connexion with an animal called in the Scriptures \u8220?ravening\u8221?) he treats with equal \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 contempt. Such conceits were not for sensible men, and there was no need to dwell \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 longer on them. He dismisses with similar scorn the legend of the bull that spoke; the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 goat whose empty udders swelled when touched by Mahomet; and the tree which \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 advanced at his call, ploughing up the ground\u8212?a tradition rejected even by intelligent \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Moslems. More space is given to the miracle of the \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Roasted shoulder of mutton, \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg57}{\bkmkend Pg57}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4171\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4171\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4171\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ALLEGED MIRACLES OF MAHOMET\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 59\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb258\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 which, having been sent to the Prophet by Zeinab the Jewess, told him that it was \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 poisoned, and of which Bishr ate and died thereof. \u8220?Either Mahomet alone heard the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 shoulder speak, and then why did he conceal the matter, and not prevent Bishr (a chosen \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 guest) from eating of the same? or the whole company heard it, and then Bishr himself \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 would surely have refrained. There is no escape from the dilemma. Or, forsooth, was it \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 that Bishr ate on, secure in the company of a prophet whom the Lord heard alway, and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 answered his prayers? Why, then, did not thy Master pray to his Lord, as the prophets of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 old who interceded and the dead were raised to life again; even as Elias raised the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 widow\u8217?s

son, and his disciple Elisha the son of the Shunamite? And after his death, virtue \line \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 remained even in the bones of Elisha, so that a dead man placed upon the \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 2 Kings xii. 21. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb4\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 same revived and stood upon his feet. Thou knowest that this is true, for it is in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Scripture, as thou mayest read in the Book of Kings. There is no difference in the text \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 between the Jews and Christians; for though we differ in religion we agree in the truth of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 this. Now, why, when Bishr did eat, was the poison not made harmless? Then surely had \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 it been a sign of thy Master\u8217?s prophetic office: for prophets and holy men of old were \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 shielded by the Lord from calamities incident to those in unbelief,\u8212?according to the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 promise of our Lord to His disciples in the holy Gospel, which was fulfilled to them, in \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 that He said, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 If ye drink deadly \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg58}{\bkmkend Pg58}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 60\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 poison, it shall not hurt you; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 that is to say, when ye put forth your claim that men should \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 listen to the Gospel, then this shall come to pass. And they did so, and published their \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 message by means of these miracles. And thus great and powerful kings and philosophers \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and learned men and judges of the earth hearkened unto them, without the lash or the rod, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 with neither sword nor spear, nor the advantages of birth or helpers\u8212?with no wisdom of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 this world or eloquence or power of language or subtlety of reason, with no worldly \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 inducement nor any relaxation of the moral law, but simply at the voice of truth enforced \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 by miracles beyond the power of man to show.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 And so there came over to them the kings \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and great ones of the earth; and the philosophers abandoned their systems, and with all \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 their wisdom and learning betook them to a saintly life, giving up the delights of this \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 world and their established usages, and became followers of a company of poor men, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fishers and publicans, who had neither name nor rank, nor any claim other than that they \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 were obedient to the command of the Messiah,\u8212?He that gave them the power to do such \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 wonderful works. Now these, if ye will (the Lord guide thee, my friend!), are proofs of a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Divine mission, not such silly things as are told of thy Master, in which there is no \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 reality. As for the miracle of the pitcher into which they say he thrust his hand, and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 forthwith there issued from it water, so that they drank therefrom, they and their \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1634\sb71\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 In all this a direct contrast is intended with the spread of Islam, by means of the sword, the \u8220?helpers\u8221? of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Medina, &c.

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{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg59}{\bkmkend Pg59}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4550\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4550\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4550\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 FALSE TALES TOLD OF MAHOMET.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 61\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 cattle\u8212?the account comes from Mohammed ibn Ishâc (and) Zohri,\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and the authority is \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 insufficient: for even the traditionists themselves are not at one about the truth of it. Thus \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 the historical evidence altogether fails, and the claim must be abandoned. Instead of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 miracles, the claim of thy Master was enforced simply by the sword. Whosoever \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 hesitated to acknowledge him a prophet sent by God, was slain, or spared only on \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 payment of tribute, as the price of his unbelief. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?Finally, what could be more conclusive proof, if thou wilt judge impartially (the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Lord guide thee!), than this, namely, that thy Master himself cut away the ground from all\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8621\colsr110\colno2\colw3369\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb11\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 such tales as are told of him, in that he said openly and plainly, \u8216?There\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb0\sl-278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 hath been such no prophet, but his people have told lies about him; \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 and I am no exception that my people should not tell lies about me.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Mahomet warned his\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1644\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 people not to believe \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 lying tales (64). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Wherefore, whensoever ye shall hear aught about me, then turn to the Book which I have \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 left with you; and if it conform thereto, and there be mention of the same in it, then it is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 true that I said or did what is related of me; but if there be no mention of it in the book, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 then I am free therefrom, and that which is related of me is a lie, and I neither said nor did \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 it.\u8217? Wherefore see, my \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1584\sb25\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The text reads as if \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Zohri \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 were a title of Ibn Ishâc; probably a typographical mistake, as Zohri flourished \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 fifty years earlier.--- \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 603. For the incident referred to, see \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Ibid., \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 p. 369.

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p{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg60}{\bkmkend Pg60}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 62\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 friend, and judge, whether those stories which thy people tell are to be found at all in the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 book of the Coran; if there be any mention of them, or any trace, therein, then, by my \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 life! I will confess that it is true, and that thy Master did the same. Otherwise he is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 absolved from these fictions, and they are groundless lying tales for which he is not in \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 any wise responsible. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1612\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u8220?Of the same kind, but much worse is the tradition regarding thy Master\u8217?s \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 obsequies. He desired (so the story runs) that he should not be buried for three days,\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3276\colsr160\colno2\colw8664\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb66\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Tradition that\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri112\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mahomet would \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 rise again after \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 three days. (64).\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb1\sl-267\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 expecting that the Lord would raise him to Heaven even as He raised our\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1561\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Saviour Christ, because he was too honourable to be left longer upon the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 earth. So after he died they refrained till the fourth day, when, forced by \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the progress of decay, they buried him.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?After his decease, there remained not one of thy Master\u8217?s followers that did not \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 apostatise, saving only a small company of his Companions and kinsfolk, who were \par\pard\li1799\sb6\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 APOSTACY of\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ambitious of succeeding to the government. Here Abu Bekr displayed\par\pard\li1799\sb32\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 the Arabs (65).\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 marvellous skill, energy, and address, so that the power fell into his\par\pard\ql \li3436\sb0\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 hands. Aly was exceedingly angry thereat; and people resorted \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1587\sb49\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Some irrelevant observations follow as to the part taken by Aly and Abbâs in the funeral obsequies. Parts \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of the work have here somewhat the appearance of dislocation. The object of introducing the passage is \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 apparently to show how misleading the traditions of the Prophet\u8217?s life may be.

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}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg61}{\bkmkend Pg61}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4655\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4655\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4655\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 APOSTACY OF THE ARABS.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 63\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to him, not doubting that he would succeed to the Caliphate; but the reins were snatched \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 from his hands, from love of the world and lust of power.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 And so Abu Bekr persevered, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 until the apostate tribes were all brought back to their allegiance, some by kindly \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 treatment, persuasion, and craft, some through fear and terror of the sword, and others by \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the prospect of power and wealth and the lusts and pleasures of this life. And so it came \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 to pass that they were all in the end converted outwardly, and not from inward \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 conviction.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 To establish this point, our Apologist quotes a speech delivered at an assembly of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 his courtiers by the Caliph (Al Mâmûn) in which he \dn3 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Speech of Al Mâmûn showing how \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-255\slmult0\tx7559 \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 likens the hypocritical conversion of the Magians, Jews, \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 the Apostates were reclaimed by \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-236\slmult0\tx7559 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and Christians of his own day, to that of the Jews and \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 worldly inducements (66). \par\pard\ql \li1799\ri1619\sb48\sl-280\slmult0\tx2519 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 hypocrites in the time of Mahomet, and justifies his own forbearance by the Prophet\u8217?s \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 example, and the worldly inducements by which the apostates were reclaimed?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2 \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The objection is here anticipated that if Moses and Joshua attacked and slew the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Canaanites, took their families captive, and ravaged their \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Mahomet showed no miracles, like \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-231\slmult0\tx7559 \dn3 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 land, similar acts should not be charged against Mahomet \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Moses and Joshua, to warrant resort \par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-266\slmult0\fi0\tx7559 \dn4 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 as a fault. But the slaughter of the Canaanites, Al\tab \up2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 to the sword (68-70).\par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1625\sb112\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 All this (which is altogether opposed to historical evidence) is in accord with the Alyite current that ran \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 strong at Al Mâmûn\u8217?s court. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 This has been given \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 in extenso \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 in the Preliminary Essay. See above, p. 29.

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p{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg62}{\bkmkend Pg62}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 64\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Kindy replies, was a chastisement from Heaven, and the commission to inflict the same \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 was ratified by miracles, which he recounts and which he reminds his Friend that both \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Jews and Christians, though mutually hostile in other respects, agree in attesting. \u8220?Show \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 me,\u8221? he proceeds, \u8220?any the slightest proof or sign of a wonderful work done by thy \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Master to certify his mission, and to prove that what he did in slaughter and rapine was, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 like the other, by, Divine command. I know thou canst not. And so it behoveth thee not \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (the Lord direct thee!) to blame or injure those who deny that thy Master was sent as an \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Apostle with a divine commission to impose his religion by the sword, and who hold him \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 to have been an Adventurer seeking his own ends and aided therein by his kinsfolk, clan, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and fellowcitizen. If any reject the claim of such a one, they are not justly to be blamed. \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 but rather, if judged impartially, to be praised and commended for searching out the truth. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 To bolster up fallacies and falsehoods consisteth neither with reason nor justice. These \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 are the weapons of the Jews and heathen, who deal in lies like their father the Devil, even \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 as Jesus Christ our Saviour hath shown in the holy Gospel. \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?And now, as to thine invitation to embrace Islam, suppose that I should accept it \par\pard\li1799\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4876 \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Al Kindy invites his friend to\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 without reason and without evidence for the same,\par\pard\li1799\sb15\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4876 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 consider the claims of Jesus Christ\tab \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 wouldst thou regard that as the course of rectitude? I trow\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\fi0\tx4876 \up2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 based on miracles (70, 71).\tab \dn4 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 not. And judge, my Friend, how should I do this, and my\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb38\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Lord the Messiah hath said in the \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg63}{\bkmkend Pg63}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4708\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4708\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4708\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 TRUTH OF CHRISTIANITY.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 65\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 holy Gospel, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 All the prophets have prophesied until the lime of my coming; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 that is, at the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 era of my appearance, the prophetic office ceaseth; and whosoever cometh after me \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 claiming to be a prophet, the same is a wolf and a robber: receive him not.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Tell me, my \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 good Friend, if turning aside from the dying command of my Lord, the Saviour of the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 world, I should be tempted by the pomps, vanities, and carnal inducements of this life, to \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 accept thy call without proof,\u8212?I think not that one like thee, en

dowed with righteousness \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and wisdom, would approve a sin so heinous, neither is it possible that one like myself \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 could turn aside thereto. Nay, my Friend, rather would I appeal to thy reason, and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 beseech of thee, casting aside considerations of birth and family, to listen unto me, thy \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 true counsellor and affectionate adviser. Call to mind what in the holy Gospel, our Lord, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the Messiah, saith to His disciples\u8212?\u8217?Truly many prophets and kings desired to see what \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 ye see and did not see it, and to hear what ye hear and did not hear it.\u8217? How canst thou, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 reading such words, turn therefrom, loving this present life, which swiftly passeth away \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and disappeareth.\u8221? The section on miracles closes here with an eloquent recapitulation of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the argument for the truth of Christianity, based on the way in which it spread, not by \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 force, or through any ambitious, sordid, or carnal motives, but simply from choice and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 conviction, grounded on the incontestable miracles of Christ and His disciples. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Referring possibly to John x. or Acts xx. 29.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz120\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg64}{\bkmkend Pg64}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 66\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\li1799\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Entering now upon a new argument, Al Kindy lays it down as axiomatic that there\par\pard\li1799\sb34\sl-241\slmult0\fi0\tx4521 \dn4 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The THREE\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 are but three Dispensations, to one or other of which the\par\pard\li1799\sb47\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4521 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 DISPENSATIONS: Divine,\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 religion of Mahomet must belong. \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 First\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 , the Divine; \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 second\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ,\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-221\slmult0\fi0\tx4521 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Natural, and Satanic (7.-75).\tab \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the Natural; and third, the Satanic.\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb12\sl-270\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 First, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the Divine, so called because moulded in the likeness of God himself, it \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 transcends reason, and is more excellent than anything drawn from nature. The same is \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the Gospel, or dispensation of grace brought by Jesus Christ, and described in the Coran\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3112\colsr60\colno2\colw8928\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb192\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-6\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Matthew v. 44.\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri1561\sb13\sl-278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 as \u822

0?a light and guidance, and a direction to the pious.\u8221? It is based on \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 favour, mercy, and forgiveness, even as our Saviour commanded us to \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1612\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 overcome evil with good, after the example of our Father in heaven. The \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 second \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 is the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 law of reason or nature, summed up by Moses in the text \u8220?an eye for an eye,\u8221? &c.; that is, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the law of like for like, returning good for good, and evil for evil, and therein differing \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 altogether from the Gospel which follows the gracious dealing of the Lord with His\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2743\colsr160\colno2\colw9197\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb149\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura v. 53.\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri1564\sb8\sl-278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 creatures. The \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 third \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 is the kingdom of the Evil One, tyranny and wrong. \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Conscious of treading upon delicate ground, Al Kindy here deprecates his \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1606\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 friend\u8217?s displeasure; they were in the heat of conflict, and he could not afford to dispense \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 with any of those spiritual weapons from which he hoped for victory. Nor would it be just \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 to blame him, for he had borne patiently things equally severe from the other side. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Beginning with a prayer that God would guide his \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg65}{\bkmkend Pg65}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4516\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4516\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4516\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE THREE DISPENSATIONS.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 67\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Friend, he asks him to which of the three belonged his Master\u8217?s creed. \u8220?If thou sayest, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u8216?The Divine\u8217?; I reply, that our Lord the Christ, 600 years before, revealed the same \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 dispensation; ever since His Ascension unto the present day, His followers have observed \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 it; and they will follow the same to the end of time. Moreover, I perceive not that thy \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 fellows know aught concerning this law of grace and mercy, and as little did they act \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 upon it in thy Master\u8217?s day. If thou sayest, \u8216?the Natural law\u8217? of reason and justice, that \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 too was revealed aforetime by Moses, and is contained in the Tourât; and being there, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 clear as the sunbeam, it were piracy and falsehood, if any other claimed to be the author \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the same. There remaineth the third, the law of Satan, wrong-doing and violence. Now \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 look (the Lord guide thee!) with an eye that shall not deflect from the right, and see who \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 it is that taketh his stand on this dispensation, seeketh help therefrom, and practiseth its \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 principles. And if not this, then tell me what new dispensation thy Master came with, and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 what law other than this he revealed, that I may embrace the same if it be\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9249\colsr110\colno2\colw2741\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb12\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 worthy of acceptance; for I will not refuse the truth from whatsoever quarter\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb5\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 it may come. Perchance thou wilt say that thy Master combined the two \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 former dispensations both together, to wit, the rule of the Messiah and the\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura v. 53.\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1694\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Sura ii. 238; \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 v. 9. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1606\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0

\expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 rule of Moses\u8212?following up the law of \u8216?Life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, nose \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 for nose,\u8217? &c., with the command of our Lord \u8216?but if ye forgive, it is nigher unto \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg66}{\bkmkend Pg66}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 68\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Piety.\u8217? But thou well knowest that the two being contradictory, will not consist \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 together,\u8212?as if one were to say that a man was standing and sitting, blind and seeing, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 healthy and diseased, at one and the same time; and I think not that thou wouldest admit \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 so untenable a claim. Besides, this amalgamated creed would have been fetched from two \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 separate sources, the Gospel and the Tourât. And supposing thou wert to say, \u8216?I adopt \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 both these Dispensations\u8217?;. I think not that the professors of either would acknowledge \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 thee; for they have inherited their respective creeds and hold the same in their hands \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 intact; and would reply that it was simple plagiarism. Nay rather, do thou show us \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 something of thine own, which is in thy hands, and not in ours, but new; and we shall \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 then acknowledge thee to be true and just. Ah, is it not because thou takest refuge in the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 third, and seeketh help therefrom, however much thou mayest disclaim it? For I wot not \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 that thou wouldest consent to hold thy Master as a mere follower of Moses and the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Messiah,\u8212? seeing that thou claimest for him a position so exalted that had it not been for \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the sake of him neither Adam nor the world would have taken shape. And that thy Master \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 showed no miracle (as he himself disclaimed the power), why was it but because there \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 remained no Fourth dispensation? Now if there are but three, and Moses and the Messiah \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 came with two, what is there left for thy Master but the third? I know not which of these \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 answers I am to choose. I pray thee, my Friend, be honest with thyself, and evade \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg67}{\bkmkend Pg67}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4329\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4329\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4329\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE CORAN: HOW COLLECTED.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 69\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 not the question, for that were against the conditions of this controversy; seeing that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 religion is not one of those matters which men of sense and understanding can refrain \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 from probing and discussing, or neglect to test by right principle. The Lord lead thee \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 graciously to the truth, and strengthen thee to abandon the false.\u8221? \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8220?We come now to what thou regardest as thy stronghold, to wit, the Book which\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8985\colsr110\colno2\colw3005\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb4\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 is in thy hands. Thine argument is that the narratives therein of the\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb3\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 prophets and the Messiah prove that it was revealed by God, because thy \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Master was unlearned, and could have no knowledge of the same \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 excepting by way of inspiration. Again, thou sayest that \u8216?neither Man nor\par\pard\column \ql \li83\sb169\sl-230\slmul

t0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The CORAN as\par\pard\ql \li203\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 an evidence of\par\pard\ql \li452\sb1\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mahomet\u8217?s\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mission (75-90). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \ql \li1799\sb15\sl-265\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Genius could produce the like thereof\u8217?; and, \u8216?If ye be in doubt as to that \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx9561 \dn4 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 which We have revealed unto our servant, then bring a Sura the like thereof, \tab \up3 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ii. 23. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1614\sb48\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and call your witnesses other than the Lord, if ye be true men.\u8217? And, yet again, \u8216?If We \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 had sent down this Coran unto a mountain, thou wouldest seen it humbling itself, and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 cleaving asunder, from fear of the Lord\u8217?; and the like effusions. This in thy view is the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9300\colsr160\colno2\colw2640\colsr160\qj \li1799\ri10\sb9\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 main evidence of thy Master\u8217?s claim, ranking with the miracle of the Red \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Sea, the Staying of the Sun, the Raising of the Dead, and other wonderful\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb170\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura lix. 21. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1605\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 works by the Prophets of old and the Messiah. And, by my life! this argument hath \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 deceived many. But it is a weak and hollow subterfuge. The answer \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg68}{\bkmkend Pg68}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 70\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 is near at hand, and not far off, as I will show thee. The disclosure may be bitter, but it \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 will be wholesome in the end.\u8221? He then proceeds to give a lengthy account of the origin \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the Coran.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 His story in short is this. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?Sergius, a Nestorian monk, was \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 excommunicated for a certain offence. To expiate it, he set out on a mission to Arabia, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 and reached Mecca, which he found inhabited by Jews and idolaters. There he met \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Mahomet, with whom he had intimate converse, and persuaded him, after being \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 instructed in the faith of Nestorius, to abandon heathenism, and become his disciple. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 This, while it excited the hatred of the Jews, was the reason of the favourable mention of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the Christians in the Coran, to wit, that \u8216?they are the nighest unto believers in friendship; \par\pard\ql \li2995\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and that because there are amongst them priests and monks, and because the\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2835\colsr160\colno2\colw9105\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura lix. 21.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb53\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 are not haughty.\u8217? And so the matter prospered, and the Christian faith was \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1605\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 near to being adopted by Mahomet, when Sergius died. Thereupon two Jewish doctors, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Abdallah and Kab, seized the opportunity, and ingratiated themselves with thy Master, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 professing deceitfully to share his views and be his followers. Thus they concealed their \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 object and bided their time. Then upon the \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-233\slmult0 \par\par

d\qj\li1799\ri1608\sb19\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 This long digression about the Coran is strongly coloured by Abbasside and Alyite tradition. Much of it is \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 mere romance, resting on no historical evidence whatever. But it was no doubt the kind of talk popular at \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the court of Al Mâmûn (where any argument impugning the eternity of the Coran would be well received); \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and, indeed, our Author here and there implies as much.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5995\shpright4679\shpbottom6015\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz107\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg69}{\bkmkend Pg69}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg70}{\bkmkend Pg70}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4329\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4329\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4329\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE CORAN: HOW COLLECTED.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 71\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Prophet\u8217?s death, when Aly kept aloof and refused to swear allegiance to Abu Bekr, the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 two Jews sought him out, and tried to persuade him to assume the prophetic office, for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 which they declared him fit, and promised to instruct him, as Sergius had instructed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 Mahomet. Aly, yet young and inexperienced, listened to them, and was\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9295\colsr160\colno2\colw2645\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb7\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 instructed secretly.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Before they had fully gained their object, Abu Bekr\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ii. 113. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1618\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 heard of it and sent for Aly, who finding opposition useless, abandoned his ambitious \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 claim. But the Jews had already succeeded in tampering with the text of the Coran which \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Mahomet had left in Aly\u8217?s hands, that namely which was based upon the Gospel. It was \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 then that these Jews interpolated the Coran with histories from the Old Testament, and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 portions of the Mosaic law, and introduced such passages as this:\u8212?\u8217?The \dn3 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura xvi. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-249\slmult0\tx9268 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Christians say that the Jews are\ul0\nosupersub\cf21\f22\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and founded upon nothing, and the Jews \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 xxvii, xxix. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb9\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 say that the Christians are founded upon nothing; and yet they read the \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi57 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 book. Thus did the ignorant people aforetime speak as they do. Wherefore the Lord will \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 judge between them in the day of the Resurrection as to that concerning which they \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 differ.\u8217? Hence also arose inconsistencies in the Coran,\u8212? passages proceeding from one \up0 \ex

pndtw-2\charscalex100 source differing from passages that proceeded from another; as in Chapters, the Bee, the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Ant, the Spider. Now when Aly despaired of succeding to the Caliphate, he at the last \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 presented himself before \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Hardly young and inexperienced, being then over six-and-twenty years.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz135\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg71}{\bkmkend Pg71}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 72\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Abu Bekr, forty days (some say six months) after the Prophet\u8217?s death. As he was \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 swearing allegiance to him as Caliph, Abu Bekr asked him, \u8216?O Father of Hasan, what \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 hath delayed thee so long?\u8217? He answered, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \u8216?I was busy collecting the Book of the Lord, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 that the Prophet committed to my care.\u8217? Reflect, my Friend, what could have been the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 meaning of his being busy in \u8216?collecting the Book of God\u8217?? Thou knowest how the tyrant \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Hajjâj \u8216?collected\u8217? the leaves of the Coran, and left out much thereof. Ah, deceived one! \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the Book of God is not \u8216?collected,\u8217? nor can any part thereof be lost. Thou, and those of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 thy persuasion, know and acknowledge whatsoever I have said, for it is altogether taken \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 from traditions of your own in which all of you agree. According to some authorities the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 first copy of the Coran was left in the hands of the Coreish; and Aly, when he came to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 power, ordered it to be taken possession of lest it should be tampered with by being \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 added to, or taken from; and this was the copy which was in accord with the Gospel as \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 delivered to Mahomet by Sergius.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Now when Aly spake to Abu Bekr, as related above, \par\pard\ql \li2995\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 those about him represented that there were scraps and pieces of the Coran\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw2835\colsr160\colno2\colw9105\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-180\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ix.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb57\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 with them as well as with Aly; and then it was agreed to collect the whole \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1609\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 from every quarter together. So they collected various parts from the memory of \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 individuals (as Sura \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Barât, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 which they wrote out at the dictation of a certain Arab from \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1582\sb59\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1

\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Our Author tells us here that this Sergius was also called by the Companions \u8220?Gabriel,\u8221? and at other times \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?The faithful Spirit, \u8220?---epithets, namely, of the Angel that descended with the Coran to Mahomet.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz126\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg72}{\bkmkend Pg72}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4329\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4329\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4329\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE CORAN: HOW COLLECTED.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 73\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 desert), and other portions from different people, and from the embassies and deputations \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 which had a visited the Prophet; besides that which was copied out from tablets of stone, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 and palm-leaves, and shoulder-bones, and such like. It was not at first collected in a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 volume, but remained in separate leaves,\u8212?entries being made after the method of the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Jews,\u8212?a cunning device of theirs. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb0\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u8220?Then the people fell to variance in their reading. Some read according to the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 version of Aly (and they follow the same to the present day); some read according to the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 collection of which we have made mention. Others read according to the reading of the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Arab from the desert, who in his ignorance made changes and additions. A party read \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 according to the text of Ibn Masûd, following the saying of thy Master,\u8212?\u8217?Whosoever \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 would read the Coran in its pristine purity and freshness, let him read after Ibn Omm \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mabad\u8217?; and he used to repeat it over to him (Mahomet) once every year, and in the year \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 he died, twice. And, yet again, some read after Obey ibn Kab, following thy Master\u8217?s \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 word,\u8212?\u8217?The best reader amongst you all is Obey. Now the readings of Obey and Ibn \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Masûd are closely alike one to the other. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \u8220?Thus when Othmân came to power, and people everywhere differed in their \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 readings, Aly sought grounds of accusation against him, compassing his \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg73}{\bkmkend Pg73}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 74\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 death.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 One man would read a verse one way, and another man another way, each saying \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 that his reading was better than his neighbour\u8217?s, and contending for the same; and there \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 was change and interpolation, some copies having more and some less. When this was \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 represented to Othmân, and the danger urged of division, strife, and apostacy, he \

line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 thereupon caused to be collected together all the leaves and scraps that he was able, \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 together with the copy that was written out at the first. But they did not interfere with that \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 which was in the hands of Aly, or of those who followed his reading. Obey was dead by \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 this time. As for Ibn Masûd, they demanded his exemplar, but he refused to give it up, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and so Abu Mûsa was appointed governor of Kufa in his room.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Then they commanded \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Zeid ibn Thâbit, and with him Abdallah ibn Abbâs (others say Mohammed, son of Abu \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Bekr), to revise and correct the text, eliminating all that was corrupt. Now both were \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 young;\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and they were instructed, when they differed on any reading, word, or name, to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 follow the dialect of the Coreish. On many points they did differ. For instance, Zeid \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 wrote \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Tâbûh, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and Ibn Abbâs \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Tâbût. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 When the recension was completed, four exemplars \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 were written \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1606\sb14\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The sentence is remarkable, preceding as it does the notice of Othmân\u8217?s recension, and also as plainly \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 imputing to Aly a design prepense on the life of Othmân. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-215\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The deposition is true, but not the cause here alleged for it. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1582\sb21\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Our Author is not accurate. At the Hegira, Zeid was eleven, and Abdallah six years of age; so at the era of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Othman\u8217?s recension they must have been thirty and thirty-five years old, respectively.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5995\shpright4679\shpbottom6015\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz129\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg74}{\bkmkend Pg74}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4137\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4137\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4137\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 VARIOUS READINGS IN THE CORAN.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 75\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 out in large text, and one sent to Mecca, and another to Medina. The third was despatched \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 to Syria, and is to this day at Malatia (Melitene). The copy at Mecca remained there till \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the city was stormed by Abu Sarâya (that is, the last time the Kaaba was sacked, A.H. \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 200); he did not carry it away; but it is supposed to have been burned in the conflagration. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 The Medina exemplar was lost in the reign of terror, that is, in the days of Yezîd ibn \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Muâvia. The fourth exemplar was deposited in Kûfa, then the centre of Islam and home \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 of the Companions of the Prophet. People say that this copy is still extant there; but this is \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 not the case, for it was lost in the insurrec

tion of Mukhtâr.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?After what we have related above, Othmân called in all the former leaves and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 copies, and destroyed them, threatening those who held any portion back; and so only \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 some scattered remains, concealed here and there, survived. Nothing remained to show \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the discrepancies which are known to have existed. It is said for example that Sura Nûr \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 (xxiv.) used to be longer than Sura Bacr (ii),\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and that Sura Ahzâb (xxxiii.), is mutilated \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and incomplete; so also that there was originally no division between Sura Barât (ix.) and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Sura Anfâl (viii.), and accordingly we see that the invariable heading. \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 In the name of God \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 most Merciful, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 is wanting in the former. Similar is the case of the two \u8216?Incantation Suras,\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 3 \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of which Ibn \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri5318\sb71\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Mukhtâr was slain in the rebellion here referred to, A.H. 67. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The longest Sura, in the Coran.; \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb12\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The last two Suras, of only a line or two each.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz131\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg75}{\bkmkend Pg75}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 76\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Masûd said when they were placed in the Coran: \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Add not thereto that which is not \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 therein. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 And then there is the speech of Omar delivered from the pulpit (of the Great \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mosque at Medina), \u8216?Let no one say that the \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Stoning Verse \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 is not in the Book of God; for \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 verily I have myself read, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 The man and the woman that commit adultery, let them both be \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 stoned to death; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and if it were not that men might say, \u8220?Omar hath added to the Coran \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 that which is not therein,\u8221? I would have inserted the same with own hand.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Likewise at \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the close of another address: \u8216?Truly I know not of any one who saith that the Ordinance \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 of temporary marriage \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 (Al Mutáh) \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 is not in the Book of the Lord, for, indeed, I have \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 myself read it; but it hath fallen out. And verily the Lord will not reward him well that \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 caused it to fall out; for a trust was given, and he fulfilled not the trust of the Lord and of \up

0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 his prophet; and verily much that belonged to the Coran hath thus fallen out.\u8217? And yet \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 once more, Omar said: \u8216?The Lord minded to deal gently with mankind, and verily he sent \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Mahomet with a wide and comprehensive faith.\u8217? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb7\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u8220?And Obey ibn Kab said that there were two Suras which he used to recite (as part \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the Coran): \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Al Canût \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Al Witr; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 in them were these words: \u8216?O Lord, we ask thee for \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 help and pardon and guidance, and we believe in thee and put our trust in thee,\u8217? and so on \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 to the end of \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Al Witr. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 This he said in respect of the first compilation, no longer extant. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb53\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See \u8220?Life of Mahornet\u8221? (1st edition), vol. i. p. xxv.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz146\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg76}{\bkmkend Pg76}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4137\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4137\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4137\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 VARIOUS READINGS IN THE CORAN.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 77\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1600\sb257\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?Again, as regards the same Ordinance of temporary marriage (Al Mutáh), Aly \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 caused the passage about it to be entirely excluded. They say that while Caliph, he \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 overheard a man reciting the verse, and had him scourged for the same and forbade its \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 further repetition. And this was one of the things for which Ayesha reproached Aly after \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the battle of the Camel, when she had retired to the house of Ibn Khalaf (at Bussora); for, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 among other things, she said that Aly had beaten men in this matter of the. Coran, and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 forbade the repetition of certain passages, and tampered with the text. Moreover, Ibn \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Masûd retained his exemplar in his own hands, and it was inherited by his posterity, as it \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 is this day; and likewise the collection of Aly hath descended in his family. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1600\sb7\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?Then followed the business of Hajjâj ibn Yûsuf, who gathered together every \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 single copy he could lay hold of, and caused to be omitted from the text a great many \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 passages. Amongst these, they say, were verses revealed concerning the House Omeyya \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 with the names of certain, and concerning the House of Abbâs also with names. Six \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 copies of the text thus revised were distributed to Egypt, Syria, Medina, Mecca, Kufa, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 and Bussora. After that he called in and destroyed all the preceding copies, even as \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Othmân had done before him. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1613\sb2\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?And the result of all this is patent to thee who hast re

ad the Scriptures, and seest \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 how in thy book histories are all jumbled together and intermingled; an evidence that \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 many different hands have been at work therein, and caused discrepancies, adding to the \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg77}{\bkmkend Pg77}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 78\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 text, or cutting out therefrom whatever they liked or disliked. Are such, now, the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 conditions of a Revelation sent down from heaven? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \u8220?Furthermore, thy Master was an Arab, living amongst the Bedouins; and to them, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and in their language, he submitted his lucubrations. Now it is notorious that the Arabs as \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a nation are incorrigibly heathenish and graceless; how then could such a people receive \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 from him the secret of the Lord, or truths proper to be revealed to a prophet? Thou \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 knowest the enmity subsisting between Aly and Abu Bekr, Omar, and Othmân; now each \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 of these entered in the text whatever favoured his own claims, and left out what was \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 otherwise. How, then, can we distinguish between the genuine and the counterfeit? And \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 how about the losses caused by Hajjâj? Thou well knowest what kind of faith that tyrant \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 held in other matters; then how canst thou make him an arbiter as to the Book of God,\u8212?a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 man who never ceased to play into the hands of the Omeyyads whenever he found \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 opportunity? And besides all this, the Jews also had a hand in the business; and foisted in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 what they thought would further their own seditious and rebellious ends. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?All that I have said (continues Al Kindy, after an affectionate personal appeal) is \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 drawn from your own authorities; and no single argument has been advanced but what is \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 based on evidence accepted by yourselves. And in proof thereof, we have the Coran \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 itself, which is a confused heap, with neither system nor order. The sense moreover \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 consisteth not with \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg78}{\bkmkend Pg78}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4353\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4353\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4353\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 IMPERFECTIONS IN THE CORAN.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 79\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 itself; but throughout one passage is contradicted by another. Now, what could betray \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 greater ignorance than to bring forward such a book as an evidence of Apostleship, and to \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 put it on a par with the miracles of Moses and Jesus! Surely no one with a grain of sense \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 would dream of it; much less should we who are versed in history and philosophy, be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 moved by such deceptive reasoning. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1614\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u8220?Tell me now, what thy Master intended, when he said \u8216?that neither Men nor \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Genii, let them strive together never so hard, could produce a book like unto \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura xvii. 89. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the Coran.\u8217? If the contention be that the language surpasseth all other composition in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 eloquence, our answer is that every nation regardeth its own language the

most beautiful, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 while the Arabs hold every other tongue but their own as barbarous; and similarly the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Arabic, held by them as the most beautiful, is regarded by other nations to be barbarous. \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb0\sl-266\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?If the claim be that (apart from all other tongues) the Coran is an unparalleled\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8621\colsr110\colno2\colw3369\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb17\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 and miraculous model of Arabic (according to the text, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Verily, We\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 have sent down the Coran \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 in the Arabic tongue, if perchance ye may \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 comprehend\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ); then, why do we find in it foreign words, as \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 namâric \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 from the Persian, and \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 mishkât \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 from the Abyssinian, vocabulary?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Here is a defect either in the messenger or\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb44\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 See also Sura xiii. 40; xx. 111; xxxix. 28; xli. 2; xlii. 6; and xlvi. 12.\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb36\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Foreign words in the\par\pard\ql \li20\sb1\sl-225\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Coran (85-86).\par\pard\ql \li8731\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li20\sb2\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Sura xii. 2; xliii. 2.\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1 \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1582\sb0\sl-233\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Namâric, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 carpets or cushions; \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 mishkât, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 a lamp; \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 sandus, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 silk; \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 al astabrac, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 satin, brocade; \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 abârîck, \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 goblet, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 are also quoted as foreign words imported into the Coran. The argument here may appear singular to us; but \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 to the Arabs, who piqued themselves on the fulness and purity of their language, it would have a force of its \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 own; and it was no doubt of a kind favorably received at court.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz127\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg79}{\bkmkend Pg79}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 80\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1612\sb260\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the message. If there be in the Arabic language no words to express the ideas, then the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 medium of communication, and therefore the message itself, is imperfect; if otherwise, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the messenger.\u8221? That not the former, but the latter, was the case, Al Kindy enforces by \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura xliii. 57. \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the congenial argument that there were poets, such as Imrul Cays, and men \par\par

d\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb27\sl-274\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 of eloquence and oratory, without number before Mahomet, whose productions surpassed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 his, both in conception and language. This was cast in the Prophet\u8217?s teeth by the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Meccans; for he turned round and called them \u8216?a contentious race.\u8217? And, indeed, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Mahomet himself admits as much when he attributes their compositions to magic.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 introduction then of foreign expressions into the Coran must be owing to one of two \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 things; either to the poverty of the Arabian vocabulary, while confessedly it is the richest \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 and most copious of all tongues, or to the fact that different persons had a hand in the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 work; and our Author leaves his Friend on the horns of this dilemma. \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb5\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?If, again, the claim put forth be that there is in \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1603\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The imputation was often made by the Meccans, as against Mahomet (Sura xxxiv. 43; xliii. 29; xlvi. 6). \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 But here Mahomet is represented as attributing to magic the eloquence of profane writers, whose writings \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 therefore could form no proper argument against a true revelation.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5443\shpright4679\shpbottom5463\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz100\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg80}{\bkmkend Pg80}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi2145\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE CORAN: ITS STYLE AND PURPORT.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 81\par\pard\li1799\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 the Coran a supernatural harmony and cadence of language, and beauty of conception;\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-274\slmult0\fi0\tx9052 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 that will be determined by the accuracy of the measures, the purity and\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Claim of poetical\par\pard\li1799\sb3\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx9863 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 fitness of the composition, and the point and charm of thought and\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 beauty.\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1613\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 imagery. But thy book throughout is broken in its rhythm, confused in its composition, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and in its flights of fancy unmeaning.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Yet once more, if the claim rest on the matter revealed in the Coran, Al Kindy \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 asks what single truth we find there revealed, unknown to the ancients,\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8846\colsr110\colno2\colw3144\colsr160\qj \li1799\ri0\sb0\sl-278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and which indeed had not already been handled threadbare. \u8220?In our own \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 day,\u8221? he says, \u8220?mankind are pursuing every branch of knowledge to\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri1599\sb0\sl-225\slmult0\fi19 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Matter revealed in \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the Coran

(87-89). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1607\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 results unparalleled before; yet what had that to do with such superhuman conditions as \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 were required for miracles like those of Moses or of Christ? The truth, in short, is that the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Coran with its manifold defects could only have appeared a miracle of eloquence and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 learning in the eyes of rude ignorant tribes and barbarous races.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1612\sb0\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The three false prophets who appeared at the rise of Islam played the same game \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 as Mahomet; and our Author had read passages given out by Moseilama, which would \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 have drawn away the Moslems after him, if only he had had Helpers to support him like \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 those of Mahomet.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1593\sb69\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 I do not know to what utterances of Moseilama our Author can here allude, for the sayings attributed to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 him by tradition are the veriest rubbish that can well be conceived.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz111\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg81}{\bkmkend Pg81}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 82\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb257\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 Our Apologist here reminds his Friend that the Arabic tongue was the joint \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 inheritance equally of them both, being derived from their common ancestor Yárob, the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 great-grandson of Ishmael. Here they stood on the same ground; and in the ability to \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 judge of its beauties and defects, his Friend had no advantage over him. It was, moreover, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 a vain and deceptive test as addressed to strange nations; for when the Coran was \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 delivered to them, these could not understand it, but were obliged to take the same on \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 trust, unable in their ignorance to judge of the language. The Arabs of the desert alone \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 spoke the language in its purity. Such as lived in cities, by intercourse with foreigners \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 soon lost the simplicity of their mother tongue, and were incapable of passing any \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 judgment upon it. His Friend might reply that the Coreish were themselves the most \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 eloquent of the Arabs and skilful in the language, and that they were consequently in the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 very best position to press the argument of the superhuman beauty of the Coran; which \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Al Kindy answers by a characteristic declamation on the superiority, in its speech as well \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 as noble antecedents, of his own ancestry. \u8220?Thou wilt not deny that when thy Master \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sought the hand of Muleika, daughter of Nomân Al Kindy, she answered, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 What, shall \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Muleika marry into a race of merchantmen? \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24

Thou knowest well that the Coreish were the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 traders of Arabia, and the Beni Kinda its Princes. I do not say this vaunting my own \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 descent over thine; but simply to remind thee that the Beni Kinda were the chiefest \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 among the Arabs in eloquence, \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg82}{\bkmkend Pg82}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3734\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3734\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3734\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 INDUCEMENTS TO THE SPREAD OF ISLAM.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 83\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1614\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and in the beauty of their language, whether of rhetoric or poetry. Their Kings, foremost \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 in the land, led the armies of Arabia; and so great was their fame that the Persians and \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Romans were proud to seek their daughters in marriage. At the same time all the world \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 must admit the glory of the Coreish; and especially of the Beni Hâshim; and, indeed, the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 same applieth to the whole Arab race, whom the Lord hath distinguished by their noble \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 qualities over all the nations upon earth.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Reverting once more to the admission of solecisms into the Coran, it might be \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 urged in reply that the Arabic language was embodied in its poetry; that its vocabulary, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 drawn from that source\u8217? was limited thereby, and that the word (\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 e.g.\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ) for carpets \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 (namârick) \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 was unknown. True, our Apologist replies; but that arose from the simplicity \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 of the Arab race, who were innocent of the luxuries and refinements of artificial living. In \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 process of time, the language became depraved by foreign words; and in this mongrel \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 tongue people began to make verses, which so aped the ancient poetry of the Peninsula, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 that it was difficult to distinguish the real from the counterfeit. Nowadays even learned \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 rhetoricians mistook the spurious for the genuine. The grace and freshness of the tongue, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 as well as its capacity for carrying on the business of life, had so popularised Arabic, that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 foreign ideas, and metaphors strange to artless Arab life, were clothed in language \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 claiming to be cast in the ancient mould. And so any one now wrote poetry in the ancient \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 form, and sought thereby courtly favour and \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg83}{\bkmkend Pg83}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 84\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1613\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 advancement. Hence Arabic verse had become interpolated and corrupted, so that it could \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 not in any way be brought forward, otherwise than as a language changed and debased, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and, therefore, was no proper argument affecting books that relate to the Divine \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 mysteries.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1614\sb17\sl-260\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The use in the Coran of terms of luxury and artificial life, introduces a new \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 subject, namely, the material inducements contributing to the propagation of Islam. The\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3454\colsr160\colno2\colw8486\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb65\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 WORLDLY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri74\sb1\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 INDUCEMENTS \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 for the propagat

ion \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of Islam (90-92).\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb22\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Arabs, as every one acquainted with history knew, were a needy and\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1561\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 barbarous race, feeding on lizards and such-like food, with no shelter \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 from the hot blast of summer, nor covering from the cold winds of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 winter, hungry and naked. What could they know of rivers of wine and \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 milk; rare fruits and viands; couches of silk and satin spread with velvet cushions upon \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 brocaded carpets; ladies, like pearls hidden within their shells; beautiful pages handing \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 round goblets; delicious shade with murmuring rivulets\u8212?things appertaining rather to the \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 palaces of the Chosroes?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 But travellers brought home from Persia \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-232\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\ri1583\sb6\sl-232\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 On this deterioration of language and imitation of ancient poetry, see \u8220? Bemerkungen über die Aechtheit \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 der alter Arab. Gedichte,\u8221? by Professor Ahlwardt, Greifswald, 1872; also \u8220?Beitrage zur Kenntniss der \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Poesie der alten Araber,\u8221? by Theodor Nöldeke, Hannover, 1864; also an article by myself on \u8220?Ancient \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Arabic Poetry, its Genuineness and Authenticity,\u8221? Royal Asiatic Society\u8217?s Journal, 1879. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 All these luxuries are mentioned in the Coran as appertaining to Paradise; see, for example, Suras xxxvi. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 41; liii. 23; lvi. 17.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5721\shpright4679\shpbottom5741\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz106\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg84}{\bkmkend Pg84}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3734\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3734\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3734\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 INDUCEMENTS TO THE SPREAD OF ISLAM.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 85\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the rumor of these marvellous luxuries; and so hearing led to coveting; and coveting, to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 fighting for the same. His Friend would remember the occasion when the invading \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Moslem army seized baskets laden with the choice things of Persia; and as they tasted the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 delicacies thereof, they spake one to another,\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \u8212?By\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 the Lord! even if there were no Faith \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 to fight for, it were worth our while to fight for these.\ul0\super\cf22\f23\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 And thus they fought against an \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 impious nation over whom the Lord gave them the victory; so that they slew them and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 destroyed their dwellings, for that these had rebelled and shed innocent blood. Even thus \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 doth the Lord visit the sins of stiff-necked peoples, by setting one up against the other. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1614\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expn

dtw-2\charscalex100 Al Kindy proceeds to enumerate various classes brought over to Islam, by sordid \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and unworthy motives. There were first the mongrel boors of the neighbouring Chaldean \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 delta (al Sawâd);\u8212?\u8221?You may address them in Arabic, and they may move their tongue, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 like a parrot, in reply; but they are mongrel still. Some retain at heart the dregs of their \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 old Jewish and Magian faith; others, blown about by the wind of the \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura vii. \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 180; \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-256\slmult0\tx8999 \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 day, cannot tell you the distinction between themselves, the brute \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 xxv. 45. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1612\sb41\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 creation, and their Maker; reared with the beasts of the field, they are like them,\u8212?nay, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 more erring and stupid even than they.\u8221? Again, there are the idolatrous races, and the \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1587\sb37\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 These words were used by Khâlid in a speech to his army after one of his early victories in Irâc.\u8212?\u8221?Annals \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of Early Caliphate,\u8221? p. 75.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6273\shpright4679\shpbottom6293\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz120\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg85}{\bkmkend Pg85}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 86\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Magians and the Jews; low people of the baser sort, aspiring by the profession of Islam, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 to raise themselves to riches and power, and form alliances with the learned and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 honourable. Then there are hypocritical men of the world, who in this way obtain \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 indulgences in marriage and concubinage, forbidden to such as hold by the Christian \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 faith. There is moreover the dissolute class, given over wholly to the lusts of the flesh, \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 who take Islam as a ladder to attain their object. Lastly, there are those who by this means \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 obtain an easier livelihood. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?Now tell me, hast thou ever seen, my Friend (the Lord be gracious unto thee!) or \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 ever heard of, a single person of sound mind,\u8212?any one of learning and experience, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 acquainted with the Scriptures, renouncing Christianity, otherwise than for some such \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 worldly object to be reached only through thy religion, or for some gratification withheld \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 by the faith of Jesus? Thou wilt find none; for, excepting the tempted ones, all continue \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 steadfast in their faith, secure, under our most gracious Sovereign, in the profession of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 their own religion\u8221? \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Certain classes

of apostates and heretics are here described in bitter terms; \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb24\sl-276\slmult0\tx3436 \dn4 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Apostate heretics \tab \up2 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 hypocrites who contemned the Prophet and questioned his claims in \par\pard\li1799\sb43\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 denounced\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 secret, while outwardly pluming themselves in the garb of the Moslem\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-221\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (93,94).\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 faith. There were heretics who held that the Holy Ghost was divided into\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 three portions, given one to Jesus, another to Moses, and the third to a certain person \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 whose name Al Kindy had a horror even to \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg86}{\bkmkend Pg86}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3916\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3916\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3916\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 HYPOCRITICAL ADHERENTS OF ISLAM.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 87\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 mention;\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8212?Mahomet having no lot or part therein. These were the most heathenish and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 detestable of schismatics. Then there were Christian renegades, who used their profession \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 to lord it over innocent and faithful brethren of their old faith,\u8212?wolves ravening the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 lambs, even as our Saviour had foretold. The blasphemies of this Satanic brood were \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 beyond description. They boasted that they could produce traditions to prove anything \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 they liked. What would his Friend say of their profanity in pretending that the Lord had \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sent to Abu Bekr, saying, \u8220?O Abu Bekr, I am well pleased with thee; art thou likewise \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 well pleased with me?\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 It was the old tale,\u8212?there was no prophet but his followers \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 fabricated lies about him. Of a similar kind were the mass of contradictory traditions \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 about the Call to prayer, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 (Adzân) \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Funeral rites, Prayers, Fasts, Festivals, &c., which it \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 would be wearisome to detail, and his Friend knew it all. The passage is wound up with a \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 scathing denunciation of these hypocritical and blasphemous liars. He had spared the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 mention of their calumnies against the existing Government, the name of Islam, Prophets, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Holy men, &c. But their profanities (like those he had mentioned) were so horrible, the \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 wonder was that they were not destroyed by a thunderbolt, \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb32\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 I do not know to what person allusion is here made, and again below at p. 89. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1629\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 As usual, the illustrations go in depreciation of Abu Bekr, as was the fashion of the Alyites at Al \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Mâmûn\u8217?s court. A few reigns later, no one would have dared to repeat traditions affecting the character of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the first three Caliphs.


{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg87}{\bkmkend Pg87}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 88\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\ql \li1799\ri1609\sb254\sl-280\slmult0\tx2519 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 bolt or that the heavens did not fall down and crush them. It was only the mercy and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 longsuffering of God that spared them and gave space for repentance. \line \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Al Kindy now addresses himself to the Moslem conceit,\u8212?advanced by his Friend\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3723\colsr160\colno2\colw8217\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb148\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The name of Mahomet\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri132\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 written on the Throne \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of God (94-96).\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb9\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 in exaltation of Islam,\u8212?that before Creation the Almighty had\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1561\sb5\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 inscribed upon the great Throne the Prophet\u8217?s name along with the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 Moslem creed, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 There is no God but the Lord, and Mahomet is the \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1606\sb0\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Apostle of God. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 He asks, in playful irony, whether this was written up for the benefit of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the Angels lest they should forget it,\u8212?as if those who sang the praises of their Maker \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 when He said, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Let there be light, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 were likely to forget any of His works. Or, was it for the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 benefit of mankind? If so, how were they to see it, while here on earth? and in the Day of \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 judgment, the truth would be too clearly set before the eyes of all, to need any \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 adventitious help. He scouts the notion as unworthy of his Friend; and adds that he never \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 heard of any of the companions of his Friend who shared in these views, nor indeed of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 any wise and intelligent Moslem who did not reject the tale. The idea was a preposterous \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 and ignoble fancy borrowed from the corporeal conception of the Jews that God was \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 seated on a material throne. \par\pard\li1799\sb15\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx6225 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Argument from the seed of Abraham being\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?It is customary for your preachers (he\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-221\slmult0\fi0\tx5505 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?Preferred above all mankind\u8221? (91, 97).\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 proceeds) to preface their sermons by the\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb32\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 following Invocation:\u8212?\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 O Lord,bless Mahomet and the posterity of Mahomet, \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg88}{\bkmkend Pg88}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4775\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4775\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4775\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ORDINANCES OF ISLAM.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 89\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb258\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 even as Thou hast blessed Abraham and the posterity of Abraham; \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and having so said, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 they t

hink that they have exhausted all that can possibly be invoked in the way of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 blessing. Now consider the horrid impiety of connecting thus a person (Mahomet) whose \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 name ye imagine to be written with that of the Most High on the Throne of Light, and on \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 whose behalf alone Adam and the world are said to have been created,\u8212?connecting with \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the name of such a one the posterity of Abraham, including a person whom thou knowest, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 but whose name I should tremble to write in this place.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 But indeed the superiority of the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Israelites over all other nations is reiterated in various passages of the Coran itself, as,\u8212? \line \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8216?O children of Israel, remember the favour wherewith I have favoured \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ii. 47, 123. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1600\sb27\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 you, and preferred you above all mankind,\u8217?\u8212?preferred therefore above thee, and above \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 thy Master, of whose superior excellence thou makest mention.\u8221? This, however, he said \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 in the way of a mere \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 argumentum ad hominem, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and not by any means as conveying his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 own sentiments. For he had throughout carefully avoided reference to race or superior \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 descent,\u8212?seeing that all mankind were of one blood, children of a common parent,\u8212?the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 only difference between man and man being in mind and virtue. And in saying even so \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 much as he had, he deprecates the vulgar aspersion which the ignorant and spiteful \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1618\sb35\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Again, I do not know to what descendant of Abraham reference is here intended, \u8212?so detestable that Al \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Kindy will not even mention his name.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6273\shpright4679\shpbottom6293\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz116\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg89}{\bkmkend Pg89}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 90\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1612\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 might cast upon him, as if he had sought to slight the royal house, the Prophet\u8217?s family, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 or any of his race. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Al Kindy now comes to the various Moslem ceremonies he had been \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 recommended to adopt. Of prayer five times a day and fasting in the month of Ramadhân, \par\pard\li1799\sb33\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3623 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ORDINANCES OF\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 it sufficed to say that his Friend had confessed himself acquainted\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx3623 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ISLAM (97-98).\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 with those duties as perform

ed in a far diviner way under the Christian\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1609\sb15\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 dispensation. In respect of ceremonial washings, he quotes our Saviour\u8217?s words as \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 teaching the vanity of outward cleansing while there was a foul sepulchre within. \u8220?What \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 sense is there in the washing of your hands and feet and your standing up to prayer while \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 your hearts are set upon bloodshed, and rapine, and the enslaving of women taken in \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 war? Hath not our Lord the Christ given us a better lesson,\u8212?Cleanse first that which is \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 within, that the outside may be clean also?\u8217? In respect of circumcision, he reminds his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Friend that he himself, along with those of his persuasion, held that Mahomet was not \par\pard\li1799\sb63\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3163 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Matt. v. 17.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 circumcised. If the precedent of Jesus were urged, he answers that he was\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-221\slmult0\fi0\tx3163 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Ezek. xx. 25.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 circumcised simply to fulfil the law;\u8212?which law, in its sacrifices,\par\pard\li1799\sb9\sl-267\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sabbaths, passover, etc. (\u8220?statutes that were not good\u8221?) having been fulfilled by Christ,\par\pard\li1799\sb36\sl-243\slmult0\fi0\tx3163 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 1Cor. vii. 19;\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 had disappeared in place of ordinances far superior, because entirely\par\pard\li1799\sb44\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3163 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Gal . v. 2.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 spiritual. St. Paul teaches us that circumcision is nothing; and, if trusted in,\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 worse than nothing. In short, both washing and \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg90}{\bkmkend Pg90}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4031\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4031\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4031\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 PILGRIMAGE AND RITES OF MECCA.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 91\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 circumcision were things indifferent; if practised by Christians it was simply by way of \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 habit and ancestral custom and not of obligation.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb4\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The prohibition of swine\u8217?s flesh is combated on the ground that God made all\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9055\colsr160\colno2\colw2885\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb12\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 hings \u8220?very good,\u8221? and that nothing in nature was unholy in itself or\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri53\sb4\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 forbidden;\u8212?excepting only blood, and that which dieth of itself, and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 things offered to idols, for these were unlawful by command of the Lord. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 The reason assigned for the Mosaic prohibition is curious. The Egyptians \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 worshipped kine, goats, etc., as their gods;\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 while, on the contrary, they\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb157\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Gen. i. 31.\par\pard\qj \li9215\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri1712\sb1\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Prohibition of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 swine\u8217?s flesh \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (100-102). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1606\sb4\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 held swine, horses, camels, etc., to be unclean, and offered them in sacrifice to their gods. \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 To disabuse the Israelites of such idolatrous notions, the sacred animals were sacrificed to \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the true God, and their flesh allowed to be eaten; while the other animals deemed unclea

n \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 by the Egyptians were forbidden to be either sacrificed or eaten. As to pork, there was no \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 more \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1582\sb53\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 There are several passages which must be omitted here. Page 98, last eight lines; the reason assigned for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 circumcision is both childish and indelicate. Page 100; first five lines may be true, but the mode of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 expression is gross and offensive. Page 102, lower half (and by consequence first seven lines of page 103), \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 relating to Hagar, and a practice current among the Arabs (\u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? 1st edition, vol. ii. p. 108 \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 note), is at once silly and grossly improper. It is strange that a man of refinement should have admitted such \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 a passage into his book. But it is the habit of the Arabs (see \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Ibid., \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 p. 600), and the sexual law of Islam has \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 not improved the habit. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 In proof he adduces Exod. viii. 26; and also the worship of the golden calf, a relic of Egypt.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5443\shpright4679\shpbottom5463\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz101\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg91}{\bkmkend Pg91}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 92\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 reason why it should be prohibited than the flesh of the camel, ass, or horse, all allowed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 by Mahomet. It was, indeed, a matter indifferent, in which each was free to follow his \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 taste and fancy. The prohibition is moreover set down to the pernicious teaching of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Abdallah ibn Sallam, the Jew, who had depraved the faith; and for this Mahomet himself \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 was nowise responsible. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The invitation to observe the Pilgrimage and the Meccan rites, is derided by Al \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Kindy, as if his Friend took him for a child or a fool. \u8220?Knowest thou not that the same is \par\pard\li1799\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 PILGRIMAGE\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the practice of the Sun-worshippers and Brahmas in India at the present\par\pard\li1799\sb31\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 and rites of\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 day? They make the circuit of their idol temples, with just these\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Mecca (103-108). \tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ceremonies, shaved and naked, or with the dress they call \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 ihrâm. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb2\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 only difference is that ye perform it once in the year at a movable season while they

do it \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 twice at certain solar conjunctions, one in the spring when the heat begins, the other in \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 autumn when the cold sets in.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Such is the origin of these idolatrous customs. Thou well \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 knowest that the Arabs practised them from the foundation of the Kâaba; and thy Master \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 continued the same, with only this alteration, that on account of the distance and labour \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 of travel, he limited the Pilgrimage to one period of the year, and abolished what was \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 indecent in the pilgrim dress.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Thus, that \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Our familiar Indian terms \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Rubbee \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 and \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Khurreef \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 are given for the Spring and Autumn festivals. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb0\sl-240\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Our Author is at fault here; for the only change made by Mahomet in the season of pilgrimage was to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 abolish the intercalary month, so that the pilgrimage shifts with the lunar, instead of being stationary, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 according to the luni-solar year. ---\u8221?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 486.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz124\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg92}{\bkmkend Pg92}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4031\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4031\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4031\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 PILGRIMAGE AND RITES OF MECCA.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 93\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 which ye perform in nothing differs from the idolatrous ceremonies of the Sun-\line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 worshippers and idolaters of India. There is a saying attributed to Omar as he stood by \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the Black Stone and the Station (of Abraham);\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8216?By the Lord! I know that neither of these \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 stones can benefit nor hurt; but I have seen the Prophet kiss them both, and therefore I do \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the same.\u8217? Now whether they spake false or true in attributing this utterance to Omar, \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 they certainly spake what is true as regardeth the stones themselves.\u8221? Shaving the head, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 making bare the body, running the prescribed circuits about the Kâaba, and casting the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 small stones at Minâ, senseless and unmeaning rites, were defended by some as acts of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 service to the Deity; but the worship of God should be conducted, not by unfit and foolish \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 practices, but by observances consonant with reason, pleasing to the Almighty, and \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 edifying to His servants. If otherwise, then why abandon the objectionable customs of the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Magians, who thought it lawful to take to wife their own mothers, sisters, and daughters, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 with other such-like abominations? \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?But what could be more vile \up0 \ex

pndtw-3\charscalex100 (he seizes the \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1615\sb1\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 opportunity of adding) than your own ordinance for legalising remarriage after the thrice\up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 repeated divorce; for by it, \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb32\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The \u8220?Macâm.\u8221? See \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 423 (also 1st edition, vol. ii. p. 38).

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop5995\shpright4679\shpbottom6015\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz105\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg93}{\bkmkend Pg93}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 94\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 a chaste lady, tender and delicate, the mother of virtuous daughters, herself it may be \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 noble-born and held in honour by her kinsfolk,\u8212?this pattern of virtue and refinement \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 must submit her person to the lewd embrace of a hired gallant, before she can be restored \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 to her husband,\u8212?an abominable law, more odious even than the wicked customs of the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Magians. And yet thou invitest me to accept a vile ordinance like this,\u8212?an ordinance \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 against which the very beasts of the field, if ye gave them speech, would cry out for \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 shame!\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 God forbid that I should so do violence to my reason and my nature; the Lord \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 save me from being amongst the transgressors! \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb5\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8220?Thou invitest me to visit the Holy places, \u8216?those blessed and marvellous spots,\u8217? \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 as thou callest them. \u8216?Marvellous,\u8217? in truth, my Friend, must those places be where rites \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 are witnessed so repugnant to common sense. But as for being \u8216? blessed,\u8217? I wish to know \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 what blessing hath ever flowed from visiting them. The sick, the maimed, the leper, the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 possessed of the devil,\u8212?hath any one of these ever returned whole from thence? Such \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 blessings are known only to the Christian faith. The Lord\u8217?s ears are open to the cry of His \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 servants wheresoever it ariseth from an earnest heart; and Christ hath promised that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 where any two shall agree in prayer as touching a thing, it shall be granted.\u8221? Al Kindy \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 then dilates, with much apparent complacency, on the cures which, at the intercession of \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Monks, Priests, and Holy men of God, were \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb53\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Al Kindy\u8217?s words are strong, but not too strong, here. See \u8220?Life of Mahomet,\u8221? p. 350.

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\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg94}{\bkmkend Pg94}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3335\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3335\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3335\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 RELIGIOUS WAR: CONTRADICTORY COMMANDS.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 95\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 wrought in churches, monasteries, and other sacred places, where men were wont to call \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 on the name of the Lord. Through such intercessions, blessings descended on the humble \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 and the pious; and even the wicked, if they returned, would be graciously received, as our \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 Author shows in the words of the parable of the Prodigal Son.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1623\sb17\sl-260\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?Distinguish now, my Friend, between thy Faith and mine, and let not misguided \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 zeal mislead thee, for that is naught but Satan\u8217?s guile, according to the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura xii. 6; \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-235\slmult0\tx8999 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 text: \u8216?Satan verily is the enemy of mankind.\u8217? Seest thou not (the Lord \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 xvii. 53; xx. 30. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb54\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 have mercy on thee!) that thou art calling me from an unspeakable priceless blessing, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 coveted by the Angels, and longed for by Prophets and Kings, and Holy men of old, to \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 that which my soul loatheth, and which is utterly repugnant to my reason? Were I to \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 consent, I trow not that I should be among the faithful.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb2\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?And then, thou callest on me \u8216?to enter on \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 The way of the Lord,\u8217? \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 that is to wage \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 war against other religions, to smite with sword, and make slaves of \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The Saracenic \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-255\slmult0\tx8999 \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 mankind, until they confess \u8216?that there is no God but the Lord, and that \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 crusade (108-\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb5\sl-256\slmult0\tx8999 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Mahomet is his Servant and Apostle;\u8217? or, if they refuse, until they pay \tab \up3 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 121). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb25\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 tribute with their hands and are humbled.\u8217? Dost thou indeed desire (may the Lord \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 enlighten thee!) that \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1617\sb70\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 In this section, which I have more than usually abbreviated, quotations are given from Ps. xxxiv. and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 cxlv.; Matt. xviii. 19; x. 8.; and Luke xv.


{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg95}{\bkmkend Pg95}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 96\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 I should work the works of Satan, the bereft of mercy, who first himself beguiled \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 mankind, and then, by filling them with hate and bitterness, hath made them his tools, to \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 carry out thereby his devilish ends of murder, slavery, and rapine. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb17\sl-260\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \u8220?Now tell me how thou wilt reconcile the two sets of passages that follow (for \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 CONTRADICTORY \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 they are confessedly discordant) out of the Book thou holdest to be \par\pard\li1799\sb2\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3705 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 PASSAGES.\tab \dn4 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 divine? The first,\u8212? \u8216?Let there be a people amongst you who invite to\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb9\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 that which is just, enjoin the right and forbid the evil; these shall be blessed.\u8217? Again, \u8216?The \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura iii. 104. \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 direction of them appertaineth not unto thee; but, rather, the Lord directeth \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 whom he pleaseth.\u8217? And more forcibly still: \u8216?Had the Lord so pleased, verily all that are \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ii. 273. \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 on the earth would have believed, every one. Wilt thou, then, compel men to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 become believers, seeing that no soul can believe but by command (or permission) of \line \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura x. 98. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 God?\u8217? Seest thou not how these commands are inconsistent with force? \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Hear yet again: \u8216?SAY, O men, the truth hath verily now come unto you from your Lord; \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura x. 107. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 he, therefore, that is rightly directed, is directed for the benefit of his own \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 soul; and he that erreth, erreth only against the same; I am no Guardian over you. Do thou \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 (O Mahomet) follow that which is revealed unto thee. Be patient until the Lord decide; \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura xi. 119. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 for he is the best of all Deciders.\u8217? Similarly, in another text: \u8216?If thy Lord had \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 pleased, he had made all men of \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg96}{\bkmkend Pg96}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3431\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3431\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3431\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10199 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 RELIGIOUS WAR: CONTRADICTORY PASSAGES.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 97\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 one faith; but they shall not cease to differ among themselves, excepting those upon \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 whom thy Lord hath mercy; and unto this hath he created them.\u8217? Again, thy Master \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 reiterates emphatically, that he \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Was sent with Mercy to the whole human race.\ul0\super\cf22\f23\fs23 1\ul0\nos

upersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8216?Mercy,\u8217? \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in slaying, plundering, and enslaving! The Jews accuse thy Book of contradicting itself. I \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 will use no such opprobrious expression towards the Book; but what I say is, that thou, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 my Friend, contradictest thyself. Thou art never weary of crying up thy faith as divine; \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and anon, thou turnest clean round, and sayest just the opposite; for what, after all, are \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 these doings,\u8212?killing and shedding of blood, rapine and robbery, and making slaves of \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 men and women, what are they, but the works of the Devil? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb7\sl-273\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8220?If the precedent of Moses and Joshua be urged, I demand miracles such as they \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 wrought in justification of the commission to fight. Moreover, they fought against \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 idolaters; but here, the horrors of war, bloodshed, rapine, and slavery are hurled against \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the innocent, nay, against the very people of God,\u8212?those who observe His ordinances, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 devote soul and body to His service, believe in His Messiah, worship Him and are guided \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 into the right way,\u8212?those whose leaders are blessed and renowned both in this world and \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 that which is to come. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb2\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?Still further, thou art not content with this, but insistest on calling it \u8216?The Way of \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the Lord.\u8217? God forbid that such should be His way, or that His \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1742\sb70\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The words are not quoted literally; but the expression occurs in more than one passage, as Sura xxi. 107; \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 xxviii. 47.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz122\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg97}{\bkmkend Pg97}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4502 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 98\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\li1799\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 children should commit such crimes; for He loveth not the transgressors. And then thou\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-274\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 hast it revealed, in direct contradiction thereof,\u8212?\u8217?Let there be no constraint in religion.\u8217?\par\pard\li1799\sb43\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3076 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ii. 25\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 And, again, \u8216?Say unto those who have received the Scriptures, and to the\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-221\slmult0\fi0\tx3076 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura iii. 20.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Gentiles,\u8212?Do ye embrace Islam? Now, if they embrace it, they are surely\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb13\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 guided aright; but, if they turn their backs, verily unto thee (O Prophet) belongeth \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 delivery of the message only, for God observeth His servants.\u8217? And yet again, \u8216?If the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Lord had so willed,

those who came after them \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 (i.e. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 after Jesus and his Apostles) would \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 not have contended among themselves, after manifest signs had been shown unto them. \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ii. 254. \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 But they fell to variance. Some believed, and some believed not. And if God \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 had so pleased, they had not so contended. But the Lord doeth so as it pleaseth Him.\u8217? And \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 yet once more, addressing the Unbelievers (Kâfirs), thy Master is bidden to say, \u8216?Ye have \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 your religion, and I have mine.\u8217? And finally, \u8216?Contend not with the People of the Book,\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 but in the way that is most mild and gracious.\u8217? And then, in the teeth of it all, thou stirrest \par\pard\li1799\sb74\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3172 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura cix.\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 up thy people to attack mankind with the sword, to plunder them and lead\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx3172 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura xxix. 46.\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 them away captive, that they may be forced to embrace the faith by\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 violence and against their will. Which of the two directions am I to follow, the first or the \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 last? \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb74\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 That is, Jews and Christians.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz121\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg98}{\bkmkend Pg98}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved.\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw9249\colsr110\colno2\colw2741\colsr160\ql \li3431\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3431\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3431\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li3431\sb105\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 RELIGIOUS WAR: CONTRADICTORY PASSAGES.\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u8220?Thou wilt say, then, that one of the two sets of texts is cancelled by \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the other. But which cancelleth, and which is cancelled that thou canst not \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 show. Thou hast confessedly neither proof nor certain knowledge in this \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 matter; and it may be that thou mistakest the one for the other. How are we\par\pard\column \ql \li10199\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10199\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li10199\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \par\pard\ql \li860\sb105\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 99\par\pard\qj \li9359\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj \li20\ri1861\sb190\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 One set of \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 passages\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1683\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 cancelled by \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the other. \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 to discriminate the true from the false, for the two sets of passages, both being in thy \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100

Book, are directly opposed the one to the other; and there is this risk that the one which \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 thou regardest as true, and on which thou art bound to act, may be the one that is false \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and therefore to be abandoned; so that really each doth counteract the other, and neither \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 can be the command of the Lord. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb0\sl-277\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?And, now, say,\u8212?Hath it ever reached thine ears,\ul0\nosupersub\cf9\f10\fs16 c\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 or hast thou ever read in any \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 book, sacred or profane, of a preacher, other than thy Master, imposing his creed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 by force, or summoning men to believe, against their conscience, by sword and threat, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 rapine and slavery? Even the abhorred Magians claim that inspiration descended on \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Zerdasht, at the hill Sailân, and that Kashtasaf and his people believed on seeing the \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 miracle of the dead horse brought to life again, and that the twelve thousand volumes of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the Zendavesta were revealed in every human tongue (which yet if ye ask the meaning \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 thereof no one can tell it). After the same manner is the miracle of the Phoenix wrought \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 by Bood in India, from the bowels of which a damsel issued, prophesying, and testifying \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 that Bood Was a divine image, and his doctrine true. These \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg99}{\bkmkend Pg99}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 100\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 are but examples. And so, my Friend, thou wilt find in history mention of no teacher, true \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 or false, who did not advance some kind of proof, to be weighed in the scales of right and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 wrong, excepting only thy Master; for he used no other argument that I can see, but the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sword. Nor wilt thou hear of any other but he, standing up and saying,\u8212?\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Whoever\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 doth \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 not accept me as a Prophet and the Apostle of God, the same shall be slain, his goods \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 seized, and his women and children carried of captive;\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8212?and\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 all this without a tittle of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 evidence! \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?As for the ministry of our blessed Saviour, it is too sacred and excellent to be \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 brought into comparison here. Thou knowest it all. Now say, my Friend, doth it become a \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 man of thine intelligence and culture to ask one like me, who hath devoted my life to the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 study of men and things, to embrace a faith like this,\u8212?I who read the words of the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Saviour,\u8212?he that is my garment and my righteousness, by night and by day? Hearken \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 unto His gracious voice:\u8212?\u8217?Be tender unto all mankind, and merciful; that ye may be like \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 unto your Father in Heaven, for He causeth His sun to shine on the good and on the bad, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and sendeth down His rain upon the righteous and upon the wicked.\u8217? How should I, with \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 these words ringing in my ears,\u8212?I who have been nurtured in this blessed faith of Grace \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 and Mercy,\u8212?so that it hath become part of my flesh, my bones, my blood, my very \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 life,\u8212?God forbid that I should harden my heart and become rebellious, changed into the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 image of Iblis, the Enemy of mankind and Murderer: and should smite with the \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg100}{\bkmkend Pg100}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\

sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3499\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3499\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3499\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 RELIGIOUS WAR CONTRARY TO DIVINE LAW.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 101\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1608\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 sword, and slay children of mine own species, the seed of Adam formed by the hand of \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the Almighty, and in the likeness of the Most High:\u8212?He that saith, \u8216?I desire not the death \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 of the sinner, who is to-day in his sins, and on the morrow, if he repent, I will receive him \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 as a tender Father doth.\u8217?\u8221? Upon this there follows a glowing description of the glory and \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 honour bestowed on humanity by the Son of God having taken our nature, and as such \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 being worshipped by angels and endowed with all power in heaven and earth,\u8212?our \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Brother, seated at the right hand of the Majesty on high, and who will come hereafter as \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the judge of men, angels, and devils. \u8220?Wilt thou, my Friend, that I, rejecting His grace \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and favour, should destroy and enslave mine own species, ennobled thus and allied with \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the Divine nature? God forbid? I flee at the impious suggestion unto the Lord for refuge, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 from His wrath and indignation!\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1619\sb0\sl-300\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Should his Friend urge, as an analogy, that God sends death, famine, and such like \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 calamities on mankind, our Apologist would reply (not with the childish \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Religious war as \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx8999 \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 answer his Friend once made, in a former discussion held with him \u8220?On \tab \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 a Divine remedy. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb32\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the soul,\u8221? that \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 God made it so\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ) as follows:\u8212?\u8221?The Lord sendeth death and calamities \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 upon His servants not because He hateth and seeketh to injure them, for then why should \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He ever have created mankind, and why seek (as we know He doth) to fulfil them with \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 His grace and mercy, and take them from this transitory and im-\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb53\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 A pious form of ejaculation at anything monstrous or horrible.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz122\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg101}{\bkmkend Pg101}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 102\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 perfect life, to the blessed life above? Rather, these trials and calamities

are meant as a \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 probation to prepare for the reward hereafter;\u8212?even as a skilful and gracious physician, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 seeking to recover the sick, giveth bitter medicine and nauseous draughts; now starveth \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the appetite, and now even burneth with the cautery; or cutteth off a limb with the sharp \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 knife. No one would say that he doeth this from hate or enmity; rather he doeth it to \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 recover his patient from pain and disease, and bestow upon him the blessings of health. \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 But you will say, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 God might have made man happy without these trials. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Of course, I \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 rejoin, He might; and even so, He might not have created this earth at all, but have placed \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 man from the first, without trial or trouble, and without any claim of merit, in Paradise. \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 But in His sovereign wisdom He hath made the world, and this life a pilgrimage, and us \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 as \u8216?Sons of the road,\u8217? resting for the night as it were in a Khân or Hostelry, that He might, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 after proving us for a while with trial and hunger, translate us to our reward in the Home \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 above of endless peace and happiness. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb4\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 \u8220?Now if this thy Master, whom thou invitest me to follow, slew, enslaved, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 scourged, and expatriated men and women, and did all this with the view of raising them \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 to a better state,\u8212?by my life! surely he would rather have been patient in admonition, \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 and kind, and gracious,\u8212?following therein the example of the High and Holy One. But \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 he did not thus, neither concerned himself for this end. The aim of it all was the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 aggrandisement of himself and his fellows, \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg102}{\bkmkend Pg102}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3988\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3988\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3988\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 CHRISTIAN AND MOSLEM MARTYRS.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 103\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1621\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 and the establishment of his kingdom according to his own words,\u8212?\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Until\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 they pay \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 tribute with their hand and are humbled. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Seest thou not, my clear-sighted \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ix. 30. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb3\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Friend, that his desire was not to bring them from infidelity to faith, nor had it any regard \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 for their well-being and happiness, but like other conquerors, the object was simply to \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 extend his empire? And yet in the Book thou holdest to be divine, he purporteth to have \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 been commanded thus: \u8216?Say to the people of the Book and to the Gentiles, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Do ye accept \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Islam?. . . \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and if they turn their backs, verily thy duty is only to deliver the message.\u8217? \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Dost thou not perceive that he was commanded to preach with his lips, and forbidden to \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 strike with the sword? Now the Lord enlighten thee, my Friend, and enable thee to escape \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 from the horns of this dilemma!\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1624\sb0\sl-300\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 Al Kindy next contrasts the merits of the Martyrs under the two religions. \u8220?I \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 marvel much,\u8221? he says, \u8220?that ye call those Martyrs that fall in war. \dn4 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 MOSLEM MARTYRS \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx8462 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Thou hast read, no doubt, in history of the followers of Christ put \tab \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 contrasted with \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb16\s

l-244\slmult0\tx8462 \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 to death in the persecutions of the Kings of Persia and elsewhere. \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Christian (117-121). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb31\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Are these more worthy to be called Martyrs, or thy fellows that fall fighting for the world \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and the power thereof?\u8221? Then follows a description of various barbarities and kinds of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 death inflicted on the Christian confessors. The more they were slain, the more rapidly \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 spread the faith; in place of one, sprang up a hundred. On a certain occasion, when a great \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 multitude had been put to death, one said to \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg103}{\bkmkend Pg103}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 104\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the king, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 The number of them increaseth, instead of (as thou thinkest) diminishing. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?How \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 can that be?\u8221? exclaimed the king. \u8220?Yesterday,\u8221? replied the Courtier, \u8220?thou didst put such \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and such a one to death, and immediately there were converted just double that number; \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 and the people say that a man appeared to the confessors from heaven, strengthening \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 them at the last moment.\u8221? The king finding this to be true, was thereupon himself \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 converted, and the persecution stayed. These men thought not their lives dear unto them. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Some were transfixed while yet alive; of others, the limbs were cut off one after another. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Some were cast to the wild beasts, and others burned in the fire. Such continued long to \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 be the fate of the Christian confessors. No parallel will be found to it in any other \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 religion: and all was endured with constancy, and even with joy. The story is related of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 one who smiled in the midst of great suffering:\u8212?Was it cold water,\u8221? they asked, \u8220?that \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 was brought to thee?\u8221? \u8220?No,\u8221? answered the Martyr; \u8220?but a youth stood by me and anointed \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 my wounds; and that made me smile; for the pain forthwith departed, and seemed as if it \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 had entered into my tormentors instead.\u8221? But this Angel, you may say, could equally well \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 have stayed the hand of the persecutors, and that might have turned to their conversion? \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 To this Al Kindy answers, True, for if God had so willed, He might have forced all men \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 into the faith; but then the glory of Humanity, which lies in the Freewill thereof, would \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 have gone, and with it the merit of obedience based on evidence without the constant \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg104}{\bkmkend Pg104}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3988\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3988\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3988\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 CHRISTIAN AND MOSLEM MARTYRS.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 105\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 show of miracles. Because miracles were needful only for those of the early ages, in \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 order to perfect their faith. But these interpositions are now withdrawn, to make it \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 manifest that obedience is to be grounded on free and intelligent conviction. And if men \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 having such evidence refuse the truth except they see miracles, the Lord leaveth them in \line \up0 \expndtw-5\cha

rscalex100 their error. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 With all this, however, our Apologist holds that the virtue of working miracles, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 though latent, still survives in the Christian Church; and of all religions in it alone. He \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 had seen with his own eyes, as well as heard on sufficient evidence, of cures wrought by \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the clergy and monks in their holy places, tombs, and churches dedicated to the Christian \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 martyrs, and also in virtue of their bones and relics. It was so in every land of the East \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and West, excepting only the land of Mahomet, for in Arabia there never had been any \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 professors of this class, saving only Sergius and Bahîra.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-275\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?Now looking with an impartial eye,\u8221? proceeds Al Kindy, \u8220?tell me seriously, my \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Friend, which of these two hath the best claim to be called a Martyr \u8216?slain in the ways of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 the Lord\u8217?: he who surrendereth his life rather than renounce his faith,\u8212?who when it is \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 said, Fall down and worship the sun and moon, or the idols of silver and gold, work of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 men\u8217?s hands, instead of the True God,\u8212?refuseth, choosing rather to give up life, abandon \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1597\sb60\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Our Author need not have forgotten the Christians of Najrân, with their Bishop Coss, and the martyrs of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the Fiery Pits. See \u8220? Life of Mahomet,\u8221? pp. v. and 84, and Sura lxxxv.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz112\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg105}{\bkmkend Pg105}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 106\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 wealth, and forego even wife and family;\u8212?or he that goeth forth, ravaging and laying \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 waste, plundering and spoiling, slaying the men, carrying off their children into captivity, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 and ravishing their wives and maidens in his unlawful embrace; and then shall call it \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Jehâd in the ways of the Lord, \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and shall say of him that slayeth or is slain that \u8216?he hath \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 inherited Paradise.\u8217? Judge aright, my Friend, in this matter. If a robber plundering a house \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 should fall into a well, or the wall fall down upon him, or the owner rush out and strike \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 him, so that he die; would bloodmoney at all be claimable for such a one? I trow that no \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Cadhee would so decide. How then shall Paradise be to him who falleth upon a people \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 unawares, secure and at peace in their homes,\u8212?he knowing not them nor they him; \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 plundering, enslaving, and ravishing? And, not content therewith, instead of humbling \li

ne \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 thyself before the Lord and seeking pardon for the crime,\u8212?thou sayest of such a one, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 whether he slay or be slain, that \u8216?he hath earned Paradise,\u8217? and thou namest him \u8216?a Martyr \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in the ways of the Lord\u8217?! If such be thy judgment, it is naught but the judgment of Satan, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 the Enemy of Adam and his race from of old. But well I know that thy reason and justice \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 both forbid it.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He pauses to apologise for the warmth of his language. Sparks will fly from the \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 flint when it is struck by steel. It was his friend himself who had enlarged the sphere of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 this discussion; and there had been much need for the stipulated forbearance on either \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 side. Moreover, his argument was intended \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg106}{\bkmkend Pg106}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4622\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4622\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4622\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10007 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 WORLDLY INDUCEMENTS.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 107\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 not merely for his friend, but for all who should read his book. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1623\sb0\sl-320\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Of the temporal enjoyments held out as a motive for his conversion, he says that \up2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 these flit past like a dream of the night, or the lightning which, \dn4 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Temporal \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx8731 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 dazzling the eye of the bystander for a moment, leaves him in deeper \tab \dn3 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 inducements offered \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb13\sl-223\slmult0\tx8731 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 darkness. Such was not the chief end of a rational and immortal \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 by Islam (121-123). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1620\sb19\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 being. Holy men of God sought rather to be freed from these allurements. The Coran tells \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 us that the Almighty \u8220?created Men and Genii only that they might serve Him.\u8221? That was \line \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the true end of man: and now his Friend turned round and tried \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura li. 56. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb22\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 inconsistently to snare him with this bait \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 ,\u8212?Marry such women as are pleasing to thee, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 two, three, or four; and slave-girls without stint;\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 eat, drink, and enjoy life like the beasts \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 that have no restraint either of reason or revelation. As for the \u8220?change of wives,\u8221? and \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 especially the \u8220?thrice-repeated divorce,\u8221? he had already dwelt upon it,\u8212?the latter being \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 an abomination, denounced by the prophet Jeremiah, and by all other \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Jeremiah iii. i. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-231\slmult0\tx9091 \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 creeds and nations; and he would not defile his book by dwelling further \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Deut. xxiv. 4. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb32\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 on the revolting subject. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1679\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Coming now near to the close of his argument against Islam, our Author \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 thankfully acknowledges the guarantee of immunity in the free treatment of their \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 discussion. Our Saviour, indeed, bade us \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb33\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosu

persub\cf6\f7\fs20 Quoted from his Friend\u8217?s epistle, page 20.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz115\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg107}{\bkmkend Pg107}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 108\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\li1799\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 not to fear him who hath power over the body only, but to fear the Creator of both soul\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-274\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and body. Nevertheless Al Kindy had gained additional freedom and assurance from the\par\pard\li1799\sb39\sl-267\slmult0\fi0\tx3705 \dn4 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Thanks given for\tab \up2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 just and impartial rule of the Commander of the Faithful, who always\par\pard\li1799\sb40\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3705 \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 guarantee of security\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 protected the weak like the Apologist himself, and under the shadow\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx3705 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (123).\tab \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of whose benign and powerful sceptre the Christian community\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1601\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 reposed in comfort and security. And he besought the Lord, who answered the prayers of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 his faithful servants, to grant every worldly blessing both to the august person of the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Caliph himself and to his family. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Referring, once more, to his Friend\u8217?s invitation to share with him the honours and \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 dignities of the realm and the rank proper to his distinguished Kindite birth, our \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-241\slmult0\tx4065 \dn4 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Our Apologist will not be \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Apologist says that the Lord truly had bestowed upon the kindred \par\pard\li1799\sb58\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4065 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 dazzled by prospect of\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of his Friend the Caliphate, with all its honours and distinctions;\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-221\slmult0\fi0\tx4065 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 distinctions (123, 124).\tab \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and long might it remain safe and intact in the Abbasside line of\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the Prophet\u8217?s house. But, as for the glory that remaineth, there was none but that which \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 arose from a holy life. The Prophet himself, addressing his people, said, \u8220?O ye seed of \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Abd Menâf, birth and dignity shall profit nought either for me or for you: verily, with the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Lord, the best of you is the holiest.\u8221? And truly, holy men of God have mostly had little to \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 boast of in race, or blood, or worldly greatness; their piety was their nobility; the world to \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 come, their inheritance. Our Apologist had no \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg108}{\bkmkend Pg108}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl

-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li5236\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5236\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5236\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE TRINITY.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 109\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 desire to parade his ancestry, descended though he was from the Kings of the Beni Kinda, \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 whose authority was once acknowledged over all Arabia; for as the apostle Paul had said, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 He that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 . Beyond that glory he had no ambition. His \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 boast was in the faith of Christ, whom to know was life eternal. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb9\sl-270\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The Hâshimite had spoken of the need of the Prophet\u8217?s advocacy in the Day of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Judgment, when he would cry aloud, \u8220?These are my kin; these are my people!\u8221? and his \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 intercession would prevail.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?My dearest Friend,\u8221? answers Al \dn4 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Promise of Mahomet\u8217?s \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-258\slmult0\tx8462 \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Kindy, \u8220?are thine eyes asleep, or dreaming, that thou utterest such \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 intercession (124, 125). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb29\sl-274\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 senilities? There is no shadow of doubt but that our Lord Jesus Christ,\u8212?the same as is \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 borne testimony to in thine own Book,\u8212?in that day will be sole Judge, rendering by the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 strictest rule of right, to every man according to his deeds, be they good or evil. \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Righteousness alone will then avail.\u8221? Let not his Friend be beguiled by the lying vanities \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of the world. The march was swift; death was near; the day at hand, when we must all \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 stand before the Judgment-seat, and then repentance, excuse, and supplication would be \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 all too late. And so he ends an earnest personal appeal, of which I have contented myself \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 with giving the mere outline. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1686\sb2\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?Thou invitest me,\u8221? he continues, \u8220?to the \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Easy way of faith and practice. \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Alas, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 alas! and our Saviour \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Page 19.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz120\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1881\shptop7718\shpright3321\shpbottom7718\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz234\shplid1{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineWidth}{\sv 11224}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg109}{\bkmkend Pg109}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Res

erved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 110\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\li1799\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 telleth us in the Gospel, When ye have done all that ye are commanded, say, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 We are\par\pard\li1799\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3705 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Islam an \u8220?easy\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 unprofitable servants; we have done that which was commanded us,\par\pard\li1799\sb26\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3705 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 religion\u8221? (125, 126).\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 and where is our merit? \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 The same Lord Jesus saith, \u8216?How strait is the\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1603\sb0\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 road which leadeth unto life, and how few they that walk therein! how wide the gate that \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 leadeth to destruction, and many there be who go in thereat!\u8217? Different this, my Friend, \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 from the facilities of thy wide and easy gate, and thine advice to me to enjoy the \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 pleasures offered by thy faith in wives and damsels!\u8221? Then he prays that God would \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 guide his friend from such deceits and errors into the right way, and from the darkness in \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 which he was shrouded into the marvellous light of the Gospel. Such prayers (he adds) \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 are constantly put up by the Christian Church for all sorts and conditions of men,\u8212?that \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sinners might be converted, and the faithful built up. \u8220?May the Lord fulfil the same for \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thee and for all our brethren!\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1611\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 He now proceeds to answer the double objection,\u8212?that to acknowledge the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Trinity, and to worship the Cross, are both of them \u8220?blasphemy and error.\u8221? The first our \par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-260\slmult0\fi0\tx3974 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The Trinity defended\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Author (having disposed of it before) treats here but briefly.\par\pard\li1799\sb29\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3974\tx9086 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 from his adversary\u8217?s\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Moslems call the doctrine of the Trinity \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 takhlît\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 (confusion of\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx3974 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 objections (126, 127).\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 essence), but so in truth they call everything which they do not\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 comprehend, according to the proverb, \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Man is an enemy to whatever he doth not \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 understand,\u8212?\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8221?a\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 principle from which the Lord defend us!\u8221? That which they call \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg110}{\bkmkend Pg110}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li5366\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5366\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5366\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE FÂTEHA.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 111\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 takhlît \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 was an ineffable mystery before the Creation; and thereafter, the angels and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 cherubim, prophets and holy men of God, desired to look into the little that was revealed \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 of it by distant adumbration; until the Son Himself came and unfolded the same;\u8212?as \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 when He said,\u8212?\u8221?Go and call all nations to the true and perfect knowledge, that which is \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.\u8221? The Apostles received \up0 \expndtw-1\ch

arscalex100 this commission from His sacred lips, and handed it down to us, the whole company of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 believers, accompanied by signs and wonders; and we stand firmly upon the same, and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 will, by the grace of God, do so to the end of time. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1618\sb0\sl-300\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 The adoration of the Cross is dwelt upon at greater length, but may be disposed of \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 briefly here. It was not the Cross they worshipped, but the power \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Adoration of the Cross \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx8462 \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 that dwelt in it as a symbol, the strength derived therefrom, and the \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (127-129). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb10\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 redemption wrought out upon the same. \u8220?We reverence it, as we reverence symbols of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 royalty; even as the Israelites reverenced the ark\u8212?not the wooden material, but the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 presence which it signified;\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and so we follow the example of prophets and holy men, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 when we do homage to the Cross.\u8221? Here he takes the opportunity of bringing home to his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 friend the inconsistency between his practice and profession, for it seems that he had \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 been in the habit, when in sudden peril, of invoking the Cross, or using the sign, as a \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-220\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1625\sb71\sl-220\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Here he quotes Numbers x. 35; when the Ark was set forward, Moses said, \u8220?Rise up, Lord, and let thine \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 enemies be scattered,\u8221? &c.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz116\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg111}{\bkmkend Pg111}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 112\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 safeguard. Repeated occasions are quoted when this had happened to his friend;\u8212?once \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 on falling from his beast; again when he fled from some danger; and yet again when on a \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 journey to Omar Al Karakh, a lion started up before them as they neared Sabât al \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Medâin.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 He refers also to an assembly in which his friend seems to have recognised and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 avowed the practice. \u8220?And now,\u8221? says Al Kindy, \u8220?thou writest as if it were a superstition \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 which bringeth no good, but hurt. I should like to know what hath changed thy mind; and \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 what hurt the appeal to the Cross hath ever caused thee?\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1615\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Before passing on to the evidences of Christianity, Al Kindy founds a quaint but \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 affectionate remonstrance on his friend\u8217?s daily use of the Fâteha. (Sura i.) \u8220?Thine earnest \par\pard\li1799\sb45\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4065 \up0 \expndt

w0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The Fâteha; or prayer not\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 appeal to embrace thy faith,\u8221? he says, \u8220?deserveth my gratitude as\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx4065 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 to be among those who\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 a friendly act; and now if I reverse the appeal to thee, I shall\par\pard\li1799\sb2\sl-231\slmult0\fi0\tx4065 \up3 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 go astray (130-132).\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 deserve thy thanks with an infinitely deeper meaning. Nay, what\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb50\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 need have I to speak, when thou thyself, five times in the day, repeatest in thy prayer,\u8212? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1612\sb7\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 Guide\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 us into the straight path, the path of those Thou art gracious unto, not of those \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura i. \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 with whom thou art wroth, nor of them that go astray? \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Now, if thou art already \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 rightly guided, what need hast thou to beg with prostration and importunity, in every \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 prayer of thine, \u8216?to be guided \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb53\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 A village in Mesopotamia, near Medâin (Ctesiphon).\u8212?\u8221?Annals of the Early Caliphate,\u8221? pp. 138, 179.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6547\shpright4679\shpbottom6567\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz123\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg112}{\bkmkend Pg112}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4867\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4867\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4867\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE CHRISTIAN FAITH.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 113\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1622\sb262\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 into the right path, and not into the path of those that go astray?\u8217? There would thus be no \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 reason in the prayer. If, then, thou art not yet rightly guided, inform me, my Friend (the \line \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Lord bless thee!) who those people are on whom God is gracious, and into \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura iii. 110. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb26\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 whose way thou art ever praying, night and day, to be guided. And yet thou claimest to be \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8216?the best people that have been raised up,\u8217? and thy faith the most approved of God for \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 thee. Which religion, then, is meant in this thy prayer?\u8221? Hereupon he enumerates the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 various religions of the world; the Magians and Jews, both of whom he condemns with \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 characteristic warmth; the idolaters of Arabia, Atheists, Brahmas, etc. \u8220?And now, as thou \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 canst not but agree with me in rejecting each and all of these, there remaineth only as \u8216?the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 faith of those on whom the Lord is gracious,\u8217? the Christian faith: that truly is the \u8216?strait \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 path\u8217? which leadeth to the knowledge of God, and His Word, and Spirit; and all the \lin

e \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 ordinances thereof are spiritual and perfect. I ask thee to accept it, for indeed thou art \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 already well acquainted with the same, and canst not gainsay me in thus praising it. To us \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 this gracious Gospel hath been given; thine own Master beareth testimony to it in his \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Book; and all religions bow down before it. Give heed, my Friend, to what I have here \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 put before thee: study it as one that seeketh to have his soul directed aright, not as one \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 that seeketh to beguile the same. Each soul is responsible for the road it taketh. If the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 truth be truth, then follow the same; it behoveth thee not to stifle conviction. The Lord \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 guide thee \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg113}{\bkmkend Pg113}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 114\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 aright, and direct thy feet into \u8216?the strait path,\u8217? by His power and grace!\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 The remainder of the Apology is devoted by Al Kindy to the evidences of \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Christianity and a brief account of the life and teaching of our Saviour. His Friend had\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3636\colsr160\colno2\colw8304\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb143\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 An account of THE\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri83\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 CHRISTIAN FAITH \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (132-164).\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb9\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 begged for this;\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and Al Kindy compliments him as specially\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1561\sb5\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 qualified, both by natural gifts and by knowledge of the subject, to \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 grasp the argument. He first offers up a prayer that the Holy Spirit\u8217?s \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 light and guidance might be shed upon his Friend, and all his readers; and then proceeds \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 with his subject. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Eight pages are devoted to the prophecies of the Old Testament, from all parts of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 which quotations are freely taken. It is unnecessary to say more than that neither in the \par\pard\li1799\sb34\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Old Testament\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 passages selected, nor in the manner of applying them, does the\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 prophecies (133-138).\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Apology materially differ from similar treatises in the present day.\par\pard\li1799\sb10\sl-272\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 The section closes with a powerful defence of the Jewish Scriptures against the charge of\par\pard\li1799\sb14\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3974 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Jewish Scriptures\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 interpolation and corruption. First we have their common use from\par\pard\li1799\sb18\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3974 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 uncorrupted (138-140).\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the earliest times by Christians as well as Jews, notwithstanding\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 that these are irreconcilably opposed to each other on every point besides this only one. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1617\sb12\sl-280\slmult0\tx3163 \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura x. 93. \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Then the Scriptures are attested by the Coran itself, for in it we read as \line\up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 follows:\u

8212?\u8221?If thou art in doubt as to what We have revealed \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-7\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Page 29.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz116\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg114}{\bkmkend Pg114}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4843\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4843\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4843\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE GOSPEL HISTORY.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 115\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1620\sb260\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 unto thee, then ask those who read the Book (revealed) from before thee,\u8212?that verily the \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 truth hath come unto thee from thy Lord, and be not thou among them that doubt.\u8221? And \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 still more explicitly:\u8212?\u8221?They to whom we have given the Book read it according to its \line \dn2 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 true reading. These are they that believe therein; and whosoever believeth \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ii. 122. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb26\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 not therein, they shall be lost.\u8221? \u8220?Our \u8216?reading\u8217? is here asserted to be the right one, and thy \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 Master directeth that we (that is we Christians) are to be asked concerning the same, and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 that what we declare in respect of it must be accepted. How then canst thou accuse us of \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 corruption, or of \u8216?changing the text from its place?\u8217? That would be to contradict thyself, \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 and go back from the rule of fair interpretation which we agreed upon for the conduct of \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 this argument.\u8221? He points out further the utter impossibility of collusion. How could \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 nations of different religion, and various sects scattered over every land, agree to falsify \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 their Scriptures? It were an unheard-of thing. Finally, he contrasts the Christian \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 Scriptures with the Moslem, dwelling briefly on his former arguments as to the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 heterogeneous character of the materials and composition of the Coran, and the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 compulsory enforcement of its acceptance, without miracle or proof, at the point of the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 sword. \u8220?Judge fairly, my Friend; for verily the Lord hath appointed reason and the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 balance of justice to be the test in this matter; and thou, if thou inquirest sincerely, wilt \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 surely, by the. blessing of God, attain unto the Truth.\u8221? \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg115}{\bkmkend Pg115}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 116\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\li1799\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He then proceeds to the life of our Saviour and the fulfilment of the prophecies\par\pard\li1799

\sb0\sl-274\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 that went before. After an account of the Annunciation as given in the Gospels,\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 he\par\pard\li1799\sb22\sl-264\slmult0\fi0\tx4065 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 The Annunciation and\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 quotes at length the corresponding passage from the Coran,\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and\par\pard\li1799\sb18\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4065 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Birth of Christ (140-144).\tab \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 adds:\u8212?\u8221?This is the account as given by thy Master himself, in\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-246\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 attestation of the Gospel history. Now say, my Friend (and the Lord direct thee!), whether\par\pard\li1799\sb7\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3163 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura iii. 35, \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 et\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 thou hast ever heard, or read in books, of any one who was ushered into the\par\pard\li1799\sb20\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3163 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 seq.\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (42-49).\tab \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 world with a blessed annunciation such as I have related to thee from the\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1611\sb0\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Gospel, and also from thine own Scripture.\u8221? There follows Mary\u8217?s visit to Elizabeth, and \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura iii 39. \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex103 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the vision of Zecharias (in respect of which the Coran is again quoted as \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 showing that it was the office of John the Baptist to bear witness \u8220?to the Word of God\u8221?\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 ), \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 the Adoration \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1611\sb24\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Curiously enough, he quotes the Salutation thus: \u8220?The blessing of \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 our \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Lord be with thee: not \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 my \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Lord, but \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 ours; i.e., \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 of angels and men, implying that he is \u8220?the Lord of heaven and earth,\u8221? &c. I do not find this \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 reading anywhere. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1623\sb10\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 2\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 \u8220?And when the angels said, O Mary, verily God hath chosen thee, and sanctified thee, and exalted thee \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 above all the women of the world. O Mary, be devout towards thy Lord, and worship, and bow down with \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 those who bow down. . . \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 . O Mary, the Lord giveth thee good tidings of the Word proceeding from himself, \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-217\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 called Jesus the Christ, the Son of Mary,\u8221? &c. \par\pard\li1799\sb14\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4929\tx5577\tx5975 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 3\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 In quoting this passage (\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf15\f16\fs24 \u1575? \u1617? \u1608? &\u1575?\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 : \u1613?" C\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \u1611?9\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 :\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ) he applies \u8220? lord \u8220? (\ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 Syed\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 ) to Jesus, whereas by the\par\pard\li1799\sb2\sl-230\slmult0\fi0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 construction it clearly refers to \ul0\nosupersub\cf11\f12\fs20 John\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 .

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{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg116}{\bkmkend Pg116}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li4127\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4127\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li4127\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 DEATH AND ASCENSION OF JESUS.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 117\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of the Magians, and the Angels\u8217? Song to the shepherds. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1620\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 He passes on briefly to the Ministry of Christ; his baptism, the testimony of his \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 being the Lamb of God, the Temptation, and Miracles. He dwells on \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Ministry of Christ \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-255\slmult0\tx8822 \dn2 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the meekness, humility and kindness of Jesus; and lays stress on his \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (145, 146). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1605\sb41\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 poverty and the absence in his life of any worldly object save only to bring salvation to \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 mankind. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1620\sb4\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 A full outline follows of our Saviour\u8217?s teaching drawn from the Sermon on the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Mount; and a page is devoted to justify the doctrine of the Fatherhood \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Teaching of our \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb1\sl-255\slmult0\tx8822 \dn2 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 of God. The brotherhood and unity of mankind as flowing therefrom \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Saviour (146-155). \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1622\sb41\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 are contrasted with the teaching of the Coran, which is alleged to engender enmity;\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 the claim of the Almighty to be regarded as a wise and tender Parent, is \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura lxiv. 15. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb3\sl-257\slmult0\tx9182 \dn3 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 illustrated from Hebrews xii. 6. He dwells upon the miracles of Jesus, and \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura ii. 87, \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb4\sl-256\slmult0\tx9182 \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex102 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 shows that they were acknowledged in the Coran. In contrast with the \tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 254, and iii. 48. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1611\sb61\sl-260\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 wonderful works done by the Jewish prophets, Jesus performed these by His own \line \dn2 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 inherent power, and never failed as Moses failed at the waters of Meriba, or \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Jerem. vii. 16. \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb7\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 Jeremiah whom the Lord refused to hear. \par\pard\qj \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\qj\li1799\ri1582\sb52\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 I must note, however, that the passage quoted does not bear out his argument, \u8220?O ye that believe, verily \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 from amongst your wives and children ye have enemies; wherefore beware of them\u8221?: meaning, no doubt, \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 that they were dangerous because likely to tempt believers from the right way; as Luke xiv. 26.


{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg117}{\bkmkend Pg117}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 118\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\li1799\sb276\sl-276\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 For his Apostles the Lord chose simple and unlearned persons, poor fishermen\par\pard\li1799\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \dn3 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Apostles and disciples\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 and despised tax-gatherers. Through these He overturned all the\par\pard\li1799\sb26\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 sent forth by Christ\tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 wisdom and philosophy, the nobility and kingly power, that opposed\par\pard\li1799\sb1\sl-220\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 (155-159).\tab \dn4 \expndtw0\charscalex101 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 the faith on every hand. The instructions with which the Apostles\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb27\sl-270\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 and the Seventy disciples were sent forth are given in considerable detail, and are \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 summed up with great force and eloquence, in implied contrast with the interested aims, \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and worldly agencies, of the first propagators of Islam. \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb6\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 The death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus are recounted in a very few lines. \par\pard\li1799\sb24\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \dn3 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Death and Ascension\tab \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \u8220?Let Me add (says our Author) the testimony of the Coran,\u8212?\u8217?When\par\pard\li1799\sb30\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx3796 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 of Jesus (160).\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 God said, O Jesus, verily I will cause thee to die, and will raise thee\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 up unto myself, and will deliver thee from the unbelievers; and will make thy followers to \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb19\sl-257\slmult0\tx3796 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Sura iii. 54-57. \tab \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 be over those that disbelieve even until the day of judgment. Then \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1607\sb8\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 unto me shall ye return; and I will judge between you, as to that concerning which ye \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 have been at variance. But they that disbelieve, I will visit them with a grievous \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 punishment, both in this world and the next; they shall have none to help them. But they \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 that believe and do good works, we shall fulfil to them their reward. And God loveth not \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 the transgressors. These signs (or verses) and this sage admonition do we rehearse unto \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 thee.\u8217? Now may the Lord open thine eyes and understanding, for these \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg118}{\bkmkend Pg118}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li3825\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3825\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li3825\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10079 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 THE GOSPEL CONTRASTED WITH ISLAM.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 119\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 are the very words of thy Master and his confession and testimony in the Revelation \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 which he claimed (and which thou thyself holdest) to be from the Lord. Turn not then \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 away from

the right, for if thou wilt be true to thyself the light shall spring upon thee.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1614\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 Advancing now to the ministry of the Apostles,\u8212?after a brief notice of the \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 descent of the Holy Ghost, \u8220?the Paraclete,\u8221? on the day of Pentecost,\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8529\colsr110\colno2\colw3461\colsr160\ql \li1799\sb3\sl-273\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 and the gift of tongues, he proceeds:\u8212?\u8221?Upon that, the Apostles\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri0\sb3\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex108 separated, each to the country to which he was called, and the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex101 language of which was made known unto him. And they wrote out \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex107 the Holy Gospel, and the story and teaching of Christ, in every\par\pard\column \ql \li20\sb1\sl-195\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Ministry of the\par\pard\qj \li20\ri1741\sb7\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Apostles, and spread \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 of Christianity (161, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 162). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1603\sb6\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 tongue at the dictation of the Holy Ghost. So the nations drew near unto them, and \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 believed their testimony; and, giving up the world and their false beliefs, embraced the \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 Christian faith, as soon as ever the dawn of truth, and the light of the Good tidings, broke \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 in upon them. Distinguishing thus the True from the False, and error from the right \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 direction, they embraced the Gospel and held it fast without doubt or wavering, when \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 they saw the wonderful works and signs of the Apostles, and their lives and conversation \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 set after the holy and beautiful example of our Saviour, the traces whereof remain even \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 unto the present day. From them, the Faith hath been handed down; we have added \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 nothing to it neither taken aught therefrom. In this Faith we shall live, in it we shall die, \line \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 and in the same shall \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg119}{\bkmkend Pg119}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 120\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb257\sl-277\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 we rise again, and stand in the presence of Christ our Lord, in the day when the whole \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 world shall be gathered before Him. How different is all this from the life of thy Master \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and his Companions, who ceased not to go forth in battle and rapine, to smite with the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 sword, to seize the little ones, and ravish wives and maidens,\u8212?plundering and laying \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex104 waste, and carrying the people away into captivity! And this they continue unto the \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 present day,\u8212?inciting men to these evil deeds, even as Omar the Caliph said,\u8212?\ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 If\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 \ul0\nosupersub\cf3\f4\fs24 one \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 hath a heathen neighbour, and is in need of his price, let him seize and sell him.\ul0\super\cf9\f10\fs23 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 And \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 many such things do they say and teach. Look now at the lives of Simon and Paul, who \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 went about healing the sick, and raising the dead, by the name of Christ our Lord; and \line \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 mark the contrast.\u8221? \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 If it be asked why the power of working miracles is no longer exercised by Holy \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 men, our Apologist answers that their ministry differs from that of the Apostles who had \par\pard\li1799\sb5\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4334 \dn4 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Miracles no longer shown\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 to pr

each a new faith; a faith, therefore, that required, as such,\par\pard\li1799\sb39\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4334 \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 saving in individual and\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 extraordinary evidence. Miraculous cures, however, at the\par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-216\slmult0\tx4334 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 exceptional cases (162, 163). \tab \dn2 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 prayer of Holy men, are still performed in individual cases, to \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1606\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 mark their acceptance with the Lord, and to show that the healing virtue is not dead. But \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 if the practice were common of quickening the dead and healing the sick, then no one \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 need die, and where then would be the promise of the Resurrection? \par\pard\ql \li1799\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \par\pard\ql\li1799\sb43\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs20\ul0\super\cf10\f11\fs19 1\ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 I need hardly say that this sentiment is entirely at variance with the liberal and tolerant policy of Omar.

{\shp {\*\shpinst\shpleft1799\shptop6825\shpright4679\shpbottom6845\shpfhdr0\shpbxpage\shpbypage\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz127\shplid0{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn geoRight}{\sv 2880}}{\sp{\sn geoBottom}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;4;(0,20);(2880,20);(2880,0);(0,0)}}{\sp{\sn pSegmentInfo}{\sv 2;10;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}{\sp{\sn fFillOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fillColor}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lineType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn lineColor}{\sv 0}}}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg120}{\bkmkend Pg120}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li5294\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5294\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li5294\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx10084 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 CONCLUSION.\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 121\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1604\sb254\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 Moreover, they are no longer required. Miracles were needed only in the first days of \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex103 spreading the faith amongst nations sunk in idolatry and ignorance. Man is not to be \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 forced by superfluous exhibitions of power, nor driven like brute beasts by the appeal to \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 his senses. Sufficient evidence had been long ago provided, and mankind were now left \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 as rational beings in the exercise of their faculties to apply the same. \par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1610\sb0\sl-280\slmult0\fi720 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \u8220?And now,\u8221? concludes Al Kindy, \u8220?I have related to thee, very briefly, the story of \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 our Saviour the Christ, with a short notice of his Apostles from whom\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw8889\colsr110\colno2\colw3101\colsr160\qj \li1799\ri0\sb0\sl-278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex105 we have received our blessed Faith and hold it fast. Now, therefore, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex102 consider what thou wilt of that which I have set before thee, in\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri1649\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 FINAL APPEAL \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 (163-165). \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1605\sb0\sl-275\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 connexion with what thou already knowest of the same, and judge between us \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 righteously. Oh, if thou wouldest but listen to my advice, and, leaving that which is dark \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and evil, come to the light and brightness of the Gospel, then shouldest thou be of the \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 number of our Saviour\u8217?s chosen ones, inheriting the kingdom of heaven and eternal life, \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 the blessedness of which knoweth no ending, and the joy of which passeth all description. \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 Fear Him, my Friend,

who hath power both over the body and the soul, Who is ready to \line \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 have mercy on thee, and embrace thee, even as a tender father embraceth his wandering \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 son. The Lord hath favoured thee with wisdom and understanding above thy fellows. Be \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 not then deceived with the pomps and vanities of this transitory life; for verily the world \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24\paperw12240\paperh15840\pard\sb0\sl-240{\bkmkstart Pg121}{\bkmkend Pg121}\par\pard\ql \li4151\sb30\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf8\f9\fs20 © Muhammadanism.org \u8212? All Rights Reserved. \par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb0\sl-276\slmult0\par\pard\li1799\sb107\sl-276\slmult0\fi0\tx4559 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 122\tab \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 THE APOLOGY OF AL KINDY\par\pard\qj \li1799\ri1602\sb257\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 with its lusts and pleasures is a Syren that leadeth to destruction. Look to thy soul, my \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 Friend, before the day come when thy sight shall fail from thine eyes, and weigh well that \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 which I have written in the scales of justice and by the light of reason. The matter is one \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 of infinite import, and cannot, without eternal risk, be put aside. It concerneth thee, not \line \up0 \expndtw-4\charscalex100 only in this life, but in the great future before thee, when no vain excuse will be accepted. \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 And know of a certainty that he who rejecteth all vain and false securities, and believeth \line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 in the Lord, hath laid hold of a sure refuge, and will find eternal rest in His good pleasure. \par\pard\ql \li2519\ri1610\sb1\sl-280\slmult0\tx3436 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \u8220?I have now done my task to the best of mine ability; and, having delivered my \line\tab \up0 \expndtw-1\charscalex100 message to the utmost of my power, I leave it with thee, and with all\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\cols2\colno1\colw3326\colsr110\colno2\colw8664\colsr160\qj \li1799\ri0\sb0\sl-230\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf6\f7\fs20 Conclusion (164-\line \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 165).\par\pard\column \qj \li20\ri1564\sb3\sl-278\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 \ul0\nosupersub\cf1\f2\fs24 those who shall read this my Book,\u8212?praying the Lord to fulfil in thee, \line \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex100 and in us all, every good work, redeem us from all iniquity, and join us \par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone \qj \li1799\ri1607\sb0\sl-280\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw0\charscalex106 hereafter in His kingdom above with the chosen ones whom He visiteth with His \up0 \expndtw-3\charscalex100 beneficence and grace. \par\pard\ql \li2519\sb1\sl-258\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-2\charscalex100 \u8220?And now, Peace be on thee, and mercy from the Lord, and His blessing! Amen.\u8221? \par\pard\ql \li5577\sb268\sl-276\slmult0 \up0 \expndtw-5\charscalex100 THE END. \par\pard\sect\sectd\fs24}

the apology of al kindy

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