the application of grid fins on missiles and launch vehicles
TRANSCRIPT
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The Application of Grid Fins on Missilesand Launch Vehicles
Quirijn Frederix
Supervisor: Prof. dr. ir. Eric Van den Bulck
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Table of contents
• Introduction
• Literature study
• Dimensional analysis
• Linear cascade approximation of grid fins
• Comparison of grid fins and equivalent planar fins
• Further research
• Conclusion
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Table of contents
• Introduction
• Literature study
• Dimensional analysis
• Linear cascade approximation of grid fins
• Comparison of grid fins and equivalent planar fins
• Further research
• Conclusion
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Introduction
• Large variety of geometries
• Used since ‘60s, mostly military applications, currently shift to more civil applications
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Table of contents
• Introduction
• Literature study
• Dimensional analysis
• Linear cascade approximation of grid fins
• Comparison of grid fins and equivalent planar fins
• Further research
• Conclusion
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Literature study
General characteristics
Pros:
• Can be folded
• Higher αstall
• Low hingemoment
• Useful at high Mach numbers
• Radius of curvature has negligible influence
Cons:
• Higher drag in transsonic region
• Drop in normal force and pitch moment in transsonic region
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Literature study
Possible improvements
• Shape of web cross section
• Thickness web/frame
• Coarseness of lattice
• Swept-back grid fin
• Shape of web
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Literature study
Algebraic methods
• Split flow in different regimeso Subsonic: Vortex lattice
theoryo Transsonic: choked
flow/normal shockso Supersonic: Oblique shocks
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Table of contents
• Introduction
• Literature study
• Dimensional analysis
• Linear cascade approximation of grid fins
• Comparison of grid fins and equivalent planar fins
• Further research
• Conclusion
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Dimensional analysis
• Goal: Determine the dimensonless parameters that influence the performance characteristics
• Neglect heat transfer and assume constant geometry
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Dimensional analysis
• Force/moment coefficients independent of Reynolds number!
• Flow over wings is almost always turbulent
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Table of contents
• Introduction
• Literature study
• Dimensional analysis
• Linear cascade approximation of grid fins
• Comparison of grid fins and equivalent planar fins
• Further research
• Conclusion
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Linear cascade approximation
Approximation as individual wings
• Performance depends on spacing between the different elements or wings
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Linear cascade approximation
Linear cascade method
• Outlet flow will not be exactly perpendicular to the plates!
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Linear cascade approximation
Linear cascade method
• Calculate deviation angle, δdev
• Solidity is very important
• Incompressible potential flow for linear cascade of flat plates (Kramer and Stanitz):
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Linear cascade approximation
Linear cascade method
• Normal force of Falcon 9 grid fin as calculated by linear cascade method
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Linear cascade approximation
Linear cascade method
• Comparison of both methods
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Linear cascade approximation
Linear cascade method
• Influence of solidity
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Table of contents
• Introduction
• Literature study
• Dimensional analysis
• Linear cascade approximation of grid fins
• Comparison of grid fins and equivalent planar fins
• Further research
• Conclusion
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Comparison of grid fins and planar fins
Case Study: Falcon 9 grid fins
• Loads at Max Q
• Equate normal forces of grid fins and tapered wings
• Cr = 0,995m, Ct = 0.497, b = 1.119m
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Comparison of grid fins and planar fins
Mass estimation
• Grid fins: 41kg
• Tapered wings: o Estimate thickness from strength coniderations:
t = 1.42cmo Mass = 30.18kg
• Normal force per kg: o Grid fins: 386.8N/kgo Tapered wings: 750.6N/kg
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Comparison of grid fins and planar fins
Axial force estimation
• Calculate axial force at α = 0° and assume constant
• Skin friction and pressure component
Grid fins:
• 3081N (432.5N friction, 2648.5N pressure)
Tapered wings:
• 292.3N (111.6N friction, 180.73N pressure)
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Comparison of grid fins and planar fins
Overview of comparison:
• Grid fins have higher mass
• Lower hinge moment
• High drag/axial force not necessarily disadvantageous
• Grid fins useful at high Mach numbers
• Foldable
• High stall angle
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Table of contents
• Introduction
• Literature study
• Dimensional analysis
• Linear cascade approximation of grid fins
• Comparison of grid fins and equivalent planar fins
• Further research
• Conclusion
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Further research
• Validation of linear cascade methodo Compare with experiments/CFDo Compare with currently used methods
• Grid fin/missile body interaction
• Set up general formula for estimating performance characteristics in early design stages from database of coefficients
• Structural analysis of grid fins
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Table of contents
• Introduction
• Literature study
• Dimensional analysis
• Linear cascade approximation of grid fins
• Comparison of grid fins and equivalent planar fins
• Further research
• Conclusion
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Conclusion
• Advantages/disadvantages and general characteristics of grid fins are well documented
• Algebraic methods available
• Performance characteristic seem independent of Reynolds number
• Linear cascade approach can be applied to estimate performance in the subsonic regimeo Solidity parameter has a large influence
• Choice of grid fins by SpaceX is clear
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Thank you for your attention!