the application of x-band sar interferometry in ... · 4th tandem-x science team meeting the...
TRANSCRIPT
5th TerraSAR-X / 4th TanDEM-X Science Team Meeting
The application of X-Band SAR interferometry in archaeology – first results from test sites in Turkey
Ralph Rosenbauer, Mirko Novák, Susanne Rutishauser –University Bern Stefan Erasmi, Ralf Buchbach –University of Göttingen
Topics
17. Juni 2013 2
> Cilicia Pedias – An important pivot point between Anatolia and Syria
> Project works in the Cilicia Pedias: Geophysical surveys and excavations
> The search for the location of the city of Mallos
> Major TanDEM-X Test Sites within Plain Cilicia
> Test-Sites I: Uzunoğlan Tepesi, a hilltop sanctuary with roman temple
> Test-Sites II: Sirkeli Höyük: a bronze and iron age mound
> Coverage of TanDEM-X data in Cilicia Pedias
> Test-Sites III: a fortified harbor settlement at the edge of Plain Cilicia
> TanDEM-X workflow for DEM extraction (SM and HS)
> Outlook: Protection of Cultural Heritage
> The Virtual Cilicia Project
Cilicia Pedias
17. Juni 2013 3
Mallos – An important city still to be discovered
17. Juni 2013 4
Methods and technics used during the surveys
17. Juni 2013 5
Major TanDEM-X Test Site within Plain Cilicia
17. Juni 2013 6
Major TanDEM-X Test Sites I:Uzunoğlan Tepesi with roman temple
17. Juni 2013 7
Major TanDEM-X Test Sites: Sirkeli Höyüka bronce and iron age mound
17. Juni 2013 8
Sirkeli Höyük – one of the largest settlement mounds within Cilicia
17. Juni 2013 9
Sirkeli Höyük – Rock ReliefsMuwatalli II. (1290–1272 BC.) + ?
17. Juni 2013 10
Sirkeli Höyük - clearly visible building structures in WordView1 data
17. Juni 2013
WorldView Global Alliance User Conference 2012 - Munich
11
Sirkeli Höyük – DEM of the top of the tellwith ditches from Spoliation (?)
17. Juni 2013 12
DEM generated from RTK-GPS measurements showing clearly visible archaeological structures
Sirkeli Höyük – magnetic prospection of the lower city with city wall
17. Juni 2013 13
Plain Cilicia (Cilicia Pedias)Coverage of TanDEM-X data
17. Juni 2013 14
Sirkeli Höyük – digital surface model created with TanDEM-X Spotlight data
17. Juni 2013
WorldView Global Alliance User Conference 2012 - Munich
15
Srkeli Höyük: DEM with 2m spatial resolution generated by HS-Spotlight HH-HH (300Mhz)
Magarsos – a fortified harbor settlementat the edge of Plain Cilicia
17. Juni 2013 16
Magarsos – todays scenery
17. Juni 2013
WorldView Global Alliance User Conference 2012 - Munich
17
Magarsos – Combination of geophysics and orthorectified satellite image
17. Juni 2013
WorldView Global Alliance User Conference 2012 - Munich
18
Magarsos –Reconstruction of the city‘s layout
17. Juni 2013 19
Magarsos – TanDEM-X scenes used for DEM-generation (StripMap & Spotlight)
17. Juni 2013 20
Imaging Mode StripMap HS Spotlight
InterferometricMode
alternatingbistatic
alternatingbistatic
PolarizationMode
Single (HH/HH)
Single (HH/HH)
Incidence Angle 33,7 57,7Slant range res. (m)
1,18 0,45
Azimuth res. (m) 2,54 1,13Acquisition date 16.02.2012 20.08.2012
17. Juni 2013 21
TanDEM‐X CoSSCHS Spotlight ALT1
Reference DEM:SRTM‐C
TanDEM‐X CoSSCHS Spotlight ALT2
TanDEM‐X CoSSCStripMap ALT1
TanDEM‐X CoSSCStripMap ALT2
Final StripMapInSAR‐DEM (7m)
Final SpotlightInSAR‐DEM (2m)
Final StripMapBackscatter (7m)
Final SpotlightBackscatter(2m)
Final StripMapCoherence (7m)
Final SpotlightCoherence (2m)
Magarsos – TanDEM-X workflow for DEM generation (SM and HS)
22
Digital surface (TanDEM-X Spotlight)with visible archaeological structures
Accuracy of the DEM generated with TanDEM-X spotlight in for Magarsos
23
Residuen TanDEM-X HS SL vs. RTK-GPS RMSE (all)
RMSE (< 20%)
TDX StripMapalt. bistatic 1.61 1.24
TDX HS Spotlight bistatic 4.95 4.25
TDX HS Spotlight alt. bistatic 1.80 1.40
24
(1) Intensity mean
(2) Coherence
(3) Height
Palaeochannel north of Magarsos(detected by TanDEM-X data)
Conclusion(results from Test site at Magarsos)
25
• An easy-to-use and stable processing chain for TanDEM-X Alternating Bistatic scenes has been tested an adopted to the special needs of landscape archaeology.
• The HS Spotlight DEMs with 2m resolution offer a very good visual quality, thus providing a perfect base for the interpretation of archaeological features, like buried city walls or streets causing height anomalies on the surface
• The „Alternating Bistatic Merge“ offers a significant improvement of the quality of the DEM (residues / RMSE)
• The choice of the reference DEM plays a crucial role for the interferogram flattening!
Körtik Tepe – a Neolithic key-site at the Tigris (will be destroyed by artificial lake)
17. Juni 2013 26
Körtik Tepe: RGB- Composite of Coherence and Intensity with resolution overlay
Outlook
17. Juni 2013 27
• Increasing demand for cultural heritage monitoring due to urban growth, irrigation projects and general land use intensification
• Development of technics for looting monitoring
Outlook
17. Juni 2013 28
• Unique Potential of future TanDEM-X modes (as TerraSAR-X Experimental Staring Spotlight Data) and successor missions like (“TerraSAR-X next generation”)
• Synergistic use of multifrequency SAR-Systems(especially ALOS 2 / PALSAR 2 and RADARSAT 2)
The Virtual Cilicia Projectwww.arch.unibe.ch/virtual-cilicia
17. Juni 2013 29
17. Juni 2013 30
The Virtual Cilicia Projectwww.arch.unibe.ch/virtual-cilicia
17. Juni 2013 31
InterferogramGeneration with
DEM
InterferogrammFlattening
Adaptive Filter & Coherence Generation
InSAR DEMTDX HS ALT1
Baseline: 210,12 m
Phase Unwrapping
Phase to Height Conversion & Geocoding
TanDEM‐X CoSSCHS Spotlight ALT1
Reference DEM:TDX SM ALT2
HS SpotlightBistatic 1
Coherence MapMultilooked
Intensity data(Az2/Rg4 7m)
„Alternating bistatic merge“