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This presentation is the intellectual property of the author. Contact them for permission to reprint and/or distribute. The Athlete’s Lumbar Spine: Current Concepts Pablo VazquezSeoane, M.D. 44 th Annual Sports Medicine Symposium January 1921, 2017 Content / Objectives Anatomy Common injuries Treatment and prevention Anatomy Anatomy

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Page 1: The Athlete’s Lumbar Spine: Content / Objectives Current ...cme.uthscsa.edu/Courses/SportsMedicine/2017/OnlineSyllabus/0120… · Current Concepts Pablo Vazquez‐Seoane, M.D. 44th

This presentation is the intellectual property of the author. Contact them for permission to reprint and/or distribute.

The Athlete’s Lumbar Spine: Current Concepts

Pablo Vazquez‐Seoane, M.D.44th Annual Sports Medicine Symposium

January 19‐21, 2017

Content/Objectives

•Anatomy

•Common injuries

• Treatment and prevention

Anatomy Anatomy

Page 2: The Athlete’s Lumbar Spine: Content / Objectives Current ...cme.uthscsa.edu/Courses/SportsMedicine/2017/OnlineSyllabus/0120… · Current Concepts Pablo Vazquez‐Seoane, M.D. 44th

This presentation is the intellectual property of the author. Contact them for permission to reprint and/or distribute.

NeurologicTesting

• L2  Hip flexors (iliopsoas)

• L3  Knee extensors (quadriceps)

• L4  Ankle dorsiflexors(tibialis anterior)

• L5 Long toe extensor (extensor hallucis longus)

• S1Ankle plantiflexors(gastrocsoleus)

• Grading Strength 0‐5

Acute/Traumatic(Fall,Collision)

• Look for on‐the‐field ‘Red Flags’:• Weakness, incontinence, cannot stand or jog, impaired flexibility, loss of consciousness

• (Concussion, upper extremity weakness, all part of head/neck/spine broader trauma considerations)

AcuteInjuryAlgorithm• Red Flag finding = Assume structural problem (fracture / instability of the C‐T‐LS spine)

• Expedite ER / spinal evaluation, with:

• Spinal precautions (head‐neck immobilization and spine board)

• Advanced Trauma Life Support, ABCs

AthletesandLowBackPain

• Trend / suggestion of higher incidence of LBP 

• Age, prior injury/LBP, females, 

Volleyball, contact sports

• Significant lost time from athletic participation 

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This presentation is the intellectual property of the author. Contact them for permission to reprint and/or distribute.

LBPContributingfactors

Acute LBP:

Growth spurt

Abrupt increases in training intensity or frequency

Improper technique

Unsuitable sports equipment

Leg‐length inequality

Soft tissue injuries

Chronic LBP:Poor core strength

Structural issues (pars, disk)

Tight hamstrings

Subacute orChronicLBP

Degenerative disc diseaseIsthmic spondylolysis (no slip)Isthmic spondylolisthesisFacet syndromeRing apophyseal injury (adolescents)Sacral stress fractureCentral disc herniation (without radiculopathy)Sacralization of L5/tranverse process impingementFacet stress fractureSacroiliac joint dysfunctionLumbar vertebral body fractureDiscitis/osteomyelitisNeoplasm (CANCER)

Intrapelvic, gynecologic conditions (e.g., ovarian cysts)Renal disease

LowBackPain• Treatment (strain, no fracture)• Soft tissue injury

• Core strengthening (PT)• Stretch Hamstrings• Short‐term medications:  anti‐inflammatory (NSAIDs), muscle relaxant

• Weight optimization• Lessen impact activities during active symptoms

• Prevention• Sports‐specific training• Flexibility…. YOGA ??• Rest• Manageable reps/goals

Case#1Fractures• 15 year old receiver

• In‐game injury

• Complains of low back pain, lying on field

• Tries once, cannot get up (SEVERE pain)

and/or weak in legs

• Management?

• Possible / likely injury?

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This presentation is the intellectual property of the author. Contact them for permission to reprint and/or distribute.

Parsfracture Spondylolysis

• aka pars fracture, stress reaction/fracture

• 3‐6% prevalence • Non‐athletic population:

• Often asymptomatic• Often incidental• Risk of slip:  25‐50%

• May develop as stress fracture in athletics

• Adolescent athletes:• 38% with slip progression (avg. 10%)• 8% with slip decrease 

Spondylolysis– Risks

• Twisting, hyperextension

• Repetitive axial loading

• Offensively linemen, gymnasts, soccer, baseball, volleyball, weightlifting, rowing, wrestlers…

Spondylolysis

Page 5: The Athlete’s Lumbar Spine: Content / Objectives Current ...cme.uthscsa.edu/Courses/SportsMedicine/2017/OnlineSyllabus/0120… · Current Concepts Pablo Vazquez‐Seoane, M.D. 44th

This presentation is the intellectual property of the author. Contact them for permission to reprint and/or distribute.

Exam• Tight hamstrings

• Pain with lumbar hyperextension

• Restricted range of motion

Diagnosis ‐ Imaging Oblique films not useful;  extra radiation

Rely on SPECT bone scan + CT (radiation)

MRI useful for excluding other processes (disk degeneration, herniation)

Spondylolysis ScenariosandTreatment

• Spondylolysis – Pars fracture

• With acute MRI or bone scan findings• Brace treatment 6‐12 weeks, rehab

• Without acute findings• Rest, rehab

Flexibility

Even in (ESPECIALLY IN) football

Think outside the traditional box

i.e. Shannon Turley – Stanford Football

Stanford’s Distinct Training Regimen Redefines Strength‐ New York Times,  Dec. 30, 2013

‘…For the subtle art of injury prevention, the Cardinal stretch and stretch and stretch. They stretch before and after lifts and before and after practice. They stretch for fun….’

Case#2

• 17 y.o. club and HS volleyball player

• Acute onset of radiating posterior L

• leg pain

• Decreased sensation left leg

• Absent ankle reflex

Page 6: The Athlete’s Lumbar Spine: Content / Objectives Current ...cme.uthscsa.edu/Courses/SportsMedicine/2017/OnlineSyllabus/0120… · Current Concepts Pablo Vazquez‐Seoane, M.D. 44th

This presentation is the intellectual property of the author. Contact them for permission to reprint and/or distribute.

Lumbardiskherniation Thebuzz…

• Stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells)

• Adipose‐based

• Bone marrow‐based

• Needs rigorous study

Thank you!!

Jesse DeLee, MDAjeya Joshi, MD