the atom lets kick it oldschool john dalton fileintroduction to the modern model.notebook 3 march...
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Introductiontothemodernmodel.notebook
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TheAtomLetskickitoldschool...
JohnDalton
Allmatteriscomposedofverysmallthingswhichhecalledatoms.
Electronsandthenucleuswereunknown.
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J.J.Thomson uPlumPudding
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Neils Bohr
But I was wrong! Theyre more like bees around a hive.
NeilsBohr
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Quantum MechanicalModel of the Atom
Mathematical laws can identify the regions outside of the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found.
These are principle energy levels which are assigned numbers.
Erwin Schrdinger developed a mathematical treatment into which both the wave and particle nature of matter could be incorporated.
Nowthatwegotalittlebitsmarter)
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Characteristicsofthemodel:
theatomhasnodefiniteshapeandthereisnopreciseorbit
electronsarenowthoughttobelocatedonPRINCIPALENERGYLEVELSwhichareassignednumbers
EachenergylevelisdividedintoENERGYSUBLEVELS
EachenergysublevelcorrespondstoanATOMICORBITAL(oftenreferredtoasacloud)
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Quantum Mechanical Model First Quantum Number
nrepresents the principle energy level
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Generally symbolized by n, it denotes the probable distance of the electron from the nucleus. n is also known as the Principle Quantum number or principle energy level number.
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AnATOMICORBITALisaregioninspacewherethereisahighprobabilityoffindinganelectron.
sorbitalsaresphereshaped alwayshave1
porbitalsaredumbbellshaped alwayshave3
dcomplexshapesalwayshave5
fcomplexshapes alwayshave7
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ThewaysinwhichelectronsarearrangedaroundthenucleiofatomsarecalledELECTRONCONFIGURATIONS.Therulesthatgovernthewaytheelectronsfilltheatomicorbitalsare:
1.AUFBAUPRINCIPLEelectronsenterorbitalsofthelowestenergylevelsfirst
2.PAULIEXCLUSIONPRINCIPLEanatomicorbitalmayholdatmosttwoelectrons.Eachmusthaveanoppositespin.
3.HUNDSRULEwhenelectronsoccupyorbitalsofequalenergyoneelectronenterseachorbitaluntilalltheorbitalscontainoneelectronwithparallelspinsbeforefillingtheorbitalswithoppositespins.
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Examples:
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NobleGasConfiguration:
Findthenoblegasthat'sclosesttotheyourelementbutNOTlarger!
Replaceandcomplete.
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AufbauEx:Ar(18)
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Electronconfiguration:
Ar:1s22s22p63s23p6
NobleGasNotation:
[Ar]
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IonCharges
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Attachments
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[InternetShortcut]URL=http://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/file/view/plum.jpg/147037063/plum.jpg
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