• J1r .. :u -.s--J>~

THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVER ~y

FACULTY OF ASIAN STUDIES

ASIAN HISTORY CENTRE

ANNUAL REPORT 1983

ol 0 d/ 5/1984

We are now a Centre and not a 'department'. In many ways the change of name reflects changes that have already taken place in the wake of the Faculty Review of 1978. In the five years since the review the balance of authority within the Faculty has altered, the structure of the Asian Studies degree has changed and ventures in cooperation with other departments and centres have been undertaken.

In this, the first report of the Centre, we begin to consider whether these changes have advanced the study of Asian history by undergraduates in this University.

The teaching of first-year students stands as the single largest con­tribution to the teaching side of our work in the Faculty of Asian Studies. Looking back before the review of 1978, we can see that the balance of effort expended by staff has altered drastically. Over a full decade we have moved from a situation in which we offered one course in the cultural history of the ancient world east of Greece, especially of South Asia and China, to the present situation in which we offer five courses (on Japan, China, South­east Asia, South Asia and Islamic West Asia) almost all emphasising modern developments. The largest number of students come to courses on Japan and Southeast Asia. While those people who take an interest in our work show that they are aware of the shift from ancient to modern and comment on the move away from study of centres of high civilization, a shift in the balance of effort put in by staff goes without comment. The University does not seem to be aware that roughly five times as much effort is now expended by staff in teaching first year students, although the aggregate number in 1983 is below the peak of a decade and more ago. We now teach fewer students ..:...1 first year than we used to and expend much greater effort in response to the perceived need to introduce stuients studying the languaces of Asia to the political, intellectual and social context in which the people speaking, reading and writing these languages live.

Enrolment and Examination Results

It is a measure of the confidence of the Asian History Centre in the value of what it teaches, leaving aside claims for political acumen or lack of it, that the first year introductory course attracting the largest number of students is taught by a member of this Centre wholly within the History Department/Arts. The majority of students for this course are not Arts students, but are registered for an Asian Studies degree. At the year's end 55 students sat for History lJ 'Japan in the Pacific and Asia, 1580-1980' Comparable figures for Introduction to Southeast Asia (23), Early Chinese Thought and Institutions (22), Introduction to Islamic West Asia (8) and Introduction to South Asia (5) say something about the strength of particular language programmes in the Faculty of Asian Studies, but they also conceal the number of Arts students enrolling and highlight the continuing problem of persuading students enrolled in the Arts Faculty to take our courses.

On this score, at the more advanced level of study, a major initiative taken by Dr Tony Milner (History/Arts) has pleased us greatly. With Dr Terwiel of this Centre, Dr Milner in 1984 will teach History 2/3J 'Modern Southeast Asian History'. In the process we have taken Dr Terwiel's course 'History and Culture of Mo dern Thailand' out of the Faculty Handbook.

2. 5/1984

In a venture of a different kind, Dr Gardiner and Dr Jeffcott Centre have planned an advanced level course in Chinese literature junction with Dr Ryckmans to be taught for the first time in 1984.

of thl in con-

However, we are troubled that our enrolments in later year units do not attract the enrolments that we would expect. In the coming year we will make a special study of Asian history units taught at an advanced level - their range and type. Changes in the Asian Studies degree rules have, more than any other factor, reduced the number of students studying advanced level units. While these changes are welcome for other reasons, they also point up the need to establish links with the Arts Faculty. To take one example, in the year of the film Gandhi, only two students enrolled in the advanced level unit History of Modern South Asia 1857-1947. No Arts students took this course.

Student Participation

The following students were elected to the Centre Committee in 1983:

Cathy Adamson Sharon Fitzgerald Gregory Myers Susan Blewett Simone Evans Gillian Clyde Catherine Milliman

Colleen Duffy Annie Warren Allison Keevil Magda Verbeek Sally Hone Clive Smith

We met each term during the year, with each occasion a pleasant and productive one. It is a measure of the effectiveness of persistent student represen­tations on one contentious issue that the course Introduction to Islamic West

, Asia will be taught in 1984 despite considerable difficulties.

We foresee a special invitation to students in 1984 to reconsider advanced l~"el units, especially those Arts students who completed the course History of Indonesia and the Philippines or History 2/3U as it was also called.

Work of Graduate Students

This Centre, which does not teach postgraduate courses, offers support and help to the Faculty Office in administering the Faculty's postgraduate students, and tries to minimise direct contact with those administering the postgraduate studies outside the Faculty, chanelling enquiries to the Faculty itself. Postgraduate work is, in our view, a faculty matter. We are greatly aided in this by the fact that the present Dean, a member of our Centre, has considerable experience in this area. The present situation is satisfactory.

Staff

Head of Centre

Readers

J.G. Caiger, BA (Syd. & London), PhD

S.A.A. Rizvi, MA, PhD, DLitt (Agra), FARA

H.H.E. Loofs-Wissowa, DipOrLang(Paris), DrPhil (Frib.), Chev. Palmes Academiques

3.

Senior Lecturers

Lecturers

Visitors

5/1984

J.T.F. Jordens, Lie.en Philos., PhD (Louvain), DipEd (Melb.)

R.H.P. Mason, ~..A (Cantab.), PhD

K.H.J. Gardiner, BA, PhD (Lond.)

A.L. Kumar, BA (Oriental Studies) PhD

B.J. Terwiel, drs Utrecht, (Anthropology), PhD

C.A. Jeffcott, BA (N.Z.), BA (Oxon) PhD

I.M. Proudfoot, BA (Oriental Studies), PhD

Apart from our former head of department, Professor A.L. Basham, whom we are always pleased to see, we have had three long term visitors who have become part of the Centre. One has joined us for a second year in 1984, another has just completed two years in the Centre and a third has spent 4 months of a 6 month stay. Since joining us early in 1983, Professor Susana Devalle has taught part of the first year course Introduction to South Asia with a series of lectures on social inequality in India. Dr Ray Ileto, before returning to the Philippines at the year's end, gave a full half year of the course History of Indonesia and the Philippines, exciting a warm response from the class and offering some critical comment on the per­formance of students, as befits a real member of the Centre. In addition he gave 12 lectures on the Philippines to Students in Introduction to Southeast Asia and other lectures and tutorials in History/Arts. The third long-term visitor, Dr Ian Kesarcodi-Watson, took over from Dr Jordens in third term, teaching the segment on Hinduism in Religious Studies I.

The South Asian Seminar series organised by Dr Jordens and a postgraduate student Mr Oberoi has attracted the participation of some foreign visitors: Dr Ram Dayal Munda of Ranchi University, Professor Barun De of the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta and Dr Meanakshi Mukherjee of Hyderabad University.

The Centre owes a particular debt for a sustained effort throughout the year to Dr Dipesh Chakrabarty who took charge of the entire course History of Modern South Asia and the concomitant honours segment. In the first year course Mr Oberoi gave sterling service. And again we thank Mr Vervoorn for the guidance that he has given in tutorials on China.

In the absence of Dr Rizvi overseas in third term Dr El Erian taught Introduction to Islamic West Asia, for which we thark him.

The Centre is extremely grateful to these seven people for their ready and competent assistance in teaching regular courses.

We end with visits of two different kinds, the first one using resources to hand in a new course initiative. Dr H.H.E. Loofs-Wissowa, in giving a course 'The Art of Indianised Mainland Southeast Asia' for the first time, made three tutorial visits to the Australian National Gallery and welcomed back as lecturers two former postgraduate students in this Faculty, Dr Indrani Kapur and Dr Pamela Gutman. The second visitor a well-known

4. 5/1984

French anthropologist, Dr Christian Pelras, specializing in the Bugis ~ communities of South Sulawesi, in Indonesian weaving technology and European village studies, presented a number of extremely interesting and wide­ranging seminars in History/Arts and in this Faculty. We were happy to dis­cover that he thinks anthropologists need history as much as historians need anthropology.

Staff Movements

Dr Jordens, Dean of the Faculty, went overseas in the second half of September. A week was spent in Delhi establishing and consolidating contacts with governmental and academic institutions, and gathering some research materials. He afterwards participated in a special conference in the U.S.A. at the University of Kansas, on the subject "Modern Interpreters of the Bhagavadgita" where he delivered his paper 'Gandhi and the _Gita', which will be published as part of a book. As Dean, and closer to home, he took part in the annual meeting of Deans of Faculties of Arts held at Latrobe University in August.

Dr Mason returned to Canberra in early February, after spending two months of outside studies in Japan and two months of long service leave in Europe.

Dr Proudfoot returned from outside studies in April.

Dr Rizvi left on outside studies in November.

Dr Terwiel in late August/early September attended the 3lst CISHAAN Congress in Tokyo and Kyoto, where he presented a paper "Laupani and Ahem Identity: An Ethnohistorical Exercise". En route to Japan he visited Thailand, where he made preparations for fieldwork starting in December 1983.

Research

Dr Gardiner continued his work with Dr I. de Rachewiltz, R.S.Pac.S. on the trc:.._slation of Paulus Diaconus Historia Langobardorum, as well as con­tinuing with his work on early Korean history and early Chinese relations with Vietnam.

Dr Jordens, as well as finishing his paper on 'Gandhi and the Gita', completed two articles onthe thought of Dayananda Sarasvati.

Dr Kumar has added a new area of research: ecology, daily life and society in 18th century Java.

Dr H.H.E. Loofs-Wissowa continued research on his Vietnamese archaeo­logical dictionary, the Vietnamese-English section of which was tabled at the Publications Committee meeting No.3, 11 November 1983. It is hoped to have the manuscript ready for printing in early 1984. He has also begun work on another dictionary project, the Dictionnaire de la Prehistoire, to be published by Presses Universitaires de France in 1985, for which he was commissioned to cover the Southeast Asia section by the general editor, Professor A. Leroi-Gourham, during last year's outside studies programme.

Dr Proudfoot, since returning from abroad, has been preparing a bibliography based on materials that he uncovered.

Dr Terwiel has edited a series of papers, which will be published under the title Development and Social Change in Thailand.

5. 5/1984

St~ Activities

Dr Jordens, as Dean of the Faculty, and Dr Jeffcott, as Sub-dean during 1983 have both been extraordinarily active on the Faculty's behalf.

Dr Gardiner continued his term as Chairman of the China Studies Committee in mid-year and handed over his duties as Faculty representative on the Post­graduate Scholarship Committee.

Dr Jordens continued his work on the University's Working Party on Tutors, on the ASAA Committee on Asian Studies, and on the editorial board of the ANU Monographs on South Asia. He served on the electoral committee for the Chair of Zoology. In August he addressed the Australia-India Society on the occasion of Indian Independence Day.

Dr Kumar acted once more as academic coordinator for the second Australia­Indonesia Business Orientation Programme, run by the Australia-Indonesia Business Cooperation Committee and the Centre for Continuing Education in October. Participants, among whom were a significant numb~r of Indonesians, were very enthusiastic in the evaluation of the conference. It is planned to hold it in Jakarta next year. Dr Kumar was also Chairman of the Southeast Asia Studies Committee in second semester.

Dr H.H.E. Loofs-Wissowa continued throughout the year his activities as Secretary-General of the Commission for Southeast Asian and Pacific Pre­history and Protohistory, Union Internationale des Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques, as Chainnan of the Indo-China Languages Panel, National Accreditation Agency for Translators and Interpreters (Immigration and Ethnic Affairs) , and as member of the State Assessment Panel for Translators and Interpreters. On 4 October Dr Loofs-Wissowa gave a public lecture (in French) at the Alliance Francaise on the ruins of Angkor, Cambodia. Throughout the year he also gave a course on '·The Cultural History of Southeast Asia·' at the Centre for Continuing Education. This course attracted six UPS students.

Dr Mason was elected to the Committee of the Japanese Studies Association of Australia in May, and helped edit the November issue of the JSAA Newsletter. He was appointed Chainnan of the Japan Studies Committee in the Faculty later in the year.

Dr Proudfoot was appointed Faculty Publications Officer in September, in succession to Dr Kumar.

In May Dr Terwiel took part in the Conference on Disease, Drugs and Death in Southeast Asia at the Research School of Pacific Studies, where he presented a paper on Asiatic cholera in Siam. In November he attended the

. regional meeting of Humboldt Fellows in Australia, at the University of Melbourne.

The activities of staff members, the research Jf visitors, staff and students, and the teaching programme in particular have been sustained by the efficiency and helpfulness of our secretary, Mrs Doris Corson. She is retiring at the end of 1983, but takes with her our wannest best wishes and the regard of those who know how well she has worked. ·

As secretary to the Centre we welcome Mrs Cecily Walker in 1984.

6. 5/1984

Publications

I- Aguero, C., Devalle, S.B.C., and Tanaka, M. (eds.); Peasantry and National Integration, Mexico, El Colegio de Mexico, editions in English and Spanish, 1983.

I- Devalle·, S.B.C. (with Aguero, C. and Tanaka, M.); "Perspectives for the Study of the Peasantry and National Integration" in Peasantry and National Integration, pp.45-9.

I- Devalle, S.B.C. i "The Peasantry ahd the Ethnic Factor: the adivasis from Chota Nagpur -(India)" in Peasantry and National Integration, pp.247-56.

I- Devalle, S.B.C.; "Anthropology, Ideology, Colonialism" (in Spanish), Estudios de Asia y Africa, XVIII(3), 1983, pp.337-68.

I- Devalle, S.B.C. and Oberoi, H.S.; "Soldiers, Immigrants and Bandits. The Making of Peasant Protest in XXc Punjab", Panjab Past and Present, 1983.

Gardiner, K.H.J.; "Aspects of the Legend of King Yuri Myong" in Davis, A.R. & Stefanowska, A.D. (eds.); Austrina: essays in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Oriental Society of Australia, Sydney, 1982, pp.56-73.

Gardiner, K.H.J.; "Vietnam and Southern Han Part 2" in Papers on Far Eastern History No.28, Sept. 1983, pp.23-48.

Gardiner, K.H.J.; "Paul the Deacon & Secundus of Trento" in Croke, B. and Emmett, A.M. (eds.); History and Historians in Late Antiquity, Pergamon Press, 1983, pp.147-54.

I- Ileto, R.C.; "'Methodological' Implications of a Dispute on Andres Bonifacio", in Anuaryo, De La Salle University, Manila, January 1983.

I- Ileto, R. C.; "The Bartlett Collection and Philippine Studies in Australfr.:.", SEARMG Newsletter, 1983.

Loofs-Wissowa, H.H.E.; "The Development and Spread of Metallurgy in South­east Asia: A Review of the Present Evidence", Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol.XIV, No.l (March 1983), pp.1-31.

Loofs-Wissowa, H.H.E.; "The Distribution of Dongson Drums: Some Thoughts" in Ethnologie und Geschichte: Festschrift fur Karl Jettmar, ed. by Peter Snoy, Wiesbaden, Steiner, 1983, pp.410-7, 1 pl.

Loofs-Wissowa, H.H.E.; entries . on "Classical South East Asia", The Macmillan Dictionary of Archaeology, London, Macmillan, 1983, 570 pp - 13 contributors.

Mason, R.H.P.; "Technique in Japanese Medieval Poetry: The Case of Saigyo Hoshi's Poems in Shinkokinshu Books VIII, IX and X" in Davis, A.R. and Stefanowska, A.D. (eds.); Austrina: essays in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Oriental Society of Australia, Sydney, 1982, pp.466-75.

Rizvi, S.A.A.; A history of Sufism in India, Vol.II (From Sixteenth Century to Modern Times), Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1983, pages xi+533.

7. 5/1984

T~el, B.J.; The Tai of Assam and Ancient Tai Ritual, Volume II, Sacrifices and Time-reckoning, Centre for South East Asian Studies, Gaya, 1982, pp.191.

Terwiel, B.J.; A History of Modern Thailand, 1767-1942, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1983, pp.379.

Terwiel, B.J.; "Bondage and Slavery in Early Nineteenth Century Siam", in Slavery, Bondage and Dependency in Southeast Asia, by A.J.S. Reid, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1983, pp.118-37.

---------

THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 5/1984

ASIAN HISTORY CENTRE ANALYSIS OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE Page 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Sub j ect Effective Sitting Wastage Did not sit Sat High Distinction CredH Pas fl FnJl

or unit enrolments Failure Failure Distinction (ABS/N) ( W/N )

No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

Arch. of S.E.Asia 8 (100) 7 (100) 1 1 2 4 (lst Semester)

Early Chin. Thought and Institutions 27 (100) 22 (100) 5 2 3 3

(2nd Semester) ~S/N 5 9 5

Early Japan 9 (100) 7 (100) ' 2 1 2 2 2 1 ABS/N

Education & Social Change in Japan 8 (100) 7 from 1850

(100) 1 2 4 1

(2nd Semester)

History of Feudal 10 (100) 9 (10,0) 1 2 4 3 Japan

His tory of Imperial China and Its 7 (100) 5 (100) 2 1 1 1 2 1 Neighbours ABS/N: History & Culture 6 (100) 41 (100) 2 1 1 1 1 of Mod. Thailand ABS/N History of Indonesia 11 (100) 7 (100) 4 1 1 1 4 1 & The Philippines ABS/N Hist. of Mod. South 2 (100) z2 (100) - 1 Asia 1857-1947 ABS/N

1. Result deferred (1)

2. Result deferred (1)

THE AUSTllALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 5/198!1 . page 9

ASIAN III STORY CENTRE ANAJ,YSIS OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE

l 2 ;3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Subject Effective Sitting Wastage Did not sit Sat High Distinction Credit Pass eFnil

ur unit enrolments Failure Failure Distinction (ABS/N) ( W/N ) - - -

No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

History of Muslims in South Asia 6 (100) 5 (100) 1 1 3 1 7th Cent. AD-1857

Interpretation of Arch. Sources 1 (100) 1 (100) 1

(2nd Semester)

Introduction to 11 (100) 8 (100) 3 1 1 3 3 1 Islamic West Asia ABS/N

Introduction to 6 (100) 5 (100) 1 3 2 South Asia

Introduction to 34 (100) 23 (100) 11 1 8 10 4 1 Southeast Asia

Modern Chin.History 12 (100) 63 (100) 6 1 2 1

Readings in 2 (100) 2 (100) 1 1 Indon. History

Reference Works 1 (lQO) 1 (100) 1 and Documents

The Art of Ind. 6 (100) 4 (100) 2 2 1 1 Mainland S.E. Asia

(2nd Semester)

The Movement for Change in Mod.China 13 (100) 12 (100) 1 2 2 3 5 2

(lst Semester) ABS/N

West Asia 2/3B: Colonialism, Pan- 5 (100) 5 (100) 3 2 Islamism, Nationalism

(lst Semester) 3• 2 results withheld