the awik-awik: revitalization of rights-based fisheries in jor bay, east lombok, indonesia (by dedi...
TRANSCRIPT
The Awik-awik:Revitalization of Right-based Fisheries in Jor Bay, East Lombok,
Indonesia
Dedi S. Adhuri ([email protected])Research Center for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jakarta, INDONESIA
The Outline
• Introduction
• Scene Setting of the Fishery
• The User-rights story
• The gains and pain
• Lessons learned
Ecosystem Approach to Small Scale Tropical Marine Fisheries (EAFM)?
• EAFM is a holistic approach to fisheries management that involves the entire socio-biotic system.
• The FAO definition is“....an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) strives to balance diverse societal objectives, by taking account of the knowledge and uncertainties of biotic, abiotic and human components of ecosystems and their interactions and applying an integrated approach to fisheries within ecologically meaningful boundaries.”
• An ecosystem approach is different from the way fisheries have been management historically where the focus is usually on a single species.
Introduction
Testing & adoption of Development plan
Practical Steps for the development of EAFM
Technology
Economy
Fish resources
Institutions
Habitat
Focus Group
discussions
Workshop
Key Informant
interview
Stakeholder Consultations:
Diagnosis
Setting of Indicators (resource condition & community needs)
&
Fisheries Management Plan (based
on EAFM)
Year 1
Years 2
and 3
Output (sustainable livelihoods, food, income,
education)
Social
Scene Setting of the Fishery
The Site
Lombok Island
Settlement
Settlement Settlement
The location
Agriculture land
Jor Bay
Total Area : 1000 Ha.
2 Village communities (4,115 HHs; 12,227 people)
1,475 floating cages for lobster and grouper grow-out
27 Ha Brackish fish pond
The Fisheries
Lift nets Gill net Circling net
247 boats ( 212 with small engines)
The Use Rights Story
District regulation on participatory fisheries management did not work on the ground; lack of
government support for its implementation
Possible over-exploitation and pollution (:
squid fisheries has collapsed, marine
culture was introuble).
Low income from fisheries (Poverty)
Coastal abrasion that threatened
settlement
User conflicts:
Fishers – AQ farmers),
Local vs outside fishers (with more advance
or destructive gears/techniques)
Pond AQ vs Marine culture
Environmentally unfriendly pond AQ
The diagnosis: Challenges and Opportunities for fisheries management
Management plan/options
1. Revitalization of Traditional Awik-awik Management (in Jor Bay)
2. Mangrove Planting
3. Deployment of squid attractors and shallow Water FAD
4. Livelihood supports:- Training for boat engine repair; - Training for AQ and marine culture up-
grade; - Women group livelihoods support
Revitalization of Traditional (Awik-awik)
Objectives :1. Re-establish traditional regulation for EAFM2. Establish co-management organization (committee)
for implementing EAFM
Approach:1. “Development from the bottom’ (Community
discussions/workshops from settlement levels (12 workshops), village (2 workshops) up to sub-distric levels (2 workshops)
2. Problems identification and regulation formulation
Main elements:1. defines management area (Kawasan Teluk Jor);
2. regulates the use of the area (i.e: fishing, floating cage,fish farming and fish pond farming)
3. regulates habitat and coastal resources conservation ( i.e mangrove, fish resources, coral reef and sea grass conservation, sand and rock mining prohibitions)
4. sets fines for any wrong doing against the regulations.
5. appoints the Pemangku Awik-awik Teluk Jor (PATJ) as the implementing agency for the bay management
The Awik-awik
The Management Area
6. Squid Attractor and Shallow Water FAD Introduction
Objectives:
1. stimulate resettlement of squid population
2. re-establish squid fisheries (management)
3. creating fish’s shelter for increasing fish population in adjacent water
4. increase productivity for coastal fisheries
5. Provide incentive for the development of EAFM
Mangrove Planting
Objectives :
1. Rehabilate mangrove forest2. Increase coastal productivity 3. Increase posibilities for the development of
mangrove related livelihoods4. Stimulate the development of EAFM
Approach :Community-based mangrove planting, maintenance and management
Location of mangrove plantings
10 Ha
Funded by IMACS and TNCActivities led by LPSDN
Mangrove seedlings (Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora stylosa)
Squid attractor prototypes
Fish Aggregating Device (FAD)
In class training
Making squid collector
Livelihood supports
Training on post harvest processing and
marketing development.
Training on aquaculture improvement,
focusing on grouper floating cage culture.
Training on mechanic for fisheries related
machineries/engines/motors
Training on household financial
management
The Gains and the Pain
Squid eggs
Squid population is re-building
The management institution is in place although not perfect (need some improvement)
More control and monitoring over the management area (: no more destructive fishing, decrease conflict within and between different users, relative balance between ecosystem use and nurture )
New products and better marketing
30% survival rate
No apparent result from AQ and Marine culture
Lessons Learned
Starts from local opportunities and challenges
Participatory and collaborative
Balance options of environtmental rehabilitation/enchancement and livelihoods development (short term and long term gains)
Exit Stategy and sustainability
Community is not a single compact entity: negotiations start from below
Supporting Institutions