Ch 3, 10

The Baroque Era: Ch 3, 10ConcertoRitornello FormBach Brandenburg Concerto No. 5Vivaldi, Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (Spring)SELF-GUIDED STUDY1ConcertoOrchestra (aka tutti)15-25 strings+ harpsichord

louder dynamicssimpler musicvsSoloist(s)1 to 5 playersmay feature woodwinds, brasssofter dynamicstechnical, virtuosicConcerto combines 2 highly contrasting groups:Most concertos have 3 or 4 movements.2

Movement 1fast, energeticRitornello form(always)3Ritornello FormRitornello sectionsplayed by tuttireturning theme or part of it UnitySolo sectionsplayed by soloist(s)New melody (ies) in each Solo section ContrastContrastR1S1 R2S2 R3S3 R4S4 etc RXUUUUCCCCCCCCCCTime0:00Time?:??

4Listening Preparation

R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8 R9

______________________________________________Connect Kamien

1.Ritornello theme (R) has two identification components:melodic contourdouble tone motiveSome R sections use both themelodic contour and motive;others employ only the motive.Listen to each R section using Connect Kamien and indicate on the lines below what identifies it. NOTE: Kamien uses Tutti to refer to Ritornello.5Listening Preparation1

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6Some Solo sections include bits of the Ritornello theme in the background or as a brief part of the solo melody. Which of these excerpts do this?

When you have mastered this and the previous slide, you are ready to listen to the entire movement.

6BachBrandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Maj, Mvt. 1Concerto GrossoI=ritornello formsoloists=flute, violin, harpsichordlong harpsichord cadenzaa technical tour de forcemuch drive toward final ritornelloSummeryConnect KamienVLChasten audio -0.500s 7R1R2R3 =Unity

RSR=Contrast

S1S2S3 =ContrastRitornello Review8VivaldiConcerto for Violin & Orchestra, Op. 8, No. 1, (Spring from the Four Seasons ), Mvt. 1ConcertoI=Ritornello formProgram musicSummeryConnect Kamien9Listen to movement 1 of Vivaldis Violin Concerto. using Connect Kamien, my formal analysis (next slide) and the Kamien text.

1.Can you identify each recurrence of R?2.Who is supposed to play in a ritornello forms S sections?3.Who plays in Vivaldis S1 S2 S4 sections? (Check the book!!) 4.Do you agree that Vivaldi is breaking ritornello formal rules?5.Explain how S1 and S4 can produce both contrast and unity.6.Compare and contrast the Vivaldi and Bach movements:How many formal sections in each movement?Which movements structure is more consistent with ritornello form?Which is longer?Which has the greater energy? (This is somewhat subjective.7. What is program music? Use Kamien or VA Tech Music Dictionary8.Why is the Spring Concerto said to be programmatic?Self-Guided ListeningRitornello formR1S1R2S2R3S3R4S4R5S5R6SongbirdsMurmuringstreamsThunder,lightningSongbirdsVivaldis Concerto, Mvt 1Connect Kamien

11Vivaldi wrote >450 concertos for strings, woodwinds, and brasses. Why did he and his contemporaries write so much music?Google Stradivari and/or Stradivari violin and scan several items to get an idea of Stradivaris life span, work, and place in the history of violin making. Describe the quality of string instruments made in Italy during Vivaldis life.Vivaldi wrote more than 300 concertos for strings (>230 for violin). Vivaldi and the string instrument makers, Stradivari, Amati, Guarnerius were nearly contemporaries. See a connection?Remember program music?In what musical era or century is program music particularly popular?Can you cite elements of Vivaldis Violin Concerto that make it programmatic?Does Vivaldi compose at the beginning, middle, or end of the Baroque era? When did Vivaldi compose his Spring concerto? As musical eras draw to a close it is common for composers to experiment and innovate. Might this phenomenon have influenced Vivaldi?What, then, is Vivaldis role in the development of music?Self-Guided Listening: Use Baroque era overview notes, Kamien, the internet, and Connect Kamien to make observations about Vivaldi and his Violin Concerto.12Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 1a - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 1b - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 2a - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 5c - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 8c CadenzaBACH ..Kamien Brief [Disc 2]16012.973XXX - 0Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 1a - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 1b - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 2a - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 5c - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 8c CadenzaBACH ..Kamien Brief [Disc 2]16770.527XXX - 0Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 1a - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 1b - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 2a - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 5c - Brandeburg Concerto #5 - 1st Mvt: 8c CadenzaBACH ..Kamien Brief [Disc 2]12486.493XXX - 0