the basics of apa style a guide to student papers
TRANSCRIPT
Three areas of concern:
Part I: Formatting your paper Part II: The reference list Part III: Parenthetical, or in-text
citation
Part I:Formatting your paper
Use 8½ X 11 inch paper 12 point, New Times Roman, or similar
font 3 cm margins, 3,5 cm for left-hand
margin. Double-space your text
Part I:Formatting your paper
Number pages consecutively The first page is your title page:
Title
Your name
Your affiliation
Part I:Formatting your paper
Abstract (summary) on page two, if required by teachers.
Next page: center full title, followed by the main body of the text on the next line
Indent the first line of each paragraph by five spaces (1 cm).
Figures, tables, charts may be incorporated into the body of the text
Part II:The reference list
Reference sources used in your paper must be listed. Start references on a new page after the body of your text.
List alphabetically by author’s last name (or title, if author not known).
Part II:The reference list
The purpose of the reference list is to: Identify and credit the sources you used Enable the reader to locate your sources
APA style is used in the social sciences, education, engineering and business.
Emphasizes the date of publication
Example of reference listReferences
Heinerman, J. (1988). Heinerman’s encyclopedia of fruits, vegetables and herbs. Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kowalchik, C. & Hylton, W. (1998). Rodale’s illustrated encyclopedia of herbs. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press.
Wardlaw, G. M. & Smith, A. M. (2006). Contemporary nutrition. Boston: McGraw Hill.
Weiss, S. E. (Ed.). (1997). Foods that harm, foods that heal. Pleasantville, NY: The Reader’s Digest Association, Inc.
Part II:The reference list
If you have more than one source by the same author, arrange by year of publication beginning with the earliest.
Capitalization: titles of books and articles are treated like sentences with only the first word capitalized. (Proper nouns should be capitalized, just as they would in a sentence.)
Part II:The reference list
Single-author entries precede those with co-authors.
Multiple authors are joined with an ampersand “&” instead of with the word “and”.
Authors’ first names are always reduced to initials.
Part II:The reference list
PeriodicalsAuthor, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title
of article. Title of Periodical, xx(x), xxx-xxx.
Sacks, S. E. (2004). Fraud risk: are you prepared? Journal of Accountancy, 198(3), 57-63.
Part II:The reference list
Nonperiodicals
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.
Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Part II:The reference list
Part of a nonperiodical (e.g., a book chapter)
Author, A. (Year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.
Lipson, C. (2004). Plagiarism and academic honesty. In S. Jones (Ed.), Integrity in scholarship (pp. 32-48). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Part II:The reference list
References to Electronic Sources In general, include the same information
as you would for a print resource, and add as much electronic retrieval info as needed to locate the source.
Content with no fixed publication date should include a retrieval date.
If the source has a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), use it instead of a URL
Part II:The reference list
Article with DOI assignedAuthor, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, xx, xxx-xxx. doi:
Belli, B. (2007). Nuking food: Contamination fears and market possibilities spur an irradiation revival. E: The Environmental Magazine, 18 (4), 136-142. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482
Part II:The reference list
Article with no DOI assignedAuthor, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of
article. Title of Periodical, xx, xxx-xxx. Retrieved from URL
Belli, B. (2007). Nuking food: Contamination fears and market possibilities spur an irradiation revival. E: The Environmental Magazine, 18 (4), 136-142. Retrieved from http://www.emagazine.com/view/?3790
Part II:The reference list
EncyclopediaAuthor, A. A. (Year). Title of article. In A. Editor
(Ed.), Title of work. Retrieved month day, year, from URL
Ennis, W. (2006). Sign Language. In G. Albrecht (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Disability. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from Gale Virtual Reference Library, Pima County Public Library, www.tppl.org
Part II:The reference list
Newspaper article
Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of newspaper. Retrieved from URL
Rico, G. (2007, August 28). Hayden could get Superfund cleanup. The Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved from http://www.azstarnet.com/metro/198476
Part II:The reference list
Podcast
Creator, Producer, Director, etc. (Person’s title). (Year, Month Day). Title of show, segment, etc. [Number or other identifier]. Title of podcast. Podcast retrieved from URL
Glass, I. (Producer). (2007, August 3). Blame it on art [Show 73]. This American Life. Podcast retrieved from http://www.thisamericanlife.org
Part II:The reference list
Article on web site, no dateAuthor, A. A. (n. d.). Title of article. Retrieved
Month Day, Year, from URL
Doughan, D. (n. d.) J. R. R. Tolkien: A biographical sketch. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from http://www.lordotrings.com/noflash/biography.asp
Part III:Parenthetical, or in-text citation
Within the body of your text, you must cite your sources as you use them.
You must cite any and all data, facts, information, opinions, ideas, tables, charts, graphics, photographs, etc. that you obtained in your research.
Part III:Parenthetical, or in-text citation
ParaphrasingOne idea is to surround quotations with big Q’s to
distinguish the author’s words from your own ideas (Lipson, 2004).
In Doing honest work in college, Lipson (2004) suggests surrounding quotations with big Q’s to distinguish the author’s words from your own ideas.
___________________________________________Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college.
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Part III:Parenthetical, or in-text citation
Direct quoteLipson’s first rule of academic honesty is, “When you
say you did the work yourself, you actually did it” (2004, p. 3).
A good rule to follow is “When you say you did the work yourself, you actually did it” (Lipson, 2004, p. 3).
___________________________________________Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college.
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.