the beginning of the athenian new style coinage / [margaret thompson]
TRANSCRIPT
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8/20/2019 The beginning of the Athenian New Style coinage / [Margaret Thompson]
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THE
AMERICAN
NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY
MUSEUM
NOTES
V
THE
AMERICAN NUMISMATIC
SOCIETY
BROADWAY AT
56TH
STREET
NEW YORK
952
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THE BEGINNING OF THE ATHENIAN NEW
STYLE
COINAGE
(See
Plates
VIII-X)
In
1935
a
hoard
of
silver
coins was found
by
a
peasant
at
or
near the Greek
village
of Anthedon on the Boeotian coast.
It
was
soon
dispersed
and no
published
record exists. There
is,
however,
sufficient vidence available
concerning
the constitu-
tion of
the
hoard to show that it is of crucial
importance
for
the
chronology
of the Athenian
New
Style
series
and,
there-
fore,
an
attempt
at reconstruction is
definitely
worthwhile
even though seventeen years have intervened.
The material at the
disposal
of
the writer consists of a
number
of
casts assembled
by
M. L.
Kambanis
as well as coins
acquired
by
Edward T. Newell
and now in the collections of
Mrs. Newell1
and the American Numismatic
Society.
In
addi-
tion
there
are notations
forwarded
to the
Society by
individ-
uals who saw
portions
of the
hoard
shortly
after
it
appeared
on the
market.
Although uncertainty
exists
in
many
cases
as to
the exact
number of
pieces
of
a
given
type,
it seems evident
that the
original
find was
composed exclusively2
of
Euboean and
Athenian
issues as follows
1
am
deeply
ndebted
o Mrs. dward
.
Newell
ho as
generously
ade
er
m-
portant
uboean
nd
Athenian aterialvailablendwho
as
been
most
elpful
n
supplying
nformation
egarding
he
oard.
2
At
the
ime
hehoard as
discovered,
ne
orrespondent
broad rote
hat
t
was
said o
have ncludedetradrachms
fDemetrius
oliorcetes,
ut heserementioned
in
no
other
eport.
listing
rom
avel
temizing
heAthenianndEuboeanssues
addedhat hewriterad een old here ere theroins 1didrachmnd drachmof
aros,
didrachmfNaxosnd didrachmf
Carystosas
BMC,
l.
XIX,
2)
but
that e
was ertain
hey
ere
ot
art
f he ind.
25
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8/20/2019 The beginning of the Athenian New Style coinage / [Margaret Thompson]
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26 A. N. S. MUSEUM NOTES
CHALCIS
1
etradrachms
1. Female
ust
.,
veiled nd
wearingtephane.
etter
A
in
the
upper
olds
f
the
veil.3 order f
dots.
Rev.
XAAKI/AEÍÍN
above nd
below
Hera
?)
in
quadriga
.
OSE
in
upper
ields. ll
n oak
wreath.
(4
or
more
pecimens:
in
collectionfMrs. . T. Newell x
ETN
-
I7-°98r- - Plate VIII, 1)
Octobol
2.
Female
ead,
,
hair
olled
nd n
ong
ocks
n
neck.
order fdots.
Rev.
XAAKI
Eagle
nd
erpent
.
n
front,
ENEAH.
(1
specimen)
ERETRIA
7
etradrachms
I.
Bust
f
Artemis
.,
ow
nd
quiver
t shoulder.etters A
on
thehair-band«
Borderfdots.
Rev. PETPIEQN
above
filletedull
tanding
.
ATNfîN
below.
All n
laurelwreath.
(1
specimen:
ambanis
ast,4
late
VIII,
2)
3
One
f
he our rmore
halcisetradrachms
Plate
VIII,
1)
has
heA onthe
eil;
another
sdescribeds
having
o etterut
veil
decoratedith rossines. here
s
norecord
s
tothe
theroins.
4
At
this
oint
everalncertain
spects
f he
oard
hould ementioned.
rom he
correspondence
n
file t theAmericanumismatic
ociety,
eknow hat
ambanis
was tone ime
ssembling
asts
f heAnthedonoins ithhe ntention
f
ublishing
the oard.
mong
isAthenian
ew
tyleasts,
ow
n
he
ossession
f he
ociety,thererereplicasf wo retriaetradrachmsndoneEretriactobolPlateVIII,
2,
4,
6).
All hreere nlabelled.
nasmuch
s
there ere
o ther
xtraneous
asts ith
the
New
tyle
material
except
or
wo
Athenian
ecadrachms)
nd
n
view
f
he
on-
ditionnd
ypes
f he hree
asts hichre
dentical
ith
nownnthedon
ieces,
t s
highly
robable
hat
hey epresent
oins romhe oard.
With
egard
o wo f he NS x
ETN
oins
Plate
X,
10
nd
late
X,
14),
here
is a
similarituation.
oth
ieces
were
urchased
arly
n
1936
rom
dealer
ho
handled
art
f heAnthedonoard.
oth, owever,
re abelleds
having
ome
rom
the
Demotikaoard.
hese re he
nly
oins
rom
heNewell
ollectiondentified
with
his
oard,
owhichcan ind
o
referencelsewhere.
he
ypes
nd ondition
f
the wo
pecimens
orrespond
xactly
ith
ieces
nown
o
have een
oundt
Anthe-
don.
urthermore,
here
as,
n the
beginning
t
least,
ome
ncertainty
s
to the
provenancef heAnthedonind. ne arlyeportocatedt nEuboea,nd ne f he
first
ew
tyle
ssues romhe
Newell
ollection
Plate
X,
8)
sticketed
1935
oard
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BEGINNING OF NEW STYLE COINAGE
27
2.
Similar
utwith
he
arring
f
Artemis
ut
n
the
formf
monogram,
,
andno
ettersn
the
hair-band.
A
NI
AS
below he
bull.
(3
or
more
pecimens
Mrs.
.T.
Newell x
ETN
16.91 r.
/
-
Plate
VIII,
3;
Kambanis
ast,
late
VIII,
4;
ANS ex
ETN
-
16.81
r.
-
Plate
VIII,
5)
3.
Similar
utno
etters
r
monogram
n
the obverse.
Ol
AITTrTOZ elow
the
bull.
(1 specimen)
4.
SimilaroNo.
3
butXAPIAAMOS below hebull.
(1
specimen)
Octobols
5.
Head ofArtemis
.,
bow
nd
quiver
t shoulder.
Rev.
PETPI
above ecumbent
ull
r.
ATNÍ2N
below.
(1
specimen:
ambanis
ast,
late
VIII,
6)
6.
Similar
ut
EPETPI EÍ2N above
he
bull
nd
OANIAZ
below.
(2
or
more
pecimens)
7.
Similar
o
No.
6 but
Ol
AITTTTOZ
elow
hebull.
(1specimen: rs. . T. Newell xETN- 5.75 r./ - Plate VIII, 7)
ATHENS
Tetradrackms
1.
Head
of
Athena arthenos
.
in
crested ttic
helmet.
iga
on
neckguard.
Rev.A
O
E
Owl
tanding
n
mphora,
t
o 1. nd
A
or
A
to r.All
n
aurel
wreath.
(2
specimens:
NS
ex ETN
-
17.oogr.
-
Plate
IX,
8;
Kambanis
cast,
Plate
IX,
9)
2. Similar
ut
without
iga
n
helmet. order
f
dots.
Rev.A andE to1.,M to r.of wl.Kerchnosymbolnupper ightieldnd
pÓCKXOÇ
elow
mphora.5
from
om.
As
o hat
articular
oin
here
an
enodoubt f
he
rigin.
cast
f he
same
iece
s
n
heKambanis
ollection,
learly
arkedAnthedon.
Considering
llthe
ircumstances,
have
ittle esitation
n
ncluding
he
woANS
ex ETN coins nd he hree
ambanisasts
n theAnthedon
oard,
ut t
must
e
placed
nrecordhat heres
no bsolute
ertainty.
6Two
pecimens
f
his erchnos
ssue ame
rom nthedon.
n
two
eparate
ccounts
of
he
oard,
hey
re escribed
erely
s
having
onograms
nd
kerchnos
ymbol
n
the everses.ince
he ne
iece
as
isappeared,
heres
no
way
f
nowing
hether
t
duplicates
he
ype
f heANS
ex ETN coin
r
whether
t
belongs
oan earlier
r
latertagef he trikingSeePlates X andX,A-D and10for he ariationsf he
kerchnosssue nd
age
7
for discussion
f
heir
cqucnce).
3
Numismatic
otes
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8/20/2019 The beginning of the Athenian New Style coinage / [Margaret Thompson]
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28
A.
N. S. MUSEUM NOTES
(2
specimens:
incollectionf
ANS
ex ETN
-
17.05
r.
t
-
Plate
IX,
TO)
3.
Similar
o
No. 2.
Rev.
to
1.,
OA
NI to r.of wl.No
symbol.
(5
specimens:
in
collection
fMrs.
. T. Newell
x ETN
-
16.80
r.
t
-
Plate
X,
1
1 2
among
ambanis
asts,
late
X,
12-1
)
4.
SimilaroNo.
2
but
with
iga
n
helmet
s in
No.
1.
Rev.Œto1.,N tor.of wl.Nosymbol.
(1
specimen:
NS ex ETN
-
17.09
r.
f
-
Plate
X,
14)
The most
significant
aspect
of
the New
Style pieces
fromthe
Anthedon Hoard is that
only
four issues are
represented
and
those the first four of the entire
coinage.
The order of the list-
ing
above follows that
proposed by
A. R.
Bellinger
{Hesperia,
Suppl.
VIII,
1949, pp.
8
and
12
f.).
To his
convincing arguments
for this
arrangement,
some further
evidence
can be
added.
No. i of the Athenian series is clearly the earliest issue.
Three
obverse
dies are
known
(Plate
IX,
8-9
and Lederer
collection as
published
in the Bulletin de
correspondance
hellénique,
LXII,
1938,
Pl.
XVIII,
6).
All show
the
same
youthful
goddess
head
without
a circle of dots and on all the
die
engraver
with
charming
phantasy
has
cut a
tiny
biga
on
the
flap
of Athena's
helmet.
The kerchnos
issue,
No.
2,
may
cover two
years
but this
seems unlikely. Its firstobverse die (Athens, Plate IX, A) is
closely
related in
style
to
the
preceding
issue. The
biga
on
the
helmet has
been
abandoned
but dots
have not
yet
been
placed
around the
Athena head.
On the
reverse
of this initial
die the
monograms
PP
6
and M
appear
in the left and
right
fields,
supplemented
by
a kerchnos at
the
upper
right
and
a
p¿o
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8/20/2019 The beginning of the Athenian New Style coinage / [Margaret Thompson]
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BEGINNING OF NEW STYLE COINAGE
29
(ANS
ex
ETN from
Anthedon,
Plate
IX,
10)
which
has a
circle
of
dots on the obverse
and two
monograms,
A and
E,
in the
left
field,
replacing
the P? of
the earlier
die. In other
respects
the reverse
is
unchanged.
The same
obverse
die is
coupled
with
a reverse on which
A
alone
appears
in the left
field
(Schlessinger
Sale
13,
1935,
No.
901
;
Plate
IX,
B).
Two
other obverse dies with the A-M combination on the reverses
are known
(London,
Plate
IX,
C; Giesecke,
Plate
X,
D).
The
relative
order of
the
three
types
within
the
kerchnos
issue is
fixed
not
only by
the
style
of
the obverse
heads
which
indicates
that the AN
S
three-monogram
coin
belongs
directly
after the
early
die without
dots,
but also
by
the fact
that the
obverse
die
of the
Schlessinger
specimen
is in a later
stage
than that
of
the
ANS
piece.
The
flaw on the cheek
is more
pronounced
and the
imperfection just
in front of
the
mouth
is not visible
on
the
three-monogram
coin.
One
might
assume
that at the
beginning
of the
year
the
convention
of an
Athena
head
without
dots
was
retained
from
the first ssue
by
magis-
trates
F¥
and M. Sometime
later
PP died
or withdrew
from
office. Two
men were
then called
in to
take
his
place,
and
it
was on
their
initiative
that the border
of dots was
added to
the
obverse.
Shortly
thereafter,
the
issue
was resumed
in
normal
fashion,
with
E
dropping
out
and A
continuing
to
serve as mint magistrate.
In
style
the
obverses
of
the
OANI
issue
are close
to the
last
dies of the kerchnos
group
(compare
Nos.
C
and D with
E and
1 1
on
Plates IX and
X).
Of
greater import
is
the
circumstance
that on
one
reverse
die,
the
only
one with
OANI
in
monogram
form
(London,
Plate
X,
E),
there is
a
pótaos
beneath
the
amphora
-
surely
a
carry-over
from
the kerchnos
issue.
No.
4
must
follow the
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8/20/2019 The beginning of the Athenian New Style coinage / [Margaret Thompson]
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30
A. N.
S.
MUSEUM NOTES
the
beginning
of the New
Style
coinage.
The first issue is
without
one,
then
comes the kerchnos and
ßc5cKX°S>
ext the
ANI
ssue without
symbol,
and
succeeding
it,
a
striking
with either
no
symbol
or a
cornucopiae. Subsequently
the use
of
the
symbol
is
invariable
for the
monogram
series. This
in
itself
suggests
that
No.
4
is
correctly placed,
but there is
another reason for bringing it close to the beginning of the
coinage.
On one
die,
of which the
ANS
coin from Anthedon
is an
example
(Plate
X,
14),
there is a recurrence of
the small
biga
on
the
neckguard
of
the
helmet,
the
distinctive
marking
of
the first
ssue.
The condition
of the
Athenian coins like that of the
Euboean
issues is
uniformly
excellent.
A numismatist in
Greece at the
time the hoard was
discovered
described all
of the
pieces
as
being
FDC. One does note a
slight
variation
in wear
as
be-
tween
the
firstNew
Style
issue where the
plumage
of the
owl,
for
example,
is
somewhat rubbed and
the later
tetradrachms
where it is
strikingly
sharp,
but
on the whole the
coins and
casts which the
writer has
seen are
in
a
very
fine
state
of
preservation.
There can be
little doubt that the Athenian
and
Euboean
issues
were
contemporary
and that the
hoard was
laid
away
four or
five
years
after
the
beginning
of the
New
Style coinage.
While the Athenian tetradrachms fer se provide no evidence
for
dating
the
find,
their
association
with
the
rare Euboean
money
is of
paramount
interest.
It
is almost
universally
agreed
that the latter
coinage
was initiated after the
proclama-
tion of the
freedom of
the
Greek
cities
by
Flamininus in
196
b.c.7
For the
first time in
more then a
century
Euboea was
7
Edward .
Newell
n
publishing
hoard f
Euboean
ronze
Numismatic
otes
Monographs
8,
pp.
1-23)
avors
slightly
ater
ating
or
he
eginning
f he
ilver
issues,
.
90
b.c.
Although
edoes
ot
eal
with he
roblem
t
ength,
ewell
uggeststhathe hangenEuboeanoinagefterhe roclamationfFlamininussfor time
reflected
nly
n
the
ronze
ssues
nd
hat he
ilver enominations
ppeared
ome
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8/20/2019 The beginning of the Athenian New Style coinage / [Margaret Thompson]
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BEGINNING OF NEW STYLE COINAGE
31
completely
free of
Macedonian
domination and in a
position
to strike
the
large
silver denominations so often
symbolic
of
newly-acquired autonomy.
Since
so few
tetradrachm
types
are known for Chalcis and Eretria
-
two for the
former
and
eight
for the latter
-
the
presumption
is
that
the
coinage
of
these issues
at
both mints was
a
limited
one.
Furthermore,
it
would seem to have been of short duration if one considers
that
1)
The coins are of
homogeneous
style
2)
Four of the
Eretria
issues in
comparable
condition
were
found
together
at
Anthedon
3)
The same die cutter worked at Eretria on dies
of
three different
magistrates
4)
Four
of the
monetary
officials
of Eretria can be
identified
with
prominent
citizens
of
that
community
mentioned
in
inscriptions
of the
early
second
century
b.c.8
While it cannot
be
maintained with
any
cer-
tainty
that the
brief Eretrian tetradrachm series was struck
years
ater,
robably
oinciding
ith
he evival
f
utonomousilver
n
Asia
Minor
afterhe attle
f
Magnesia.
he
rux f he
rgument
nvolves
he ssociation
f he
second
entury
ilver
f
retria
ithhe ronzef
APETONIKOS,
the atest
retrian
issue
f he uboeaHoard
op.
it.,
l.
,
177).
While
he ontentsf
he oard om-
pared
ith
n
arlierne
ublished
y
N.
Pappadakis
Arch.
eltion,
91 ,
pp.
145-147)
and he
vidence
f
omparative
earmake
t
certain
hat ewell's
rrangement
f he
several
ronzessues
s
beyondispute,
here
eems
o
cogent
eason
hy
ne ssue
cannot
elong
othe
eriod
mmediately
fter
96
.c.
ratherhan
othe ast
years
f
the
Macedonian
ccupation,
n
alternate
ating
hich
ewell
imselfdvancess
a
possibility.
hebronzessue
n
uestion
with
ANTI IP OS
below recumbent
bull n he bversendEPETPI orEPETPIEÎÏN above vine-branchithrapeson he everse is
closely
onnectedn
tyle,
nscription,
nd
ypes
ithheilveroin-
age.
On he ctobolsf retriaheres a recumbentull
ery
ike hat f
hebronze
money;
n he etrobolsne indshe ine-branch
ith
rapes
elowhe thnic
PETPI
or
EPETPIEÍ1N.
It
would eem hat
he
ilver enominations
ould e ssociated
with
he
MANTIAfíPOE
ronzes
plausibly
s
with
he ater
PISTONIKOS
ssue.
I
shouldike tthis imeo
xpress y
ratitude
oDr.
William
.
Wallace
ho as
workedver oth he
Anthedon
nd he uboean ronzeoards ithme.His
ntimate
knowledge
f he uboean
oinage
as
been f he
reatest
ssistance.
8
Points and are iscussed
y
Wallace
Some
retrian
int
agistrates ,
hoenix,
IV,
1950,
p.21-26).
he
A
monogram
hichormshe
arring
f
Artemis
ntetra-
drachms
f
haniass
to
be ssociatedith he etters A cut n
he
air-band
f
he
goddess
n
tetradrachmsfHagnonndDamasias. sto themagistrates,hanias,Hagnon,mphinikosndCharidamosrenamesfprominentretrianitizensf he
second
entury
.c.
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10/17
32
A. N. S. MUSEUM NOTES
annually,
still it
cannot be
ignored
that in the
Anthedon
Hoard
exactly
four Eretria issues were
found in
conjunction
with the
firstfour annual issues of the
Athenian
New
Style.
If the
attribution of the
Euboean
money
to the
period
immediately
after
196
b.c.
is
historically plausible,
the
same
can be said
for the
beginning
of the
Athenian
New
Style
series. While Athens had been freed from the more galling
aspects
of
Macedonian
control,
notably enemy garrisons,
at
an
earlier
period,
conditions remained far
from
settled,
politically
or
economically, during
the
last
decades of the
third
century.
There was
always
the
threat of
Macedonian
intervention if not
of
outright
war.
It
was
only
after
Cynos-
cephalae
had
broken
Philip's
hold on
Greece
that
Athens,
the
friend
and
supporter
of
Rome,
could
have
experienced
any
real
feeling
of
security. Undoubtedly
the
circumstances
were
then favorable for a
reorganization
and
expansion
ofAthenian
currency.
It
remains to
be seen
whether a
burial
date can
be
sug-
gested
for the
Anthedon
Hoard.
Although
one
hesitates to
put
too
much
weight
on
political
or
military
factors
involved in
the
laying
away
of
coins,
it is
nevertheless
tempting
to
associate
this
burial
either with
the
occupation
of
Euboea
by
Antiochus III
late in
192
b.c. or
with his
evacuation
of
the
island some months afterwards in the face of the advancing
Romans.
Anthedon,
only
a
short
distance from
Seleucid
headquarters
at
Chalcis,
would
have been
uncomfortably
close
to the
manoeuvring
armies if
not in the
direct line
of
march.
The
date in
question
-
allowing
for the
circulation
of
four
or
five issues
of
coinage
-
would
accord
perfectly
with
an
introduction of
the
New
Style
and the
Euboean
series
about
196
b.c.9
Margaret Thompson
9
The
196
b.c.
dating
s in
conformity
ith
he
ejection
n
recent
ublications
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BEGINNING OF NEW STYLE COINAGE
33
of
the
traditional
29
b.c.
date for he
nception
f
the
New
Style
eries.
t
was Kambanis'
elief
hat hese
oins
were
not
struck efore
he
beginning
f
the
second
entury
.c.
(
BCH
LVIII,
1934,
. 137),
nd
Bellinger
op.
cit.,
pp.
6-30)
suggests
hat
theymay
have
tarted s late as
180
b.c.
A
further
indicationhat second
entury
ate
s
corrector he nitiation
f
he
New
Style
s
to
be
foundn
two
mportant
rticles
y
L. Robertn which e identifies
he
stephanepboros
nd
taurophoros
oney
f
theDelian
nscriptions
ith
he
pread
flan
ypes
f
Athensnd
Eretria
Études
e
numismatiquerecque,95
,
pp.105-135
and
pp.
43-178).
Robert
oints
ut that the
phoros
esignations
pplied
o
these ndothermore r ess ontemporaryoinagesrenot, pto he resentime,
known
efore
he
eginning
f he econd
entury
.c.
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VIII
BEGINNING OF NEW STYLE
COINAGE
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IX
BEGINNING
OF NEW
STYLE
COINAGE
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X
BEGINNING OF
NEW STYLE COINAGE